Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Gerbrunn

2006-11-20T18:12:29Z

64.12.117.9: /* Persönlichkeiten */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- style="background: #ffffff;" align="center"
| style="width: 145px;" | [[Bild:Wappen_gerbrunn.gif|140px|Wappen Gerbrunn]]
| style="width: 145px;" | [[Bild:Karte_Gerbrunn_in_Deutschland.png|140px|Deutschlandkarte, Position von Gerbrunn hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]: || [[Bayern]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]: || [[Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken|Unterfranken]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis]]: || [[Landkreis Würzburg|Würzburg]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: || {{Koordinate Text Artikel|49_46_31_N_9_59_37_E_type:city(6770)_region:DE-BY|49° 46' 31" N, 9° 59' 37" O}}
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 293 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: || 4,58 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: || 6.785 ''(31. August 2006)''
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: || 1.493 Einwohner je km²
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: || 97218
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahl]]: || 0931
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: || WÜ
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Gemeindeschlüssel]]: || 09 6 79 136
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Offizielle Website: || [http://www.gerbrunn.de/ www.gerbrunn.de]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: || [mailto:info@gerbrunn.de info@gerbrunn.de]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- style="background: #ffffff;"
| [[Bürgermeister]]: || Stefan Wolfshörndl (SPD)
|}

'''Gerbrunn''' ist eine [[Gemeinde]] im [[Unterfranken|unterfränkischen]] [[Landkreis Würzburg]] und liegt 3 km von der Stadt [[Würzburg]] entfernt.

Der Ortsname stammt aus einer Zusammensetzung von [[Ger (Wurfspieß)|Ger]] (v. [[Althochdeutsche_Sprache|ahd.]] ''gêr'' „Wurfspieß“), weil der Ort auch [[Topografie|topografisch]] bedingt in seiner Entstehungszeit dieser Form ähnlich sah, und [[Brunnen (Begriffsklärung)|Brunnen]], nach dem Brunnen, der heute noch im Altort nahe dem Rathaus aktiv ist.

== Geschichte ==
Gerbrunn wurde im Jahre [[1107]] erstmalig urkundlich erwähnt. Als Teil des Hochstiftes Würzburg wurde Gerbrunn 1803 zugunsten Bayerns säkularisiert, dann im Frieden von Preßburg (1805) Erzherzog Ferdinand von Toskana zur Bildung des Großherzogtums Würzburg überlassen, mit welchem es 1814 endgültig an Bayern zurückfiel. Im Zuge der Verwaltungsreformen in Bayern entstand mit dem Gemeindeedikt von 1818 die heutige Gemeinde.

== Wappen ==
Das Wappen der Gemeinde Gerbrunn besteht aus drei Teilen: Links oben das Symbol von [[Castell (Unterfranken)]] , rechts oben der fränkische Rechen (vgl. [[Fränkischer Rechen]]), unten der Brunnen. Einer anderen Überlieferung zufolge hängt das "Ger" im Namen Gerbrunn nicht mit dem germanischen Wurfspieß zusammen, sondern vielmehr mit einer begüterten fränkischen Adeligen namens Gerwine, die im Ortsgebiet Gerbrunns einen Brunnen besaß ("Gerwines Brunnen").


== Einwohnerentwicklung ==
Auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde wurden 1970 4.037, 1987 dann 5.791 und im Jahr 2000 6.180 Einwohner gezählt.

== Politik ==
Bürgermeister ist Stefan Wolfshörndl (SPD). Er wurde im Jahr 2002 Nachfolger von Hans Lorke (Freie Wahlgemeinschaft).

Die Gemeindesteuereinnahmen betrugen im Jahr 1999 umgerechnet 3401 T€, davon betrugen die Gewerbesteuereinnahmen (netto) umgerechnet 481 T€.



== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==
=== Wirtschaft sowie Land- und Forstwirtschaft ===
Es gab 1998 nach der amtlichen Statistik im Bereich der Land- und Forstwirtschaft 23, im produzierenden Gewerbe 332 und im Bereich Handel und Verkehr 250 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte am Arbeitsort. In sonstigen Wirtschaftsbereichen waren am Arbeitsort 260 Personen sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt. Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte am Wohnort gab es insgesamt 1893. Im verarbeitenden Gewerbe gab es keine, im Bauhauptgewerbe 1 Betriebe. Zudem bestanden im Jahr 1999 10 landwirtschaftliche Betriebe mit einer landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche von 962 ha, davon waren 950 ha Ackerfläche und 3 ha Dauergrünfläche.

== Persönlichkeiten ==
Heimatort der weltberühmten Opernsängerin [[Waltraud Meier]] und des vierfachen [[Schwimmweltmeisterschaften|Schwimmweltmeisters]] [[Thomas Lurz]]. Außerdem führt [[Dirk Nowitzki]]s Vater hier einen Malerbetrieb.

== Sport ==
Die Fußballmannschaft des '''TSV Gerbrunn''' war in der Saison 2003/04 als Bayernpokalfinalist für den [[DFB-Pokal]] qualifiziert. Gegen den [[2. Bundesliga (Fußball)|Zweitligisten]] [[SV Wacker Burghausen]] verlor der Neuntligist sein Erstrundenspiel 0:14 - ebenso hoch wie kurz zuvor das Bayernpokal-Endspiel gegen den [[Oberliga (Fußball)|Oberligisten]] [[TSV Aindling]].

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.gerbrunn.de www.gerbrunn.de]

 

{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Landkreis Würzburg}}

[[Kategorie:Ort in Bayern]]
[[Kategorie:Landkreis Würzburg]]

Gerbrunn

2006-11-20T18:10:29Z

64.12.117.9: /* Persönlichkeiten */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- style="background: #ffffff;" align="center"
| style="width: 145px;" | [[Bild:Wappen_gerbrunn.gif|140px|Wappen Gerbrunn]]
| style="width: 145px;" | [[Bild:Karte_Gerbrunn_in_Deutschland.png|140px|Deutschlandkarte, Position von Gerbrunn hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]: || [[Bayern]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]: || [[Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken|Unterfranken]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis]]: || [[Landkreis Würzburg|Würzburg]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: || {{Koordinate Text Artikel|49_46_31_N_9_59_37_E_type:city(6770)_region:DE-BY|49° 46' 31" N, 9° 59' 37" O}}
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 293 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: || 4,58 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: || 6.785 ''(31. August 2006)''
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: || 1.493 Einwohner je km²
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: || 97218
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahl]]: || 0931
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: || WÜ
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Gemeindeschlüssel]]: || 09 6 79 136
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Offizielle Website: || [http://www.gerbrunn.de/ www.gerbrunn.de]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: || [mailto:info@gerbrunn.de info@gerbrunn.de]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- style="background: #ffffff;"
| [[Bürgermeister]]: || Stefan Wolfshörndl (SPD)
|}

'''Gerbrunn''' ist eine [[Gemeinde]] im [[Unterfranken|unterfränkischen]] [[Landkreis Würzburg]] und liegt 3 km von der Stadt [[Würzburg]] entfernt.

Der Ortsname stammt aus einer Zusammensetzung von [[Ger (Wurfspieß)|Ger]] (v. [[Althochdeutsche_Sprache|ahd.]] ''gêr'' „Wurfspieß“), weil der Ort auch [[Topografie|topografisch]] bedingt in seiner Entstehungszeit dieser Form ähnlich sah, und [[Brunnen (Begriffsklärung)|Brunnen]], nach dem Brunnen, der heute noch im Altort nahe dem Rathaus aktiv ist.

== Geschichte ==
Gerbrunn wurde im Jahre [[1107]] erstmalig urkundlich erwähnt. Als Teil des Hochstiftes Würzburg wurde Gerbrunn 1803 zugunsten Bayerns säkularisiert, dann im Frieden von Preßburg (1805) Erzherzog Ferdinand von Toskana zur Bildung des Großherzogtums Würzburg überlassen, mit welchem es 1814 endgültig an Bayern zurückfiel. Im Zuge der Verwaltungsreformen in Bayern entstand mit dem Gemeindeedikt von 1818 die heutige Gemeinde.

== Wappen ==
Das Wappen der Gemeinde Gerbrunn besteht aus drei Teilen: Links oben das Symbol von [[Castell (Unterfranken)]] , rechts oben der fränkische Rechen (vgl. [[Fränkischer Rechen]]), unten der Brunnen. Einer anderen Überlieferung zufolge hängt das "Ger" im Namen Gerbrunn nicht mit dem germanischen Wurfspieß zusammen, sondern vielmehr mit einer begüterten fränkischen Adeligen namens Gerwine, die im Ortsgebiet Gerbrunns einen Brunnen besaß ("Gerwines Brunnen").


== Einwohnerentwicklung ==
Auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde wurden 1970 4.037, 1987 dann 5.791 und im Jahr 2000 6.180 Einwohner gezählt.

== Politik ==
Bürgermeister ist Stefan Wolfshörndl (SPD). Er wurde im Jahr 2002 Nachfolger von Hans Lorke (Freie Wahlgemeinschaft).

Die Gemeindesteuereinnahmen betrugen im Jahr 1999 umgerechnet 3401 T€, davon betrugen die Gewerbesteuereinnahmen (netto) umgerechnet 481 T€.



== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==
=== Wirtschaft sowie Land- und Forstwirtschaft ===
Es gab 1998 nach der amtlichen Statistik im Bereich der Land- und Forstwirtschaft 23, im produzierenden Gewerbe 332 und im Bereich Handel und Verkehr 250 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte am Arbeitsort. In sonstigen Wirtschaftsbereichen waren am Arbeitsort 260 Personen sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt. Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte am Wohnort gab es insgesamt 1893. Im verarbeitenden Gewerbe gab es keine, im Bauhauptgewerbe 1 Betriebe. Zudem bestanden im Jahr 1999 10 landwirtschaftliche Betriebe mit einer landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche von 962 ha, davon waren 950 ha Ackerfläche und 3 ha Dauergrünfläche.

== Persönlichkeiten ==
Heimatort der weltberühmten Opernsängerin [[Waltraud Meier]] und des vierfachen [[Schwimmweltmeisterschaften|Schwimmweltmeisters]] [[Thomas Lurz]]. Außerdem führt [[Dirk Nowitzki]]s Vater hier einen Malerbetrieb.Katja Prieto betreibt dort einen REWE-Markt.

== Sport ==
Die Fußballmannschaft des '''TSV Gerbrunn''' war in der Saison 2003/04 als Bayernpokalfinalist für den [[DFB-Pokal]] qualifiziert. Gegen den [[2. Bundesliga (Fußball)|Zweitligisten]] [[SV Wacker Burghausen]] verlor der Neuntligist sein Erstrundenspiel 0:14 - ebenso hoch wie kurz zuvor das Bayernpokal-Endspiel gegen den [[Oberliga (Fußball)|Oberligisten]] [[TSV Aindling]].

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.gerbrunn.de www.gerbrunn.de]

 

{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Landkreis Würzburg}}

[[Kategorie:Ort in Bayern]]
[[Kategorie:Landkreis Würzburg]]

Fox McCloud

2006-11-15T03:59:27Z

64.12.117.9: /* ''Super Smash Bros.'' series */

{{unreferenced}}
{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|130px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=Mike West (''Star Fox 64'') Steve Malpass (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
{{nihongo|'''Fox McCloud'''|フォックス・マクラウド|Fokkusu Makuraudo}} is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space fighter as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the late [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communication device on his head in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the [[Super Smash Bros. series]]. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the communication device, has brighter green clothes, wears a vest instead of a jacket, and wears fingerless gloves. He also wears a [[knee pad]] on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red [[jumpsuit]] and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communication device from the older Star Fox games, however, the cuffs of his jacket are now green.

== History ==
{{cleanup fiction-as-fact}}
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual Arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. This "beam of light", if the said beam is red, is actually the Great Fox's lights all around the ship. It appears to be moving away because the camera is rotating and changing the position of the light. If you cannot see the wing connected to the light, turn up the brightness on your monitor/tv screen. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. Fox and team then leave Corneria to go to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox, as well as upgrade the Arwings and Landmasters.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continued pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses that Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. With a noble sacriface of Peppy and ROB crashing the Great Fox in the surface of the planet, Fox and team manage to enter to the core of the Aparoid Homeworld. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles. Fox and co. manage to destroy the Queen using a special [[apoptosis]] program created by [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Beltino Toad|Beltino Toad]], Slippy's father. After the defeat of the Aparoid Queen, the Star Fox team barely escapes from the destruction of Aparoid Homeworld. There is no signs that Star Wolf escaped from the explosion, but Fox believes that they somehow managed to escape. Suddenly, Fox and his friends discovered that Peppy and ROB escaped from the destruction of the Great Fox. With the Aparoid Wars finally over, Fox thanks all of his friends for all of their support and friendship.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle, though for only part of it.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal. The game has nine different endings which show Fox taking a different route in his life:
*''Ending 1: Fox and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the team again.
*''Ending 2: Goodbye, Fox'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and disbands the Star Fox team. They marry and have a son named Marcus, who later reforms the Star Fox team.
*''Ending 3: Emperor Anglar'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal, but she leaves him two months later and joins the Star Wolf team to start a relationship with Panther Caruso.
*''Ending 4: Star Wolf Returns!'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who becomes a bounty hunter. They later meet in the planet Kew, but Fox doesn't recognize her.
*''Ending 5: Lucy and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the [[Star Fox team]].
*''Ending 6: Dash Makes a Choice'' - Dash remains on Venom and terraforms it into a better world. He soon follows Andross' footsteps and threatens the Lylat System.
*''Ending 7: Slippy's Resolve'' - Slippy leaves Star Fox and marries Amanda on Aquas. He ends up having an army of kids, and tells his grandchildren of the Star Fox team's adventures.
*''Ending 8: Pigma's Revenge'' - Falco is left out of the celebrations, and forms his own team of Star Falco, rivalling Star Fox.
*''Ending 9: The Curse of Pigma'' - Fox disbands the 'team' and, along with Falco, becomes a racer.

As ''Command'' has nine different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take; but the developers have suggested that any sequel would ignore the endings and pick up the story from the middle.<ref>[http://ds.ign.com/articles/731/731088p2.html Star Fox Command Interview]</ref>

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfit colorations. The Star Fox team symbol accompanies him in the background.]]

Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" (also known as the "Shine") returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox.

Fox is considered a top-tier character in tournament level games, due to his unparalleled speed and agility. His Reflector (or Shine) is considered one of his deadliest moves, as it is the fastest move in the game(among others), requiring only one frame to execute. It is often used to KO opponents who are off the side of the field, as well as for fast combos (often referred to as "Shine-Combos"). He was confirmed on [[November 3]], [[2006]] at the Nintendo World Tour to be in the upcoming [[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]], with his outfit modified but still based on his ''Star Fox 64''/''Command'' look.<ref>[http://wii.ign.com/articles/743/743808p1.html Smash Bros. Invades Japan - New trailer shown at Nintendo World]</ref>

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down; Krystal was heartbroken by Fox's request, and left him. Some of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path. It's possible that the next Star Fox game reveals the true fate of their relationship.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox: Super Weekend]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], Friday [[April 30]] to [[May 2]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2007]], [[Wii]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]

[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Fox McCloud

2006-11-05T03:29:08Z

64.12.117.9: /* References */

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|130px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
'''Fox McCloud''' (フォックス・マクラウド ''Fokkusu Makuraudo'') is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space fighter as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the late [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communication device on his head in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the [[Super Smash Bros. series]]. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the communication device, has brighter green clothes, wears a vest instead of a jacket, and wears fingerless gloves. He also wears a [[knee pad]] on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red [[jumpsuit]] and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communication device from the older Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual Arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. Fox and team then leave Corneria to go to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox, as well as upgrade the Arwings and Landmasters.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continued pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses that Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. With a noble sacriface of Peppy and ROB crashing the Great Fox in the surface of the planet, Fox and team manage to enter to the core of the Aparoid Homeworld. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles. Fox and co. manage to destroy the Queen using a special [[apoptosis]] program created by [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Beltino Toad|Beltino Toad]], Slippy's father. After the defeat of the Aparoid Queen, the Star Fox team barely escapes from the destruction of Aparoid Homeworld. There is no signs that Star Wolf escaped from the explosion, but Fox believes that they somehow managed to escape. Suddenly, Fox and his friends discovered that Peppy and ROB escaped from the destruction of the Great Fox. With the Aparoid Wars finally over, Fox thanks all of his friends for all of their support and friendship.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle, though for only part of it.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal. The game has nine different endings which show Fox taking a different route in his life:
*''Ending 1: Fox and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the team again.
*''Ending 2: Goodbye, Fox'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and disbands the Star Fox team. They marry and have a son named Marcus, who later reforms the Star Fox team.
*''Ending 3: Emperor Anglar'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who joins to the Star Wolf team and starts a relationship with Panther Caruso.
*''Ending 4: Star Wolf Returns!'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who becomes a bounty hunter. They later meet in the planet Kew, but Fox doesn't recognize her.
*''Ending 5: Lucy and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the [[Star Fox team]].
*''Ending 6: Dash Makes a Choice'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 7: Slippy's Resolve'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 8: Pigma's Revenge'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 9: The Curse of Pigma'' - Fox disbands the team and, along with Falco, becomes a racer.

As ''Command'' has nine different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take; but the developers have suggested that any sequel would ignore the endings and pick up the story from the middle.<ref>[http://ds.ign.com/articles/731/731088p2.html Star Fox Command Interview]</ref>

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfit colorations. The Star Fox team symbol accompanies him in the background.]]
[[Image:FoxBrawl.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A leaked screenshot of Fox in ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl''.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" (also known as the "Shine") returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox.

Fox is considered a top-tier character in tournament level games, due to his unparalleled speed and agility. His Reflector (or Shine) is considered one of his deadliest moves, as it is the fastest move in the game, requiring only one frame to execute. It is often used to KO opponents who are off the side of the field, as well as for fast combos (often referred to as "Shine-Combos). He was confirmed on [[November 3]], [[2006]], at the Nintendo World Tour to be in the upcoming [[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]].<ref>[http://wii.ign.com/articles/743/743808p1.html Smash Bros. Invades Japan - New trailer shown at Nintendo World]</ref>

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down; Krystal was heartbroken by Fox's request, and left him. Some of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path. It's possible that the next Star Fox game reveals the true fate of their relationship.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2007]], [[Wii]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==References==
* ''Star Fox''
* ''Star Fox 64''
* ''Star Fox Adventures''
* ''Star Fox: Assault''
* ''Star Fox Command''
* ''Super Smash Bros.''
* ''Super Smash Bros. Melee''
* ''Star Fox 64 Player's Guide''

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]

[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Fox McCloud

2006-11-05T03:27:57Z

64.12.117.9: /* References */

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|130px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
'''Fox McCloud''' (フォックス・マクラウド ''Fokkusu Makuraudo'') is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space fighter as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the late [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communication device on his head in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the [[Super Smash Bros. series]]. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the communication device, has brighter green clothes, wears a vest instead of a jacket, and wears fingerless gloves. He also wears a [[knee pad]] on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red [[jumpsuit]] and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communication device from the older Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual Arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. Fox and team then leave Corneria to go to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox, as well as upgrade the Arwings and Landmasters.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continued pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses that Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. With a noble sacriface of Peppy and ROB crashing the Great Fox in the surface of the planet, Fox and team manage to enter to the core of the Aparoid Homeworld. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles. Fox and co. manage to destroy the Queen using a special [[apoptosis]] program created by [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Beltino Toad|Beltino Toad]], Slippy's father. After the defeat of the Aparoid Queen, the Star Fox team barely escapes from the destruction of Aparoid Homeworld. There is no signs that Star Wolf escaped from the explosion, but Fox believes that they somehow managed to escape. Suddenly, Fox and his friends discovered that Peppy and ROB escaped from the destruction of the Great Fox. With the Aparoid Wars finally over, Fox thanks all of his friends for all of their support and friendship.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle, though for only part of it.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal. The game has nine different endings which show Fox taking a different route in his life:
*''Ending 1: Fox and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the team again.
*''Ending 2: Goodbye, Fox'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and disbands the Star Fox team. They marry and have a son named Marcus, who later reforms the Star Fox team.
*''Ending 3: Emperor Anglar'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who joins to the Star Wolf team and starts a relationship with Panther Caruso.
*''Ending 4: Star Wolf Returns!'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who becomes a bounty hunter. They later meet in the planet Kew, but Fox doesn't recognize her.
*''Ending 5: Lucy and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the [[Star Fox team]].
*''Ending 6: Dash Makes a Choice'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 7: Slippy's Resolve'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 8: Pigma's Revenge'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 9: The Curse of Pigma'' - Fox disbands the team and, along with Falco, becomes a racer.

