Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten

2006-11-12T22:11:35Z

66.117.135.137: /* Historical Criticism */

{{Infobox Film |
name = Dazed and Confused |
image = DazedandConfusedmoviecover.jpg |
caption = ''Dazed and Confused'' movie poster |
imdb_id = 0106677 |
writer = Richard Linklater |
starring = [[Jason London]] [[Matthew McConaughey]] [[Ben Affleck]] [[Milla Jovovich]] [[Rory Cochrane]] [[Parker Posey]] [[Cole Hauser]] [[Joey Lauren Adams]] |
director = [[Richard Linklater]] |
producer = Sean Daniel James Jacks Richard Linklater |
distributor = [[Universal Studios]] [[Gramercy Pictures]] |
released = [[September 24]], [[1993]] |
runtime = 102 min |
language = English |
music = |
awards = Golden Leopard nomination |
budget = 
}}

:''For the UK style magazine, see [[Dazed & Confused (magazine)]]''
:''For the [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Jake Holmes]] song see [[Dazed and Confused]]''

'''''Dazed and Confused''''' is a 1993 [[United States|American]] [[film]] written and directed by [[Richard Linklater]]. The movie's large ensemble cast featured a number of future stars.

The movie tells the stories of the last day of school in May 1976 in a [[Texas]] suburb. It was shot on location in [[Austin, Texas]]. (However the film's setting is an unspecified [[Texas]] town with an uncanny resemblance to [[Huntsville, Texas]], where Linklater grew up. Another speculation is that the setting may be in a fictonal suburb of Austin or [[Houston]].) The camera dips in and out of the lives of a variety of students at the school, rather than focusing on a single individual—in a manner reminiscent of, but less extreme than, Linklater's earlier film ''[[Slacker (film)|Slacker]]'', which was likewise shot on location in Austin.

The film took in less than $8 million at the box office, but in recent years has achieved [[cult film]] status, particularly on U.S. college campuses. [[Quentin Tarantino]] included it on his list of the twelve greatest films of all time in voting in the 2002 ''[[Sight and Sound]]'' [http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=Quentin&surname=Tarantino poll].

A two-disc [[Criterion Collection]] boxed-set edition was released on [[June 6]], [[2006]] in the USA and Canada only. The set has many extras, including a 72-page book on the film and the 50 minute "Making of Dazed" documentary that aired on the [[American Movie Classics]] channel on September 18, 2005. A different book (also titled ''Dazed and Confused'') containing the screenplay, interviews, and writing about the film was published by St. Martin's Press in 1993.

==Plot summary==
The film paid considerable attention to period and locational detail, mostly the cars, clothing, slang and music of the time, the soundtrack featuring rock staples of the era and fads like [[citizens' band radio]]. It also occasionally featured a sense of melancholy, the belief of having "missed out" by several years on the monumental events of the turbulent late 1960s.

The film's lack of conventional narrative structure and undemonized depiction of [[marijuana]] use have associated it somewhat with "[[Stoner (cannabis)|stoner]]" culture.

"Dazed and Confused" has been compared to ''[[American Graffiti]]'' in its loosely-structured depiction of one night in the lives of a group of high school students.

The film is believed to have helped kick off the 70's revival during the 90's, including the spread of 70's-style fashions and music, similar to the 50's revival that 'American Graffiti' inspired during the 70's.

{{spoiler}}
As the movie begins, the last day of school at a high school is beginning. Most of the main characters are introduced during this time. One of the characters is Randall "Pink" Floyd (a reference to popular progressive rock band [[Pink Floyd]]), played by [[Jason London]], a star [[American football|football]] player who hangs around with not only the jocks but also with members of the two other [[clique]]s at the school, stoners and nerds. Randall thus serves as a link connecting all of the school's different social groups.

The last day of school proceeds with regular classes but the soon-to-be-senior class (Class of 1977) is more interested in getting ready for the annual [[hazing]] of the incoming freshman class, which will take place after school. The boys spend the day making [[paddle]]s in shop class, the girls buy groceries which will be used for the hazing. In the film, the hazing is depicted as a ritualized event that has the support of the town (a local concession stand is even opened for the event). Boys and girls have different hazing rituals; freshman boys are chased and paddled when caught, freshman girls have food poured on them, do "air raid" drills, and then have to propose marriage to boys in the senior class.

Mitch Kramer ([[Wiley Wiggins]]), one of the incoming freshmen, is a pitcher on his [[baseball]] team and he is singled out for hazing by the seniors, who wait for him after a late afternoon baseball game. Among the seniors there is Randall "Pink" Floyd; perhaps because Pink is a star quarterback and Kramer is a starting pitcher, Pink sees Kramer as following in his footsteps as one of the school's top athletes, and invites him to tag along to party for the rest of the evening. An interesting note is that Mitch and Randall were both leaving youth baseball leagues when they got their first licks by seniors during the summer before high school. The similarities between Mitch and Randall's lives and their hazing events have led some to theorize that the movie is really about the same person experiencing the same event from different perspectives/times in his life. {{fact}}

Another subplot involves the coaches introducing a new policy for the upcoming 1976-77 school year in which athletes have to sign a written pledge that they will not use [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] or [[Illegal drug trade|illegal drugs]]. Pink refuses to sign the pledge sheet. The coach berates Randall Floyd for hanging out with "that other crowd" (referring to his [[stoner]] friends) and Floyd takes offense to it.

