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2017-04-01T15:45:33Z

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[[File:University of Sydney Main Quadrangle.jpg|thumb|250px|Quadrangle of [[University of Sydney]]]]
[[File:Wadham College Front Quad October 2009.jpg|thumb|250px|Front quad, [[Wadham College, Oxford]]]]
[[File:Mob Quad from Chapel Tower.jpg|thumb|250px|An aerial view of Mob Quad, [[Merton College, Oxford]]]]
[[File:University-College-Cork-Panorama-2012.JPG|right|thumb|250px|The [[University College Cork]] quadrangle]]

In [[architecture]], a '''quadrangle''' (or colloquially, a '''quad''') is a space or [[courtyard]], usually rectangular (square or oblong) in plan, the sides of which are entirely or mainly occupied by parts of a large building (or several smaller buildings). The word is probably most closely associated with [[college]] or [[university]] [[campus]] architecture, but quadrangles may be found in other buildings such as [[palace]]s. Most quadrangles are open-air, while a few have been roofed over (often with glass), to provide additional space for social meeting areas or coffee shops for students.

The word ''quadrangle'' was originally synonymous with ''[[quadrilateral]]'', but this usage is now relatively uncommon.<ref>"Quadrangle, ''n.''" Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50193968 OED Online Oxford University Press]. 29 June 2006.</ref>

Some modern quadrangles resemble [[cloister]] gardens of [[medieval]] [[abbey|monasteries]], called ''garths'', which were usually square or rectangular, enclosed by covered [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]] or [[cloister]]s. However, it is clear from the oldest examples (such as [[Mob Quad]]) which are plain and unadorned with arcades, that the medieval colleges at Oxford and Cambridge were creating practical accommodation for college members. Grander quadrangles that look like cloisters came later, once the idea of a college was well established and benefactors or founders wished to create more monumental buildings.<ref>See the references at [[Mob Quad]]</ref>

In North America, [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s design for the [[University of Virginia]] centered the housing and academic buildings in a [[Palladian]] form around three sides of [[the Lawn]], a huge grassy expanse. Later, some American college and university planners imitated the Jeffersonian plan, the [[Oxbridge]] idea, [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] forms, and other models. The [[University of Chicago]]'s Gothic campus is also notable for its innovative use of quadrangles.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} All five barracks at [[The Citadel (military college)]] feature quadrangles with red-and-white squares (the colors of the South Carolina battle flag), which are used for formations by the Corps of Cadets.

Quadrangles are also found in traditional [[Kerala]] houses ([[Naalukettu]]) and is known as the ''Nadumittam'' ("Middle Space").<ref>[http://www.namboothiri.com/articles/illam-photos.htm Namboothiri.com] </ref>

==Notable quadrangles==

*[[William J. Stratton]], [[Southern Illinois University Edwardsville]]
*[[David R. Francis Quadrangle]], [[University of Missouri]]
*[[Campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign#Main Quad|Main Quad]], [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign|University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]
*[[Woodburn Circle]], [[West Virginia University]]
*[[Blue Boar Quadrangle]]
*[[David R. Francis Quadrangle]], [[University of Missouri]]
*[[Memorial Quadrangle]]
*The [[Aula Maxima, Galway|Aula Maxima]] at [[NUI Galway]] is informally known by this title
*[[Mob Quad]] in [[Merton College, Oxford]] is one of the oldest quads in existence.
*[[Peckwater Quadrangle]]
*[[Parliament Square]], [[Trinity College, Dublin]]
*[[Quadrangle (Harvard)|The Quad]], [[Harvard University]]
*[[The Green (Dartmouth College)|The Dartmouth Green]]
*[[University_of_Chicago#Campus|Main Quadrangles]] (among many other quads), [[University of Chicago]]
*[[Quadrangle (Springfield, Massachusetts)|The Quadrangle]], [[Springfield, Massachusetts]]
*[[Radcliffe Quadrangle]], [[University College, Oxford]]
*[[Schenley Quadrangle]], [[University of Pittsburgh]]
*[[Bascom Hill]], [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]
*[[Tom Quad]]
*[[Padmanabhapuram Palace]]
*[[University of Alabama Quad]]
*[[UCL_Main_Building#Quad|The Quad]], [[University College London]]
*[[Founder's Building]], [[Royal Holloway College, London]]
*[[The Diag]], [[University of Michigan]]
*[[Buckingham Palace]], [[London]], [[England]]
*[[St. Thomas Residential School]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[India]]
*[[Sunken Garden (Virginia)|Sunken Garden]], [[College of William & Mary]]
*[[The Lawn]], [[University of Virginia]]
* [[Old College, University of Edinburgh]]
*[[Dahlgren Quadrangle]], [[Georgetown University]]
*[[South Quad]], [[University of Notre Dame]]

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|quadrangle}}
*[[Siheyuan]]
*[[Nalukettu]]
*[[Haveli]], a form of classical architecture from South Asia & Persia, which incorporates a quad for cooling ventilation in the hot climate, and the private enjoyment of the open sky by residents, in a very modest culture

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Architectural elements]]
[[Category:Courtyards|*Quadrangle (architecture)]]
[[Category:University and college buildings]]
[[Category:Campuses]]

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Geviert (Architektur)