Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

J-, K- und N-Klasse

2008-04-20T13:47:24Z

79.139.42.5: Royal Australian Navy used Royal Navy ensing during WW2

{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Kashmir.jpg|300px|HMS ''Kashmir'']]
|Ship caption=HMS ''Kashmir''
}}
{{Infobox Ship Class Overview
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|UK}}<br> {{flagicon|UK|naval}} [[Royal Australian Navy]]<br>
{{navy|Poland}}<br> {{navy|NED}}<br> {{navy|Indonesia}}
|Class before= [[Tribal class destroyer (1936)|Tribal class]]
|Class after= [[L and M class destroyer|L and M class]]
|Subclasses= J, K, N
|Built range=
|In commission range=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=24
|Total ships cancelled=1
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=15
|Total ships retired=9
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=as per Lenton<ref name="lenton">''British and Empire Warships of the Second World War'', H. T. Lenton, Greenhill Books, ISBN 1-85367-277-7</ref>
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement=1,690 [[long ton|tons]] (1,717 [[tonne]]s) standard<br />2,330 tons full load (2,367 tonnes)
|Ship length={{convert|356.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
|Ship beam={{convert|35.75|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|12.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} full
|Ship propulsion=2 x Admiralty 3-drum boilers, [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbines|Parsons]] geared steam turbines, 40,000 shp on 2 shafts
|Ship speed=36 [[knot (unit)|kt]] (32 kt full)
|Ship range=5,500 [[nautical mile|nmi]] at 15 kt<br />1,500 nmi at 32 kt
|Ship complement=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=<table>
* 6 x QF 4.7 in Mk.XII (119 mm) L/45, twin mount CP Mk.XIX
* 4 x [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pounder Mk.VIII]] (40 mm) L/39, quad mount Mk.VII
* 8 x [[Vickers machine gun|QF 0.5 in Mk.III (12.7mm) Vickers]], quad mount Mk.III
* 10 (2x5) tubes for 21 in [[torpedo]]es Mk.IX
</table>
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes= planned 183 (218 in leader) 
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (N class)
|Ship class=
|Ship displacement= 1,773 tons standard (1,801 tonnes)<br> 2,384 tons full load (2,422 tonnes)
|Ship complement= 183 (218 in leader)
|Ship armament=<table>
* 6 x QF 4.7 in Mk.XII (119 mm) L/45, twin mount CP Mk.XIX
* 1 x QF 4 in Mk.V (102 mm) L/45, mount HA Mk.III
* 4 x [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pounder Mk.VIII]] (40 mm) L/39, quad mount Mk.VII
* 4 x [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|QF 20 mm Oerlikon]], single mounts P Mk.III
* 4 x QF 0.5 in Mk.III (12.7mm) Vickers, twin mount Mk.V
* 5 (1x5) tubes for 21 in [[torpedo]]es Mk.IX
</table>
|Ship notes= Other characteristics as per above
}}
|}

The '''J, K and N class''' was a [[ship class|class]] of 24 [[destroyer]]s of the [[Royal Navy]] launched in [[1938]]. They were a return to a smaller vessel, with a heavier [[torpedo]] armament, after the [[Tribal class destroyer (1936)|Tribal class]] that emphasised guns over torpedoes. The ships were built in three flotillas or groups, eight each of ships with names beginning with J-, K- and N-. The flag superior of the [[pennant number]]s changed from "F" to "G" in 1940.

==Design history==

The design was intended as a smaller follow on from the preceding ''Tribal'' class, and incorporated one radical new idea that was a departure from all previous Royal Navy destroyer designs. That was the adoption of a two boiler room layout. This reduced hull length and allowed for a single funnel, both reducing the profile and increasing the arcs of fire of the light [[anti-aircraft]] (A/A) weapons. However, this also increased vulnerability, as there were now two consecutive large compartments with the resultant risk of a single well placed hit flooding both and resulting in a total loss of boiler power. This illustrates somewhat the Admiralty's attitude to the expendable nature of destroyers.

Another advance was made in construction techniques, by the adoption of longitudinal framing - that is, the strength members around which the hull was built were the longitudinals, rather than the transverse frames. The bow form was also modified from that of the preceding ''Tribal'' class design; the clipper bow replaced by a straight stem with increased sheer. This change was not a success and as a consequence these ships were very wet forwards. This shortcoming was rectified from the [[S and T class destroyer|S class]] onwards by returning to the earlier form.

Despite the vulnerability of the boiler layout, the design was to prove compact, strong and very successful, forming the basis of all Royal Navy destroyer construction from the [[O and P class destroyer|O class]] up to the [[Cr class destroyer|Cr class]] of 1944.

The armament was based on that of the ''Tribals'', but replaced one twin 4.7 in L/45 QF Mark XII gun on mounting CP Mk.XIX with an additional bank of torpedo tubes. These mountings were capable of 40° elevation and 340° of training. Curiously, 'X' mounting was shipped so that the blind 20° arc was across the stern, rather than the more logical forward position where fire was obscured by the bridge and masts anyway. This meant that they were unable to fire dead astern. With the tubes now pentad, a heavy load of 10 torpedoes Mk.IX were now carried. The A/A armament remained the same, comprised of a quadruple [[2-pounder gun|2 pdr gun Mark.VIII]] on mounting Mk.VII and a pair of quadruple [[Vickers machine gun|Vickers 0.5 in machine guns]], and was later to prove to be woefully inadequate. Fire control arrangements also differed from the Tribals, and the dedicated high-angle (H/A) rangefinder director was not fitted, instead only a 9 foot rangefinder was carried behind the usual destroyer director control tower (DCT). In the event, the rangefinder was heavily modified to allow it to control the main armament for A/A fire, and was known as the "3 man modified rangefinder".

The N class were ordered in 1940 as repeats of the J design, after delays and cost over-runs associated with the larger and more complicated [[L and M class destroyer|L and M class]]. The only design change was to mount the 'X' 4.7 inch mounting in the more logical position with the 20° training blindspot forward. While building, the same early wartime modifications as the Js and Ks were applied, with a pair of twin power-operated 0.5 in machine gun turrets briefly carried on the [[quarterdeck]] before being replaced by single 20 mm Oerlikons.