As ''Command'' has nine different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take; but the developers have suggested that any sequel would ignore the endings and pick up the story from the middle.<ref>[http://ds.ign.com/articles/731/731088p2.html Star Fox Command Interview]</ref>

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfit colorations. The Star Fox team symbol accompanies him in the background.]]
[[Image:FoxBrawl.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A leaked screenshot of Fox in ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl''.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" (also known as the "Shine") returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox.

Fox is considered a top-tier character in tournament level games, due to his unparalleled speed and agility. His Reflector (or Shine) is considered one of his deadliest moves, as it is the fastest move in the game, requiring only one frame to execute. It is often used to KO opponents who are off the side of the field, as well as for fast combos (often referred to as "Shine-Combos). He was confirmed on [[November 3]], [[2006]], at the Nintendo World Tour to be in the upcoming [[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]].<ref>[http://wii.ign.com/articles/743/743808p1.html Smash Bros. Invades Japan - New trailer shown at Nintendo World]</ref>

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down; Krystal was heartbroken by Fox's request, and left him. Some of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path. It's possible that the next Star Fox game reveals the true fate of their relationship.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2007]], [[Wii]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==References==
* ''Star Fox''
* ''Star Fox 64''
* ''Star Fox Adventures''
* ''Star Fox: Assault''
* ''Star Fox Command''
* ''Super Smash Bros.''
* ''Super Smash Bros. Melee''

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]

[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Fox McCloud

2006-11-05T03:26:03Z

64.12.117.9: /* References */

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|130px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
'''Fox McCloud''' (フォックス・マクラウド ''Fokkusu Makuraudo'') is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space fighter as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the late [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communication device on his head in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the [[Super Smash Bros. series]]. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the communication device, has brighter green clothes, wears a vest instead of a jacket, and wears fingerless gloves. He also wears a [[knee pad]] on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red [[jumpsuit]] and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communication device from the older Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual Arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. Fox and team then leave Corneria to go to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox, as well as upgrade the Arwings and Landmasters.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continued pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses that Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. With a noble sacriface of Peppy and ROB crashing the Great Fox in the surface of the planet, Fox and team manage to enter to the core of the Aparoid Homeworld. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles. Fox and co. manage to destroy the Queen using a special [[apoptosis]] program created by [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Beltino Toad|Beltino Toad]], Slippy's father. After the defeat of the Aparoid Queen, the Star Fox team barely escapes from the destruction of Aparoid Homeworld. There is no signs that Star Wolf escaped from the explosion, but Fox believes that they somehow managed to escape. Suddenly, Fox and his friends discovered that Peppy and ROB escaped from the destruction of the Great Fox. With the Aparoid Wars finally over, Fox thanks all of his friends for all of their support and friendship.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle, though for only part of it.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal. The game has nine different endings which show Fox taking a different route in his life:
*''Ending 1: Fox and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the team again.
*''Ending 2: Goodbye, Fox'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and disbands the Star Fox team. They marry and have a son named Marcus, who later reforms the Star Fox team.
*''Ending 3: Emperor Anglar'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who joins to the Star Wolf team and starts a relationship with Panther Caruso.
*''Ending 4: Star Wolf Returns!'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who becomes a bounty hunter. They later meet in the planet Kew, but Fox doesn't recognize her.
*''Ending 5: Lucy and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the [[Star Fox team]].
*''Ending 6: Dash Makes a Choice'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 7: Slippy's Resolve'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 8: Pigma's Revenge'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 9: The Curse of Pigma'' - Fox disbands the team and, along with Falco, becomes a racer.

As ''Command'' has nine different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take; but the developers have suggested that any sequel would ignore the endings and pick up the story from the middle.<ref>[http://ds.ign.com/articles/731/731088p2.html Star Fox Command Interview]</ref>

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfit colorations. The Star Fox team symbol accompanies him in the background.]]
[[Image:FoxBrawl.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A leaked screenshot of Fox in ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl''.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" (also known as the "Shine") returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox.

Fox is considered a top-tier character in tournament level games, due to his unparalleled speed and agility. His Reflector (or Shine) is considered one of his deadliest moves, as it is the fastest move in the game, requiring only one frame to execute. It is often used to KO opponents who are off the side of the field, as well as for fast combos (often referred to as "Shine-Combos). He was confirmed on [[November 3]], [[2006]], at the Nintendo World Tour to be in the upcoming [[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]].<ref>[http://wii.ign.com/articles/743/743808p1.html Smash Bros. Invades Japan - New trailer shown at Nintendo World]</ref>

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down; Krystal was heartbroken by Fox's request, and left him. Some of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path. It's possible that the next Star Fox game reveals the true fate of their relationship.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2007]], [[Wii]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==References==

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]

[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Fox McCloud

2006-11-05T03:25:37Z

64.12.117.9: /* References */

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|130px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
'''Fox McCloud''' (フォックス・マクラウド ''Fokkusu Makuraudo'') is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space fighter as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the late [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communication device on his head in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the [[Super Smash Bros. series]]. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the communication device, has brighter green clothes, wears a vest instead of a jacket, and wears fingerless gloves. He also wears a [[knee pad]] on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red [[jumpsuit]] and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communication device from the older Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual Arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. Fox and team then leave Corneria to go to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox, as well as upgrade the Arwings and Landmasters.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continued pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses that Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. With a noble sacriface of Peppy and ROB crashing the Great Fox in the surface of the planet, Fox and team manage to enter to the core of the Aparoid Homeworld. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles. Fox and co. manage to destroy the Queen using a special [[apoptosis]] program created by [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Beltino Toad|Beltino Toad]], Slippy's father. After the defeat of the Aparoid Queen, the Star Fox team barely escapes from the destruction of Aparoid Homeworld. There is no signs that Star Wolf escaped from the explosion, but Fox believes that they somehow managed to escape. Suddenly, Fox and his friends discovered that Peppy and ROB escaped from the destruction of the Great Fox. With the Aparoid Wars finally over, Fox thanks all of his friends for all of their support and friendship.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle, though for only part of it.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal. The game has nine different endings which show Fox taking a different route in his life:
*''Ending 1: Fox and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the team again.
*''Ending 2: Goodbye, Fox'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and disbands the Star Fox team. They marry and have a son named Marcus, who later reforms the Star Fox team.
*''Ending 3: Emperor Anglar'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who joins to the Star Wolf team and starts a relationship with Panther Caruso.
*''Ending 4: Star Wolf Returns!'' - Fox permanently ends his relationship with Krystal, who becomes a bounty hunter. They later meet in the planet Kew, but Fox doesn't recognize her.
*''Ending 5: Lucy and Krystal'' - Fox rekindles his relationship with Krystal and reinstates her in the [[Star Fox team]].
*''Ending 6: Dash Makes a Choice'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 7: Slippy's Resolve'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 8: Pigma's Revenge'' - Fate unknown.
*''Ending 9: The Curse of Pigma'' - Fox disbands the team and, along with Falco, becomes a racer.

As ''Command'' has nine different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take; but the developers have suggested that any sequel would ignore the endings and pick up the story from the middle.<ref>[http://ds.ign.com/articles/731/731088p2.html Star Fox Command Interview]</ref>

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfit colorations. The Star Fox team symbol accompanies him in the background.]]
[[Image:FoxBrawl.jpg|thumb|150px|left|A leaked screenshot of Fox in ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl''.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" (also known as the "Shine") returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox.

Fox is considered a top-tier character in tournament level games, due to his unparalleled speed and agility. His Reflector (or Shine) is considered one of his deadliest moves, as it is the fastest move in the game, requiring only one frame to execute. It is often used to KO opponents who are off the side of the field, as well as for fast combos (often referred to as "Shine-Combos). He was confirmed on [[November 3]], [[2006]], at the Nintendo World Tour to be in the upcoming [[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]].<ref>[http://wii.ign.com/articles/743/743808p1.html Smash Bros. Invades Japan - New trailer shown at Nintendo World]</ref>

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down; Krystal was heartbroken by Fox's request, and left him. Some of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path. It's possible that the next Star Fox game reveals the true fate of their relationship.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[2007]], [[Wii]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==References==
Star Fox
Star Fox 64
Star Fox Adventures
Star Fox: Assault
Star Fox Comaand
Super Smash Bros.
Super Smash Bros. Melee

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]

[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Burgruine Herrenbröl

2006-10-07T20:47:49Z

64.12.117.9:

Die '''Burgruine Herrenbröl''' ist eine kleine [[Burgruine]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]. Sie gehört zur Gemeinde [[Ruppichteroth]] und befindet im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] im [[Bergisches Land|Bergischen Land]].

== Lage ==
Die kleine [[Niederungsburg]] liegt im Tal des ''Waldbrölbaches'' auf einer Höhe von gut 150 Metern über NN zwischen der Gemeinde [[Ruppichteroth]] im Westen und der Stadt [[Waldbröl]] nord-östlich des Höhenzuges [[Nutscheid]].

== Geschichte und Anlage ==
Die Geschichte der Burg liegt weitestgehend im Dunklen.
Die Anlage wurde wohl schon im 13. Jahrhundert als Rittersitz erbaut . Aus dieser Zeit stammen noch wenige Reste wie z.B. der [[Burgbrunnen]].
Im 15ten Jahrhundert wurden der Turm sowie weitere Teile der Burganlage wahrscheinlich von den Herren von Scheidt errichtet. 
Mitte des 18.Jh. kam die Burg durch Heirat der Reichsfreiin Caroline von Neukirchen gen. Nievenheim an den Freiherrn Carl Georg von Martial zu Birlinghoven, dem Enkel des Generalfeldmarschall und Generaldjutanten beim Pfalzgrafen, Johann Wilhelm, Maximilian Carl von Martial zu Veynau.
Die Familie von Martial konnte die Burg aufgrund des weit verbreiteten Niedergang des Adels und wirtschaftlicher Not nicht halten.
Um 1895 musste der letzte Freiherr von Martial zu Herrenbröl die Reste des ehemals so stolzen Herrensitzes verkaufen.
Auf dem Burggelände stand einst eine kleine Kapelle, in der noch 1796 die letze Trauung eines Martials zelebriert wurde.
Ausserdem hatten die Herren zu Herrenbröl bis 1826 das Patronat über die Stiftskirche zu Schönenberg.
In den Neunziger Jahren des letzten Jahrhundert erwarb die Stadt Ruppichteroth Teile des Geländes mit der Burgruine und ließ das von Carl Georg von Martial oder seinen Söhnen anfang des 19 Jh. erbaute Haus, welches auf dem Keller des ehemaligen,zerstörten Herrenhauses der Burg stand, niederreißen.
Das Amt für Boden und Denkmalpflege des Landes NRW begann danach mit Grabungen auf dem Burggelände und vermaß die alte Anlage. Dabei mußte man feststellen das die Burg viel größer als angenommen war, und das sich wahrscheinlich auch noch Reste auf den benachbarten Grundstücken finden lassen würden , die nicht im Besitz der Stadt sind.
Sicher ist auch, dass auf der Südseite ein Wassergraben vorhanden war der noch Mitte des 19.Jh.,als Weiher bestand.

Die Burg war niemals von politischer oder strategischer Bedeutung und wurde spätestens zur Zeit der französischen Besetzung des Rheinlandes um das Jahr 1807 von diesen zerstört. 
Heute ist der noch gut zehn Meter Aufragende Rest des Hauptturms das dominierende Kennzeichen der Burg. Daneben sind nur eher bescheidene Ruinen der Burggebäude sowie einige Grundmauern erhalten.
Die in einem Talgrund stehende Ruine ist grundsätzlich jederzeit frei zugänglich und steht unter Denkmalschutz.

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.graf-von-berg.de/ruinen/herrenbroel/index.htm Informationen über die Ruine]
* [http://www.ruppichteroth.de/foto-herrenbroel.htm Ansicht der Burg]

[[Kategorie:Burgruine in Nordrhein-Westfalen|Herrenbröl]]

Burgruine Herrenbröl

2006-10-07T20:46:05Z

64.12.117.9:

Die '''Burgruine Herrenbröl''' ist eine kleine [[Burgruine]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]. Sie gehört zur Gemeinde [[Ruppichteroth]] und befindet im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] im [[Bergisches Land|Bergischen Land]].

== Lage ==
Die kleine [[Niederungsburg]] liegt im Tal des ''Waldbrölbaches'' auf einer Höhe von gut 150 Metern über NN zwischen der Gemeinde [[Ruppichteroth]] im Westen und der Stadt [[Waldbröl]] nord-östlich des Höhenzuges [[Nutscheid]].

== Geschichte und Anlage ==
Die Geschichte der Burg liegt weitestgehend im Dunklen.
Die Anlage wurde wohl schon im 13. Jahrhundert als Rittersitz erbaut . Aus dieser Zeit stammen noch wenige Reste wie z.B. der [[Burgbrunnen]].
Im 15ten Jahrhundert wurden der Turm sowie weitere Teile der Burganlage wahrscheinlich von den Herren von Scheidt errichtet. 
Mitte des 18.Jh. kam die Burg durch Heirat der Reichsfreiin Caroline von Neukirchen gen. Nievenheim an den Freiherrn Carl Georg von Martial zu Birlinghoven, dem Enkel des Generalfeldmarschall und Generaldjutanten beim Pfalzgrafen, Johann Wilhelm, Maximilian Carl von Martial zu Veynau.
Die Familie von Martial konnte die Burg aufgrund des weit verbreiteten Niedergang des Adels und wirtschaftlicher Not nicht halten.
Um 1895 musste der letzte Freiherr von Martial zu Herrenbröl die Reste des ehemals so stolzen Herrensitzes verkaufen.
Auf dem Burggelände stand einst eine kleine Kapelle, in der noch 1796 die letze Traung eines Martials zelebriert wurde.
Ausserdem hatten die Herren zu Herrenbröl bis 1826 das Patronat über die Stiftskirche zu Schönenberg.
In den Neunziger Jahren des letzTen Jahrhundert erwarb die Stadt Ruppichteroth Teile des Geländes mit der Burgruine und ließ das von Carl Georg von Martial oder seinen Söhnen anfang des 19 Jh. erbaute Haus, welches auf dem Keller des ehemaligen,zerstörten Herrenhauses der Burg stand, niederreißen.
Das Amt für Boden und Denkmalpflege des Landes NRW begann danach mit Grabungen auf dem Burggelände und vermaß die alte Anlage. Dabei mußte man feststellen das die Burg viel größer als angenommen war, und das sich wahrscheinlich auch noch Reste auf den benachbarten Grundstücken finden lassen würden , die nicht im Besitz der Stadt sind.
Sicher ist auch, dass auf der Südseite ein Wassergraben vorhanden war der noch Mitte des 19.Jh.,als Weiher bestand.

Die Burg war niemals von politischer oder strategischer Bedeutung und wurde spätestens zur Zeit der französischen Besetzung des Rheinlandes um das Jahr 1807 von diesen zerstört. 
Heute ist der noch gut zehn Meter Aufragende Rest des Hauptturms das dominierende Kennzeichen der Burg. Daneben sind nur eher bescheidene Ruinen der Burggebäude sowie einige Grundmauern erhalten.
Die in einem Talgrund stehende Ruine ist grundsätzlich jederzeit frei zugänglich und steht unter Denkmalschutz.

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.graf-von-berg.de/ruinen/herrenbroel/index.htm Informationen über die Ruine]
* [http://www.ruppichteroth.de/foto-herrenbroel.htm Ansicht der Burg]

[[Kategorie:Burgruine in Nordrhein-Westfalen|Herrenbröl]]

Burgruine Herrenbröl

2006-10-07T20:42:08Z

64.12.117.9:

Die '''Burgruine Herrenbröl''' ist eine kleine [[Burgruine]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]. Sie gehört zur Gemeinde [[Ruppichteroth]] und befindet im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] im [[Bergisches Land|Bergischen Land]].

== Lage ==
Die kleine [[Niederungsburg]] liegt im Tal des ''Waldbrölbaches'' auf einer Höhe von gut 150 Metern über NN zwischen der Gemeinde [[Ruppichteroth]] im Westen und der Stadt [[Waldbröl]] nord-östlich des Höhenzuges [[Nutscheid]].

== Geschichte und Anlage ==
Die Geschichte der Burg liegt weitestgehend im Dunklen.
Die Anlage wurde wohl schon im 13. Jahrhundert als Rittersitz erbaut . Aus dieser Zeit stammen noch wenige Reste wie z.B. der [[Burgbrunnen]].
Im 15ten Jahrhundert wurden der Turm sowie weitere Teile der Burganlage wahrscheinlich von den Herren von Scheidt errichtet. 
Mitte des 18.Jh. kam die Burg durch Heirat der Reichsfreiin Caroline von Neukirchen gen. Nievenheim an den Freiherrn Carl Georg von Martial zu Birlinghoven, dem Enkel des Generalfeldmarschall und Generaldjutanten beim Pfalzgrafen, Johann Wilhelm, Maximilian Carl von Martial zu Veynau.
Die Familie von Martial konnte die Burg aufgrund des weit verbreiteten Niedergang des Adels und wirtschaftlicher Not nicht halten.
Um 1895 musste der letzte Freiherr von Martial zu Herrenbröl die Reste des ehemals so stolzen Herrensitzes verkaufen.
Auf dem Burggelände stand einst eine kleine Kapelle, in der noch 1796 die letze Traung eines Martials zelebriert wurde.
Ausserdem hatten die Herren zu Herrenbröl bis 1826 das Patronat über die Stiftskirche zu Schönenberg.
In den Neunziger Jahren des letzen Jahrhundert erwarb die Stadt Ruppichteroth Teile des Geländes mit der Burgruine und ließ das von Carl Georg von Martial oder seinen Söhnen anfang des 19 Jh. erbaute Haus, welches auf dem Keller des ehemealigen,zerstörten Herrenhauses der Burg stand, niederreißen.
Das Amt für Boden und Denkmalpflege des Landes NRW begann danach mit Grabungen auf dem Burggelände und vermaß die alte Anlage. Dabei mußte man feststellen das die Burg viel größer als angenommen war, und das sich wahrscheinlich auch noch Reste auf den benachbarten Grundstücken finden lassen würden , die nicht im Besitz der Stadt sind.
Sicher ist auch, dass auf der Südseite ein Wassergraben vorhanden war der noch Mitte des 19.Jh.,als Weiher bestand.