After the hazing is over, a night of partying begins. One of the students, marijuana dealer Kevin Pickford, was planning on holding a [[party]] at the home of his parents. They had been planning on leaving town that day for a [[vacation]]. A truck delivering kegs of [[beer]] for the party arrives early before his parents have left and they find out about the party, quickly cancelling their vacation. Through the rest of the movie, various characters arrive at the home prepared for the party (some brandishing [[bong]]s and other [[drug paraphernalia]]) only to be met by Pickford's parents.

The party thus cancelled, the kids head downtown to a pool hall called the Emporium. Kramer is sent to buy beer at a [[convenience store]] even though he is only a 14-year-old freshman. The movie conspicuously shows the much more relaxed attitudes toward both teenage alcohol consumption and driving with open beer containers at the time; Kramer can easily buy beer as the lawful Texas drinking age at the time was 18 and even that was lightly enforced. Afterward, a victim of the boys' [[mailbox baseball]], suggested as disgruntled or intoxicated, confronts them with a gun and the threat of calling the police. Jarred by the event, the boys tear off in their car as the man fires bullets haphazardly in the general direction of where they had sped.

Also at the Emporium, Wooderson ([[Matthew McConnaughey]]) is introduced. He is apparently well past his own high school graduation but still hangs around with the current students but they seem to look up to him (This is probably because of his ability to throw beer bust parties and get concert tickets) and is mostly interested in smoking marijuana and chasing the younger girls. One of his notable quotes on the subject follows: "That's what I love about those high school girls, man... I get older...they stay the same age. Yes they do."

A few freshmen have endured a particularly brutal hazing at the hands of one of the seniors, O'Bannion ([[Ben Affleck]]), and they plot their revenge by luring O'Bannion outside of the Emporium and dumping paint on him. Throughout the movie, O'Bannion is noted even by his fellow seniors as an overbearing, abusive person who goes too far with his hazings. It is noted that O'Bannion is going through his senior year for a second time due to failure during his first, making sure that his overall immaturity is his most poignant characteristic.

After the Emporium, the kids head for an all-night, Wooderson-organized keg party at the "moontower." This is a reference to the [[moonlight towers]] a series of Austin, Texas landmarks.

Other activities depicted in the film include cruising the streets, [[mailbox baseball]], the use of the public address function of [[CB radio]], and [[foosball]]. The film goes into great detail showing prices of the time such as rising [[gasoline]] and [[cigarette]] prices, social issues, clothing styles and music popular in 1976, and other popular culture references ranging from [[syndication]] [[reruns]] of ''[[Gilligan's Island]]'' and ''[[Star Trek]]'' to the [[American Bicentennial]].

==Historical Criticism==

With respect to time, 1976 was a local minimum for the number of births in the United States, births having declined almost every year since 1960 (see [[baby boom]]). This created a demographic effect where, starting from the 16-year-olds, the population of each successively younger age-group decreased. In this context, Mike's monologue on a sense of anti-climactic preparation reflects the slackening competition for resources produced by this demographic effect.

==Main cast==
{| class="wikitable"
! Actor || Role
|-
| [[Jason London]] || Randall "Pink" Floyd
|-
| [[Matthew McConaughey]] || David Wooderson
|-
| [[Sasha Jenson]] || Don Dawson
|-
| [[Shawn Andrews (actor)|Shawn Andrews]] || Kevin Pickford
|-
| [[Ben Affleck]] || Fred O'Bannion
|-
| [[Milla Jovovich]] || Michelle Burroughs
|-
| [[Rory Cochrane]] || Ron Slater
|-
| [[Anthony Rapp]] || Tony Olson
|-
| [[Wiley Wiggins]] || Mitch Kramer
|-
| [[Adam Goldberg]] || Mike Newhouse
|-
| [[Marissa Ribisi]] || Cynthia Dunn
|-
| [[Cole Hauser]] || Benny O'Donnell
|-
| [[Joey Lauren Adams]] || Simone Kerr
|-
| [[Michelle Burke]] || Jodi Kramer
|-
| [[Christin Hinojosa]] || Sabrina Davis
|-
| [[Parker Posey]] || Darla Marks
|-
| [[Catherine Avril Morris]] || Julie Simms
|-
| [[Deena Martin]] || Shavonne Wright
|-
| [[Esteban Powell]] || Carl Burnett
|-
| [[Nicky Katt]] || Clint Bruno
|}