==Modifications==
In 1940 and 1941, to improve the [[anti-aircraft]] capabilities, all ships had their after torpedo tubes landed and replaced with a single [[QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|4 inch gun QF Mark V]] on mounting HA Mark III. The useless multiple 0.5 inch machine guns were replaced with single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon guns]], with a further pair added abreast the searchlight platform amidships. The high-speed destroyer [[minesweeper (ship)|mine sweeps]] were replaced with a rack and two throwers for 45 depth charges and [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 286|Radar Type 286]] air warning was added at the masthead alongside [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 285|Type 285]] fire control on the H/A rangefinder-director.

In 1942 the 4 in gun was removed and the torpedoes returned to all surviving vessels. The 20 mm Oerlikon guns were replaced with twin mountings (except those on the quarterdeck) and [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 291|Radar Type 291]] replaced Type 286. ''Jervis'', ''Kelvin'', ''Nerissa'' and ''Norman'' had the searchlight replaced with the "lantern" for centimetric target indication [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 271|Radar Type 271]]; ''Javelin'' and ''Kimberley'' having the lighter [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 272|Type 272]] fitted at the truck of the foremast. ''Napier'', ''Nizam'' and ''Norseman'' (and later, ''Norman'') had American Radar SG1 fitted at the head of a new lattice foremast, ''Norman'' replacing her Type 271 set with a single 40 mm Bofors gun. By the end of the war, the surviving J and K ships carried a lattice mast with [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 293|Radar Type 293]] target indication at the truck and Type 291 air warning at the head.

==Service==
Being amongst the Royal Navy's most modern and powerful destroyers at the outbreak of war, they were heavily committed. As a result, losses were heavy and of 24 ships built, six J, six K and one N class were war losses.

==Ships==
* ‡ = flotilla leader
===J class===
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! [[Pennant number|Pennant<br />number]]
! Name
! width="20%" | Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="33%" | Fate
|-
| F00
| [[HMS Jervis (F00)|''Jervis'']] ‡
| [[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]], [[Hebburn]]
| [[1937-08-26]]
| [[1938-09-09]]
| [[1939-05-12]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F22
| [[HMS Jackal (F22)|''Jackal'']]
| [[John Brown & Company]], [[Clydebank]]
| [[1937-09-24]]
| [[1938-10-25]]
| [[1939-03-31]]
| Bombed off [[Mersa Matruh]] [[1942-05-11]] and torpedoed by ''Jervis'' following day
|-
| F34
| [[HMS Jaguar (F34)|''Jaguar'']]
| [[William Denny & Brothers]], [[Dumbarton]]
| [[1937-11-25]]
| [[1938-11-22]]
| [[1939-09-12]]
| Torpedoed by [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[U-boat]] [[Unterseeboot 652|''U.652'']] off [[Sollum]], [[1942-03-26]]
|-
| F46
| [[HMS Juno (F46)|''Juno'']]<br />(ex-''Jamaica'')
| [[Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company]], [[Govan]]
| [[1937-05-10]]
| [[1938-12-08]]
| [[1939-08-25]]
| Bombed and sunk south of [[Crete]], [[1941-05-21]]
|-
| F53
| [[HMS Janus (F53)|''Janus'']]
| [[Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson]], [[Wallsend]]
| [[1937-09-29]]
| [[1938-11-10]]
| [[1939-08-05]]
| Torpedoed and sunk off [[Anzio]] by German aircraft, [[1944-01-23]]
|-
| F61
| [[HMS Javelin (F61)|''Javelin'']]<br />(ex-''Kashmir'')
| John Brown
| [[1937-10-11]]
| [[1938-12-21]]
| [[1939-06-10]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F72
| [[HMS Jersey (F72)|''Jersey'']]
| [[J. Samuel White]], [[Cowes]]
| [[1937-09-20]]
| [[1938-09-26]]
| [[1939-04-28]]
| Mined off [[Valetta]] [[1941-05-02]], broke in 2 and sank 2 days later
|-
| F85
| [[HMS Jupiter (F85)|''Jupiter'']]
| [[Yarrow & Company]], [[Scotstoun]]
| [[1937-09-28]]
| [[1938-10-27]]
| [[1939-06-25]]
| Torpedoed in [[Java Sea]] by [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] destroyers, [[1942-02-27]] and sank following day
|-
| <center>-</center>
| ''Jubilant''
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| Ordered [[1937-03-25]], cancelled December 1937<ref name="lenton"/>
|}

===K class===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Pennant<br />number
! Name
! width="15%" | Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="40%" | Fate
|-
| F01
| [[HMS Kelly (F01)|''Kelly'']] ‡
| Hawthorn Leslie
| [[1937-08-26]]
| [[1938-10-25]]
| [[1939-08-23]]
| Bombed by German aircraft and sunk south of Crete, [[1941-05-23]]
|-
| F28
| [[HMS Kandahar (F28)|''Kandahar'']]
| Denny
| [[1938-01-18]]
| [[1939-03-21]]
| [[1939-10-10]]
| Mined off [[Tripoli]] [[1941-12-19]] and sunk by gunfire from ''Jaguar'' following day
|-
| F12
| [[HMS Kashmir (F12)|''Kashmir'']]<br />(ex-''Javelin'')
| [[John I. Thornycroft & Company]], [[Woolston, Hampshire|Woolston]]
| [[1937-11-18]]
| [[1939-04-04]]
| [[1939-10-26]]
| Bombed by German aircraft and sunk south of Crete, [[1941-05-23]]
|-
| F37
| [[HMS Kelvin (F37)|''Kelvin'']]
| Fairfield
| [[1937-10-05]]
| [[1939-01-19]]
| [[1939-11-27]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F45
| [[HMS Khartoum (F45)|''Khartoum'']]
| Swan Hunter
| [[1937-10-27]]
| [[1939-02-06]]
| [[1939-11-06]]
| Damaged during sinking of Italian submarine [[Italian submarine Torricelli|''Torricelli'']] off [[Perim]], [[1940-06-23]]. Beached after internal explosion and written off as constructive total loss
|-
| F50
| [[HMS Kimberley (F50)|''Kimberley'']]
| Thornycroft
| [[1938-01-17]]
| [[1939-06-01]]
| [[1940-02-21]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F64
| [[HMS Kingston (F64)|''Kingston'']]
| White
| [[1937-10-06]]
| [[1939-01-09]]
| [[1939-09-14]]
|Seriously damaged by the [[Italian battleship Littorio|Italian battleship ''Littorio'']] during the [[Second Battle of Sirte]], [[1942-03-22]]. Later ([[1942-04-11]]) bombed by German aircraft while in dry dock in Valletta and written off as constructive total loss. Expended as blockship off Malta
|-
| F91
| [[HMS Kipling (F91)|''Kipling'']]
| Yarrow
| [[1937-10-26]]
| [[1939-01-19]]
| [[1939-12-22]]
| Bombed and sunk by German aircraft off Mersa Matruh, [[1942-05-11]]
|}