Die Burg war niemals von politischer oder strategischer Bedeutung und wurde spätestens zur Zeit der französischen Besetzung des Rheinlandes um das Jahr 1807 von diesen zerstört. 
Heute ist der noch gut zehn Meter Aufragende Rest des Hauptturms das dominierende Kennzeichen der Burg. Daneben sind nur eher bescheidene Ruinen der Burggebäude sowie einige Grundmauern erhalten.
Die in einem Talgrund stehende Ruine ist grundsätzlich jederzeit frei zugänglich und steht unter Denkmalschutz.

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.graf-von-berg.de/ruinen/herrenbroel/index.htm Informationen über die Ruine]
* [http://www.ruppichteroth.de/foto-herrenbroel.htm Ansicht der Burg]

[[Kategorie:Burgruine in Nordrhein-Westfalen|Herrenbröl]]

Fox McCloud

2006-09-15T19:29:07Z

64.12.117.9:

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|200px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
'''Fox McCloud''' (フォックス・マクラウド ''Fokkusu Makuraudo'') is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space ship as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communication device on his head in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the [[Super Smash Bros. series]]. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the communication device, has brighter green clothes, wears a vest instead of a jacket, and wears fingerless gloves. He also wears a knee pad on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red jumpsuit and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communication device from the older Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. The Great Fox then leaves Corneria City, presumably to take the team to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continue pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses the Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal.

As ''Command'' has several different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take.

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfits. On the background, the Star Fox team symbol.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox.

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down; however, some of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' (Fighting game, [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

{{Star Fox series}}
{{Super Smash Bros. series}}
[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Star Fox members|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Star Fox characters|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional gunslingers]]
[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Fox McCloud

2006-09-10T18:07:43Z

64.12.117.9:

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|200px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
{{Nihongo'''Fox McCloud'''|フォックス・マクラウド|Fokkusu Makuraudo}} is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space ship as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communications helmet in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the games ''Super Smash Bros.'' and ''Super Smash Bros. Melee''. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the helmet and puts on a red scarf and zips open his jacket. He also wears socks and switches his pants color from gray to green. He also wears a knee pad on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red jumpsuit and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communications helmet from the old Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. The Great Fox then leaves Corneria City, presumably to take the team to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continue pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses the Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal.

As ''Command'' has several different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take.

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfits. On the background, the Star Fox team symbol.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox. The competitive ''Smash'' community considers Fox the top character due to his running speed (Second to [[Captain Falcon]]) and attack speed(best in the game), as well as his devastating combo capabilities. He is also the most exploitable character glitch-wise, with many advanced tecniques involving waveshining combos. It is unknown whether or not Fox will be in the next installment, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]''.

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down, however, most of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' (Fighting game, [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

{{Star Fox series}}
{{Super Smash Bros. series}}
[[Category:Animal superheroes]]
[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Star Fox members|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Star Fox characters|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries]]
[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans]]
[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Fox McCloud

2006-09-10T17:20:44Z

64.12.117.9:

{{General CVG character
|name=Fox McCloud
|image=[[Image:Foxcommand.jpg|200px|]]
|caption=Fox McCloud in ''[[Star Fox Command]]''.
|series=[[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]]
|firstgame=''[[Star Fox]]'' (1993)
|creator=[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]
|artist=[[Takaya Imamura]]
|voiceactor=[[Mike West]] (''Star Fox 64'') [[Steve Malpass]] (''SSB Melee'' and ''Adventures'') Jim Walker (''Assault'')
|japanactor=[[Shinobu Satouchi]] (''Smash Bros.'' series) [[Kenji Nojima]] (''Assault'')
}}
{{Nihongo'''Fox McCloud'''|フォックス・マクラウド|Fokkusu Makuraudo}} is a [[fictional character|fictional]] [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] fox from the [[Star Fox series|''Star Fox'' series]] of video games. He was created by [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] and designed by [[Takaya Imamura]]. As his name implies, he is a [[fox]] (although anthropomorphized), and the protagonist of the ''Star Fox'' series; despite confusion that he was originally understood to be a human whose name was Fox, Imamura has since made it clear that he is indeed a fox. According to ''[[Star Fox 64]]'' Player's Guide, Fox's image was modeled after the Japanese god [[Inari (god)|Inari]]'s foxes ([[kitsune]]), though they are white while McCloud bears [[Red Fox]] markings. Fox even wears a red "bib" around his neck, much like the statues at the Inari shrines.

Fox McCloud was born on the planet [[Corneria]] in the Lylat System and pilots the [[Arwing]] space ship as leader of the mercenary Star Fox team, summoned by [[General Pepper]]. He is the son of the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#James McCloud|James McCloud]], founder of the Star Fox team. His father was killed by his archnemesis [[Andross]], making his son step up as leader of Star Fox.

In ''[[Star Fox]]'' and ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', Fox was around the age of eighteen, and was naturally still learning. Now he has become an expert pilot, and is much more confident, as evident in his appearance.

In ''Star Fox 64'', he was voiced by Mike West (contrary to popular belief, [[Charles Martinet]] did not provide the voice for Fox, nor was he even involved with the game). In the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series, Fox's voices were done by [[Shinobu Satouchi]]. For English dialogue of ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' and ''Star Fox Adventures'', Fox's voice was done by [[Rare (video game company)|Rare]]'s [[Steve Malpass]]. In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', his voice was done by Jim Walker in the English release and by [[Kenji Nojima]] in the Japanese release.

==Physical appearance ==
Fox wears a flight jacket and a communications helmet in ''Star Fox'', ''Star Fox 2'', and ''Star Fox 64'',. This can also be seen in the games ''Super Smash Bros.'' and ''Super Smash Bros. Melee''. In ''Adventures'', his look was updated. He loses the helmet and puts on a red scarf and zips open his jacket. He also wears socks and switches his pants color from gray to green. He also wears a knee pad on his left leg. In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Fox wears a green and red jumpsuit and a white jacket and belt, apparently lightly armored. He also wears more pads on his elbows and knees and has a communicator on his arm. He also has a back pack for carrying items, including rock candies and [[Krystal (Star Fox)|Krystal]]'s staff in ''Adventures'' to weapons in ''Assault''. In the most recent installment, ''Star Fox Command'', Fox has gone back to wearing his flight jacket and communications helmet from the old Star Fox games.

== History ==
===Early life===
Fox is the son of the Star Fox team's founder, James McCloud. His mother has never been mentioned in the actual games, but the ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' comic detailed her as [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Vixy Reinard|Vixy Reinard]], who was accidentally killed by Andross. Many fans, however, do not believe this to be part of the actual games' storyline, so his mother remains a mystery. James taught Fox under the lifestyle of not giving up; something that Fox recalls often. During his early teens, Fox was a member of the Cornerian flight academy, along with his friend [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]]. When General Pepper sent the Star Fox team to investigate Venom's strange activity, [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Pigma Dengar|Pigma Dengar]] betrayed his team, causing James McCloud and his close friend, Peppy Hare, to get captured by Andross. Peppy barely escaped Venom, and returned to Corneria to inform Fox of his father's fate. Upon hearing this news, Fox dropped out of the academy to avenge his father, and Peppy took Fox under his wing and began to train him.

===''Star Fox''===
In the original game, Fox is still an amateur pilot in training. His father had just gone missing after pursuit of Andross, and was last seen in "The Awesome Black Hole" (a result of Andross' experiments) before his disappearance. Fox McCloud decided to step up and create the Star Fox team, which includes [[Falco Lombardi]], [[Peppy Hare]], and [[Slippy Toad]]. Soon, he and the rest of the Star Fox team are hired by General Pepper to stop the threat of Andross. With a strategic route in mind, they tackle Andross' forces until they reach the planet Venom. After several more hardships, Fox decides go to Andross' base alone at the last moment. He goes against Andross in the final battle alone, and successfully defeats him. They then head back to Corneria.

===''Star Fox 64''===
Star Fox is called upon to stop Andross and save the Lylat System. Fox leads a new Star Fox throughout the battles in the Lylat System, running into allies and enemies alike. His friendship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Bill Grey|Bill Grey]] is revealed during one of these missions, and he also goes toe-to-toe with [[Wolf O'Donnell]] of [[Star Wolf (Star Fox)|Star Wolf]] in others. Once Star Fox reaches Venom, they fight through its defensive lines all the way to Andross's base. Despite the protests of his team, Fox enters alone. Fearlessly, he defeats Andross one on one, but Andross refuses to fall alone and attempts to take Fox with him. Fox is then shocked to hear his father's voice intone 'Don't ''ever'' give up, my son' and follows his father's Arwing as Andross' base explodes behind him. It is unclear whether James was actually alive or whether this was some sort of ghost or other apparition; but one can see a beam of light (be it a spirit or an actual arwing) flying away in the distance as the team congratulates Fox for a job well done. They head back to Corneria, where Pepper offers to officially integrate Star Fox into the Corneria Army. Fox declines, saying that they prefer the way things are now. Fox is soon told by ROB via communicator that the Great Fox is prepared to leave. The Great Fox then leaves Corneria City, presumably to take the team to their next job.

===''Star Fox Adventures''===
In ''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'', supposedly set eight years after the events of ''[[Star Fox 64]]'', a cockier Fox McCloud calmed the conflict on [[List of Star Fox planets and locations#Sauria|Sauria]] (also known as "Dinosaur Planet") by teaming with Prince Tricky of the EarthWalker tribe and returning the SpellStones to their rightful positions in two of the planet's temples, freeing an imprisoned Krystal by returning the five remaining Krazoa Spirits to their rightful positions, and defeating a reawakened Andross, who was behind the troubles on Sauria. After that, he returned to [[Great Fox]], and General Pepper paid him for saving Sauria. He and [[Falco Lombardi]] (who had mysteriously disappeared) were reunited, and Krystal joined the Star Fox team. Immediately afterwards, the Star Fox team apparently used the money that Fox received to repair the Great Fox.

===''Star Fox: Assault''===
[[Image:SFAfox.jpg|thumb|125px|right|Fox McCloud, as seen in ''Star Fox: Assault''.]]
In ''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'', Star Fox is called upon by [[General Pepper]] to assist in crushing [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Andrew Oikonny|Andrew Oikonny's]] rebellion against Corneria. However, during the fight with Oikonny, an [[Star Fox: Assault#Aparoids|Aparoid]] descends upon the battle and blasts Oikonny's flagship. After its defeat, Star Fox learns of the new menacing threat caused by the Aparoids. Thus Fox and company trek across Lylat to battle the Aparoids and defend the system from complete "assimiliation." However, during one of these missions, [[Pigma Dengar|Pigma]] steals the Core Memory of an Aparoid and flees. Fox tracks him down to a space station belonging to none other than [[Wolf O'Donnell]]. Star Fox and Star Wolf have yet another battle, resulting in Star Wolf's defeat. Fox's continue pursuit of Pigma eventually leads him to the Asteroid belt where he confronts the infected Pigma in their final battle. Pigma is then destroyed by Fox (though it is not certain that this was actually Pigma he was confronting due to the fact that Pigma's mind was taken over by the Aparoids and mutated/fused with a space station).

While en route to Corneria, Krystal senses the Sauria is under attack. Worried about [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Prince Tricky|Tricky]], Fox and Krystal go to Sauria's surface to battle the Aparoids. Afterwards, the Aparoids appear to be too much for Cornerian forces and eventually invade Corneria. Fox goes to the planet to help, but eventually gets surrounded on all sides. He is surprisingly saved by Wolf, who then assists him in defeating an infected General Pepper. Fox and Wolf temporarily put aside their differences in this war with the Aparoids. Wolf comes to Fox's aid once again while defending a Gate from Aparoid missiles.

Fox played a crucial role in defeating the Aparoids, firing the final shot to bring down the [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Aparoid Queen|Aparoid Queen]]. It is due to the Aparoid threat that Fox and his team joined forces with their rivals, Star Wolf, to defeat the Aparoids. Something interesting to note is that this is the first Star Fox game where the rest of Star Fox joins Fox in the final battle.

===''Star Fox Command''===
Once again, the Lylat System falls under peril in ''Star Fox Command'', this time under a new foe known as the Anglars, who originated from Venom's acidic oceans. It is up to Fox McCloud to save the galaxy once more by slowly liberating invaded territory and arriving at Venom to defeat the Anglar leader. This time, he begins the battles with only ROB at his side, as the team split up for separate reasons. Along the way, other characters join Fox, and the team becomes whole again. Even the most unexpected people have a common goal.

As ''Command'' has several different outcomes, it is uncertain which is the true path Fox and crew take.

==''Super Smash Bros.'' series==
[[Image:Fox_McCloud.jpg|thumb|145px|right|One of Fox McCloud's victory poses from ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'', along with one of his alternate outfits. On the background, the Star Fox team symbol.]]
Fox McCloud is also one of the characters in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' game for the [[Nintendo 64]] and its [[Nintendo GameCube|GameCube]] sequel, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]''. He wears his ''Star Fox 64'' outfit in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series. He is a fast, fierce character with an extremely powerful up smash. His "Fire Fox" special move is a fire attack which he can use to gain altitude; his "Reflector" returns enemy projectile attacks and also damages opponents if the player can hit them with it; and he also uses his rapid-fire blaster. ''Super Smash Bros. Melee'' makes him lighter and adds a "Fox Illusion" dash attack. [[Falco Lombardi]], added for ''SSBM'', plays far more similarly to the N64 Fox. The competitive ''Smash'' community considers Fox the top character due to his running speed (Second to [[Captain Falcon]]) and attack speed(best in the game), as well as his devastating combo capabilities. He is also the most exploitable character glitch-wise, with many advanced tecniques involving waveshining combos. It is unknown whether or not Fox will be in the next installment, ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]''.

==Love life==
In the [[1993]] ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' ''Star Fox'' comic, Fox had what fans considered to be a romantic relationship with [[List of characters in the Star Fox series#Fara Phoenix|Fara Phoenix]]. While slightly ambiguous, it is obvious that they held mutual affections for each other, by the way flirt and hold each other on several occasions throughout the comics. Still, the comics are considered non canon, since Star Fox 64 replaced the original SNES Star Fox title.

In ''Star Fox Adventures'', it was hinted that there was a relationship growing when he met Krystal (referring to her as "beautiful" and staring at her for several seconds before Peppy contacts him, telling him to stop goofing off and to get back to the mission), and there was some mutual interest shown in Krystal. According to some [http://krystal.dwightdesign.com/audio/adventuresUnused.html unused audio] in ''Adventures'', Fox and Krystal originally were going to have a much deeper relationship, but this was ultimately scrapped for unknown reasons.

In ''Star Fox: Assault'', Krystal and Fox's relationship is advanced (though not a major part of the story). Krystal's affection for Fox can been seen in her constant desire to help Fox, and the way she flirtatiously tells Fox that they "finally have a mission together" during Sauria's invasion. Fox is quite shy about anything personal between the two, stammering if Krystal flirts with him. Fox's affection for Krystal can be most notably seen during the cutscene after the Sauria mission. When Tricky tells Fox to bring Krystal to Sauria on their honeymoon, Fox frantically tells Tricky that "we're not yet..." and he continues to stutter with his tongue tied. Tricky playfully pointed out that Fox just said "not yet," resulting in Fox trying to change the subject. Krystal giggled to herself during their conversation, showing that she is entertained and not bothered by this exchange.

In the opening of ''[[Star Fox Command]]'', it is revealed that Fox and Krystal did pursue a romantic relationship, and that the two never wanted to be without each other. Fox knew the dangers of their profession, and had to ask Krystal to step down, however, most of the endings feature Fox and Krystal making up while some others show them both taking a different path.

==Appearance in games==
Fox McCloud has been featured in several games, beginning with the original ''[[Star Fox]]'' for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]]/Super Famicom:

*''[[Star Fox]]'' ([[Scrolling shooter]], [[1993]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 2]]'' (Unreleased scrolling shooter, [[1995]], SNES)
*''[[Star Fox 64]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[1997]], [[Nintendo 64]])
*''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' ([[Versus fighting game|Fighting game]], [[1999]], N64)
*''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' (Fighting game, [[2001]], [[Nintendo GameCube]])
*''[[Star Fox Adventures]]'' ([[Adventure game]], [[2002]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox: Assault]]'' (Action/adventure game, [[Action game|Action]], [[2005]], GCN)
*''[[Star Fox Command]]'' (Scrolling shooter, [[2006]], [[Nintendo DS]])

Fox also has small cameos in other games, notably ''[[Stunt Race FX]]'', where a portrait of him can be found in track-side billboards. In ''[[F-Zero GX]]'', a Fox McCloud custom paint job can be applied to the vehicles. In [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]], a hack in the game to change an enemy into an Arwing complete with flight and lasers. Another cameo is in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]'' where his Arwing can be seen on a crate. In [[Animal Crossing]], there is a piece of furniture modelled after his [[Arwing]] from [[Star Fox 64]].

==External links==
* [http://www.starfox.com ''Star Fox'' official site]

{{Star Fox series}}
{{Super Smash Bros. series}}

[[Category:Fictional foxes|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Star Fox members|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Star Fox characters|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Nintendo protagonists|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Super Smash Bros. fighters|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries]]
[[Category:Fictional aviators|McCloud, Fox]]
[[Category:Fictional orphans]]
[[es:Fox McCloud]]
[[fr:Fox McCloud]]
[[fi:Fox McCloud]]
[[sv:Fox McCloud]]

Crab Cake

2006-08-28T22:40:34Z

64.12.117.9:

[[Image:Garnished crabcake.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A [[garnish]]ed crabcake]]
Crab Cakes are the meaning to life

{{cuisine-stub}}

[[Category:Seafood]]
[[Category:American cuisine]]

Crab Cake

2006-08-18T10:22:12Z

64.12.117.9:

[[Image:Garnished crabcake.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A [[garnish]]ed crabcake]]
They are the meaning to life itself

Since 1993 Crabcake makers are legally obliged to label them as "Crab-Flavoured" Cakes.

{{cuisine-stub}}

[[Category:Seafood]]
[[Category:American cuisine]]

Kanon (Fiktion)

2006-08-09T01:32:50Z

64.12.117.9: /* The Simpsons */

{{unreferenced}}

In the context of fiction, the '''canon''' of a [[fictional universe]] comprises those novels, stories, films, etc. that are considered to be genuine (or "official"), and those events, characters, settings, etc. that are considered to have inarguable existence within the fictional universe. Usually items that are considered canon come from the original source of the fictional universe while '''non-canon''' material comes from adaptations or unofficial items. Generally, [[Expanded Universe]]s are not considered canon, though there are exceptions which are considered '''near-canon''', or in the case of ''[[Star Wars]]'', the Expanded Universe is considered '''full canon'''. By analogy with the idea of a canon of [[Scripture]], things which are not canon are considered "[[apocrypha (fiction)|apocrypha]]l". See [[Biblical canon]]. In [[Layman]]'s terms, one could basically say that something that is canon is something that "actually happened" in that universe.

[[Fan fiction]] '''''was''''' never considered canon, until the precendent-shattering advent of the [[1632 series|1632 Universe]] in February [[2000]] by [[Eric Flint]], wherein fans and other established authors were invited on the internet forum [[Baen's Bar]] to shape the [[Parallel universe (fiction)|multiverse]] and the fan-fic once vetted is itself published in the various ''[[The Grantville Gazette|Grantville Gazettes]]'', themselves under the direct editorial control of Flint and an [[1632 editorial board]]. This is an ongoing process that apparently will continue indefinitely as the series continues to burgeon in popularity.

Sometimes, however, events or characterizations portrayed in fan fiction can become so influential that they are respected in fiction written by many different authors, and may be mistaken for canonical facts by fans. This is referred to as "[[fanon (fiction)|fanon]]". The use of fan fiction to fill gaps or continuity errors in canon is derisively called "fanwanking," or "[[fanwank]]". (The terms fanon and fanwank can apply to officially licensed works as well.)