==Trivia==
{{toomuchtrivia}}
* [[Renée Zellweger]] has an uncredited appearance in this movie.
* [[Edgar Winter]], famous for writing 70s and 80s hit songs such as Frankenstein and Free Ride, also has an uncredited role in the movie.
* The word "man" is said 185 times in the movie.
* All the wooden paddles were designed by the cast members themselves.
* The infamous paddle-smacking sequence was re-enacted in [[Family Guy]]. Chris Griffin gets smacked by Adam West, while cartoon versions of Pink, Melvin, and Don react in the same manner as the original scene when Mitch Kramer is given his hazing, complete with the background music ("No More Mr. Nice Guy" by Alice Cooper).
* Another Family Guy re-enactment occurs in the episode '8 Simple Rules for Buying My Teenage Daughter' where [[Brian Griffin]] is portrayed as Matthew McConaughey's character and repeats his line about high school girls.
* Family Guy makes yet another reference to the film when, after the Griffin family drives off, the Evil Monkey sits on his bed, puts on headphones playing "[[Slow Ride]]" by [[Foghat]], and rolls a joint.
* The [[beer]] drank by most of the cast was real beer, although the minors and Jason London refused to drink it.
* Matthew McConaughey's production company's name, [[JKL Productions]], comes from Wooderson's life [[motto]]: 'Just Keep Livin'.
* Pink's [[belt (clothing)|belt]] [[buckle]] is really a [[smoking pipe|pipe]]. He even sneaks a hit of marijuana while standing with Mitch outside of the Emporium.
* The song that Milla Jovovich plays on her guitar is an excerpt from "The Alien Song" from her 1994 album ''[[The Divine Comedy (album)|The Divine Comedy]]''.
* There are several drinking games associated with watching ''Dazed and Confused''. Most involve participants having to drink whenever the word "dude" or "man" is said by any character, during any drug reference at all, every time [[Parker Posey]]'s chartacter says "Bitch," every time [[Wiley Wiggins]] character touches his nose, as well as other such events.
* The people who claimed to be the basis for Slater, Wooderson, and Floyd all unsuccessfully sued Director Linklater in 2004 for defamation.
* The school the characters attend, called [[Lee High School]], was actually Bedichek Middle School in South [[Austin, TX]].
** Bedichek Middle School is located at 6800 Bill Hughes Rd. Austin, TX 78745
* The Top Notch [http://www.austin360.com/xl/content/restaurants/xl/2005/07/topnotch_07-07-05.html] burger joint shown in the film is located at 7525 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78757
*The movie [[Grind (2003 film)|''Grind'']] parodies Matthew McConaughey's character, complete with the line about high school girls. Jason London and Sasha Jenson also have roles in the movie.
*During the scene where Ben Affleck's character smashes his hazing paddle, he broke his ankle when the paddle struck it. He finished the scene but was absent from the rest of the movie due to the injury.
*[[Ben Affleck]] and [[Joey Lauren Adams]] reunite on screen two years later in [[Kevin Smith|Kevin Smith's]] film ''[[Mallrats]]''. Coincidentally, the star of the film was [[Jeremy London]], [[Jason London|Jason London's]] twin brother.
*The pinball machine in the Emporium can be seen in some of Richard Linklater's other films including ''[[Waking Life]]''.
*This movie ranked number 3 on [[Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly's]] list of the [http://www.ew.com/ew/report/0,6115,1532588_1_0_,00.html 50 Best High School Movies].
*The movie cover resembles a cover used for the movie Day of the Dead.

==External links==
{{wikiquotepar|Dazed and Confused}}
*{{imdb title|id=0106677|title=Dazed and Confused}}
*{{rotten-tomatoes|id=dazed_and_confused|title=Dazed and Confused}}
*[http://www.criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=336&eid=476&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Kent Jones]
*[http://www.criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=336&eid=477&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Jim DeRogatis]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A45614-2004Dec7.html Bummer, Man] - Washington Post article on Wooderson, Slater and Floyd suing Linklater for "defamation" and "negligent infliction of emotional distress".
*[http://www.dazed-and-confused.net/ dazed-and-confused.net]
*[http://www.thelostmovies.com/Dazed_and_Confused.html dazed and confused review]
*[http://www.damox.com/entertainment/fansite_dazed_and_confused.htm Fan site]
*[http://www.fbi945movies.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=143918 Radio Interview with Richard Linklater from FBi 94.5 Sydney Australia]

*There is a popular message board that cast and crew have been members of in the past and present: [http://movies.groups.yahoo.com/group/the_moontower/]

{{Richard Linklater}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Comedy films]]
[[Category:Drama films]]
[[Category:Cult films]]
[[Category:Teen films]]
[[Category:Teen comedy films]]
[[Category:Coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Period films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:Independent films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Richard Linklater]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Drug-related films]]

[[de:Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten]]
[[it:La vita è un sogno]]
[[pl:Uczniowska balanga]]
[[ru:Под кайфом в смятении (фильм)]]

Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten

2006-11-12T08:47:00Z

66.117.135.137: /* Historical Criticism */

{{Infobox Film |
name = Dazed and Confused |
image = DazedandConfusedmoviecover.jpg |
caption = ''Dazed and Confused'' movie poster |
imdb_id = 0106677 |
writer = Richard Linklater |
starring = [[Jason London]] [[Matthew McConaughey]] [[Ben Affleck]] [[Milla Jovovich]] [[Rory Cochrane]] [[Parker Posey]] [[Cole Hauser]] [[Joey Lauren Adams]] |
director = [[Richard Linklater]] |
producer = Sean Daniel James Jacks Richard Linklater |
distributor = [[Universal Studios]] [[Gramercy Pictures]] |
released = [[September 24]], [[1993]] |
runtime = 102 min |
language = English |
music = |
awards = Golden Leopard nomination |
budget = 
}}

:''For the UK style magazine, see [[Dazed & Confused (magazine)]]''
:''For the [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Jake Holmes]] song see [[Dazed and Confused]]''

'''''Dazed and Confused''''' is a 1993 [[United States|American]] [[film]] written and directed by [[Richard Linklater]]. The movie's large ensemble cast featured a number of future stars.

The movie tells the stories of the last day of school in May 1976 in a [[Texas]] suburb. It was shot on location in [[Austin, Texas]]. (However the film's setting is an unspecified [[Texas]] town with an uncanny resemblance to [[Huntsville, Texas]], where Linklater grew up. Another speculation is that the setting may be in a fictonal suburb of Austin or [[Houston]].) The camera dips in and out of the lives of a variety of students at the school, rather than focusing on a single individual—in a manner reminiscent of, but less extreme than, Linklater's earlier film ''[[Slacker (film)|Slacker]]'', which was likewise shot on location in Austin.

The film took in less than $8 million at the box office, but in recent years has achieved [[cult film]] status, particularly on U.S. college campuses. [[Quentin Tarantino]] included it on his list of the twelve greatest films of all time in voting in the 2002 ''[[Sight and Sound]]'' [http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=Quentin&surname=Tarantino poll].