===N class===
Those N class of the Royal Australian Navy were manned by, and commissioned into, that force, but remained the property of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Pennant<br />number
! Name
! Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="45%" | Fate
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] [[Image:Naval Jack of the Netherlands.svg|25px]]
|-
| G84
| [[HMS Noble (G84)|''Noble'']]
| Denny
| [[1939-07-10]]
| [[1941-04-17]]
| [[1942-02-20]]
| To the Netherlands as [[HNLMS Van Galen (G84)|''Van Galen'']] 1942, sold for scrapping 1957
|-
| G16
| [[HMS Nonpareil (G16)|''Nonpareil'']]
| Denny
| [[1940-05-22]]
| [[1941-06-25]]
| [[1942-10-30]]
| To Netherlands as [[HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes (G16)|''Tjerk Hiddes'']] 1942. To [[Indonesian Navy|Indonesia]] as ''Gadjah Mada'' 1951, sold for scrapping 1961
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Royal Australian Navy]] {{flagicon|UK|naval}}
|-
| G97
| [[HMAS Napier (G97)|''Napier'']] ‡
| Fairfield
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-05-22]]
| [[1940-12-11]]
| Sold for scrapping 1945
|-
| G02
| [[HMAS Nestor (G02)|''Nestor'']]
| Fairfield
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-07-09]]
| [[1941-02-12]]
| Bombed by Italian aircraft [[1942-06-15]] and sunk by depth charges from ''Javelin''
|-
| G38
| [[HMAS Nizam (G38)|''Nizam'']]
| John Brown
| [[1939-07-27]]
| [[1940-07-04]]
| [[1940-12-19]]
| Sold for scrapping 1955
|-
| G49
| [[HMAS Norman (G49)|''Norman'']]
| Thornycroft
| [[1939-07-27]]
| [[1940-10-30]]
| [[1941-09-29]]
| Sold for scrapping 1958
|-
| G25
| [[HMAS Nepal (G25)|''Nepal'']]<br />(ex-''Norseman'')
| Thornycroft
| [[1939-09-09]]
| [[1941-12-04]]
| [[1942-05-29]]
| Sold for scrapping 1955
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Polish Navy]] [[Image:Naval Ensign of Poland.svg|25px]]
|-
| G65
| [[HMS Nerissa (G65)|''Nerissa'']]
| John Brown
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-05-07]]
| [[1941-02-12]]
| To Poland as [[ORP Piorun (G65)|''Piorun'']] 1940, returned as HMS ''Noble'' 1946, sold for scrapping 1955
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{Commons|Category:J, K and N class destroyer}}
{{J, K and N class destroyer}}
{{WWIIBritishShips}}

[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:J, K and N class destroyers| ]]

[[it:Classi J, K e N (cacciatorpediniere)]]
[[pl:Niszczyciele typu N]]

J-, K- und N-Klasse

2008-04-20T13:44:59Z

79.139.42.5:

{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Kashmir.jpg|300px|HMS ''Kashmir'']]
|Ship caption=HMS ''Kashmir''
}}
{{Infobox Ship Class Overview
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|UK}}<br> {{flagicon|UK|naval}} [[Royal Australian Navy]]<br>
{{navy|Poland}}<br> {{navy|NED}}<br> {{navy|Indonesia}}
|Class before= [[Tribal class destroyer (1936)|Tribal class]]
|Class after= [[L and M class destroyer|L and M class]]
|Subclasses= J, K, N
|Built range=
|In commission range=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=24
|Total ships cancelled=1
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=15
|Total ships retired=9
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=as per Lenton<ref name="lenton">''British and Empire Warships of the Second World War'', H. T. Lenton, Greenhill Books, ISBN 1-85367-277-7</ref>
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement=1,690 [[long ton|tons]] (1,717 [[tonne]]s) standard<br />2,330 tons full load (2,367 tonnes)
|Ship length={{convert|356.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
|Ship beam={{convert|35.75|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|12.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} full
|Ship propulsion=2 x Admiralty 3-drum boilers, [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbines|Parsons]] geared steam turbines, 40,000 shp on 2 shafts
|Ship speed=36 [[knot (unit)|kt]] (32 kt full)
|Ship range=5,500 [[nautical mile|nmi]] at 15 kt<br />1,500 nmi at 32 kt
|Ship complement=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=<table>
* 6 x QF 4.7 in Mk.XII (119 mm) L/45, twin mount CP Mk.XIX
* 4 x [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pounder Mk.VIII]] (40 mm) L/39, quad mount Mk.VII
* 8 x [[Vickers machine gun|QF 0.5 in Mk.III (12.7mm) Vickers]], quad mount Mk.III
* 10 (2x5) tubes for 21 in [[torpedo]]es Mk.IX
</table>
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes= planned 183 (218 in leader) 
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (N class)
|Ship class=
|Ship displacement= 1,773 tons standard (1,801 tonnes)<br> 2,384 tons full load (2,422 tonnes)
|Ship complement= 183 (218 in leader)
|Ship armament=<table>
* 6 x QF 4.7 in Mk.XII (119 mm) L/45, twin mount CP Mk.XIX
* 1 x QF 4 in Mk.V (102 mm) L/45, mount HA Mk.III
* 4 x [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pounder Mk.VIII]] (40 mm) L/39, quad mount Mk.VII
* 4 x [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|QF 20 mm Oerlikon]], single mounts P Mk.III
* 4 x QF 0.5 in Mk.III (12.7mm) Vickers, twin mount Mk.V
* 5 (1x5) tubes for 21 in [[torpedo]]es Mk.IX
</table>
|Ship notes= Other characteristics as per above
}}
|}

The '''J, K and N class''' was a [[ship class|class]] of 24 [[destroyer]]s of the [[Royal Navy]] launched in [[1938]]. They were a return to a smaller vessel, with a heavier [[torpedo]] armament, after the [[Tribal class destroyer (1936)|Tribal class]] that emphasised guns over torpedoes. The ships were built in three flotillas or groups, eight each of ships with names beginning with J-, K- and N-. The flag superior of the [[pennant number]]s changed from "F" to "G" in 1940.

