King’s Inns

2006-05-18T07:58:18Z

Adrian Robson: copy-edit

{{Infobox_University
|name =Honorable Society of King's Inns
|image =[[Image:The Honorable Society of King's Inns.png]]
|motto =''Nolumus Mutari'' (we are unwilling to change)
|established =[[1541]] by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]
|city =[[Dublin]]
|country =[[Republic of Ireland]]
|head_label =Under Treasurer
|head =Camilla McAleese
|address =Henrietta Street<br/>Dublin 1
|telephone =+353-1 874 4840
|website =http://www.kingsinns.ie
}}
The '''King's Inns''' or formally the '''Honorable Society of King's Inns''' ('''HSKI''') is the institution which controls the entry of ''[[barrister|barristers-at-law]]'' into the [[justice]] system of the [[Republic of Ireland]]. The [[society]] was created in 1541, originally at [[Inns Quay]], 51 years before [[Trinity College, Dublin]], making it one of Ireland's oldest professional and educational institutions. The name refers to King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] under whose reign it originated. In 2006, the society had an enrolment of approximately 300 students, whilst there are approximately 1,400 practising barristers in Ireland.

Candidates who have an approved law degree may apply for ''the Degree of Barrister-at-Law'' ([[Latin]]: ''ad Gradum Advocatum Apud Judices''). Alternatively candidates without an approved law degree may undertake the society's ''Diploma in Legal Studies'' before presenting for the society's degree. Those who are presented with the degree are entitled to be called to and practise at the "[[Bar (law)|Bar]] of [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]".

==Profile==

The society has generally kept a low profile in current affairs in Ireland, though it did come to prominence in 1972 when financial difficulties led to the society selling a considerable stock of non-legal books it had in its [[library]]. These were sold at auction at [[Sotheby's]], [[London]] and a considerable stock of them were sold to clients outside Ireland. This was seen at the time as a major cultural outflow as many of the books were of historical and cultural significance. In addition, the society's library had received an annual grant since 1945 for the upkeep of the books from the [[Irish Exchequer]].

The society is seen as [[elitism|elitist]]; this was brought to attention in 2004 when the society courted controversy by not recognising the law degrees offered by [[Griffith College Dublin]], which are conferred by [[Nottingham Trent University]], [[England]]. This was later overturned by the society which now recognises the degrees offered at the college by the university. However, entry to the barrister's profession continues to be more restrictive than entry to the solicitor's profession. Eligibility for the education needed to become a solicitor depends on sitting an entrance examination. The King's Inns, however, regulates who may sit its entrance exams and this is what the controversy over Griffith was really about. Some say the King's Inns can be seen as more elitist nowadays following the change from a two-year part-time education to a one-year full-time course, making it more difficult to complete the barrister-at-law course whilst working to pay the considerable fees required.

==External link==

* [http://www.kingsinns.ie Official site - King's Inns]

{{IrishUni}}

[[Category:Law organizations]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Dublin]]

Vorwählgetriebe

2005-07-08T08:08:20Z

Adrian Robson:

'''A preselector gearbox''' is a gearbox used on a variety of vehicles, more commonly until around the 1950s.

As its name suggests, gear changes are made by selecting a gear ratio in advance of it being needed. The chosen gear is then brought into operation by pressing and releasing the gear change pedal, normally the left pedal in place of the usual clutch pedal.

They were common on [[Armstrong-Siddeley]] cars as well as on many [[London buses]]. They have also been used in racing cars, such as the [[1935]] [[English Racing Automobiles|ERA]] R4D [http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/0412_put_to_the_test/], and tanks, such as the German [[Tiger 1]] in [[World War II]].

Unlike the "crash" gearboxes of the first half of the 20th century, the gearwheels in a preselector box are permanently in mesh.

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==External links==

http://www.geocities.com/registen/regis04.html

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

King’s Inns

Vorwählgetriebe