A two-disc [[Criterion Collection]] boxed-set edition was released on [[June 6]], [[2006]] in the USA and Canada only. The set has many extras, including a 72-page book on the film and the 50 minute "Making of Dazed" documentary that aired on the [[American Movie Classics]] channel on September 18, 2005. A different book (also titled ''Dazed and Confused'') containing the screenplay, interviews, and writing about the film was published by St. Martin's Press in 1993.

==Plot summary==
The film paid considerable attention to period and locational detail, mostly the cars, clothing, slang and music of the time, the soundtrack featuring rock staples of the era and fads like [[citizens' band radio]]. It also occasionally featured a sense of melancholy, the belief of having "missed out" by several years on the monumental events of the turbulent late 1960s.

The film's lack of conventional narrative structure and undemonized depiction of [[marijuana]] use have associated it somewhat with "[[Stoner (cannabis)|stoner]]" culture.

"Dazed and Confused" has been compared to ''[[American Graffiti]]'' in its loosely-structured depiction of one night in the lives of a group of high school students.

The film is believed to have helped kick off the 70's revival during the 90's, including the spread of 70's-style fashions and music, similar to the 50's revival that 'American Graffiti' inspired during the 70's.

{{spoiler}}
As the movie begins, the last day of school at a high school is beginning. Most of the main characters are introduced during this time. One of the characters is Randall "Pink" Floyd (a reference to popular progressive rock band [[Pink Floyd]]), played by [[Jason London]], a star [[American football|football]] player who hangs around with not only the jocks but also with members of the two other [[clique]]s at the school, stoners and nerds. Randall thus serves as a link connecting all of the school's different social groups.

The last day of school proceeds with regular classes but the soon-to-be-senior class (Class of 1977) is more interested in getting ready for the annual [[hazing]] of the incoming freshman class, which will take place after school. The boys spend the day making [[paddle]]s in shop class, the girls buy groceries which will be used for the hazing. In the film, the hazing is depicted as a ritualized event that has the support of the town (a local concession stand is even opened for the event). Boys and girls have different hazing rituals; freshman boys are chased and paddled when caught, freshman girls have food poured on them, do "air raid" drills, and then have to propose marriage to boys in the senior class.

Mitch Kramer ([[Wiley Wiggins]]), one of the incoming freshmen, is a pitcher on his [[baseball]] team and he is singled out for hazing by the seniors, who wait for him after a late afternoon baseball game. Among the seniors there is Randall "Pink" Floyd; perhaps because Pink is a star quarterback and Kramer is a starting pitcher, Pink sees Kramer as following in his footsteps as one of the school's top athletes, and invites him to tag along to party for the rest of the evening. An interesting note is that Mitch and Randall were both leaving youth baseball leagues when they got their first licks by seniors during the summer before high school. The similarities between Mitch and Randall's lives and their hazing events have led some to theorize that the movie is really about the same person experiencing the same event from different perspectives/times in his life. {{fact}}

Another subplot involves the coaches introducing a new policy for the upcoming 1976-77 school year in which athletes have to sign a written pledge that they will not use [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] or [[Illegal drug trade|illegal drugs]]. Pink refuses to sign the pledge sheet. The coach berates Randall Floyd for hanging out with "that other crowd" (referring to his [[stoner]] friends) and Floyd takes offense to it.

After the hazing is over, a night of partying begins. One of the students, marijuana dealer Kevin Pickford, was planning on holding a [[party]] at the home of his parents. They had been planning on leaving town that day for a [[vacation]]. A truck delivering kegs of [[beer]] for the party arrives early before his parents have left and they find out about the party, quickly cancelling their vacation. Through the rest of the movie, various characters arrive at the home prepared for the party (some brandishing [[bong]]s and other [[drug paraphernalia]]) only to be met by Pickford's parents.

The party thus cancelled, the kids head downtown to a pool hall called the Emporium. Kramer is sent to buy beer at a [[convenience store]] even though he is only a 14-year-old freshman. The movie conspicuously shows the much more relaxed attitudes toward both teenage alcohol consumption and driving with open beer containers at the time; Kramer can easily buy beer as the lawful Texas drinking age at the time was 18 and even that was lightly enforced. Afterward, a victim of the boys' [[mailbox baseball]], suggested as disgruntled or intoxicated, confronts them with a gun and the threat of calling the police. Jarred by the event, the boys tear off in their car as the man fires bullets haphazardly in the general direction of where they had sped.

Also at the Emporium, Wooderson ([[Matthew McConnaughey]]) is introduced. He is apparently well past his own high school graduation but still hangs around with the current students but they seem to look up to him (This is probably because of his ability to throw beer bust parties and get concert tickets) and is mostly interested in smoking marijuana and chasing the younger girls. One of his notable quotes on the subject follows: "That's what I love about those high school girls, man... I get older...they stay the same age. Yes they do."

A few freshmen have endured a particularly brutal hazing at the hands of one of the seniors, O'Bannion ([[Ben Affleck]]), and they plot their revenge by luring O'Bannion outside of the Emporium and dumping paint on him. Throughout the movie, O'Bannion is noted even by his fellow seniors as an overbearing, abusive person who goes too far with his hazings. It is noted that O'Bannion is going through his senior year for a second time due to failure during his first, making sure that his overall immaturity is his most poignant characteristic.

After the Emporium, the kids head for an all-night, Wooderson-organized keg party at the "moontower." This is a reference to the [[moonlight towers]] a series of Austin, Texas landmarks.