==Design history==

The design was intended as a smaller follow on from the preceding ''Tribal'' class, and incorporated one radical new idea that was a departure from all previous Royal Navy destroyer designs. That was the adoption of a two boiler room layout. This reduced hull length and allowed for a single funnel, both reducing the profile and increasing the arcs of fire of the light [[anti-aircraft]] (A/A) weapons. However, this also increased vulnerability, as there were now two consecutive large compartments with the resultant risk of a single well placed hit flooding both and resulting in a total loss of boiler power. This illustrates somewhat the Admiralty's attitude to the expendable nature of destroyers.

Another advance was made in construction techniques, by the adoption of longitudinal framing - that is, the strength members around which the hull was built were the longitudinals, rather than the transverse frames. The bow form was also modified from that of the preceding ''Tribal'' class design; the clipper bow replaced by a straight stem with increased sheer. This change was not a success and as a consequence these ships were very wet forwards. This shortcoming was rectified from the [[S and T class destroyer|S class]] onwards by returning to the earlier form.

Despite the vulnerability of the boiler layout, the design was to prove compact, strong and very successful, forming the basis of all Royal Navy destroyer construction from the [[O and P class destroyer|O class]] up to the [[Cr class destroyer|Cr class]] of 1944.

The armament was based on that of the ''Tribals'', but replaced one twin 4.7 in L/45 QF Mark XII gun on mounting CP Mk.XIX with an additional bank of torpedo tubes. These mountings were capable of 40° elevation and 340° of training. Curiously, 'X' mounting was shipped so that the blind 20° arc was across the stern, rather than the more logical forward position where fire was obscured by the bridge and masts anyway. This meant that they were unable to fire dead astern. With the tubes now pentad, a heavy load of 10 torpedoes Mk.IX were now carried. The A/A armament remained the same, comprised of a quadruple [[2-pounder gun|2 pdr gun Mark.VIII]] on mounting Mk.VII and a pair of quadruple [[Vickers machine gun|Vickers 0.5 in machine guns]], and was later to prove to be woefully inadequate. Fire control arrangements also differed from the Tribals, and the dedicated high-angle (H/A) rangefinder director was not fitted, instead only a 9 foot rangefinder was carried behind the usual destroyer director control tower (DCT). In the event, the rangefinder was heavily modified to allow it to control the main armament for A/A fire, and was known as the "3 man modified rangefinder".

The N class were ordered in 1940 as repeats of the J design, after delays and cost over-runs associated with the larger and more complicated [[L and M class destroyer|L and M class]]. The only design change was to mount the 'X' 4.7 inch mounting in the more logical position with the 20° training blindspot forward. While building, the same early wartime modifications as the Js and Ks were applied, with a pair of twin power-operated 0.5 in machine gun turrets briefly carried on the [[quarterdeck]] before being replaced by single 20 mm Oerlikons.

==Modifications==
In 1940 and 1941, to improve the [[anti-aircraft]] capabilities, all ships had their after torpedo tubes landed and replaced with a single [[QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|4 inch gun QF Mark V]] on mounting HA Mark III. The useless multiple 0.5 inch machine guns were replaced with single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon guns]], with a further pair added abreast the searchlight platform amidships. The high-speed destroyer [[minesweeper (ship)|mine sweeps]] were replaced with a rack and two throwers for 45 depth charges and [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 286|Radar Type 286]] air warning was added at the masthead alongside [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 285|Type 285]] fire control on the H/A rangefinder-director.

In 1942 the 4 in gun was removed and the torpedoes returned to all surviving vessels. The 20 mm Oerlikon guns were replaced with twin mountings (except those on the quarterdeck) and [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 291|Radar Type 291]] replaced Type 286. ''Jervis'', ''Kelvin'', ''Nerissa'' and ''Norman'' had the searchlight replaced with the "lantern" for centimetric target indication [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 271|Radar Type 271]]; ''Javelin'' and ''Kimberley'' having the lighter [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 272|Type 272]] fitted at the truck of the foremast. ''Napier'', ''Nizam'' and ''Norseman'' (and later, ''Norman'') had American Radar SG1 fitted at the head of a new lattice foremast, ''Norman'' replacing her Type 271 set with a single 40 mm Bofors gun. By the end of the war, the surviving J and K ships carried a lattice mast with [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 293|Radar Type 293]] target indication at the truck and Type 291 air warning at the head.

==Service==
Being amongst the Royal Navy's most modern and powerful destroyers at the outbreak of war, they were heavily committed. As a result, losses were heavy and of 24 ships built, six J, six K and one N class were war losses.

