World 1-1

2019-03-26T01:50:14Z

AdrianWikiEditor: removed period

{{Infobox fictional location
| name = World 1-1
| colour =
| image = 雨の日はファミコンで遊べる (15441664223).jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption = ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' on World 1-1
| source =
| creator = [[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
| genre = [[Platform game|Platforming]]
| people = [[Mario]], [[Koopa Troopa]], [[Goomba]]
| first = ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' (1985)
}}
"'''World 1-1'''" is the first [[level (video gaming)|level]] of [[Nintendo]]'s 1985 [[platform game]] ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]''. The level was designed by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] to be a [[tutorial]] for new players, so that they can quickly learn how to play the rest of the game. "World 1-1" is one of the most iconic video game levels and is frequently imitated and parodied.

==Design==
===Design philosophy===
During the [[third generation of video game consoles]], tutorials in which players are explained the mechanics of a video game were rare, and instead, they had to learn how a video game worked by being guided by [[level design]]. The opening sections of [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] games such as ''[[Metroid (video game)|Metroid]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda (video game)|The Legend of Zelda]]'' and ''Super Mario Bros.'' are all designed in such a way that players were forced to explore the mechanics of the game to be able to advance. ''Super Mario Bros.'' was the first [[side-scrolling]] video game featuring [[Mario]], and one of the first [[Shigeru Miyamoto gameography|video games directed and designed by Shigeru Miyamoto]]. Rather than confront the player with obstacles indiscriminately, the first level of ''Super Mario Bros.'' introduces the variety of hazards and objects by forcing the player interact with them ''while'' advancing through the level.<ref name=1UP>{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/features/learning-level-design-mario|publisher=''[[1UP.com]]''|title=Learning Through Level Design with Mario|last=Parish|first=Jeremy|year=2012}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[Eurogamer]]'', Miyamoto explained that he created "World 1-1" to contain everything a player needs to "gradually and naturally understand what they’re doing," so that they can quickly understand how the game works. According to Miyamoto, once the player understands the mechanics of the game, the player will be able to play more freely and it becomes "their game."<ref name=Eurogamer>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-09-07-video-miyamoto-on-how-nintendo-made-marios-most-iconic-level|publisher=''[[Eurogamer]]''|title=Video: Miyamoto on how Nintendo made Mario's most iconic level|last=Robinson|first=Martin|date=2015-09-07}}</ref><ref name=Gamasutra>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/253150/How_Miyamoto_built_Super_Mario_Bros_legendary_World_11.php|publisher=''[[Gamasutra]]''|title=How Miyamoto built ''Super Mario Bros.''{{'}} legendary World 1-1|last=Kerr|first=Chris|date=2015-09-08}}</ref>

===Execution===
[[File:World 1-1 obstacle schematic.PNG|thumb|right|Schematic of the start of "World 1-1". The [[Goomba]] (red) walks towards Mario and needs to be jumped over. The [[Super Mario#Mushroom|Mushroom]] (light green) appears after bumping into the golden block and initially rolls to the right, until it falls off the platform and bounces against the [[warp pipe]] (green). The mushroom then turns around and rolls towards Mario, who has no time to run away at this point.<ref name=Eurogamer />]]

At the start of "World 1-1", the player—[[player character|taking control]] of Mario—comes across a [[Goomba]] slowly moving towards them. According to ''[[1UP.com]]'', it is likely that this first enemy will [[life (gaming)|kill]] a new player, even though the enemy can easily be avoided by jumping over it. As barely any progress is lost, the player learns from their defeat and can try again.<ref name=1UP /> After passing this Goomba, the player comes across an arrangement of blocks, a few of which are colored in gold. By tapping one of the gold-colored blocks from below, a coin pops out. According to Miyamoto, seeing a coin come out will "make [the player] happy" and want to repeat the action. Doing so for the next gold-colored block makes a [[Super Mario#Mushroom|Mushroom]] come out; a [[power-up]] that moves towards Mario in such a way that, due to the arrangement of blocks, it is difficult to evade. Being hit by the Mushroom makes Mario grow in size, another positive reinforcement.<ref name=Eurogamer /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/gaming/a17251/super-marios-bros-world-1-1-explained/|publisher=''[[Popular Mechanics]]''|title=Why the Famous First Level of Super Mario Bros. Looks the Way It Does|last=Bishop|first=Rollin|date=2015-09-08}}</ref>

After this block-formation, the player comes across a series of four vertical obstacles ([[warp pipe]]s) that need to be jumped over. Each is of a different height, subtly teaching the player that the longer they hold the jump button, the higher their jump goes.<ref name=1UP /> The player learns how to use the game's "run button" when they come across differently-sized holes in the level, as holding the button makes it easier to jump across. Furthermore, Miyamoto ensured that there were holes that, if Mario fell in them, they would be fine and would not be forced to retry the entire level.<ref name=Eurogamer />

"World 1-1" includes a few secrets—such as a warp pipe that leads to a [[bonus level|bonus room]] and a hidden block that contains a [[1-up]]—that players can discover upon [[replay value|multiple play-throughs]]. The warp pipe also allows a player to skip a large portion of the stage, so that more experienced players can advance more quickly in repeat play-throughs of the game.<ref name=1UP />