Other activities depicted in the film include cruising the streets, [[mailbox baseball]], the use of the public address function of [[CB radio]], and [[foosball]]. The film goes into great detail showing prices of the time such as rising [[gasoline]] and [[cigarette]] prices, social issues, clothing styles and music popular in 1976, and other popular culture references ranging from [[syndication]] [[reruns]] of ''[[Gilligan's Island]]'' and ''[[Star Trek]]'' to the [[American Bicentennial]].

==Historical Criticism==

With respect to time, 1976 was a local minimum for the number of births in the United States, births having declined almost every year since 1960 (see [[baby boom]]). This created a demographic effect where, starting from the 16-year-olds, the population of each successively younger age-group decreased. Although fictional, Dazed and Confused records some of the social effects of this demographic trend, such as increased recreational drug use and sexual activity among teenagers (see [[1970s]]). It is not clear whether these two archetypal components of teen movies were accentuated for the sake of historical accuracy or as an artistic choice. In this context, Mike's monologue on a sense of anti-climactic preparation reflects the demographic reality that competition for resources was declining (causing a corresponding decrease in evolutionary pressure).

==Main cast==
{| class="wikitable"
! Actor || Role
|-
| [[Jason London]] || Randall "Pink" Floyd
|-
| [[Matthew McConaughey]] || David Wooderson
|-
| [[Sasha Jenson]] || Don Dawson
|-
| [[Shawn Andrews (actor)|Shawn Andrews]] || Kevin Pickford
|-
| [[Ben Affleck]] || Fred O'Bannion
|-
| [[Milla Jovovich]] || Michelle Burroughs
|-
| [[Rory Cochrane]] || Ron Slater
|-
| [[Anthony Rapp]] || Tony Olson
|-
| [[Wiley Wiggins]] || Mitch Kramer
|-
| [[Adam Goldberg]] || Mike Newhouse
|-
| [[Marissa Ribisi]] || Cynthia Dunn
|-
| [[Cole Hauser]] || Benny O'Donnell
|-
| [[Joey Lauren Adams]] || Simone Kerr
|-
| [[Michelle Burke]] || Jodi Kramer
|-
| [[Christin Hinojosa]] || Sabrina Davis
|-
| [[Parker Posey]] || Darla Marks
|-
| [[Catherine Avril Morris]] || Julie Simms
|-
| [[Deena Martin]] || Shavonne Wright
|-
| [[Esteban Powell]] || Carl Burnett
|-
| [[Nicky Katt]] || Clint Bruno
|}

==Trivia==
{{toomuchtrivia}}
* [[Renée Zellweger]] has an uncredited appearance in this movie.
* [[Edgar Winter]], famous for writing 70s and 80s hit songs such as Frankenstein and Free Ride, also has an uncredited role in the movie.
* The word "man" is said 185 times in the movie.
* All the wooden paddles were designed by the cast members themselves.
* The infamous paddle-smacking sequence was re-enacted in [[Family Guy]]. Chris Griffin gets smacked by Adam West, while cartoon versions of Pink, Melvin, and Don react in the same manner as the original scene when Mitch Kramer is given his hazing, complete with the background music ("No More Mr. Nice Guy" by Alice Cooper).
* Another Family Guy re-enactment occurs in the episode '8 Simple Rules for Buying My Teenage Daughter' where [[Brian Griffin]] is portrayed as Matthew McConaughey's character and repeats his line about high school girls.
* Family Guy makes yet another reference to the film when, after the Griffin family drives off, the Evil Monkey sits on his bed, puts on headphones playing "[[Slow Ride]]" by [[Foghat]], and rolls a joint.
* The [[beer]] drank by most of the cast was real beer, although the minors and Jason London refused to drink it.
* Matthew McConaughey's production company's name, [[JKL Productions]], comes from Wooderson's life [[motto]]: 'Just Keep Livin'.
* Pink's [[belt (clothing)|belt]] [[buckle]] is really a [[smoking pipe|pipe]]. He even sneaks a hit of marijuana while standing with Mitch outside of the Emporium.
* The song that Milla Jovovich plays on her guitar is an excerpt from "The Alien Song" from her 1994 album ''[[The Divine Comedy (album)|The Divine Comedy]]''.
* There are several drinking games associated with watching ''Dazed and Confused''. Most involve participants having to drink whenever the word "dude" or "man" is said by any character, during any drug reference at all, every time [[Parker Posey]]'s chartacter says "Bitch," every time [[Wiley Wiggins]] character touches his nose, as well as other such events.
* The people who claimed to be the basis for Slater, Wooderson, and Floyd all unsuccessfully sued Director Linklater in 2004 for defamation.
* The school the characters attend, called [[Lee High School]], was actually Bedichek Middle School in South [[Austin, TX]].
** Bedichek Middle School is located at 6800 Bill Hughes Rd. Austin, TX 78745
* The Top Notch [http://www.austin360.com/xl/content/restaurants/xl/2005/07/topnotch_07-07-05.html] burger joint shown in the film is located at 7525 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78757
*The movie [[Grind (2003 film)|''Grind'']] parodies Matthew McConaughey's character, complete with the line about high school girls. Jason London and Sasha Jenson also have roles in the movie.
*During the scene where Ben Affleck's character smashes his hazing paddle, he broke his ankle when the paddle struck it. He finished the scene but was absent from the rest of the movie due to the injury.
*[[Ben Affleck]] and [[Joey Lauren Adams]] reunite on screen two years later in [[Kevin Smith|Kevin Smith's]] film ''[[Mallrats]]''. Coincidentally, the star of the film was [[Jeremy London]], [[Jason London|Jason London's]] twin brother.
*The pinball machine in the Emporium can be seen in some of Richard Linklater's other films including ''[[Waking Life]]''.
*This movie ranked number 3 on [[Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly's]] list of the [http://www.ew.com/ew/report/0,6115,1532588_1_0_,00.html 50 Best High School Movies].
*The movie cover resembles a cover used for the movie Day of the Dead.