==Ships==
* ‡ = flotilla leader
===J class===
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! [[Pennant number|Pennant<br />number]]
! Name
! width="20%" | Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="33%" | Fate
|-
| F00
| [[HMS Jervis (F00)|''Jervis'']] ‡
| [[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]], [[Hebburn]]
| [[1937-08-26]]
| [[1938-09-09]]
| [[1939-05-12]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F22
| [[HMS Jackal (F22)|''Jackal'']]
| [[John Brown & Company]], [[Clydebank]]
| [[1937-09-24]]
| [[1938-10-25]]
| [[1939-03-31]]
| Bombed off [[Mersa Matruh]] [[1942-05-11]] and torpedoed by ''Jervis'' following day
|-
| F34
| [[HMS Jaguar (F34)|''Jaguar'']]
| [[William Denny & Brothers]], [[Dumbarton]]
| [[1937-11-25]]
| [[1938-11-22]]
| [[1939-09-12]]
| Torpedoed by [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[U-boat]] [[Unterseeboot 652|''U.652'']] off [[Sollum]], [[1942-03-26]]
|-
| F46
| [[HMS Juno (F46)|''Juno'']]<br />(ex-''Jamaica'')
| [[Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company]], [[Govan]]
| [[1937-05-10]]
| [[1938-12-08]]
| [[1939-08-25]]
| Bombed and sunk south of [[Crete]], [[1941-05-21]]
|-
| F53
| [[HMS Janus (F53)|''Janus'']]
| [[Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson]], [[Wallsend]]
| [[1937-09-29]]
| [[1938-11-10]]
| [[1939-08-05]]
| Torpedoed and sunk off [[Anzio]] by German aircraft, [[1944-01-23]]
|-
| F61
| [[HMS Javelin (F61)|''Javelin'']]<br />(ex-''Kashmir'')
| John Brown
| [[1937-10-11]]
| [[1938-12-21]]
| [[1939-06-10]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F72
| [[HMS Jersey (F72)|''Jersey'']]
| [[J. Samuel White]], [[Cowes]]
| [[1937-09-20]]
| [[1938-09-26]]
| [[1939-04-28]]
| Mined off [[Valetta]] [[1941-05-02]], broke in 2 and sank 2 days later
|-
| F85
| [[HMS Jupiter (F85)|''Jupiter'']]
| [[Yarrow & Company]], [[Scotstoun]]
| [[1937-09-28]]
| [[1938-10-27]]
| [[1939-06-25]]
| Torpedoed in [[Java Sea]] by [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] destroyers, [[1942-02-27]] and sank following day
|-
| <center>-</center>
| ''Jubilant''
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| Ordered [[1937-03-25]], cancelled December 1937<ref name="lenton"/>
|}

===K class===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Pennant<br />number
! Name
! width="15%" | Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="40%" | Fate
|-
| F01
| [[HMS Kelly (F01)|''Kelly'']] ‡
| Hawthorn Leslie
| [[1937-08-26]]
| [[1938-10-25]]
| [[1939-08-23]]
| Bombed by German aircraft and sunk south of Crete, [[1941-05-23]]
|-
| F28
| [[HMS Kandahar (F28)|''Kandahar'']]
| Denny
| [[1938-01-18]]
| [[1939-03-21]]
| [[1939-10-10]]
| Mined off [[Tripoli]] [[1941-12-19]] and sunk by gunfire from ''Jaguar'' following day
|-
| F12
| [[HMS Kashmir (F12)|''Kashmir'']]<br />(ex-''Javelin'')
| [[John I. Thornycroft & Company]], [[Woolston, Hampshire|Woolston]]
| [[1937-11-18]]
| [[1939-04-04]]
| [[1939-10-26]]
| Bombed by German aircraft and sunk south of Crete, [[1941-05-23]]
|-
| F37
| [[HMS Kelvin (F37)|''Kelvin'']]
| Fairfield
| [[1937-10-05]]
| [[1939-01-19]]
| [[1939-11-27]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F45
| [[HMS Khartoum (F45)|''Khartoum'']]
| Swan Hunter
| [[1937-10-27]]
| [[1939-02-06]]
| [[1939-11-06]]
| Damaged during sinking of Italian submarine [[Italian submarine Torricelli|''Torricelli'']] off [[Perim]], [[1940-06-23]]. Beached after internal explosion and written off as constructive total loss
|-
| F50
| [[HMS Kimberley (F50)|''Kimberley'']]
| Thornycroft
| [[1938-01-17]]
| [[1939-06-01]]
| [[1940-02-21]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F64
| [[HMS Kingston (F64)|''Kingston'']]
| White
| [[1937-10-06]]
| [[1939-01-09]]
| [[1939-09-14]]
|Seriously damaged by the [[Italian battleship Littorio|Italian battleship ''Littorio'']] during the [[Second Battle of Sirte]], [[1942-03-22]]. Later ([[1942-04-11]]) bombed by German aircraft while in dry dock in Valletta and written off as constructive total loss. Expended as blockship off Malta
|-
| F91
| [[HMS Kipling (F91)|''Kipling'']]
| Yarrow
| [[1937-10-26]]
| [[1939-01-19]]
| [[1939-12-22]]
| Bombed and sunk by German aircraft off Mersa Matruh, [[1942-05-11]]
|}

===N class===
Those N class of the Royal Australian Navy were manned by, and commissioned into, that force, but remained the property of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Pennant<br />number
! Name
! Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="45%" | Fate
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] [[Image:Naval Jack of the Netherlands.svg|25px]]
|-
| G84
| [[HMS Noble (G84)|''Noble'']]
| Denny
| [[1939-07-10]]
| [[1941-04-17]]
| [[1942-02-20]]
| To the Netherlands as [[HNLMS Van Galen (G84)|''Van Galen'']] 1942, sold for scrapping 1957
|-
| G16
| [[HMS Nonpareil (G16)|''Nonpareil'']]
| Denny
| [[1940-05-22]]
| [[1941-06-25]]
| [[1942-10-30]]
| To Netherlands as [[HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes (G16)|''Tjerk Hiddes'']] 1942. To [[Indonesian Navy|Indonesia]] as ''Gadjah Mada'' 1951, sold for scrapping 1961
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Royal Australian Navy]] [[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|25px]]
|-
| G97
| [[HMAS Napier (G97)|''Napier'']] ‡
| Fairfield
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-05-22]]
| [[1940-12-11]]
| Sold for scrapping 1945
|-
| G02
| [[HMAS Nestor (G02)|''Nestor'']]
| Fairfield
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-07-09]]
| [[1941-02-12]]
| Bombed by Italian aircraft [[1942-06-15]] and sunk by depth charges from ''Javelin''
|-
| G38
| [[HMAS Nizam (G38)|''Nizam'']]
| John Brown
| [[1939-07-27]]
| [[1940-07-04]]
| [[1940-12-19]]
| Sold for scrapping 1955
|-
| G49
| [[HMAS Norman (G49)|''Norman'']]
| Thornycroft
| [[1939-07-27]]
| [[1940-10-30]]
| [[1941-09-29]]
| Sold for scrapping 1958
|-
| G25
| [[HMAS Nepal (G25)|''Nepal'']]<br />(ex-''Norseman'')
| Thornycroft
| [[1939-09-09]]
| [[1941-12-04]]
| [[1942-05-29]]
| Sold for scrapping 1955
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Polish Navy]] [[Image:Naval Ensign of Poland.svg|25px]]
|-
| G65
| [[HMS Nerissa (G65)|''Nerissa'']]
| John Brown
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-05-07]]
| [[1941-02-12]]
| To Poland as [[ORP Piorun (G65)|''Piorun'']] 1940, returned as HMS ''Noble'' 1946, sold for scrapping 1955
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{Commons|Category:J, K and N class destroyer}}
{{J, K and N class destroyer}}
{{WWIIBritishShips}}