Canonicity of fiction is a distinctly modern idea, since earlier ages, before the current ideas of [[intellectual property]] came about, did not distinguish between "official" and "unofficial" sources of stories.

A great deal of the interest and controversy over canonicity comes from the Star Wars franchise, because of the unique-for-its-time goal of derivative works such as Star Wars books to be completely in continuity with each other and with the Star Wars movies.

==Examples of fictional canons==
===[[Alien]]===
What is considered to be canon in this Universe are the movies, their scripts, the novelizations (not to be confused with the [[Dark Horse]] novels), some information from the DVD supplements (take with a grain of salt: writers have some priority over director's comments) and magazine interviews. Since the comic books and the [[Dark Horse]] novels contradict the events in the movies (and sometimes each other), they are not considered canon. Video games are also not canon for the same reason (whatever "information " that is "revealed" in them are to make them a bit more interesting; not to mention giving the players more difficult creatures to kill).

Some of the younger fans reject the novelizations as they feel that they cannot obtain any of them, as well as most of the information sources that were available when the first movie was released (which was before many of them were born). For this reason, they will readily accept the [[Dark Horse]] novels and video games out of availability, but in addition to the shortcomings mentioned above, the writers of the books and games have no connections to the movies, whatsoever.

Although not all of the information found in the novelizations can be relied upon, there is a wealth of information can be found, as they were based on the most recent script drafts that were available. Not all of the information can be relied upon, but, conversely, none of it should be shunned. For example, the novelization states that the occupants of the derelict ship had discovered the alien eggs on the planet where the first two movies take place. In the second movie, the main character, Ripley, after hearing that there was no indigenous life on that planet, answers that the derelict ship had brought the eggs to that planet. This can be assumed in that she hadn't visited the ship and those who had did not check the ship's manifest to see if the eggs were onboard before the ship had landed there.

To reconcile the two sides, it could very well be that the crew of the alien derelict had visited the planet many millennia ago, discovered the eggs of a dying race, stored them aboard their ship, were infected, and sent out a signal warning other ships to stay away. Time passes, the planet deteriorates further, leaving the only life available on that planet in the stasis field of the derelict ship.

Another contradiction that had been resolved is that the "Cocoon Scene" in [[Alien]], where Ripley discovers her cocooned shipmates, Dallas and Kane. In this scene, she finds that Brett is being transformed into an alien egg with Dallas, having been cocooned, either waiting to become a host for the alien egg's larva (the facehugger) or was in the process of becoming an egg himself. Since this scene was excised for pacing issues, [[James Cameron]] used its omission to create his "queen alien" concept. This method of reproduction would replace the old concept of an adult alien transforming its victims to eggs. However, to reconcile this, it has been suggested by many that if a lone adult alien should be operating on its own and there is no queen available, it would be able to reproduce by altering the genetic makeup of a host to make a new egg.

Another issue that has caused some confusion is the "Bishop II" character seen at the end of [[Alien^3]]. A few people were under the impression that he was an android. This could be written off simply as ignorance of basic medical knowledge and not doing simple research. The DVD commentary track (which features effects people Alec Gillis and Tom Woodruff, Jr. and "Bishop II" actor Lance Henriksen) has the aforemention people all declaring that the "Bishop II" character is human (not to mention that one of the effects people mentions how the director wanted everyone to know that "Bishop II" was human and that the script even points to his humanity). Years later, Lance Henriksen had reversed his statement in order to lend some continuity to the movie [[Alien Vs. Predator]]. Unfortunately, since the witers and directors of [[Alien Vs. Predator]] had nothing to do with the making of [[Alien^3]], the character is still considered human as it was the movie where he was established.

===[[Babylon 5]]===
The canon consists of the television series ''[[Babylon 5]]'' and its later TV movies, the TV series ''[[Crusade (TV series)|Crusade]]'', novels published by [[Random House|Dell]] and [[Ballantine Books|Del Rey/Ballantine]], various short stories, and the ''Babylon 5'' comic book published by [[DC Comics]]. This was decided by [[J. Michael Straczynski]], who maintained a tight control on the expanded universe to ensure that nearly '''everything''' was canonical: going so far as to pen elaborate story-outlines hundreds of pages long for the novels' authors based upon his personal historical notes for the B5 universe, and in general seeking to safeguard the spinoff works' reputations for being every bit as legitimate and sophisticated as the television series.

The ''Babylon 5'' novels have a number of major elements that are considered canon by series creator Straczynski. However, the later ones published by Del Rey are generally regarded as being '''more''' canonical than some of the early Dell books, which were published with less storyline oversight by Straczynski than he would later exercise.

The seventh and ninth Dell novels — ''[[The Shadow Within]]'' by [[Jeanne Cavelos]] and ''[[To Dream in the City of Sorrows]]'' by [[Kathryn M. Drennan]] — are the only two books from this run which are considered to be canonical in their entirety, whereas all of the Del Rey novels are fully endorsed by the series' creator, along with the DC comic books and short fiction.

In addition to all this, J. Michael Straczynski is himself (as of early 2006) putting the finishing touches on the manuscript for a 100-page ''Babylon 5'' graphic novel to be published by [[Wildstorm Productions]] sometime in the middle to late period of the year. The premise, characters, and plotline of the book are as yet unknown.

On [[May 21]], [[2006]], in an internet post [http://www.jmsnews.com/msg.aspx?ID=1-17550], J. Michael Straczynski explicitly declared a series of upcoming Babylon 5 novels from [[Mongoose Publishing]] to be non-canonical. Mongoose Publishing had been advertising the novels as "100% Canon" and making them based on J. Michael Straczynski's notes and story outlines, but without his direct consultation. J. Michael Straczynski's reaction was to publicly state that the contents of those novels did not reflect the Babylon 5 universe as he viewed it, and were to him "licensed fan fiction".

===[[Beauty and the Beast (series)|Beauty and the Beast]]===
Most fans of the [[CBS]] television series consider all episodes of the first season, and at least all Season 2 episodes through "The Hollow Men," to be canonical. Opinions diverge at this point, as the writing of the series took a much darker turn, in an attempt to increase the series' [[Nielsen ratings]] beyond its narrow fan niche; and the final three Season 2 episodes, focusing on Vincent's madness, do not appeal to many fans, who focus on the romantic or literary aspects of the characters.

The sharpest divergence of opinion comes when Season 3 is considered. Fan groups divide into two camps, between those who accept or reject the death of [[Beauty and the Beast (series)#Catherine Chandler|Catherine Chandler]] and the introduction of [[Beauty and the Beast (series)#Diana Bennett|Diana Bennett]]. It has been noted by some that those who accept Season 3 as canonical usually refer to the series as ''B&B'', while the opposite side uses ''BATB''. The opinion divided the fan community enough that an audience roundtable discussion on "Healing the Rift in Fandom" was organized at the 1991 ''South of Oz'' fan convention in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Florida]].

===Buffyverse===
{{main|Buffyverse canonical issues}}

The ''[[Buffyverse]]'' canon consists of the television series ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' and ''[[Angel (TV series)|Angel]]'' as well as the comics ''[[Fray]]'', ''[[Tales of the Vampires]]'', and ''[[Tales of the Slayers]]''. All of the tie-in novels and video-games, along with most of the comics are largely considered either non-canon or [[Apocrypha (fiction)|Apocrypha]]. Some of the comics are written by members of Mutant Enemy writing staff; the canonical status of these materials is unclear.

===DC Universe===
====DC Universe (comics)====
Most, but not all, [[comic book]]s published by [[DC Comics]] take place in a shared world known as the [[DC Universe]]. The canon of this world comprises all the [[post-Crisis]] comics not stated to be set in an [[parallel universe (fiction)|alternate universe]], except those specifically contradicted by later stories following ''[[Zero Hour (comics)|Zero Hour]]'' (most notably, ''[[Batman: Year Two]]'', ''[[Batman: Son of the Demon]]'' and the ''[[Action Comics]] Weekly'' strip featuring [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel]]). The events may not have occurred exactly as shown, however, owing to the [[floating timeline]].

Appearances of the DC Comics characters in other media are not considered canon, however, the appearance of a Marvel Comics character, Jigsaw, during a Marvel/DC comics publishing [[Intercompany crossover|crossover]], is apparently considered a piece of canon for the adventures of Jean-Paul Valley, aka [[Azrael (comics)|Azrael]], who at one point took up the role of The [[Batman]]. Jigsaw was an enemy of Frank Castle, a Marvel Comics character called The [[Punisher]].

Some discrepancies in the DC Universe's canon may be accounted for by the concept of [[Hypertime (comics)|Hypertime]]. Others may be addressed in an anticipated continuity revision stemming from the current [[fictional crossover|crossover]] series ''[[Infinite Crisis]]''.

====DC Animated Universe====
Many of the DC [[animated television series]] of the [[1990s]] and [[2000s]] comprise their own canon, distinct from that of the comic books that spawned them (as well as previous animated series based on the same properties). This "[[DC Animated Universe]]" includes ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]''; ''[[The New Batman Adventures]] (considered by most to be an extension of Batman: The Animated Series)''; ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]''; ''[[Batman Beyond]]''; ''[[The Zeta Project]]''; ''[[Static Shock]]''; ''[[Justice League (TV series)|Justice League]]''; and ''[[Justice League Unlimited]]'', as well as the animated movies ''[[Batman: Mask of the Phantasm]]''; ''[[World's Finest]]''; ''[[Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero]]''; ''[[Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker]]''; and ''[[Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman]]''.

As is typical with all secondary information sources, fans are divided upon whether to consider the various comic books based on the animated series part of the official canon. However, when the ''Justice League'' series contradicted the ''[[Superman Adventures]]'' comic book (by showing the animated [[Supergirl]] as vunerable to [[Kryptonite]]), [[Dwayne McDuffie]] stated on Usenet "We don't follow the comic book continuity, even the "Adventures" line"[http://groups.google.co.uk/group/rec.arts.comics.dc.universe/msg/b049f648e6a81e14?hl=en&].

The ''[[Teen Titans (TV series)|Teen Titans]]'' animated series, although based on DC comics, is its own continuity with no real ties to the main "DCAU", but there is a reference to it in Static Shock. The current Batman animated series, ''[[The Batman]]'', is also unrelated to the DCAU.

===Discworld===
According to comments made by [[Terry Pratchett]] on Usenet, all the ''[[Discworld]]'' novels, including the ones aimed at younger readers, are canonical, as are the "peripheral" books such as ''[[Nanny Ogg's Cookbook]]'' and the Mapps. Spin-off media, such as the computer games and ''[[GURPS Discworld]]'', are not, although he usually has a strong influence on them to ensure they remain true to the spirit of the books.

===Doctor Who===
There has never been an "official" statement on what is canonical ''[[Doctor Who]]''. ''Doctor Who'' has never had a single author or authority and it is apparent that the [[BBC]], which owns the series, has generally not cared about the matter. The many creators of ''Doctor Who'' have always treated the concept of continuity loosely. Fans run a spectrum between those who consider only the television series canonical and those who consider all ''Doctor Who'' canonical. Within that spectrum many view the licensed [[novel]]s and [[radio drama|audio plays]] as at least near-canonical, and some of those would also include the ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'' comic strips. It is generally assumed that all televised ''Doctor Who'' episodes from 1963 to 1989, the 1981 spin-off ''[[K-9 and Company]]'', the [[Doctor Who (1996)|1996 telemovie]] and the new series, which started in 2005, are canonical, including a 1965 episode in which the [[First Doctor]] breaks the [[fourth wall]] to wish viewers a Merry [[Christmas]] ("The Feast of Steven", episode 7 of ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'').

Generally, the canonical status of all [[Doctor Who spin-offs|''Doctor Who'' spin-off]] media outside of what has been presented on screen (bar obvious spoofs) is debatable, including the [[BBC radio]] dramas and [[webcast]]s based upon the show. There have also been several professionally produced films featuring characters and alien races created for ''Doctor Who'' that have been licensed directly from the writers who originated them, a loophole that allows the creation of ''Doctor Who'' spin-offs that do not reference the Doctor; the canonicity of these productions also falls into a "grey area" in terms of canon.

The two theatrical films based upon the series in the 1960s, starring [[Peter Cushing]], are not generally considered canonical due to their fundamental differences from the TV series continuity, nor is the considerable background information contained in the [[role-playing game]] produced by FASA in the [[1980s]], considered canon due to the many contradictions therein.

Many of the short stories in the BBC anthology ''Short Trips and Side Steps'' have settings generally considered non-canonical; for instance, one story features the [[Cushing Doctor]], while another is set between the [[Children in Need]] ''[[EastEnders]]'' crossover ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'' and the Doctor's appearance in the schools' programme ''[[Search Out Science]]''.

The comic strips (''Ground Zero'', DWM #238-242), [[Eighth Doctor Adventures]] (''[[Sometime Never...]]'' by [[Justin Richards]]) and the [[Big Finish Productions]] audio plays (''[[Zagreus (Doctor Who audio)|Zagreus]]'') have all attempted to provide an in-continuity explanation for discrepancies by suggesting that their respective continuities take place in separate [[Parallel universe (fiction)|parallel universe]]s.

A new series of novels based upon the current ''Doctor Who'' series is in release. The television series has referred to these (most notably in ''[[Boom Town (Doctor Who)|Boom Town]]'', in which [[Rose Tyler]] mentioned a trip to the planet Justicia, depicted in the [[New Series Adventures (Doctor Who)|New Series Adventures]] novel ''[[The Monsters Inside (Doctor Who)|The Monsters Inside]]''). Other episodes also made oblique references to the ''Doctor Who Magazine'' comic strip ("kronkburgers" in ''[[The Long Game]]'') and the [[Virgin New Adventures]] (the planet Lucifer, mentioned in ''[[Bad Wolf]]'', and the Doctor's title "The Oncoming Storm", mentioned in ''[[The Long Game]]''), but these are most likely playful tributes rather than deliberate attempts to dictate a ''Doctor Who'' canon. Still, these references are innovations peculiar to the 2005 series; the original 1963–1989 series never referred to adventures published in other media.

===[[Donald Duck universe]]===
As [[Don Rosa]] wrote the [[Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck]] he considered the published works of [[Carl Barks]] as canonic.

===Dungeons & Dragons===
The concept of canon plays an important role in the fantasy [[role-playing game]] ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' (D&D). Over the years, a number of [[campaign setting]]s have been published for ''D&D'', each detailing a world or worlds that provide a setting in which the game can be played. There are two types of canon issues that arise from this situation.

The first issue is intra-setting canon, which deals with the backstory, locations and gameplay dynamics considered to be canon within a specific setting. Because ''D&D'' generally falls into the fantasy sub-genre of [[sword and sorcery]], canon discrepancies can arise beyond just the typical issues in fiction of history, plot and character. For example, debates regarding canon within a given setting may include such arcana as the source of various magical powers and how they operate within the setting. Theological issues related to the various [[List of deities of Dungeons & Dragons|deities]] that may exist within the setting occur, as do disagreements regarding the canon [[cosmology]] of the setting's universe.

The second type of canon problem that arises in ''D&D'' is inter-setting canon, concerned primarily with the relationships between different settings. Many ''D&D'' publications have discussed how the various settings are related to each other within the ''D&D'' [[parallel universe (fiction)|multiverse]] of various [[Plane (Dungeons & Dragons)|planes of existence]], although these relationships are debated or even denied by some fans of the game.

There is no single "official" canon for ''D&D''. From the very beginnings of the game in the 1970s through to the present, the issue of canon has been left up to each individual [[Dungeon Master]], who runs the game session for the other players. The Dungeon Master is free to determine which published materials ([[Adventure (Dungeons & Dragons)|adventure modules]], novels, sourcebooks, video games, comic books, etc.) are canonical in his or her own campaign, and how the various ''D&D'' rules apply to that campaign.

Nevertheless, ''D&D'' players often move between games managed by different Dungeon Masters, and many also congregate for gaming tournaments, play in shared [[living campaigns]], or play the game on-line with different participants than in their normal gaming sessions. In order to achieve even a basic level of continuity among these various game instances, ''D&D'' fans must therefore confront the issue of canon.

To achieve the desired level of continuity, various mechanisms are employed to manage ''D&D'' "canon." The organizers of gaming tournaments, for example, will often specify which sets of rules and conventions are "in force" for tournament gameplay. Living campaigns usually attempt to develop a more comprehensive set of canon materials and sourcebooks, such as the ''Living Greyhawk Gazetteer'' for the ''[[Living Greyhawk]]'' campaign. And for individually-run games, it is common for Dungeon Masters to briefly discuss their own vision of ''D&D'' canon with each new player who joins his or her campaign.

Finally, following the emergence of the World Wide Web, a number of Web sites have arisen that enable players to discuss canon issues and work toward (or reject) canonical norms. These include the Web site of [[Wizards of the Coast]][http://www.wizards.com/], the intellectual property rightsholder and publisher for ''D&D'', as well as fan-run sites such as ''EN World''[http://www.enworld.org/] and ''Canonfire''[http://www.canonfire.com/].

===Firefly/Serenity===
''Firefly'' canonicity is based on the involvement of the series creator, [[Joss Whedon]]; for example, the novelization of the film is not considered canon due to the fact that Whedon had very little to do with its content. The canon of ''[[Firefly (TV series)|Firefly]]'' includes (in chronological order):

*The [[R. Tam sessions]]
*The fourteen episodes of the TV show
*The three-issue comic book series ''[[Serenity: Those Left Behind]]''
*The feature film ''[[Serenity (film)|Serenity]]''.
*An upcoming three-issue comic book series sequel, yet to be titled, which was recently announced as in-progress on Whedonesque[http://www.whedonesque.com].

===Harry Potter===
While there is no official statement on what is considered to be ''[[Harry Potter]]'' canon, the majority of fans generally accept it to be the works which come straight from [[J. K. Rowling]] herself. These include the six novels and the two "textbooks", ''Quidditch through the Ages'' and ''Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them''. Many fans will also consider any fact about the series that she has stated on [http://www.jkrowling.com her site], to be canon. Although Rowling is consulted at the writing stage, the Warner Bros. movie adaptations are generally not considered to be canon, and often contain fundamental contradictions with Rowling's works. The only exception is the Godric's Hollow flashback scene in ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'', which was written by Rowling. The [[Harry Potter Lexicon|HP Lexicon]], a respected Harry Potter encyclopedia on the internet, proposes [http://www.hp-lexicon.org/help/hp-faq.html#canon this set of canon rules]: "It can be said that the movies have their own canon, independent of but similar to that of the books."

===Highlander===
{{main|Highlander (film)#Series/Film separation}}

Many fans of ''[[Highlander (film)|Highlander]]'' consider only the first film to be canon (reciting "there can be only one"). Others distinguish the first three films as belonging to one continuity (the "Connor Universe") and the [[Highlander: The Series|television series]] and ''Highlander: Endgame'' as belonging to another (the "Duncan Universe"). The producers of ''Highlander III'' stated in an interview that their movie was not a continuation of ''[[Highlander II: The Quickening|Highlander II]]''.

===[[James Bond]]===
Fans of [[Ian Fleming]]'s superspy are divided over what is considered official canon. There is little argument that all of Fleming's original short stories and novels are canon, and some include the [[Kingsley Amis]] Bond novel, ''[[Colonel Sun]]'' in this canon as well. The status of the [[John Gardner (thriller writer)|John Gardner]] and [[Raymond Benson]] Bond novels in canon is less certain, since both book series have been updated and feature elements and characters created for the movie series. Benson's novels are particularly controversial as they appear to be based upon the Bond movie universe, rather than the literary Bond. The various Bond film novelizations are generally considered [[apocrypha]]l, as is a 1970s "authorized biography" of Bond by [[John Pearson (author)|John Pearson]].