==External links==
{{wikiquotepar|Dazed and Confused}}
*{{imdb title|id=0106677|title=Dazed and Confused}}
*{{rotten-tomatoes|id=dazed_and_confused|title=Dazed and Confused}}
*[http://www.criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=336&eid=476&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Kent Jones]
*[http://www.criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=336&eid=477&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Jim DeRogatis]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A45614-2004Dec7.html Bummer, Man] - Washington Post article on Wooderson, Slater and Floyd suing Linklater for "defamation" and "negligent infliction of emotional distress".
*[http://www.dazed-and-confused.net/ dazed-and-confused.net]
*[http://www.thelostmovies.com/Dazed_and_Confused.html dazed and confused review]
*[http://www.damox.com/entertainment/fansite_dazed_and_confused.htm Fan site]
*[http://www.fbi945movies.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=143918 Radio Interview with Richard Linklater from FBi 94.5 Sydney Australia]

*There is a popular message board that cast and crew have been members of in the past and present: [http://movies.groups.yahoo.com/group/the_moontower/]

{{Richard Linklater}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Comedy films]]
[[Category:Drama films]]
[[Category:Cult films]]
[[Category:Teen films]]
[[Category:Teen comedy films]]
[[Category:Coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Period films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:Independent films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Richard Linklater]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Drug-related films]]

[[de:Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten]]
[[it:La vita è un sogno]]
[[pl:Uczniowska balanga]]
[[ru:Под кайфом в смятении (фильм)]]

Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten

2006-11-12T08:45:15Z

66.117.135.137:

{{Infobox Film |
name = Dazed and Confused |
image = DazedandConfusedmoviecover.jpg |
caption = ''Dazed and Confused'' movie poster |
imdb_id = 0106677 |
writer = Richard Linklater |
starring = [[Jason London]] [[Matthew McConaughey]] [[Ben Affleck]] [[Milla Jovovich]] [[Rory Cochrane]] [[Parker Posey]] [[Cole Hauser]] [[Joey Lauren Adams]] |
director = [[Richard Linklater]] |
producer = Sean Daniel James Jacks Richard Linklater |
distributor = [[Universal Studios]] [[Gramercy Pictures]] |
released = [[September 24]], [[1993]] |
runtime = 102 min |
language = English |
music = |
awards = Golden Leopard nomination |
budget = 
}}

:''For the UK style magazine, see [[Dazed & Confused (magazine)]]''
:''For the [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Jake Holmes]] song see [[Dazed and Confused]]''

'''''Dazed and Confused''''' is a 1993 [[United States|American]] [[film]] written and directed by [[Richard Linklater]]. The movie's large ensemble cast featured a number of future stars.

The movie tells the stories of the last day of school in May 1976 in a [[Texas]] suburb. It was shot on location in [[Austin, Texas]]. (However the film's setting is an unspecified [[Texas]] town with an uncanny resemblance to [[Huntsville, Texas]], where Linklater grew up. Another speculation is that the setting may be in a fictonal suburb of Austin or [[Houston]].) The camera dips in and out of the lives of a variety of students at the school, rather than focusing on a single individual—in a manner reminiscent of, but less extreme than, Linklater's earlier film ''[[Slacker (film)|Slacker]]'', which was likewise shot on location in Austin.

The film took in less than $8 million at the box office, but in recent years has achieved [[cult film]] status, particularly on U.S. college campuses. [[Quentin Tarantino]] included it on his list of the twelve greatest films of all time in voting in the 2002 ''[[Sight and Sound]]'' [http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/voter.php?forename=Quentin&surname=Tarantino poll].

A two-disc [[Criterion Collection]] boxed-set edition was released on [[June 6]], [[2006]] in the USA and Canada only. The set has many extras, including a 72-page book on the film and the 50 minute "Making of Dazed" documentary that aired on the [[American Movie Classics]] channel on September 18, 2005. A different book (also titled ''Dazed and Confused'') containing the screenplay, interviews, and writing about the film was published by St. Martin's Press in 1993.

==Plot summary==
The film paid considerable attention to period and locational detail, mostly the cars, clothing, slang and music of the time, the soundtrack featuring rock staples of the era and fads like [[citizens' band radio]]. It also occasionally featured a sense of melancholy, the belief of having "missed out" by several years on the monumental events of the turbulent late 1960s.

The film's lack of conventional narrative structure and undemonized depiction of [[marijuana]] use have associated it somewhat with "[[Stoner (cannabis)|stoner]]" culture.

"Dazed and Confused" has been compared to ''[[American Graffiti]]'' in its loosely-structured depiction of one night in the lives of a group of high school students.

The film is believed to have helped kick off the 70's revival during the 90's, including the spread of 70's-style fashions and music, similar to the 50's revival that 'American Graffiti' inspired during the 70's.

{{spoiler}}
As the movie begins, the last day of school at a high school is beginning. Most of the main characters are introduced during this time. One of the characters is Randall "Pink" Floyd (a reference to popular progressive rock band [[Pink Floyd]]), played by [[Jason London]], a star [[American football|football]] player who hangs around with not only the jocks but also with members of the two other [[clique]]s at the school, stoners and nerds. Randall thus serves as a link connecting all of the school's different social groups.