[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:J, K and N class destroyers| ]]

[[it:Classi J, K e N (cacciatorpediniere)]]
[[pl:Niszczyciele typu N]]

J-, K- und N-Klasse

2008-04-20T13:42:27Z

79.139.42.5:

{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Kashmir.jpg|300px|HMS ''Kashmir'']]
|Ship caption=HMS ''Kashmir''
}}
{{Infobox Ship Class Overview
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|UK}}<br> {{navy|UK}}[[Royal Australian Navy]]<br>
{{navy|Poland}}<br> {{navy|NED}}<br> {{navy|Indonesia}}
|Class before= [[Tribal class destroyer (1936)|Tribal class]]
|Class after= [[L and M class destroyer|L and M class]]
|Subclasses= J, K, N
|Built range=
|In commission range=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=24
|Total ships cancelled=1
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=15
|Total ships retired=9
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=as per Lenton<ref name="lenton">''British and Empire Warships of the Second World War'', H. T. Lenton, Greenhill Books, ISBN 1-85367-277-7</ref>
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement=1,690 [[long ton|tons]] (1,717 [[tonne]]s) standard<br />2,330 tons full load (2,367 tonnes)
|Ship length={{convert|356.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
|Ship beam={{convert|35.75|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|12.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} full
|Ship propulsion=2 x Admiralty 3-drum boilers, [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbines|Parsons]] geared steam turbines, 40,000 shp on 2 shafts
|Ship speed=36 [[knot (unit)|kt]] (32 kt full)
|Ship range=5,500 [[nautical mile|nmi]] at 15 kt<br />1,500 nmi at 32 kt
|Ship complement=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=<table>
* 6 x QF 4.7 in Mk.XII (119 mm) L/45, twin mount CP Mk.XIX
* 4 x [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pounder Mk.VIII]] (40 mm) L/39, quad mount Mk.VII
* 8 x [[Vickers machine gun|QF 0.5 in Mk.III (12.7mm) Vickers]], quad mount Mk.III
* 10 (2x5) tubes for 21 in [[torpedo]]es Mk.IX
</table>
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes= planned 183 (218 in leader) 
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (N class)
|Ship class=
|Ship displacement= 1,773 tons standard (1,801 tonnes)<br> 2,384 tons full load (2,422 tonnes)
|Ship complement= 183 (218 in leader)
|Ship armament=<table>
* 6 x QF 4.7 in Mk.XII (119 mm) L/45, twin mount CP Mk.XIX
* 1 x QF 4 in Mk.V (102 mm) L/45, mount HA Mk.III
* 4 x [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|QF 2 pounder Mk.VIII]] (40 mm) L/39, quad mount Mk.VII
* 4 x [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|QF 20 mm Oerlikon]], single mounts P Mk.III
* 4 x QF 0.5 in Mk.III (12.7mm) Vickers, twin mount Mk.V
* 5 (1x5) tubes for 21 in [[torpedo]]es Mk.IX
</table>
|Ship notes= Other characteristics as per above
}}
|}

The '''J, K and N class''' was a [[ship class|class]] of 24 [[destroyer]]s of the [[Royal Navy]] launched in [[1938]]. They were a return to a smaller vessel, with a heavier [[torpedo]] armament, after the [[Tribal class destroyer (1936)|Tribal class]] that emphasised guns over torpedoes. The ships were built in three flotillas or groups, eight each of ships with names beginning with J-, K- and N-. The flag superior of the [[pennant number]]s changed from "F" to "G" in 1940.

==Design history==

The design was intended as a smaller follow on from the preceding ''Tribal'' class, and incorporated one radical new idea that was a departure from all previous Royal Navy destroyer designs. That was the adoption of a two boiler room layout. This reduced hull length and allowed for a single funnel, both reducing the profile and increasing the arcs of fire of the light [[anti-aircraft]] (A/A) weapons. However, this also increased vulnerability, as there were now two consecutive large compartments with the resultant risk of a single well placed hit flooding both and resulting in a total loss of boiler power. This illustrates somewhat the Admiralty's attitude to the expendable nature of destroyers.

Another advance was made in construction techniques, by the adoption of longitudinal framing - that is, the strength members around which the hull was built were the longitudinals, rather than the transverse frames. The bow form was also modified from that of the preceding ''Tribal'' class design; the clipper bow replaced by a straight stem with increased sheer. This change was not a success and as a consequence these ships were very wet forwards. This shortcoming was rectified from the [[S and T class destroyer|S class]] onwards by returning to the earlier form.

Despite the vulnerability of the boiler layout, the design was to prove compact, strong and very successful, forming the basis of all Royal Navy destroyer construction from the [[O and P class destroyer|O class]] up to the [[Cr class destroyer|Cr class]] of 1944.

The armament was based on that of the ''Tribals'', but replaced one twin 4.7 in L/45 QF Mark XII gun on mounting CP Mk.XIX with an additional bank of torpedo tubes. These mountings were capable of 40° elevation and 340° of training. Curiously, 'X' mounting was shipped so that the blind 20° arc was across the stern, rather than the more logical forward position where fire was obscured by the bridge and masts anyway. This meant that they were unable to fire dead astern. With the tubes now pentad, a heavy load of 10 torpedoes Mk.IX were now carried. The A/A armament remained the same, comprised of a quadruple [[2-pounder gun|2 pdr gun Mark.VIII]] on mounting Mk.VII and a pair of quadruple [[Vickers machine gun|Vickers 0.5 in machine guns]], and was later to prove to be woefully inadequate. Fire control arrangements also differed from the Tribals, and the dedicated high-angle (H/A) rangefinder director was not fitted, instead only a 9 foot rangefinder was carried behind the usual destroyer director control tower (DCT). In the event, the rangefinder was heavily modified to allow it to control the main armament for A/A fire, and was known as the "3 man modified rangefinder".