A new series of novels featuring a [[Young Bond|teenage Bond]] written by [[Charlie Higson]] was released in the beginning of [[2005]]. It remains to be seen if this series will be considered official canon. The TV series ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'', while officially licensed, is not considered canonical.

The Bond movies, meanwhile, appear to exist somewhat outside of any canon. Although there is some between-films continuity (e.g. references to the death of Bond's wife), the ever-changing cast has rendered any sort of canon determination virtually impossible. However, as some of the films take place over such a short space of time (the film ''[[GoldenEye]]'' only covers 2 days), some aspects, such as Bond's apparent inability to age, can be accepted without too many questions.

Major changes in a character's age and appearance are taken in stride by comic book fans; a similar approach could create one continuity for the movies, though still independent of the books. This appears to be the approach taken by the book ''James Bond: The Secret World of 007''. It presents a Bond who looks like Pierce Brosnan (except in an appendix giving production information on the movies, all other actors playing Bond are only shown from the back) who remembers the events of ''[[Dr. No]]''. The year each story takes place in is not given, based on the "[[floating timeline|rolling timeline]]" concept.

===[[Legend of Zelda]]===
There are debates on the canonicity of the [[CD-I]] games and the older editions that were full of [[traslations errors]]. Generally, the canon of this [[saga]] is considered to be correctly translated editions of [[The Legend of Zelda]] and [[The Adventure of Link]] featured on [[Game Boy Advance]] and [[GameCube]], the corrected [[remake]] of [[A Link to the Past]] wich came with the also canon [[Four Swords]], [[Link's Awakening DX]] is also definately canon because it corrects [[translations errors]] found in the older editions. All the games that came after [[Ocarina of Time]] are canon except [[Master Quest]] and the [[apparition]] of [[Link]] in other sagas.

===Macross===
The ''[[Macross]]'' story chronology consists of projects developed by the original creators at Studio Nue. Those include two animated TV series (''[[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross]]'' and its distant sequel, ''[[Macross 7]]''), a movie which is treated as a historical drama produced in the "Macross universe" (''[[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Do You Remember Love?]]'') and three original animation videos projects (two sequels, ''[[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Flash Back 2012]]'' and ''[[Macross Plus]]'', and a prequel, ''[[Macross Zero]]''), and various related audio dramas, novels, short stories, manga, and games. The story chronology sets ''[[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross II: Lovers, Again]]'' (the only animated ''Macross'' project without Studio Nue's direct involvement) in a "parallel world" from the other animated projects.

===Marvel Universe===
Most, but not all, comic books published by [[Marvel Comics]] are set in a shared world known as the [[Marvel Universe]]. The canon for this world comprises all the comics not stated to be set in an [[parallel universe (fiction)|alternate universe]], except those specifically contradicted by later stories. The events may not have occurred exactly as shown, however, owing to the [[floating timeline]] (For instance, during the 1960s, Ben Grimm said he had fought in the World War II alongisde Nick Fury; during the 2000s, Grimm himself considered that the idea of him fighting in the World War II was ridiculous, as he would be much older).

Alternate universes in Marvel Comics include, for example, the "Ultimate" line of Marvel comics, which have their own canon independent of the core Marvel universe.

Appearances of the Marvel Comics characters in other media are not considered canon.

===Mega Man===
The ''[[Mega Man (series)|Mega Man]]'' or ''Rockman'' canon is a source of much debate, due to confusing information that may have resulted from plotholes in the games.

According to official sources from [[Capcom]] (such as the ''Rockman Perfect Memories'' book), the series' continuity starts with the original "[[Mega Man Classic|Classic]]" series and proceeds to (in order) ''[[Mega Man X (video game)|Mega Man X]]'', ''[[Mega Man Zero]]'' and ''[[Mega Man Legends]]''. The ''[[Mega Man Battle Network]]'' is set in an alternative universe from the other series and is not part of the franchise's main canon.

''[[Mega Man & Bass]]'', ''Mega Man: Power Battle'' and ''Mega Man: Power Fighters'' are generally accepted as canonical as well. However, the canonical status of some of the other spinoffs, particularly [[Game Boy]] versions of ''Mega Man I'' through ''V''. has not been officially established. The ''Rockman & Forte'' game for [[Wonderswan]] is non-canonical, due to the fact that it was only a licensed product made by Bandai and not developed internally by Capcom.

===Metal Gear===
The ''[[Metal Gear (series)|Metal Gear]]'' canon is comprised for the first two games in the series that were originally released for the [[MSX]]2 and the later sequels released under the ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'' title. ''[[Metal Gear: Ghost Babel]]'' (which contained several discrenpancies between it and the main games) and the ''[[Metal Gear Acid]]'' series are considered side-stories set outside the main canon. ''[[Snake's Revenge]]'', an early ''Metal Gear'' sequel released only for the western market, is the only game not officially recognized by [[Hideo Kojima#Kojima Productions|Kojima Productions]]. ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance]]'', an expanded version of ''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty]]'', contains a series of side-stories titled "Snake Tales" (set in environments recycled from the main game), which are considered uncanonical due to various contradicting details and overall recycled nature of them.

The original ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'' features two different endings, depending on the player's actions during the "torture event". In the first ending, [[Meryl Silverburgh]] survives the events of the game after Snake successfully resist [[Revolver Ocelot]]'s torture; however, if the player submits to the torture event, then an alternate ending is shown where Snake finds Meryl dead. The subsequent game (''[[Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty]]'') makes no specific reference to either ending within the actual storyline, though many hints, such as Snake's Infinite Ammo bandanna have been stated.. As well, the fictional publication ''In the Shadow of Shadow Moses'' featured in the game as a bonus, alludes to Meryl's survival. Also, Meryl is shown to be part of the cast of ''[[Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots]]'', which continues after ''Metal Gear Solid 2''.

===[[Middle-earth]]===
{{main|Middle-earth canon}}
Defining the [[Middle-earth]] canon is difficult, because many key writings were not published by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] before his death. A considerable number of [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]] do not believe that a canon can be defined at all, preferring to observe the evolution of Tolkien's stories in the many versions and drafts published posthumously in [[The History of Middle-earth]] series. Most, however, agree that ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' are canon, and also include a substantial amount of material published in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', and other posthumous books, as well as information from Tolkien's [[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|letters]]. Works outside of canon include art books (except for the collections of Tolkien's own art) and video games; the ''Lord of the Rings'' movies by [[Ralph Bakshi]] and [[Peter Jackson]] are generally considered non-canonical as well.

===[[The Matrix]]===
Spin-offs such as [[The Animatrix]], [[Enter The Matrix]] and the comics are often considered canon due to the involvement of the creators, the [[Wachowski Brothers]].

===Mortal Kombat===
The ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' series has an especially intriguing and complex plot canon. Every game in the series features a different ending for each character. Often, the endings in a single game will contradict each other (with a few exceptions, such as [[Baraka]]'s ending only happening if [[Mileena]]'s does, which in turn, relies on [[Bo' Rai Cho]]'s ending, all in ''[[Mortal Kombat: Deception]]''). Fans tend to speculate about which endings are canon from whatever game has most recently been released, however the "true" endings are never officially known until the plot of the next game is revealed. Because not every ending from a game can be true, the majority of the endings from each game are non-canon. Additionally, portions of some endings may be considered canon while the rest of the ending is ignored.

An interesting trend associated with this line of canon plot is that nearly every game assumes the "good guys" (typically, the Earthrealm kombatants) prevailed over the "bad guys." In fact, this trend has only recently been broken, with the release of 2004's ''[[Mortal Kombat: Deception]]'', which assumes that Earthrealm's warriors lost and died at the hands of the [[Deadly Alliance]].

The ''Mortal Kombat'' canon concerns itself solely with the videogames, and the three comic books created by [[John Tobias]]. Ventures such as the television shows, movies, and [[Malibu Comics]]' series, as well as Jeff Rovin's novel, are not considered part of the storyline.

===[[A Nightmare on Elm Street (series)|Nightmare On Elm Street]]===

Canon for the ''Nightmare On Elm Street'' series only includes what was/is approved by [[New Line Cinema]]. Confusion began with this series when licensing deals were given to various [[comic book]] and [[book]] [[publishing|publishers]] in the 1980s. New Line Cinema did not take an active role in the approval process until 1990.

Considered canon would be the following releases:

* The films released in theatres.
* ''Nightmares On Elm Street'' comic book series by (defunct) [[Innovation Comics]].
* ''Freddy Krueger’s: Tales of Terror'' novel series by [[Tor Books]].
* ''A Nightmare On Elm Street'' comic series by [[Avatar Press]].
* ''A Nightmare On Elm Street'' novel series by [[Black Flame]].

The short lived television series ''[[Freddy's Nightmares]]'' is loosely considered canon. Some episodes present altered backstories/dates from that of the given films. Though most episodes do not interfere with the film events and can fit nicely in the given timeline, the backstories/dates presented in the TV series should not be favored over the films. [http://nightmareonelmstreetfilms.com]

Works that are not canon would include: ''Freddy Krueger’s: A Nightmare on Elm Street'' by [[Marvel Comics]], novel: ''Freddy Krueger’s Seven Sweetest Dreams'', and the short story: “The Life & Death of Freddy Krueger”.

===[[Peanuts]]===
The [[comic strip]] "Peanuts" by [[Charles M. Schulz]] spawned a series of very successful [[animated cartoon|animated]] [[television special|TV specials]] featuring [[Charlie Brown]] and his friends, most of which were faithful to original source material; however, there are a few discrepancies from the "official" Peanuts universe of the comics, mostly in additional information about characters. In the special ''[[It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown]]'', the [[Little Red-Haired Girl]] is shown and named Heather. In the comic strips she remained unseen and unnamed. The special ''[[Snoopy's Reunion]]'' portrays two of [[Snoopy]]'s [[Snoopy's siblings|siblings]], Molly and Rover, who never appear in the comic strip. ''[[You're in the Super Bowl, Charlie Brown]]'' establishes [[Marcie]]'s surname as Johnson and [[Franklin (Peanuts)|Franklin]]'s as Armstrong. Neither character is ever given a surname in the comics. [http://www.peanutscollectorclub.com/peantfaq.txt]

===The Prisoner===
The official canon of the 1960s TV series ''[[The Prisoner]]'', at present, consists of only the 17 broadcast episodes. The alternate versions of the episodes "Arrival" and "Chimes of Big Ben" which include additional scenes (including one sequence in "Chimes" that reveals The Prisoner is capable of determining the location of [[The Village]], rendering one ongoing subplot of the series moot) is not considered canon. The argument over whether [[Number Six (The Prisoner)|Number Six]] is [[John Drake]] has led to debate over whether the ''[[Danger Man]]'' TV series should be considered part of ''The Prisoner'' canon; officially, it is not. Three original novels based on the series written during the 1960s (two of which identify No. 6 as John Drake) are not considered canon; the canon status of a new series of novels launched in 2005 is unclear.

===Resident Evil===
In the ''[[Resident Evil]]'' series, the main "numbered" games (which includes ''[[Resident Evil Code: Veronica]]'') are all considered canonical by [[Capcom]]. However, Capcom has yet to classify the canonical status for many of the side-games, namely the ''Gun Survivor'' series and ''Resident Evil Outbreak'' games. Some fans consider them to be canonical due to several factors, such as an allusion to the Sheena Island incident (the events of ''[[Resident Evil: Survivor]]'') in the beginning of ''[[Resident Evil 0]]''. The only game that is generally seen as uncanonical is ''[[Resident Evil Gaiden]]'', due to an unexplored cliffhanger ending. The films and novelizations (as well as other sanctioned adaptations) are not canonical due to several discrepancies between them and the games.

There has also been debate as to how the events of the earlier games actually transpired due to multiple endings and alternate scenarios of the same storyline. This is best exemplified with the original ''[[Resident Evil (video game)|Resident Evil]]''. In the games that followed, it is stated that [[S.T.A.R.S.]] members [[Chris Redfield]] and [[Jill Valentine]] survived the mansion incident (the events of the original game) along with their respective supporting characters, [[Rebecca Chambers]] and [[Barry Burton]]. However, this is impossible to do in the game itself, due to the fact that the best possible ending for each character only features three of the four surviving S.T.A.R.S. members (Barry and Rebecca are never in the same game together).

===Sherlock Holmes===
The [[Sherlock Holmes]] canon consists of the stories and novels written by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. This was decided by [[the Baker Street Irregulars]], a group of Holmes enthusiasts, to distinguish the original stories from the [[pastiche]]s that followed Holmes' retirement, and is probably the first use of the word in this context.

===The Simpsons===
In ''[[The Simpsons]]'', most episodes are considered to be canon, though some may not be able to match others exactly. There is one episode that parodies this: Ned Flanders gives Homer a football ticket and they become friends by the end of the episode. [http://www.simpsoncrazy.com/episodeguide/season5/1f14.shtml]
<blockquote>Lisa: ''Don't worry, Bart. It seems like every week something odd happens to the Simpsons. My advice is to ride it out, make the occasional smart-aleck quip, and by next week we'll be back to where we started from, ready for another wacky adventure.</blockquote>''
<blockquote>Bart: ''Ay, caramba!</blockquote>''
<blockquote>Lisa: ''That's the spirit.</blockquote>''

In the last scene of the episode, it is like none of it ever happened. This is actually something of a recurring joke; in several episodes this idea of a "status quo" is mentioned, which basically decrees that any change in the Simpsons universe will revert before the episode ends. There is a similar episode involving the past of Principal Skinner which ends in the same fashion, where the Springfield Judge rules that the events of the episode should not be spoken of again. In a later episode, Lisa calls Skinner by his real name when he questions her naming her new cat, identical to Snowball II, Snowball II after the original Snowball II, as well as several other pet cats, die.

Some episodes contain references to others, such as mentions of the Simpson family having travelled to all of the continents in the world, save Antarctica; other times, when things ''don't'' revert to the status quo at the end of an episode, whatever happened is canon and can thus be referenced in other episodes (for example, in the series Apu has married and had children, etc.). One issue of continuity that is unlikely to be definitively decided is the question of where the Simpsons' home town of Springfield is. Most clues about Springfield's location are contradictory, which is completely intentional. In one episode, Springfield is shown on a map as being in north-west Tennessee, but other episodes contradict this.

Some special episodes, such as the [[Treehouse of Horror]] specials, clip shows, and "[[Behind the Laughter]]", are not considered to be canon.

''Simpsons'' cartoons, books, video games and the original ''Shorts'', which appeared as filler material in ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'' and featured what could be considered prototypes of the ''Simpsons'' characters are not considered canonical.

===Sonic the Hedgehog===
Initially, Sega began two different storylines to localize Sonic as a product. These storylines are described in the Japanese and the western game manuals. So there are in fact two canons recognized by the fanbase in its entirety, and many storylines that have expanded on them. There is of course ongoing debate as to whether or not one canon should be considered over the other. But reasons (such as the western storyline being established first, to Sonic Team siding with the Japanese storyline) are opinionated, and thus have little factually to support why one should be considered more canon over the other.

At the beginning of the Dreamcast era, Sonic Team took the liberty to choose what canon they wanted to expand on with the newer generation games, and they chose the Japanese storyline, thus making it the international canon while discontinuing the old western canon. The series ongoing storyline have become increasingly complex with each subsequent game ever since. The games ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'', ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog 2]]'', ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog 3]]'', ''[[Sonic and Knuckles]]'', ''[[Sonic Adventure]]'', ''[[Sonic Adventure 2]]'', ''[[Sonic Heroes]]'' and ''[[Shadow the Hedgehog]]'' are absolute canon, since they were directly created by Sonic Team. ''[[Sonic CD]]'' is also absolute canon, since the events in the game has been referred to in ''[[Sonic Adventure]]'' and ''[[Sonic Heroes]]''. However, most other games are usually considered canonical to, unless they somehow explicitly contradict the Sonic Team made games. The various Sonic mangas and animes are ''not'' considered canonical to the games, and are instead presumed to take place in their own induvidual continuities.

The west has in fact developed many cartoons ([[AoStH]], [[SatAM]], and [[Sonic Underground]]), and comics (the US Sonic comic published by Archie, and another published by Fleetway). Of those, only a select few expansions have been recognized and added to the western storyline in games such as ''Sonic Spinball'' and ''Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine'', those being SatAM, Archie and AoStH.

===Soul Calibur===
In the ''Soul'' series of [[fighting game]]s, it can be difficult to determine which storyline is canon, as each character has his or her own storyline, usually ending with that character possesing [[Soul Calibur mystical weapons|Soul Edge]] or [[Soul Calibur mystical weapons#History (Soul Calibur)|Soul Calibur]]. Since this cannot logically be the case, the actual story of the ''Soul Calibur'' series must be pieced together by obtaining various profiles available within the games. It is also notable that usually only one or so endings involving the magical swords ends up being canon, as it is referenced in later volumes.

===Stargate===
{{main|Stargate}}
The ''Stargate'' fictional universe canon consists of:
*An original [[1994]] movie entitled ''[[Stargate (film)|Stargate]]'', which was intended to be the first of at least three, but was left to stand alone by its producers as [[Roland Emmerich]] moved on to ''[[Independence Day (film)|Independence Day]]''.
*Subsequent novels by Bill McCay which carried on the story based on Emmerich's notes (not considered canon after the addition of the next bullet). However, considering Emmerich's and Devlin's penchant for action, it is disputed how much these books resemble anything that would have been filmed.
*A [[spin-off]] TV series by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner called ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' which carried on one year after the story of the film ''Stargate'', and followed different developments from those described in the novels. This is generally considered canon over the books.
*A further spin-off called ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'' which develops a strand of the plot of ''Stargate SG-1''. There was also an animated series named ''[[Stargate Infinity]]'' which was acknowledged by its producers to strictly not be canon.
Some fans consider ''Stargate SG-1'' to be incompatible with the movie due to a few minor changes in small details of the film's plot when carried into the television series. However, most fans and even the producers pass over these details as insignificant. Also, the writers have made comments that could be interpreted as making the ''SG-1'' episode "[[Hathor (Stargate SG-1)|Hathor]]" non-canonical.

===Star Trek===
{{main|Star Trek canon}}

The ''[[Star Trek]]'' canon consists of the television series [[Star Trek: The Original Series|''Star Trek'' (the original series)]], ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', and the ten Star Trek movies. Originally, there was little official policy on canon, and ''[[Star Trek: The Animated Series]]'' and some books like [[The Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual]] were apparently canonical (and excerpts from them were even used on-screen in the early movies). However, circa 1987, when Star Trek: The Next Generation was debuting, [[Gene Roddenberry]] and [[Paramount Pictures]] agreed on a new canon policy that made ''Star Trek: The Animated Series'' non-canonical as well as removing the canon status of all technical manuals and novels. Gene Roddenberry further stated that some elements from the films ''[[Star Trek V: The Final Frontier]]'' and ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country]]'' were "slightly apocryphal". The writers and production staff of Star Trek have also said in interviews and DVD commentaries that they unofficially struck the episode of Star Trek: Voyager "''[[Threshold (Voyager episode)|Threshold]]''" from canon, and made no references to the events of that episode after it was made; officially, however, being an on-screen, televised story, it remains officially canonical.