The last day of school proceeds with regular classes but the soon-to-be-senior class (Class of 1977) is more interested in getting ready for the annual [[hazing]] of the incoming freshman class, which will take place after school. The boys spend the day making [[paddle]]s in shop class, the girls buy groceries which will be used for the hazing. In the film, the hazing is depicted as a ritualized event that has the support of the town (a local concession stand is even opened for the event). Boys and girls have different hazing rituals; freshman boys are chased and paddled when caught, freshman girls have food poured on them, do "air raid" drills, and then have to propose marriage to boys in the senior class.

Mitch Kramer ([[Wiley Wiggins]]), one of the incoming freshmen, is a pitcher on his [[baseball]] team and he is singled out for hazing by the seniors, who wait for him after a late afternoon baseball game. Among the seniors there is Randall "Pink" Floyd; perhaps because Pink is a star quarterback and Kramer is a starting pitcher, Pink sees Kramer as following in his footsteps as one of the school's top athletes, and invites him to tag along to party for the rest of the evening. An interesting note is that Mitch and Randall were both leaving youth baseball leagues when they got their first licks by seniors during the summer before high school. The similarities between Mitch and Randall's lives and their hazing events have led some to theorize that the movie is really about the same person experiencing the same event from different perspectives/times in his life. {{fact}}

Another subplot involves the coaches introducing a new policy for the upcoming 1976-77 school year in which athletes have to sign a written pledge that they will not use [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] or [[Illegal drug trade|illegal drugs]]. Pink refuses to sign the pledge sheet. The coach berates Randall Floyd for hanging out with "that other crowd" (referring to his [[stoner]] friends) and Floyd takes offense to it.

After the hazing is over, a night of partying begins. One of the students, marijuana dealer Kevin Pickford, was planning on holding a [[party]] at the home of his parents. They had been planning on leaving town that day for a [[vacation]]. A truck delivering kegs of [[beer]] for the party arrives early before his parents have left and they find out about the party, quickly cancelling their vacation. Through the rest of the movie, various characters arrive at the home prepared for the party (some brandishing [[bong]]s and other [[drug paraphernalia]]) only to be met by Pickford's parents.

The party thus cancelled, the kids head downtown to a pool hall called the Emporium. Kramer is sent to buy beer at a [[convenience store]] even though he is only a 14-year-old freshman. The movie conspicuously shows the much more relaxed attitudes toward both teenage alcohol consumption and driving with open beer containers at the time; Kramer can easily buy beer as the lawful Texas drinking age at the time was 18 and even that was lightly enforced. Afterward, a victim of the boys' [[mailbox baseball]], suggested as disgruntled or intoxicated, confronts them with a gun and the threat of calling the police. Jarred by the event, the boys tear off in their car as the man fires bullets haphazardly in the general direction of where they had sped.

Also at the Emporium, Wooderson ([[Matthew McConnaughey]]) is introduced. He is apparently well past his own high school graduation but still hangs around with the current students but they seem to look up to him (This is probably because of his ability to throw beer bust parties and get concert tickets) and is mostly interested in smoking marijuana and chasing the younger girls. One of his notable quotes on the subject follows: "That's what I love about those high school girls, man... I get older...they stay the same age. Yes they do."

A few freshmen have endured a particularly brutal hazing at the hands of one of the seniors, O'Bannion ([[Ben Affleck]]), and they plot their revenge by luring O'Bannion outside of the Emporium and dumping paint on him. Throughout the movie, O'Bannion is noted even by his fellow seniors as an overbearing, abusive person who goes too far with his hazings. It is noted that O'Bannion is going through his senior year for a second time due to failure during his first, making sure that his overall immaturity is his most poignant characteristic.

After the Emporium, the kids head for an all-night, Wooderson-organized keg party at the "moontower." This is a reference to the [[moonlight towers]] a series of Austin, Texas landmarks.

Other activities depicted in the film include cruising the streets, [[mailbox baseball]], the use of the public address function of [[CB radio]], and [[foosball]]. The film goes into great detail showing prices of the time such as rising [[gasoline]] and [[cigarette]] prices, social issues, clothing styles and music popular in 1976, and other popular culture references ranging from [[syndication]] [[reruns]] of ''[[Gilligan's Island]]'' and ''[[Star Trek]]'' to the [[American Bicentennial]].

==Historical Criticism==

With respect to time, 1976 was a local minimum for the number of births in the United States, births having declined almost every year since 1960 (see [[baby boom]]). This created a demographic effect where, starting from the 16-year-olds, the population of each successively younger age-group decreased. Although fictional, Dazed and Confused records some of the social effects of this demographic trend, such as increased recreational drug use and sexual activity among teenagers (see [[1970s]]). It is not clear whether these two archetypal components of teen movies were accentuated for the sake of historical accuracy or zeitgeist. In this context, Mike's monologue on a sense of anti-climactic preparation reflects the demographic reality that competition for resources was declining (causing a corresponding decrease in evolutionary pressure).