The N class were ordered in 1940 as repeats of the J design, after delays and cost over-runs associated with the larger and more complicated [[L and M class destroyer|L and M class]]. The only design change was to mount the 'X' 4.7 inch mounting in the more logical position with the 20° training blindspot forward. While building, the same early wartime modifications as the Js and Ks were applied, with a pair of twin power-operated 0.5 in machine gun turrets briefly carried on the [[quarterdeck]] before being replaced by single 20 mm Oerlikons.

==Modifications==
In 1940 and 1941, to improve the [[anti-aircraft]] capabilities, all ships had their after torpedo tubes landed and replaced with a single [[QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun|4 inch gun QF Mark V]] on mounting HA Mark III. The useless multiple 0.5 inch machine guns were replaced with single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon guns]], with a further pair added abreast the searchlight platform amidships. The high-speed destroyer [[minesweeper (ship)|mine sweeps]] were replaced with a rack and two throwers for 45 depth charges and [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 286|Radar Type 286]] air warning was added at the masthead alongside [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 285|Type 285]] fire control on the H/A rangefinder-director.

In 1942 the 4 in gun was removed and the torpedoes returned to all surviving vessels. The 20 mm Oerlikon guns were replaced with twin mountings (except those on the quarterdeck) and [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 291|Radar Type 291]] replaced Type 286. ''Jervis'', ''Kelvin'', ''Nerissa'' and ''Norman'' had the searchlight replaced with the "lantern" for centimetric target indication [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 271|Radar Type 271]]; ''Javelin'' and ''Kimberley'' having the lighter [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 272|Type 272]] fitted at the truck of the foremast. ''Napier'', ''Nizam'' and ''Norseman'' (and later, ''Norman'') had American Radar SG1 fitted at the head of a new lattice foremast, ''Norman'' replacing her Type 271 set with a single 40 mm Bofors gun. By the end of the war, the surviving J and K ships carried a lattice mast with [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 293|Radar Type 293]] target indication at the truck and Type 291 air warning at the head.

==Service==
Being amongst the Royal Navy's most modern and powerful destroyers at the outbreak of war, they were heavily committed. As a result, losses were heavy and of 24 ships built, six J, six K and one N class were war losses.

==Ships==
* ‡ = flotilla leader
===J class===
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! [[Pennant number|Pennant<br />number]]
! Name
! width="20%" | Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="33%" | Fate
|-
| F00
| [[HMS Jervis (F00)|''Jervis'']] ‡
| [[Hawthorn Leslie & Company]], [[Hebburn]]
| [[1937-08-26]]
| [[1938-09-09]]
| [[1939-05-12]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F22
| [[HMS Jackal (F22)|''Jackal'']]
| [[John Brown & Company]], [[Clydebank]]
| [[1937-09-24]]
| [[1938-10-25]]
| [[1939-03-31]]
| Bombed off [[Mersa Matruh]] [[1942-05-11]] and torpedoed by ''Jervis'' following day
|-
| F34
| [[HMS Jaguar (F34)|''Jaguar'']]
| [[William Denny & Brothers]], [[Dumbarton]]
| [[1937-11-25]]
| [[1938-11-22]]
| [[1939-09-12]]
| Torpedoed by [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[U-boat]] [[Unterseeboot 652|''U.652'']] off [[Sollum]], [[1942-03-26]]
|-
| F46
| [[HMS Juno (F46)|''Juno'']]<br />(ex-''Jamaica'')
| [[Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company]], [[Govan]]
| [[1937-05-10]]
| [[1938-12-08]]
| [[1939-08-25]]
| Bombed and sunk south of [[Crete]], [[1941-05-21]]
|-
| F53
| [[HMS Janus (F53)|''Janus'']]
| [[Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson]], [[Wallsend]]
| [[1937-09-29]]
| [[1938-11-10]]
| [[1939-08-05]]
| Torpedoed and sunk off [[Anzio]] by German aircraft, [[1944-01-23]]
|-
| F61
| [[HMS Javelin (F61)|''Javelin'']]<br />(ex-''Kashmir'')
| John Brown
| [[1937-10-11]]
| [[1938-12-21]]
| [[1939-06-10]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F72
| [[HMS Jersey (F72)|''Jersey'']]
| [[J. Samuel White]], [[Cowes]]
| [[1937-09-20]]
| [[1938-09-26]]
| [[1939-04-28]]
| Mined off [[Valetta]] [[1941-05-02]], broke in 2 and sank 2 days later
|-
| F85
| [[HMS Jupiter (F85)|''Jupiter'']]
| [[Yarrow & Company]], [[Scotstoun]]
| [[1937-09-28]]
| [[1938-10-27]]
| [[1939-06-25]]
| Torpedoed in [[Java Sea]] by [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] destroyers, [[1942-02-27]] and sank following day
|-
| <center>-</center>
| ''Jubilant''
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| <center>-</center>
| Ordered [[1937-03-25]], cancelled December 1937<ref name="lenton"/>
|}