==Reception==
"World 1-1" is frequently cited as one of the most iconic video game levels, with Chris Kerr of ''Gamasutra'' describing it as "legendary".<ref name=Eurogamer /><ref name=Gamasutra /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vg247.com/2015/09/07/watch-miyamoto-explain-how-he-designed-super-mario-bros-world-1-1/|publisher=''[[VG247]]''|title=Watch Miyamoto explain how he designed Super Mario Bros. World 1-1|last=Saed|first=Sherif|date=2015-09-07}}</ref> Boston Blake of ''Game Rant'' rated "World 1-1" among the best opening levels in video games as a level that "ignited a love for gaming in the hearts of gamers around the world,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gamerant.com/best-video-game-opening-levels/|publisher=''Game Rant''|title=The Top 10 Opening Levels in Video Games|last=Blake|first=Boston|date= September 2015}}</ref> and Jon Irwin of ''[[Paste Magazine]]'' described the level as a "master-class in teaching players how to play."<ref name=Paste>{{cite web|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/09/the-20-best-2d-mario-levels-of-all-time.html|publisher=''[[Paste Magazine]]''|title=The 20 Best 2D Mario Levels of All Time|last=Irwin|first=Jon|date=2015-09-11}}</ref>

Jeremy Parish of ''[[1UP.com]]'' stated that "much of the game's success arose from the fact that it equipped players with the tools to master it from the very beginning." Almost all mechanics introduced later in the game are variations of what the player learns in "World 1-1", and the first levels of later games in the series (such as ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'') also expand upon the mechanics introduced in "World 1-1". Parish described the stage as "the most widely imitated, referenced, and parodied single level of a video game."<ref name=1UP />

===Legacy===
The design philosophy introduced in ''Super Mario Bros.'', described as "learning through play", has been implemented in all video games Miyamoto has worked on since.<ref name=Eurogamer /> "World 1-1" greatly influenced later ''[[Super Mario]]'' games, such as ''[[Super Mario 3D World]]''{{'}}s first level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/how-spirit-original-world-1-1-carries-todays-mario-225218|publisher=''[[The A.V. Club]]''|title=How the spirit of the original World 1-1 carries on in today’s Mario games|last=Gerardi|first=Matt|date=2015-07-11}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Super Mario Bros. theme|''Super Mario Bros.'' theme]]
*[[Green Hill Zone]]
*[[Level design]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Mario series}}

[[Category:1985 in video gaming]]
[[Category:Fictional elements introduced in 1985]]
[[Category:Mario]]
[[Category:Nintendo Entertainment System]]
[[Category:Video game levels]]

NGC 5529

2018-11-26T21:16:37Z

AdrianWikiEditor: I speak English I want to help you Germany

{{Infobox Galaxie
| Name = NGC 5529
| Bild = NGC5529 Galaxy from the Mount Lemmon SkyCenter Schulman Telescope courtesy Adam Block.jpg
| Sternbild = Boo
| Rek = 14/15/34.1
| Dek = +/36/13/37
| Size =
| Winkelausdehnung = 6,0′ × 0,7′
| z =
| V-Radial = 2942
| Hubble = Sc
| magV = 12,1
| magB = 12,8
| Fh =
| Gruppe =
| LJ =
| PC = 39,08 - 46,03 M
| Absolut =
| Masse =
| Durchmesser =
| Entdecker = Wilhelm Herschel
| Entdeckungsdatum = 1. Mai 1785
| NGC = 5529
| PGC = 50942
| MCG = +06-31-85
| UGC = 9127
| H = III 414
| h = 1764
| GC = 3822
| CGCG = 191.69
| KUG = 1413+364A
| IRAS = 14134+3627
| RekDekRef =
| WinkelRef =
| zVradRef =
| magVRef =
| magBRef =
| HubbleRef =
| FhRef =
| GruppeRef =
| LJPCRef =
| AbsolutRef =
| MasseRef =
| DurchRef =
}}

'''NGC 5529''' ist eine [[Scheinbare Helligkeit|12,1 mag]] helle [[Spiralgalaxie]] vom [[Hubble-Sequenz|Hubble-Typ]] „Sc“ im Sternbild [[Bärenhüter]] und nach verschiedenen Messungen zwischen 39,1 und 46 Millionen [[Parsec]] von der Erde entfernt. Sie wurde am 1. Mai 1785 von [[Wilhelm Herschel]] mit einem 18,7-Zoll-Spiegelteleskop entdeckt, der sie dabei mit „vF, mE“<ref name="Auke" /> beschrieb.

== Weblinks ==
*{{Internetquelle | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=NGC%205529 | titel=NGC 5529 | hrsg=SIMBAD | sprache=en | zugriff=2016-03-12}}
*{{Internetquelle | url=http://dso-browser.com/dso/info/NGC/5529 | titel=NGC 5529 | hrsg=DSO Browser | sprache=en | zugriff=2016-03-12}}
*{{Internetquelle | url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc55.htm#5529 | titel= New General Catalog Objects: NGC 5500 - 5549 | autor=Courtney Seligman | sprache=en | zugriff=2016-03-12}}
*{{Internetquelle | url=http://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC5529 | titel=Revised NGC Data for NGC 5529 | autor=Hartmut Frommert | hrsg=SEDS | sprache=en | zugriff=2016-03-12}}

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references>
<ref name="Auke">{{Internetquelle | url=http://www.docdb.net/show_object.php?id=ngc_5529 | titel=NGC 5529 | autor=Auke Slotegraaf | hrsg=Deep Sky Observer's Companion | sprache=en | zugriff=2016-03-12}}</ref>
</references>

{{Navigationsleiste NGC|5529}}

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

World 1-1

NGC 5529