The canonicity of the various reference books such as ''[[The Star Trek Encyclopedia]]'' and various companions accompanying the series is still debated. Many consider such reference works to be canon, while others do not; there is currently no clear answer solving this problem. It should be noted that most of the information from the ''The Star Trek Encyclopedia'' and ''The Star Trek Chronology'' comes directly from the television series and movies, which themselves are canon, and the books were written by people who worked on the production staff, and sometimes used as internal references. A similar problem exists with [[trading card]]s cataloging information from the series.

Paramount has made a [http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/help/faqs/faq/676.html formal comment on its website] about precisely what items are considered canon.

===Star Wars===
{{main|Star Wars canon}}

The ''[[Star Wars]]'' canon is a complex issue, and Lucas Licensing has devised a four-level system called the "[[Holocron]] continuity database" to keep track of the ''Star Wars'' canon. The purpose of this database is to chronicle all ''Star Wars'' stories, and settle any disputes that may arise within the various productions. The basic rule, however, is that the ''Star Wars'' canon comprises the six ''Star Wars'' films, along with all officially licensed ''Star Wars'' stories not contradicting the films.

===South Park===
Another notable animation series in this context is ''[[South Park]]''. It follows the misbehavings of a group of four friends. At the end of most early episodes, the character of [[Kenny McCormick|Kenny]] dies, but at the start of each new episode, he's found to be alive again. Whilst this was originally "explained" when he inexplicably faded back into existence at the beginning of "Cartman's Mom Is Still A Dirty Slut", it was later revealed that Kenny's mother gives birth to a new 'Kenny' immediately after the passing of the old one, and names him Kenny in an homage for the previous, deceased son. The 'Kenny' born when this explanation was made was the 52nd. However, this was primarily a joke lampooning the show's lack of continuity on the matter, and as such, isn't canon. Other issues---for example, whether or not ''[[Terrance and Phillip]]'' is animated or how [[Saddam Hussein]] died---show the show has a loose continuity.

===Transformers===
Main article: [[Transformers universes]], [[Transformers (comics)]].

The Transformers universe is often depicted divergently depending on the writer and media. The original G1 is told differently in the TV series, Marvel comic with its UK subsidiary, Dreamwave comics and IDW. The later Beast Era draws upon elements of G1. The Unicron trilogy and upcoming film are not canon.

===Warhammer 40,000===
The canon of [[Games Workshop]]'s [[Warhammer 40,000]] universe is officially held to be extended to all works produced under an official Games Workshop licence: this means that all works produced by Games Workshop since [[Rogue Trader (Warhammer 40,000)|Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader]] are canonical until superseded, and no works produced without official blessing are considered canon at all (although increasingly in the last ten years since the Internet enabled fans to widely disseminate their own works such material has later been subsumed into official Games Workshop publications). However, the very far-reaching changes in game background and tone over the first three revisions of the core rulebook and background sourcebooks have invalidated very large parts of a history once considered canon (although the original Rogue Trader deliberately avoided establishing too many solid universal details for the sake of ensuring the game could be expanded by gamesmasters according to the prevailing logic in the science fiction gaming community at the late [[1980s]]).

Almost all current consumers of Games Workshop material hold material to be canon only until superseded by more recent publications. Isolated communities of gamers who reject recent changes in game history and rules by the company exist, connected either locally by gaming groups or globally via Internet message boards ([http://www.easternfringe.com/]); these groups commonly either reject the widespread changes made to the core rules and background in the third revision of the rulebook and supporting material or reject all material which contradicts the original [[1987]] Rogue Trader publication (as almost all work released after the original book introduced specific [[timeline]] items which sought to direct the Gamesmaster in ways which seemingly contradicted the extremely open-ended [[Science fantasy|Science Fantasy]] background of the original book).

==Other factors==
No actual industry label exists for definitively designating published works as canon. Canon is largely a subjective notion, referring to a shared understanding that exists between the published works in a fictional series and the level of acceptance by a vocal but otherwise accepting wide audience. As such, canon can simultaneously refer to the considerations of the publishers of a fictional series as well as what the fanbase chooses to consider as authentic.

The fact the majority of fans of a fictional setting view certain things as non-canonical, or even an official statement to that effect from its creators, does not oblige everyone to agree. In addition, a story can belong to two overlapping canons. The most obvious example of this is [[Philip José Farmer]]'s [[Wold Newton family]]. Some (but not all) of the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, [[Tarzan]], [[Doc Savage]] etc. are canonical in the Wold Newton setting. This does not mean that the events of Farmer's books are canonical from a Sherlockian perspective. Similarly, fans of [[Laurie R. King]]'s novels of [[Sherlock Holmes]] and [[Mary Russell]] consider all the Holmes stories to be canonical in King's setting.

The difference can be even less clear cut than this. Current ''Star Trek'' novels maintain a tight continuity with each other, and avoid contradicting the television series. When a ''Lost Era'' novel set between the movies and ''The Next Generation'' features a younger version of a character introduced in a ''Deep Space Nine'' novel, it's obvious there's some sort of "canonical" novel-setting, even if the TV series is not obliged to conform to it. This is where [[Fanon (fiction)|fanon]] and canon often collide, especially when a TV series, movie or other officially canonical source contradicts it. An example is the ''Trek'' novel ''[[Starfleet Year One]]'' which appeared in print before the TV series ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' was announced, but was completely invalidated by the series; there are some ''Trek'' fans who prefer the ''Starfleet Year One'' version of events as canon, rejecting the TV series. Generally, though, in the case of televised fiction, only facts which appear in the as-originally-aired version of a program are considered canonical (including scenes cut from re-runs, but not including such things as deleted scenes and scenes from unaired pilots and other such material that 'leaks out' over the internet).

Furthermore, the issue is also complicated when the definition of canon changes well after the fictional universe is established. As an example, in the 1970s and 1980s, there were a number of reference works published by [[Franz Joseph (artist)|Franz Joseph]] and [[FASA]] Corporation for ''Star Trek''. These books were considered canonical at the time (some even made with explicit approval of Gene Roddenberry), and were used almost universally by novel and comic book authors, as well as the production staff of the earlier Star Trek movies (information from these manuals was read as background dialog in some scenes and diagrams were used as computer displays). However, in [[1988]], as part of the release of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Gene Roddenberry and Paramount Pictures changed their policies regarding canon and stripped these books of their canonical status, as the new series quickly made many changes and revelations which openly contradicted earlier canonical books. Thus, a book that would be considered completely canonical in 1985 like ''[[The Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual]]'', would be considered non-canonical in 1995.

In some fictional universes, interviews and other communications from authors are also considered canon - like [[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|the letters of J. R. R. Tolkien]] with relation to [[Middle-earth]]; also items such as interviews, internet chat sessions, and Web sites (e.g., the Web site of [[J. K. Rowling]] in relation to [[Harry Potter]]). This usually only happens in cases where all works in the universe have the same author.

==See also==
===Canonical terms in fiction===
*[[Apocrypha (fiction)]]
*[[Fanon (fiction)|Fanon]]
*[[Fanwank]]
*[[Retcon]]

===Examples of canonical matters in fictional universes===
*[[Dragon Ball canon]]
*[[Krypto-revisionism]]

[[Category:Canons| ]]
[[Category:Continuity (fiction)]]

[[es:Canon (ficción)]]
[[fr:Canon (fiction)]]

Unterschwelliger Reiz

2006-07-05T17:52:27Z

64.12.117.9:

{{POV-check|POV check}}
{{Hidden messages}}
A '''subliminal message''' is a signal or message designed to pass below the normal limits of perception. For example, it might be inaudible to the [[conscious]] mind (but audible to the [[subconscious]] or deeper [[mind]]) or might be an image transmitted briefly, yet perceived unconsciously. In the everyday world, some have claimed that subliminal techniques are used in [[advertising]] and [[propaganda]].

== History ==

The term ''subliminal message'' was popularized in 1917, before the [[Conscription in the United States#The World Wars and the Korean War|World War I draft in America]]. The government snuck messages into songs and put subliminal messages in posters in an effort to encourage enlistment{{fact}}.

[[James Vicary]], a market researcher, claimed in 1957 that quickly flashing messages such as "drink Coca-Cola" and "eat popcorn" on a movie screen would influence people to purchase more food and drink. This led to a public outcry and many [[conspiracy theories]] of governments and cults using the technique to their advantage. The practice was subsequently banned in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] and the [[United States]]. In 1962, Vicary admitted that he fabricated his claim (Boese 2002:137-38).

In 1973, [[Wilson Bryan Key]]'s book ''[[Wilson Bryan Key#Bibliography|Subliminal Seduction]]'' claimed that subliminal techniques were widely used in advertising. The book contributed to a general climate of fear with regard to [[Orwellian]] dangers of subliminal messaging. Public concern was sufficient to cause the [[Federal Communications Commission]] to hold hearings and to declare subliminal advertising "contrary to the public interest".

== Effectiveness ==
Subliminal perception or cognition, can be considered a subset of unconscious [[cognition]] where the forms of unconscious cognition also include attending to one signal in a noisy environment while unconsciously keeping track of other signals (e.g. one voice out of many in a crowded room) and tasks done automatically.

An important question about subliminal perception is: How much of the unattended or unconscious signal or message is perceived? That is, is the whole message sensed and fully digested or perhaps only its main and simpler features? There are at least two schools of thought about this. One of them argues that only the simpler features of unconscious signals could be perceived. The second school of thought argues that unconscious cognition is comprehensive and that much more is perceived than can be verbalized.

Proponents of the power of subliminal messages claim they gain influence or power from the fact that they circumvent the critical functions of the conscious mind, and therefore subliminal suggestions are potentially more powerful than ordinary suggestions. This route to influence or persuasion would be akin to [[auto-suggestion]] or [[hypnosis]] wherein the subject is encouraged to be (or somehow induced to be) relaxed so that suggestions are directed to deeper (more [[gullibility|gullible]]) parts of the mind; some observers have suggested that the unconscious mind is incapable of critical refusal of hypnotic or subliminal suggestions.

However, critics of the theory have suggested that the effect of subliminal messages would at best be no more than that of a glimpse of a billboard in the corner of an eye.

== Instances ==

In [[1978]], [[Wichita, Kansas]] TV station [[KAKE-TV]] received special permission from the police to place a subliminal message in a report on the [[BTK Killer]] in an effort to get him to turn himself in. The image, which appeared for a split second, showed a pair of glasses (an image thought to hold significance to him) and text that read "Now call the chief." [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7736592/from/RL.2/] The attempt was unsuccessful, and police reported no increased volume of calls afterward; though the killer was eventually caught in 2005.

Before the re-election of French president [[François Mitterrand]] in 1988, a subliminal picture of him was mixed in the title sequence of French national television daily news show, and it appeared for several consecutive days.

During the [[2000 U.S. presidential campaign]], a [[television]] ad [[Advertising campaign|campaign]]ing for [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] candidate [[George W. Bush]] showed words (and parts thereof) scaling from the foreground to the background on a television screen. When the word <tt>[[Bureaucrat|BUREAUCRATS]]</tt> flashed on the screen, one frame showed only the last part, <tt>RATS</tt>. [[United States Democratic Party|Democrats]] promptly asked the [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] to look into the matter, but no penalties were ever assessed in the case. The effect this had on the overall presidential race was unclear. The Democrats and [[Al Gore]] received ridicule for finding malicious intent in something that could have been a simple mistake; the [[United States Republican Party|Republicans]] received ridicule for the lack of attention to detail and Bush's mispronunciation of "subliminal" (it came out as "subliminable").

Another instance of subliminal advertising revolves around commercials for the game [[Husker Du? (game)|Hūsker Dū?]] which flashed the message 'Get it', in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], prompting a furor.

In 1982, Mark Lindsey, a graduate of [[Virginia Tech]] submitted an entry for an addition to be built to the [[University of Virginia]]'s football stadium. Lindsey realized that the stadium was in the shape of a "v" and promptly designed the new addition in the shape of the letter "t" to make the logo of the Virginia Tech [[Hokies]]. UVA officials were unaware that the design was a tribute to their in-state rival and picked Lindsey's plan. The addition was built in 1985 but replaced in 1999 after UVA officials discovered Lindsey's message.

[[PETA]] (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is also the scene of a running battle with PETCO, a pet food retailer in San Diego, for several years regarding the purported mistreatment of live animals at PETCO stores. When the Padres announced that PETCO (which is based in San Diego) had obtained naming rights to PETCO Park, PETA was unable to persuade the Padres to terminate the agreement. Hence PETA used subliminal advertising in the form of an [[acrostic]]. It successfully purchased a brick with what appears on the surface to be a complimentary message: "Break Open Your Cold Ones! Toast The Padres! Enjoy This Championship Organization!" However, if one takes the first letters of each word, the resulting acrostic reads "BOYCOTT PETCO". Neither PETCO nor the Padres have taken any action to remove the brick, stating that if someone walked by, they would not know it had anything to do with the PETA/PETCO feud.

An example of subliminal messaging was featured in The Simpsons in which Bart and 3 other youngsters in his school create a band. We see (in one of their music videos) that 3 genies keep singin "Yvan eht nioj." Then, Lisa notices people join the navy by watching the video. Lisa looks back and pauses it right and she notices for a split second a photo of Uncle Sam. Then, she finds out the deal with the, "Yvan eht nioj." Yvan eht nioj, is Join the Navy backwords.

== Allegations ==

Some groups have made claims that subliminal messages can be found in various forms of popular entertainment, such as the supposed use of "backward messages" in rock and roll songs. Many of these purported messages are Satanic; for example, if the [[Led Zeppelin]] song "[[Stairway to Heaven]]" is played backwards, lyrics including "Oh here's to my sweet Satan" can supposedly be made out. Queen's "Another One Bites The Dust" is also supposed to contain a Satanic message: "It's fun to smoke marijuana". These two messages have not been confirmed by the artists, and have not been proven to exist. In contrast, some obvious Satanic messages can be and have been [[backmasking|backmasked]] into rock songs, although parody messages and artistic backmasking are more common. See the [[list of backmasked messages]].

An internet-based [[prank flash]] called "Subliminal Messages" or "Subliminal Music and Images" features two supposed visual messages and an audio message. The first is the word "SEX" hidden in a [[gin]] advertisement. The second is a woman [[masturbating]], hidden in an advertisement for a flooring company. The animation then switches to the text of the [[Lord's Prayer]], and starts playing [[Cradle of Filth]]'s "Dinner at Deviant Palace" backward, along with faint noises. In the middle of the song, a loud scream is heard, and a series of disturbing images is flashed. The last image is a grayscale image of a [[mummy]] without wrappings, which fades away, followed by a message, "Never trust flash animations talking about subliminal stuff!"

[[Backmasking]], an audio technique in which sounds are recorded backwards onto a track that is meant to be played forwards, produces messages that sound like gibberish to the conscious mind. [[Gary Greenwald]], a [[fundamentalist Christian]] preacher, claims that these messages can be heard subliminally, and can induce listeners towards, in the case of rock music, sex and drug use.<ref>{{cite book|title=Psychological Sketches|editors=John R. Vokey and Scott W. Allen|edition=6th edition|date=2002|publisher=Psyence Ink|location=Lethbridge, Alberta|chapter=Subliminal Messages|pages=223-246|last=Vokey|first=John R.|url=people.uleth.ca/~vokey/pdf/Submess.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2006-07-05}}</ref> However, this is not generally accepted as fact.<ref>{{cite web|title=Backmasking on records: Real, or hoax?|last=Robinson|first=B.A.|url=http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_cul5.htm|accessdate=2006-07-04}}</ref>

== Embedded Commands ==

In the field of [[Neuro-linguistic programming]] (NLP), "embedded commands" are used to (supposedly) bypass the conscious mind, directly affecting the subconscious [http://www.creonline.com/articles/art-253.html]. Certain words emphasized in a sentence will supposedly cause the hearer to mentally connect those words, without realizing it. For example, hearing "Who KNOWS what will happen in this field of research? There could be an (h)ITCH NOW in one of the projects" spoken, with the capitalized words emphasized, allegedly causes a desire to scratch one's nose[http://www.trans4mind.com/personal_development/1stCommunicationSkil/EmbeddedCommands.htm]. [[Ross Jeffries]] teaches this technique within the context of subliminal seduction.

== Fictional references ==

While their ultimate efficacy is somewhat controversial, subliminal messages have a long history in television shows, movies, and novels.

As a joke, the creators of ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'' inserted an obvious subliminal message with the twosome headbanging to the words "Nachos Rule", in flashing light.

The movie ''[[Josie and the Pussycats]]'' described a long lasting plot whereby the US government was controlling [[trends]] by inserting subliminal messages in [[popular music]]. Furthermore, towards the end of the film, a government agent shuts down the operation, saying that subliminal advertising works better in films. The words "Josie and the Pussycats is the best movie ever" are then spoken rapidly in [[voice-over]] and displayed quickly onscreen. Also, there are literally hundreds of product placement shots throughout the film, also related to that joke.

The plot of the movie ''[[They Live]]'' revolves around a man accidentally acquiring a pair of sunglasses which allow the wearer to see subliminal messages in billboards, magazines, and even money.

[[New Kids on the Blecch|An episode]] of the [[The Simpsons]] involved Bart and his friends joining a boy band, the Party Posse. While watching a video for the Party Posse, Lisa notices the phrase "Yvan Eht Nioj" being repeated continuously by belly-dancers. She plays the video in reverse and finds that it means "Join the Navy". Also, an [[Uncle Sam]] "I Want You" poster can be seen in the video frame by frame. The joke was that the United States sends subliminal messages in order to recruit people. In addition, the art of "superliminal messages" was demonstrated to Lisa; a Navy representative leans out a window, picks a random passerby, and hollars "Hey you! Join the Navy!"

In an episode of [[Malcolm in the Middle]] titled ''Reese joins the Army (2)'', one of the [[Drill instructor|Drill Sergeants]] comments that "...the subliminal messages are working!" Another Drill Sergeant then asks "What subliminal messages...?" Not too different from the joke in The Simpsons episode mentioned above, this episode was a joking reference to the low military recuiting numbers in [[2004]] suggesting that the [[US military]] uses such things in a tactic of despiration.

In Father Ted, in the episode where the title character is accused of being a racist, and invites ethnic members to a presentation, slides saying ''FATHER TED CRILLY, NOT A RACIST'' can be seen quite deliberatly flashing up.

In an episode of ''[[Babylon 5]]'', during a scene which represents a public service announcement for [[Psi Corps]], the words "TRUST THE CORPS" and "THE CORPS IS YOUR FRIEND" appear on screen for four frames, double the length of what the FCC designated as subliminal.