===K class===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Pennant<br />number
! Name
! width="15%" | Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="40%" | Fate
|-
| F01
| [[HMS Kelly (F01)|''Kelly'']] ‡
| Hawthorn Leslie
| [[1937-08-26]]
| [[1938-10-25]]
| [[1939-08-23]]
| Bombed by German aircraft and sunk south of Crete, [[1941-05-23]]
|-
| F28
| [[HMS Kandahar (F28)|''Kandahar'']]
| Denny
| [[1938-01-18]]
| [[1939-03-21]]
| [[1939-10-10]]
| Mined off [[Tripoli]] [[1941-12-19]] and sunk by gunfire from ''Jaguar'' following day
|-
| F12
| [[HMS Kashmir (F12)|''Kashmir'']]<br />(ex-''Javelin'')
| [[John I. Thornycroft & Company]], [[Woolston, Hampshire|Woolston]]
| [[1937-11-18]]
| [[1939-04-04]]
| [[1939-10-26]]
| Bombed by German aircraft and sunk south of Crete, [[1941-05-23]]
|-
| F37
| [[HMS Kelvin (F37)|''Kelvin'']]
| Fairfield
| [[1937-10-05]]
| [[1939-01-19]]
| [[1939-11-27]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F45
| [[HMS Khartoum (F45)|''Khartoum'']]
| Swan Hunter
| [[1937-10-27]]
| [[1939-02-06]]
| [[1939-11-06]]
| Damaged during sinking of Italian submarine [[Italian submarine Torricelli|''Torricelli'']] off [[Perim]], [[1940-06-23]]. Beached after internal explosion and written off as constructive total loss
|-
| F50
| [[HMS Kimberley (F50)|''Kimberley'']]
| Thornycroft
| [[1938-01-17]]
| [[1939-06-01]]
| [[1940-02-21]]
| Sold for scrapping 1949
|-
| F64
| [[HMS Kingston (F64)|''Kingston'']]
| White
| [[1937-10-06]]
| [[1939-01-09]]
| [[1939-09-14]]
|Seriously damaged by the [[Italian battleship Littorio|Italian battleship ''Littorio'']] during the [[Second Battle of Sirte]], [[1942-03-22]]. Later ([[1942-04-11]]) bombed by German aircraft while in dry dock in Valletta and written off as constructive total loss. Expended as blockship off Malta
|-
| F91
| [[HMS Kipling (F91)|''Kipling'']]
| Yarrow
| [[1937-10-26]]
| [[1939-01-19]]
| [[1939-12-22]]
| Bombed and sunk by German aircraft off Mersa Matruh, [[1942-05-11]]
|}

===N class===
Those N class of the Royal Australian Navy were manned by, and commissioned into, that force, but remained the property of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Pennant<br />number
! Name
! Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="45%" | Fate
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] [[Image:Naval Jack of the Netherlands.svg|25px]]
|-
| G84
| [[HMS Noble (G84)|''Noble'']]
| Denny
| [[1939-07-10]]
| [[1941-04-17]]
| [[1942-02-20]]
| To the Netherlands as [[HNLMS Van Galen (G84)|''Van Galen'']] 1942, sold for scrapping 1957
|-
| G16
| [[HMS Nonpareil (G16)|''Nonpareil'']]
| Denny
| [[1940-05-22]]
| [[1941-06-25]]
| [[1942-10-30]]
| To Netherlands as [[HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes (G16)|''Tjerk Hiddes'']] 1942. To [[Indonesian Navy|Indonesia]] as ''Gadjah Mada'' 1951, sold for scrapping 1961
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Royal Australian Navy]] [[Image:Flag of Australia.svg|25px]]
|-
| G97
| [[HMAS Napier (G97)|''Napier'']] ‡
| Fairfield
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-05-22]]
| [[1940-12-11]]
| Sold for scrapping 1945
|-
| G02
| [[HMAS Nestor (G02)|''Nestor'']]
| Fairfield
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-07-09]]
| [[1941-02-12]]
| Bombed by Italian aircraft [[1942-06-15]] and sunk by depth charges from ''Javelin''
|-
| G38
| [[HMAS Nizam (G38)|''Nizam'']]
| John Brown
| [[1939-07-27]]
| [[1940-07-04]]
| [[1940-12-19]]
| Sold for scrapping 1955
|-
| G49
| [[HMAS Norman (G49)|''Norman'']]
| Thornycroft
| [[1939-07-27]]
| [[1940-10-30]]
| [[1941-09-29]]
| Sold for scrapping 1958
|-
| G25
| [[HMAS Nepal (G25)|''Nepal'']]<br />(ex-''Norseman'')
| Thornycroft
| [[1939-09-09]]
| [[1941-12-04]]
| [[1942-05-29]]
| Sold for scrapping 1955
|-
! colspan=7 align="center" | [[Polish Navy]] [[Image:Naval Ensign of Poland.svg|25px]]
|-
| G65
| [[HMS Nerissa (G65)|''Nerissa'']]
| John Brown
| [[1939-07-26]]
| [[1940-05-07]]
| [[1941-02-12]]
| To Poland as [[ORP Piorun (G65)|''Piorun'']] 1940, returned as HMS ''Noble'' 1946, sold for scrapping 1955
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{Commons|Category:J, K and N class destroyer}}
{{J, K and N class destroyer}}
{{WWIIBritishShips}}

[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:J, K and N class destroyers| ]]

[[it:Classi J, K e N (cacciatorpediniere)]]
[[pl:Niszczyciele typu N]]

Angelo Iachino

2008-04-09T18:35:02Z

79.139.42.5: pl:Angelo Iachino

'''Angelo Iachino''' (auch "Angelo Jachino", * 4. April [[1889]] in [[San Remo]]; † 3. Dezember [[1976]] in [[Rom]]) war ein italienischer [[Admiral]]. Im [[Zweiter Weltkrieg|Zweiten Weltkrieg]] führte er in der [[Seeschlacht bei Kap Teulada]] ein Kreuzergeschwader, 1941/42 war er [[Befehlshaber]] der italienischen Flotte. Sein Vorgänger als Flottenchef war Admiral [[Inigo Campioni]], sein Nachfolger Admiral [[Carlo Bergamini]]. Iachino schied [[1954]] aus dem aktiven Dienst aus.

Nach dem Krieg schrieb er mehrere Bücher, u.a.:

* ''Gaudo e Matapan'' (1946)
* ''Le due Sirti'' (1953)
* ''Tramonto di una grande marina'' (1959)
* ''La campagna navale di Lissa 1866'' (1966)
* ''Il punto su Matapan'' (1969)

==Siehe auch==
* [[Italienische Marineverbände im Zweiten Weltkrieg]]
* [[Schlacht bei Kap Matapan]]
* [[Erstes Seegefecht im Golf von Syrte]]
* [[Zweites Seegefecht im Golf von Syrte]]
* [[Italienische Marine]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iachino, Angelo}}
[[Kategorie:Italiener]]
[[Kategorie:Militärperson (Italien)]]
[[Kategorie:Militärperson (Regia Marina)]]
[[Kategorie:Person im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Italien)]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1889]]
[[Kategorie:Gestorben 1976]]
[[Kategorie:Mann]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=Iachino, Angelo
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=italienischer Admiral
|GEBURTSDATUM=4. April 1889
|GEBURTSORT=San Remo
|STERBEDATUM=3. Dezember 1976
|STERBEORT=Rom
}}

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[[sr:Анђело Јакино]]