==Main cast==
{| class="wikitable"
! Actor || Role
|-
| [[Jason London]] || Randall "Pink" Floyd
|-
| [[Matthew McConaughey]] || David Wooderson
|-
| [[Sasha Jenson]] || Don Dawson
|-
| [[Shawn Andrews (actor)|Shawn Andrews]] || Kevin Pickford
|-
| [[Ben Affleck]] || Fred O'Bannion
|-
| [[Milla Jovovich]] || Michelle Burroughs
|-
| [[Rory Cochrane]] || Ron Slater
|-
| [[Anthony Rapp]] || Tony Olson
|-
| [[Wiley Wiggins]] || Mitch Kramer
|-
| [[Adam Goldberg]] || Mike Newhouse
|-
| [[Marissa Ribisi]] || Cynthia Dunn
|-
| [[Cole Hauser]] || Benny O'Donnell
|-
| [[Joey Lauren Adams]] || Simone Kerr
|-
| [[Michelle Burke]] || Jodi Kramer
|-
| [[Christin Hinojosa]] || Sabrina Davis
|-
| [[Parker Posey]] || Darla Marks
|-
| [[Catherine Avril Morris]] || Julie Simms
|-
| [[Deena Martin]] || Shavonne Wright
|-
| [[Esteban Powell]] || Carl Burnett
|-
| [[Nicky Katt]] || Clint Bruno
|}

==Trivia==
{{toomuchtrivia}}
* [[Renée Zellweger]] has an uncredited appearance in this movie.
* [[Edgar Winter]], famous for writing 70s and 80s hit songs such as Frankenstein and Free Ride, also has an uncredited role in the movie.
* The word "man" is said 185 times in the movie.
* All the wooden paddles were designed by the cast members themselves.
* The infamous paddle-smacking sequence was re-enacted in [[Family Guy]]. Chris Griffin gets smacked by Adam West, while cartoon versions of Pink, Melvin, and Don react in the same manner as the original scene when Mitch Kramer is given his hazing, complete with the background music ("No More Mr. Nice Guy" by Alice Cooper).
* Another Family Guy re-enactment occurs in the episode '8 Simple Rules for Buying My Teenage Daughter' where [[Brian Griffin]] is portrayed as Matthew McConaughey's character and repeats his line about high school girls.
* Family Guy makes yet another reference to the film when, after the Griffin family drives off, the Evil Monkey sits on his bed, puts on headphones playing "[[Slow Ride]]" by [[Foghat]], and rolls a joint.
* The [[beer]] drank by most of the cast was real beer, although the minors and Jason London refused to drink it.
* Matthew McConaughey's production company's name, [[JKL Productions]], comes from Wooderson's life [[motto]]: 'Just Keep Livin'.
* Pink's [[belt (clothing)|belt]] [[buckle]] is really a [[smoking pipe|pipe]]. He even sneaks a hit of marijuana while standing with Mitch outside of the Emporium.
* The song that Milla Jovovich plays on her guitar is an excerpt from "The Alien Song" from her 1994 album ''[[The Divine Comedy (album)|The Divine Comedy]]''.
* There are several drinking games associated with watching ''Dazed and Confused''. Most involve participants having to drink whenever the word "dude" or "man" is said by any character, during any drug reference at all, every time [[Parker Posey]]'s chartacter says "Bitch," every time [[Wiley Wiggins]] character touches his nose, as well as other such events.
* The people who claimed to be the basis for Slater, Wooderson, and Floyd all unsuccessfully sued Director Linklater in 2004 for defamation.
* The school the characters attend, called [[Lee High School]], was actually Bedichek Middle School in South [[Austin, TX]].
** Bedichek Middle School is located at 6800 Bill Hughes Rd. Austin, TX 78745
* The Top Notch [http://www.austin360.com/xl/content/restaurants/xl/2005/07/topnotch_07-07-05.html] burger joint shown in the film is located at 7525 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78757
*The movie [[Grind (2003 film)|''Grind'']] parodies Matthew McConaughey's character, complete with the line about high school girls. Jason London and Sasha Jenson also have roles in the movie.
*During the scene where Ben Affleck's character smashes his hazing paddle, he broke his ankle when the paddle struck it. He finished the scene but was absent from the rest of the movie due to the injury.
*[[Ben Affleck]] and [[Joey Lauren Adams]] reunite on screen two years later in [[Kevin Smith|Kevin Smith's]] film ''[[Mallrats]]''. Coincidentally, the star of the film was [[Jeremy London]], [[Jason London|Jason London's]] twin brother.
*The pinball machine in the Emporium can be seen in some of Richard Linklater's other films including ''[[Waking Life]]''.
*This movie ranked number 3 on [[Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly's]] list of the [http://www.ew.com/ew/report/0,6115,1532588_1_0_,00.html 50 Best High School Movies].
*The movie cover resembles a cover used for the movie Day of the Dead.

==External links==
{{wikiquotepar|Dazed and Confused}}
*{{imdb title|id=0106677|title=Dazed and Confused}}
*{{rotten-tomatoes|id=dazed_and_confused|title=Dazed and Confused}}
*[http://www.criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=336&eid=476&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Kent Jones]
*[http://www.criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=336&eid=477&section=essay Criterion Collection essay by Jim DeRogatis]
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A45614-2004Dec7.html Bummer, Man] - Washington Post article on Wooderson, Slater and Floyd suing Linklater for "defamation" and "negligent infliction of emotional distress".
*[http://www.dazed-and-confused.net/ dazed-and-confused.net]
*[http://www.thelostmovies.com/Dazed_and_Confused.html dazed and confused review]
*[http://www.damox.com/entertainment/fansite_dazed_and_confused.htm Fan site]
*[http://www.fbi945movies.libsyn.com/index.php?post_id=143918 Radio Interview with Richard Linklater from FBi 94.5 Sydney Australia]

*There is a popular message board that cast and crew have been members of in the past and present: [http://movies.groups.yahoo.com/group/the_moontower/]

{{Richard Linklater}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Comedy films]]
[[Category:Drama films]]
[[Category:Cult films]]
[[Category:Teen films]]
[[Category:Teen comedy films]]
[[Category:Coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Period films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:Independent films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Richard Linklater]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Drug-related films]]

[[de:Confusion – Sommer der Ausgeflippten]]
[[it:La vita è un sogno]]
[[pl:Uczniowska balanga]]
[[ru:Под кайфом в смятении (фильм)]]