== See also ==
* [[Blipvert]]
* [[Robert Zajonc]]
* [[Hoaxes]]
* [[List of hoaxes]]

== References ==
<references />
* Subliminal Perception: The nature of a controversy, N.F.Dixon, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971.
* Psychological Investigations of Unconscious Perception, [[Journal of Consciousness Studies]], P.M Merikle and M. Daneman, 1998.
* New Look 3: Unconscious Cognition Reclaimed, American Psychologist, 47, Anthony W. Greenwald, 1992.
* [[Alex Boese]] (2002). ''The Museum of Hoaxes: A Collection of Pranks, Stunts, Deceptions, and Other Wonderful Stories Contrived for the Public from the Middle Ages to the New Millennium'', [[E. P. Dutton]], ISBN 0-525-94678-0
* Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 1-23.
* Seitz and Watanabe. (2003). Is subliminal learning really passive. Nature, 422, 36.
* [[Timothy E. Moore]]. (1992). "Subliminal Perception: Facts and Fallacies", ''Skeptical Inquirer'', vol 16, #3 (Spring 1992), 273-81. Reprinted in ''Encounters with the Paranormal: Science, Knowledge, and Belief'', edited by [[Kendrick Frazier]], [[Prometheus Books]], 1998, 253-63. ISBN 1-57392-203-X
* [[Anthony R. Pratkanis]]. (1992). "Myths of Subliminal Persuasion: The Cargo-cult Science of Subliminal Persuasion", ''Skeptical Inquirer'', vol 16, #3 (Spring 1992), 260-72. Reprinted in ''Encounters with the Paranormal: Science, Knowledge, and Belief'', edited by Kendrick Frazier, Prometheus Books, 1998, 240-52. Timothy E. Moore and Anthony R. Pratkanis (1998). "An Update on Subliminal Influence", ''Encounters with the Paranormal: Science, Knowledge, and Belief'', edited by Kendrick Frazier, Prometheus Books, 1998, 262-63. ISBN 1-57392-203-X

== Further reading ==

* Alex Boese, (2006). ''Hippo Eats Dwarf: A Field Guide to Hoaxes and Other B.S.'''', [[Harcourt, Inc]], ISBN 0-15-603083-7, 193-95
* [[Dean Koontz]]: False Memory, ISBN 0-7472-2057-3

== External links ==
*[http://www.snopes.com/business/hidden/hidden.asp Hidden Persuaders: Subliminal messages in product packaging and advertisements] (Snopes.com)
*[http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/22/subliminal-advertising.html Subliminal Seduction: How Did the Uproar over Subliminal Advertising Affect the Advertising Industry?]
*[http://www.parascope.com/articles/0497/sublimdc.htm 1984 testimony about subliminal messages to the Federal Communications commission]
*[http://www.csicop.org/si/9611/judas_priest.html/ Scientific Consensus and Expert Testimony: Lessons from the Judas Priest Trial]
*[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19025494.400?DCMP=NLC-nletter&nshref=mg19025494.400 New Scientist - Subliminal advertising may work after all]

[[Category:Consciousness studies]]
[[Category:Perception]]
[[Category:Popular psychology]]
[[Category:Advertising]]
[[Category:Human communication]]

[[de:Unterschwellige Werbung]]
[[es:Mensaje subliminal]]
[[fr:Message subliminal]]
[[it:Messaggio subliminale]]
[[he:מסר תת סיפי]]
[[ja:サブリミナル効果]]
[[pl:Percepcja podprogowa]]
[[pt:Mensagem subliminar]]
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[[ru:25-й кадр]]
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[[sv:Subliminal perception]]

Dangerously in Love (Album)

2006-06-24T20:36:24Z

64.12.117.9:

{{Album infobox |
Name = Dangerously In Love |
Type = [[Album]] |
Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] |
Cover = Beyonce - Dangerously in Love - Album.jpg |
Background = orange |
Released = [[June 24]], [[2003]] ([[United States|U.S.]]) [[July 14]], [[2003]] ([[European Union|EU]])|
Recorded = 2002–2003 |
Genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]/[[Soul music|Soul]] |
Length = 69:44 |
Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] |
Producer = Beyoncé Knowles [[Scott Storch]] [[Missy Elliott]] Craig Brockman [[Rich Harrison]] Sherrod Barnes Nat Adderley, Jr. Errol "Poppi" McCalla Andreao "Fanatic" Heard Mister B [[Bryce Wilson]] Mark Batson |
Reviews = <nowiki></nowiki>
* [[All Music Guide|AMG]] [[Image:4 out of 5.png]] [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Acy2m965okep6 link] 
* ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' [[Image:3 out of 5.png]] [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/_/id/291273 link] 
* [[Blender (magazine)|''Blender'' magazine]] [[Image:4 out of 5.png]] [http://www.blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=2617 link] 
* ''[[PopMatters]]'' [http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/b/beyonce-dangerously.shtml link] 
* [[E!]] (B+) [http://www.eonline.com/Reviews/Facts/Music/RevID/0,1107,2982,00.html link] |
Last album = |
This album = '''''Dangerously In Love''''' (2003) |
Next album = ''[[B'Day]]'' (2006)
}}
'''''Dangerously In Love''''' is a [[2003]] [[album]] by [[United States|American]] [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] singer [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]]. It is Beyoncé's first solo album and was released on the [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] [[record label|label]]. It features the #1 singles "[[Crazy in Love (Beyoncé song)|Crazy In Love]]" (featuring [[Jay-Z]]), "[[Baby Boy (Beyoncé song)|Baby Boy]]" (featuring [[Sean Paul]]) along with other top 5 hits such as "[[Naughty Girl]]" and "[[Me, Myself, and I (Beyoncé song)|Me, Myself And I]]". In the U.S., it debuted and peaked at number one (one week) and decline very slowly on the charts. It spent 51 weeks on the top 50 (even longer then any of the Destiny's child albums) and 72 weeks in the hot 100. In the [[United Kingdom|UK]], it also debut and peaked at number one for five weeks resulting to have the most consecutive weeks to reach the top position on the album chart for 2003. It spent 54 weeks in the [[UK Albums Chart]]. Knowles is the first female artist (and the fifth artist ever) to top both album and singles chart (for "Crazy In Love") simultaneously for both U.S. and the UK following [[The Beatles]], [[Simon and Garfunkel]], [[Rod Stewart]] and [[Men at Work]]. The album earned her five [[Grammy Award]]s and thirty other industry awards. The album has sold a whopping 8.5 Million copies worldwide.

==Track listing==
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! width="300" |Title !!
|-
| 1. || [[Crazy in Love (Beyoncé song)|Crazy In Love]] (featuring [[Jay-Z]]) || 3:56
|-
| 2. || [[Naughty Girl]] || 3:29
|-
| 3. || [[Baby Boy (Beyoncé song)|Baby Boy]] (featuring [[Sean Paul]]) || 4:04
|-
| 4. || Hip Hop Star (featuring [[Big Boi]] and [[Sleepy Brown]]) || 3:43
|-
| 5. || Be With You || 4:20
|-
| 6. || [[Me, Myself, and I (Beyoncé song)|Me, Myself And I]] || 5:01
|-
| 7. || Yes || 4:19
|-
| 8. || Signs (featuring [[Missy Elliott]]) || 4:59
|-
| 9. || Speechless || 6:00
|-
| 10. || That's How You Like It (featuring Jay-Z) || 3:40
|-
| 11. || The Closer I Get To You (duet with [[Luther Vandross]]) || 4:57
|-
| 12. || Dangerously In Love 2 || 4:54
|-
| 13. || Beyoncé Interlude || 0:16
|-
| 14. || Gift From Virgo || 2:46
|-
| 15. || Daddy ([[Hidden track|Hidden Track]]) || 5:00
|}
 
*'''European/Latin edition'''
Released [[July 1]], 2003
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! width="300" |Title !!
|-
| 15. || Work It Out || 4:06
|-
| 16. || '03 Bonnie & Clyde (Jay-Z featuring Beyoncé) || 3:26
|-
| 17. || Daddy (Hidden Track) || 4:57
|}
 
*'''French/Belgian edition'''
Released [[July 7]], 2003
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! width="300" |Title !!
|-
| 14. || Bienvenue ([[IAM (band)|IAM]] featuring Beyoncé) || 4:05
|-
| 15. || Beyoncé Interlude || 0:17
|-
| 16. || [[Work It Out]] || 4:06
|-
| 17. || '03 Bonnie & Clyde (Jay-Z featuring Beyoncé) || 3:27
|-
| 18. || Daddy (Hidden Track) || 4:57
|}
 
*'''Australian edition'''
Released [[July 14]], 2003
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! width="300" |Title !!
|-
| 15. || [[Work It Out]] || 4:06
|-
| 16. || [['03 Bonnie & Clyde]] (Jay-Z featuring Beyoncé) || 3:26
|-
| 17. || Crazy In Love (Remix featuring [[Vanness Wu]]) || 9:08
|}
 
*'''Japanese edition'''
Released [[July 22]], 2003
{| class="wikitable"
! # !! width="300" |Title !!
|-
| 15. || What's It Gonna Be || 3:37
|-
| 16. || '03 Bonnie & Clyde (Jay-Z featuring Beyoncé) || 3:26
|-
| 17. || Work It Out || 4:06
|-
| 18. || Daddy (Hidden Track) || 4:57
|}

==Personnel==
* Sanford Allen - concert master
* Skip Anderson - [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]]
* John Broussard - [[bass guitar]]
* Al Brown - [[string instrument|string]]s
* Phil Hamilton - [[guitar]]
* Ivan Hampden - [[drums]]
* Bashiri Johnson - [[Percussion instrument|percussion]]
* Byron Miller - [[bass guitar]]
* Dan Workman - [[guitar]]

==Production==
* Executive producers: [[Beyoncé Knowles]], [[Mathew Knowles]]
* Producer: Nat Adderley Jr., Sherrod Barnes, Mark Batson, Craig Brockman, [[Missy Elliott]], [[Rich Harrison]], Andreao "Fanatic" Heard, [[Beyoncé Knowles]], Errol "Poppi" McCalla, Mister B, Nisan Stweart, [[Scott Storch]], [[Bryce Wilson]]
* Vocal producer: [[Beyoncé]]
* Vocal assistance: Tawatha Agee, Cissy Houston, Candace Thomas, Brenda White-King
* Engineers: Vincent Alexander, Carlos Bedoya, Chris Carmouche, Jim Caruana, Guru, Brian Springer, Pat Thrall, Stan Wallace, Dan Workman
* Assistant engineers: Dan Bucchi, Jason Dale, Greg Price, Matt Snedecor, Luz Vasquez, Patrick Woodward
* Mixing: Ray Bardani, Scott Kieklak, Tony Maserati, Dexter Simmons
* Mastering: Tom Coyne
* A&R: Theresa LaBarbera Whites
* Art Direction: Ian Cuttler
* Photography: Markus Klinko

== B-sides and unreleased==
* "Cables Cues" (written by B. Knowles, [[Shawn Carter]], [[Nasir Jones]]) [http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=330909647&search_in=i&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=20&start=1]
* "Can't Take No More" (written B. Knowles, [[Mario Winans]], [[Sean Combs]], V. Smith, T. Shropshire, S. Jordan, A. Beyince)
* "My Man" (written by B. Knowles, Angela Beyince, Waller Robert, [[Scott Storch]]) [http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=431103638&search_in=i&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=20&start=1]
* "Scent Of You" (written by B. Knowles, [[Bryce Wilson]]) [http://www.soundgenerator.com/news/index.cfm?articleid=2846]
* "Settle For U" (written by B. Knowles, Shawn Carter, [[Makeda Davis]], [[Bryce Wilson]]) [http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=492035875&search_in=i&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=20&start=1]
* "[[In Da Club]]"
* "Vulnerable" (written by B. Knowles, [[Chad Hugo]], [[Pharrell Williams]]) [http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=520315759&search_in=i&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=20&start=1]
* "Wrapped Around Me" (written by B. Knowles, [[Missy Elliott]], [[Timbaland]])

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Year
!align="left"|Chart
!align="left"|Providers
!align="left"|Position
!align="left"|Certification
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|The Official UK Album Chart
|align="left"|BPI/The Official UK Charts Company
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|align="left"|2x Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Canadian Album Chart
|align="left"|Nielsen Soundscan
|align="center"|1 (3 weeks)
|align="left"|Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|The Billboard 200 (U.S.)
|align="left"|Billboard
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|align="left"|4x Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Australian Album Chart
|align="left"|ARIA
|align="center"|2
|align="left"|Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|New Zealand Album Chart
|align="left"|RIANZ
|align="center"|8
|align="left"|Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Philippine Pop Album Chart
|align="left"|PRIMA
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|6x Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|French Album Chart
|align="left"|SNEP/IFOP
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|German Album Chart
|align="left"|Media Control
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|Platinum
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Austrian Album Chart
|align="left"|Media Control Europe
|align="center"|3
|align="left"|Gold
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Swiss Album Chart
|align="left"|Media Control Europe
|align="center"|2
|align="left"|Gold
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Swedish Album Chart
|align="left"|GLF
|align="center"|11
|align="left"|Gold
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Dutch Album Chart
|align="left"|Mega Charts BV
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|Gold
|-
|align="left"|2003
|align="left"|Greece International Album Chart
|align="left"|IFPI
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|Gold
|}

{{start box}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Fallen (album)|Fallen]] by [[Evanescence]]
| title = [[UK Albums Chart]] [[List of number-one albums from the 2000s (UK)|Number 1 Album]]
| years = [[July 5]], [[2003]] - [[August 9]], [[2003]]
| after = [[Magic and Medicine]] by [[The Coral]]
}}
{{end box}}
{{start box}}
{{succession box
| before = [[After the Storm]] by [[Monica]]
| title = [[Billboard 200]] [[Number-one albums of 2003 (USA)|Number 1 Album]]
| years = [[July 12]], [[2003]] - [[July 19]], [[2003]]
| after = [[Chapter II]] by [[Ashanti]]
}}
{{end box}}

== Trivia ==
* The album's release was announced for autumn [[2002]], but [[Columbia Records]] and Beyoncé's management decided to give [[Kelly Rowland]] priority after her chart-topping success with [[Nelly]] and "[[Dilemma (song)|Dilemma]]".

* At the same time "Naughty Girl" was in talks to become the first single from ''Dangerously In Love''; "Crazy In Love" wasn't even recorded to date.

* The worldwide success of ''Dangerously In Love'' caused Beyoncé and Columbia Records to think about an immediate follow-up, that should combine several left-over tracks for another CD. The idea was scrapped to realize ''[[Destiny Fulfilled]]'' a little later on.

[[Category:2003 albums]]
[[Category:Beyoncé albums]]
[[Category:Albums with hidden tracks]]
[[Category:UK number one albums]]
[[Category:US number one albums]]
[[Category:Silver certified albums in the UK]]
[[Category:Gold certified albums in the UK]]
[[Category:Gold certified albums in the US]]
[[Category:Platinum certified albums in the UK]]
[[Category:Platinum certified albums in the US]]

[[de:Dangerously In Love]]
[[es:Dangerously In Love]]
[[sv:Dangerously in Love]]

Chelsea (Massachusetts)

2006-06-07T07:58:22Z

64.12.117.9: /* External links */

{{Infobox Town MA
| official_name = Chelsea, Massachusetts
| nickname =
| image_town =
| image_town_caption =
| image_seal = sealofchelseama.jpg
| image_flag =
| image_map = Chelsea_ma_highlight.png
| county_name = [[Suffolk County, Massachusetts|Suffolk County]]
| year_settled = 1624
| year_incorporated = 1739
| government_name = [[Council-manager government|Council-manager city]]
| leader_title = [[City Manager]]
| leader_name = [[Jay Ash]]
| board_of_selectmen =
| area_total = 2.5 [[Square mile|mi²]] / 6.4
| area_land = 2.2 [[Square mile|mi²]] / 5.7
| area_water = 0.3 [[Square mile|mi²]] / 0.8
| population_as_of = 2000
| population_total = 35080
| population_density = 16036.8/[[Square mile|mi²]] / 6191.8
| elevation = 10 [[Foot (unit of length)|ft]] / 3
| timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset = -5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| latd=42 |latm=23 |lats=30 |latNS=N
| longd=71 |longm=02 |longs=00 |longEW=W
| website = http://www.ci.chelsea.ma.us/
| zip_code = 02150
| area_code = [[Area code 617|617]] / [[Area code 857|857]]
| footnotes =
}}

The City of '''Chelsea''' is in [[Suffolk County, Massachusetts|Suffolk County]], [[Massachusetts]] directly across the [[Mystic River]] from the City of [[Boston]].

== History ==
The area was first called "Winnisimmet," meaning "good spring nearby," by the [[Pawtucket]] tribe which once lived here. Settled in [[1624]], the community remained a part of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] until it was set off and incorporated in [[1739]], named after [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], a neighborhood in [[London, England|London]]. In [[1775]], the ''Battle of Chelsea Creek'' was fought here, the second battle of the [[American Revolution|Revolution]], at which American forces made one of their first captures of a British ship. Part of [[George Washington|Washington's]] army was stationed here during the [[Siege of Boston]]. In [[1846]], [[Revere, Massachusetts|Revere]] was set off from Chelsea, which would be reincorporated as a city in [[1857]]. Nearly half the city was destroyed in the ''Great Chelsea Fire of [[1908]]''. In [[1973]], the ''Second Great Chelsea Fire'' burned 18 city blocks.

In September 1991, Massachusetts enacted special legislation to place Chelsea into receivership. This was the first time since the Depression that a United States municipality had such an action taken against it.

Events preceding the action included failed financial intervention by the state, a political stalemate over the city's budget, deepening economic decline, and a spiraling fiscal crisis.

Fortunately, Chelsea had no publicly held long-term debt--thus, a solution to its problems could be explored in isolation of creditors.

A charter change in 1995 designed an efficient council-manager form of government, which has focused on improving the quality of service the city provides to its residents and businesses, while establishing financial policies that have significantly improved the city's financial condition. Increased emphasis on economic development and capital improvement has lead to an influx of new business and homebuyers.

In 1998, Chelsea was named winner of the All-America City Award.

'''''Notable Inhabitants:'''''
* [[Horatio Alger]], author
* [[Chick Corea]], muscian

==Geography==
Chelsea is located at {{coor dms|42|23|47|N|71|2|1|W|city}} (42.396382, -71.033529){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 6.4 [[km²]] (2.5 [[square mile|mi²]]). 5.7 km² (2.2 mi²) of it is land and 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²) of it (11.69%) is water. Chelsea is drained by the Chelsea River.

==Demographics==
[[Image:Soldiers' Monument, Chelsea, MA.jpg|thumb|left|''Soldiers' Monument'' in c. [[1905]]]]
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 35,080 people, 11,888 households, and 7,608 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 6,184.7/km² (16,036.8/mi²). There were 12,337 housing units at an average density of 2,175.0/km² (5,639.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 57.95% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 7.25% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.48% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.69% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 22.94% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.58% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 48.42% of the population.

There were 11,888 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.50.

[[Image:Fitz Public Library, Chelsea, MA.jpg|thumb|right|''Fitz Public Library'' in c. 1905]]
In the city the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,161, and the median income for a family was $32,130. Males had a median income of $27,280 versus $26,010 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,628. About 20.6% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over.

==External links==
* [http://www.chelseama.gov/Home/ City of Chelsea Official Website]
* [http://www.chelseachamber.org/ Chelsea Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.chelsearecord.com/ The Chelsea Record Newspaper]
* [http://www.olgp.net/chs Chelsea Historical Society

{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|42.396382|-71.033529}}

{{Massachusetts}}

[[Category:Cities in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Suffolk County, Massachusetts]]

Stammliste der Hohenzollern

2006-05-20T20:40:58Z

64.12.117.9: /* Von '''Friedrich IV.''' bis '''Albrecht Achilles''' */ Nachkommen Friedrich´s IV. und Johann´s II. von Nürnberg

'''Stammliste der [[Hohenzollern]]''' mit den in der Wikipedia vertretenen Personen und wichtigen Zwischengliedern.

== Von '''Burkhard I.''' bis '''Friedrich I. von Nürnberg''' ==

# [[Burkhard I. (Zollern)]] († 1061), '''Graf von Zollern'''
## [[Friedrich I. (Zollern)]] († 1125), gen. ''Maute'', Graf von Zollern ∞ Udilhild († um 1134), Tochter von Egino III., Herzog von Urach
### Ulrich († 1135), Abt von Sankt Gallen
### Emma († nach 1152) ∞ Hugo I. († 1142), Pfalzgraf von Tübingen
### NN Tochter ∞ Werner I. († nach 1154), Graf von Homberg
### Egino († nach 1134)
### Adalbert († vor 1150), Mönch in Zwiefalten
### Burkhard I. (um 1096-um 1154), Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Helmburgis von Schala-Burghausen
#### Burkhard II. († vor 1193), gen. ''der Greiner'', Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Kunigunde von Grünenberg
##### Burkhard III. († vor 1225), Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Wiliperg von Aichelberg
###### Burkhard IV. († 1253), Graf von Hohenberg Mechthild von Tübingen
####### Gertrud/Anna (um 1225-1298) ∞ [[Rudolf I. (HRR)]] (1218-1291)
####### Adalbert II. (um 1235-1298), Graf zu Rottenburg ∞ 1. NN; ∞ 2. Margarethe von Fürstenberg († um 1296); ∞ 3. Ursula von Öttingen († 1308)
######## Adalbert III. († nach 1304), gen. ''Rösselmann'', Graf zu Rottenburg
######## Agnes ∞ Adalbert II. ( 1292), Graf von Görz & Tirol
######## Friedrich VII. († 1309), Graf von Hechingen
######## Adalheid ∞ Konrad († 1353), Graf von Schaunburg-Julbach
######## Irmgard († vor 1315) ∞ Ulrich († 1315), Graf von Württemberg
######## Adalbert IV. († nach 1304), Graf zu Rottenburg
######## Margarethe Heinrich, Graf von Berg-Schelkling
######## Rudolf I. († 1336), Graf zu Rottenburg
####### Mathilde, Äbtissin von Kloster Walde
####### Burkhard V. († 1318), Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg ∞ Liutgart von Tübingen
######## Otto I. († 1299), Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg ∞ Maria von Magenheim
######### Otto II., Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg
########## Otto III. († 1417/18), Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg
######## Burkhard VI. († um 1354), gen. ''Bürgi'', Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg
####### Ulrich († um 1280), Graf von Horb, Bondorf & Herrenberg
######## Agnes († 1310) ∞ Heinrich III. († 1330), Graf von Baden-Hachberg
###### Kunigunde ∞ Rudolf, Herr von Hewen
##### Adalbert I. († um 1231), Graf von Rottenburg
#### Friedrich († um 1195), Graf von Hohenberg
### Luitgart († nach 1150), Nonne in Zwiefalten
### [[Friedrich II. (Zollern)]] († um 1142/45)
#### '''[[Friedrich I. (Nürnberg)]]'''
== Von '''Friedrich I. von Nürnberg''' bis '''Friedrich IV. von Nürnberg''' und '''Friedrich VI. von Hohenzollern''' ==
# [[Friedrich I. (Nürnberg)]] (vielleicht 1158-1204), '''Burggraf von Nürnberg''' ∞ Sophie († 1218), Tochter von Konrad II., Burggraf von Nürnberg
## [[Konrad III. (Nürnberg)]] (1186-1260/61), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ (I) Clementia († 1238), Tochter von Graf [[Albrecht IV. (Habsburg)]] (um 1188-1239); ∞ (II) Adelheid, Tochter von Heinrich III., Graf von Frontenhausen
### Justine ∞ Nikolaus I. († 1313/18), Herzog von Schlesien-Troppau
### [[Friedrich III. (Nürnberg)]] (1220-1297), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ (I) Elisabeth (um 1225-1272), Tochter von Otto II., Herzog von Andechs-Meranien; ∞ (II) Helene (1247-1309), Tochter von Herzog [[Albrecht I. (Sachsen)]] (um 1175-1260)
#### (I) Johann († 1261/62)
#### (I) Siegmund († 1261/62)
#### (I) Maria († 1298) ∞ Ludwig V. († 1313), Graf von Öttingen
#### (I) Adelheid († 1306/07) ∞ Heinrich II. († 1308), Graf von Castell
#### (I) Elisabeth († vor 1288) ∞ 1. Gottfried III. († 1290), Graf von Hohenlohe; ∞ 2. Eberhard II. (1228-1284), Graf von Schlüsselburg
#### (II) [[Johann I. (Nürnberg)]] (1278/80-1300), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Agnes (um 1277-um 1355), Tochter von [[Heinrich I. von Hessen|Heinrich I., Landgraf von Hessen]], gen. ''das Kind'' († 1298)
#### (II) Anna ∞ Emicho I., Graf von Nassau-Hadamar († 1334)
#### (II) '''[[Friedrich IV. (Nürnberg)]] (1287-1332)''', Burggraf von Nürnberg
### Adelheid (um 1220-1304) ∞ Rapoto III. von Ortenburg († 1248), Pfalzgraf von Bayern
### Konrad IV. (um 1220-1314), gen. ''der Fromme'', Graf von Abenberg ∞ Agnes (1270-1342), Tochter von Albrecht I., Graf von Hohenlohe-Speckfeld
#### Friedrich († 1303), Deutsch-Ordens-Ritter
#### Konrad († 1304), Deutsch-Ordens-Ritter
#### Gottfried († 1318), Deutsch-Ordensritter
#### Agnes († 1318) ∞ (I) Konrad, Graf von Öttingen; (II) Friedrich, Graf von Truhendingen
#### Lukardis (1302-1326) ∞ Konrad II. (1280-1347), Graf von Schlüsselburg
#### 2 weitere Töchter
### Sophie ∞ Markwart von Heydeck († 1278)
## [[Friedrich II. (Nürnberg)]] (1188-1255), gen. ''mit dem Löwen'', Burggraf von Nürnberg und Graf von Zollern ∞ Elisabeth (1211-1255), Tochter von Friedrich, Graf von Abenberg
### Friedrich V. († 1289), gen. ''der Erlauchte'', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Udilhild von Dillingen
#### '''Friedrich VI. († 1298)''', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Kunigunde von Baden († 1310)
### Friedrich I. (IX.) (1267-1302/09), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg ∞ Udalhild (1262-1326), Tochter von Diephold, Graf von Aichelberg-Markenberg
#### Friedrich II. (XIII.) († ca. 1319), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg ∞ Agnes von Nellenburg († 1325)
##### Friedrich IV. (XV.) († ca. 1379), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg ∞ Sophie von Schlüsselburg
###### Friedrich Mülli († 1408), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg
###### Sophie († nach 1427)
## Elisabeth († 1255) ∞ Gebhard III. († 1244), Landgraf von Leuchtenburg

== Von '''Friedrich IV.''' bis '''Albrecht Achilles''' ==
# [[Friedrich IV. (Nürnberg)]] (1287-1332), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Margarethe von Kärnten († 1348)
## Konrad III. (V.), Burggraf († 1334) ∞ Irmgard, Tochter von Kraft II., Graf von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim († 1344)
## Friedrich
## [[Johann II. (Nürnberg)]] (1309-1357), gen. ''der Erwerber'', Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Elisabeth († 1377), Tochter von Berthold, Fürst von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1340)
### Margarethe (um 1333-1377) ∞ [[Stephan II. (Bayern)]] (1319-1375), gen. ''mit der Hafte'', Herzog von Bayern-Landshut
### Elisabeth ∞ (I) Heinrich, Graf von Schaumburg; (II) Albrecht, Landgraf von Leuchtenberg
### Anna († 1383), Äbtissin zu Himmelskron
### Adelheid, Äbtissin zu Birkenfeld
### [[Friedrich V. (Nürnberg)]] (1333-1398) ∞ Elisabeth von Meißen (1329-1375)
#### Agnes
#### Beatrix (1355-1414) ∞ Herzog [[Albrecht III. (Österreich)]] (1349-1395)
#### Elisabeth (1358-1411) ∞ [[Ruprecht I. (HRR)]] (1352-1410), Kurfürst von der Pfalz, römisch-deutscher König
#### Margarethe (1367-1406) ∞ Hermann I., der Gelehrte (1341-1413), Landgraf von Hessen
#### [[Johann III. (Nürnberg)]] (1369-1420), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Margarethe von Luxemburg-Böhmen (1373-1410), Tochter von Kaiser [[Karl IV. (HRR)]] (1316-1378)
##### [[Elisabeth von Nürnberg]] (1391-1429) ∞ [[Eberhard III. (Württemberg, Graf)]] (1364-1417), gen. ''der Milde''
#### [[Friedrich I. (Brandenburg)]] (1371-1440), '''Kurfürst von Brandenburg''' ∞ Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (1383-1442), Tochter von [[Friedrich der Weise (Bayern)]] (1339-1393)
##### Elisabeth (1403-1449) ∞ Ludwig II. († 1436), Herzog von Schlesien-Liegnitz
##### [[Johann (Brandenburg)]] (1406-1464), gen. ''der Alchemist'', Markgraf von Kulmbach-Bayreuth ∞ Barbara von Sachsen-Wittenberg (um 1405-1465), Tochter von [[Rudolf III. (Sachsen-Wittenberg)]] (um 1373-1419)
###### Barbara (1423-1481) ∞ [[Luigi III. Gonzaga]] von Mantua (1414-1478)
###### Rudolf (1424)
###### Elisabeth (1425-1465)
###### [[Dorothea von Brandenburg]] (1430-1495) ∞ König [[Christian I. (Dänemark)]] (1426-1481)
##### Caecilie (1407-1449) ∞ Herzog [[Wilhelm I. (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)]] (1392-1482), gen. ''der Siegreiche'', Sohn von Heinrich I. (Braunschweig-Lüneburg) († 1416)
##### Magdalena (1412-1454) ∞ Herzog Friedrich II. von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1418-1478), gen. ''der Fromme'', Sohn von [[Bernhard I. von Braunschweig]] († 1434)
##### [[Friedrich II. (Brandenburg)]] (1413-1471), gen. ''Eisenzahn'' ∞ Katharina (1421-1476), Tochter von Kurfürst [[Friedrich I. (Sachsen)]] (1370-1428)
###### Dorothea (1446-1519) ∞ Johann V. (1439-1507), Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg-Ratzeburg
##### '''[[Albrecht Achilles]] (1414-1486)''' ∞ (I) [[Margarete von Baden]] (1431-1457), Tochter von [[Jakob I. (Baden)]] (1407-1453); ∞ (II) Anna von Sachsen
##### Dorothea (1420-1491) ∞ Herzog Heinrich II. von Mecklenburg-Werle (1417-1477), gen. ''der Fette''
##### Friedrich (III.), gen. ''der Fette'' (1424-1463) ∞ Agnes von Pommern-Wolgast (1434-1512)
###### Magdalena (1460-1496) ∞ Eitel Friedrich II. (1452-1512), Graf von Hohenzollern
#### Veronika (* 1375) ∞ Barnim V. (1365-1405), Herzog von Pommern-Barth
#### Anna (1375-1392)
#### Katharina (um 1375-1409)
## Friedrich I.(† 1364/68), Bischof von Regensburg
## Margarethe (1317-1382) ∞ Adolf I. (1307-1370), Graf von Nassau-Wiesbaden
## Berthold (1320-1365), Bischof von Eichstätt
## Helena (1321-1374) ∞ Otto VIII. (1299-1354), Graf von Weimar-Orlamünde
## Katharina († nach 1373) ∞ Eberhard I. (III.) († 1373), Graf von Wertheim
## Anna († nach 1340) ∞ Ulrich I. († 1334), Landgraf von Leuchtenburg
## Albrecht der Schöne († 1361), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Sophie von Henneberg († 1372)
### Margarethe (1359-1391) ∞ Balthasar (1336-1406), Landgraf von Thüringen aus dem Hause Wettin
### Anna (1360-1413) ∞ Swantibor (1351-1413), Herzog von Pommern-Stettin
## Agnes († 1364) ∞ Albrecht II. († um 1373), Graf von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg

== Von '''Albrecht Achilles''' bis '''Joachim Friedrich''' ==
# [[Albrecht Achilles]] (1414–1486)
## Ursula (1450–1508) ∞ Herzog Heinrich I. von Münsterberg
## Elisabeth (1451–1524) ∞ [[Eberhard II. (Württemberg, Herzog)]] (1447–1504)
## Margareta (1453–1509), Äbtissin von Kloster Hof
## [[Johann Cicero]] (1455–1499), Kurfürst von Brandenburg ∞ Margarete, Tochter von Herzog [[Wilhelm III. (Sachsen)]] (1425–1482)
### [[Joachim I. (Brandenburg)]] (1484–1535), gen. ''Nestor'' ∞ Elisabeth († 1555), Tochter von König [[Johann I. (Dänemark)]] (1455–1513)
#### [[Joachim II. (Brandenburg)]] (1505–1571), gen. ''Hektor''
##### [[Johann Georg (Brandenburg)]] (1525–1598) ∞ (I) Sophie von Schlesien-Liegnitz, (1525/26-1548); (II) Sabine von Brandenburg-Ansbach, (1529-1575); (III) Elisabeth von Anhalt, 1563-1607
###### (I) '''[[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)''' ∞ (I) Katharina von Brandenburg-Küstrin, (1549-1602); (II) Eleonore von Preußen, (1583-1607)
###### (II) [[Sophie von Brandenburg]] (1568–1622) ∞ Kurfürst [[Christian I. von Sachsen]] (1560–1591)
###### (III) '''[[Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1581–1655)''' ∞ [[Marie von Preußen]] (1579–1649), Tochter von [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618)
###### (III) [[Magdalena von Brandenburg]] (1582–1616) ∞ [[Ludwig V. (Hessen-Darmstadt)]] (1577–1626)
###### (III) '''[[Joachim Ernst (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1583–1625)''' ∞ [[Sophie von Solms-Laubach]] (1594–1651), Tochter von Graf Johann Georg I. von Solms-Laubach (1547–1600)
###### (III) Friedrich (1588–1611)
###### (III) Elisabeth Sophie (1589-1629) ∞ (I) Janus I., Fürst Radziwill († 1620); (II) Julius Heinrich, Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, (1586-1665)
###### (III) Georg Albrecht (1591–1615)
###### (III) Johann (1597–1627)
###### (III) Johann Georg (1598–1637)
##### Friedrich († 1552), Erzbischof von Magdeburg
##### [[Sigismund von Brandenburg]] († 1566), Erzbischof von Magdeburg
#### [[Elisabeth von Brandenburg]] (1510–1558)
#### [[Johann (Brandenburg-Küstrin)]] (1513–1571) ∞ Katharina von Braunschweig (1518-1574), Tochter von Herzog [[Heinrich II. (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)]] (1489-1568)
##### [[Elisabeth von Brandenburg-Küstrin]] (1540-1578) ∞ [[Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) der Ältere|Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) d. Ä.]] (1539–1603)
##### [[Katharina von Brandenburg-Küstrin]] (1549–1602) ∞ Kurfürst [[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)
### [[Anna von Brandenburg]] (1487-1547) ∞ König [[Friedrich I. (Dänemark und Norwegen)]] (1471-1533)
### Ursula (1488-1510) ∞ [[Heinrich V. (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)]] (1479-1552), Sohn von [[Magnus II. (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)]]
### [[Albrecht (Brandenburg)]] (1490–1545), Kardinal, Erzbischof von Magdeburg und Mainz
## [[Friedrich V. (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1460–1536) ∞ Sophie (1464–1512), Tochter von [[Kasimir IV. (Polen)]] (1427–1492)
### Elisabeth (1480-??)
### [[Kasimir (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1481–1527) ∞ [[Susanna von Bayern]] (1502–1543), Tochter von Herzog [[Albrecht IV. (Bayern)]] (1447–1508)
#### Marie (1519–1567) ∞ Kurfürst [[Friedrich III. (Pfalz)]] (1515–1576)
#### Katharina (1520–1521)
#### [[Albrecht Alcibiades von Brandenburg-Kulmbach]] (1522–1557)
#### Kunigunde (1524–1558) ∞ Markgraf [[Karl II. (Baden)]] (1529–1577)
#### Friedrich (1525)
### Margarete (1483–1532)
### [[Georg (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1484–1543)
#### Anna Maria (1526–1589) ∞ Herzog [[Christoph (Württemberg)]] (1515–1568)
#### Sabine (1529–1575) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Georg (Brandenburg)]] (1525–1598)
#### Sofie (1535–1587) ∞ Herzog [[Heinrich XI. von Liegnitz]] (1539-1588)
#### Barbara (1536–1591)
#### Dorothea Katharina (1538–1604) ∞ Heinrich VI. von Plauen, Burggraf von [[Meißen]]
#### [[Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) der Ältere|Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) d. Ä.]] (1539–1603)
### Sofie (1485–1537) ∞ Herzog Friedrich II. von Liegnitz
### Anna (1487–1539) ∞ Wenzel III., Herzog von Teschen
### Barbara (1488–1490)
### [[Albrecht von Brandenburg-Preußen]] (1490–1568)
#### [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618) ∞ Maria Eleonore von Jülich-Kleve (1550–1608), Tochter von [[Wilhelm der Reiche]] (1516–1592)
##### Anna (1576–1625) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Sigismund]] (1572–1619)
##### Marie (1579–1649) ∞ Markgraf [[Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1581–1655)
##### Albrecht Friedrich (1580)
##### Sophie (1582–1610) ∞ [[Wilhelm von Kettler]] (1574–1640), Herzog von Kurland
##### Eleonore (1583–1607) ∞ Kurfürst [[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)
##### Wilhelm Friedrich (1585–1586)
##### [[Magdalena Sibylle I.]] (1586–1659) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Georg I. (Sachsen)]] (1585–1656)
### Friedrich (1491–1497)
### Johann (1493–1525) ∞ Germaine de Foix
### Elisabeth (1494–1518) ∞ Markgraf [[Ernst I. (Baden)]] (1482–1553)
### Barbara (1495–1552) ∞ Georg III., Landgraf von Leuchtenberg
### Friedrich (1497–1536), Chorherr in Würzburg und Salzburg
### [[Wilhelm von Brandenburg]] (1498–1563), Erzbischof von Riga
### [[Johann Albrecht (Brandenburg)]] (1499–1550), Erzbischof von Magdeburg
## Amalie (1461–1481) ∞ Kaspar, Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken
## Barbara (1464–1515)
## Sibylle (1467–1524) ∞ Herzog [[Wilhelm III. von Jülich-Berg]] (1454/55-1511)
## [[Siegmund (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1468–1495)
## Dorothea (1471–1520), Äbtissin in Bamberg
## Elisabeth (1474–1507) ∞ Graf Hermann VIII. von Henneberg-Aschach (1470–1535)
## Anastasia (1478–1534) ∞ Graf Wilhelm VII. von Henneberg-Schleusingen (1478–1559)

=== Von '''Joachim Friedrich''' bis '''Friedrich I. in Preußen''' ===
# [[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)
## [[Johann Sigismund]] (1572–1619) ∞ Anna von Preußen (1576–1625), Tochter von Herzog [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618)
### [[Georg Wilhelm (Brandenburg)]] (1595–1640) ∞ [[Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz]] (1597–1660), Tochter von [[Friedrich IV. (Pfalz)]] (1574–1610)
#### Luise Charlotte (1617–1676) ∞ [[Jakob Kettler]] (1610–1681), Herzog von [[Kurland]]
#### [[Friedrich Wilhelm (Brandenburg)]] (1620–1688), ''der Große Kurfürst'' ∞ (I) [[Luise Henriette von Oranien]] (1627-1667), Tochter von [[Friedrich Heinrich (Oranien)]] (1584-1647); ∞ (II) [[Dorothea von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] (1636-1689), Tochter von [[Philipp (Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg)]] (1584-1663)
##### (I) Wilhelm Heinrich (1648–1649)
##### (I) [[Karl Emil von Brandenburg]] (1655–1674)
##### (I) '''[[Friedrich I. (Preußen)]] (1657–1713),''' König ''in'' Preußen
##### (I) Amalia (1664–1665)
##### (I) Heinrich (1664)
##### (I) Ludwig (1666–1687) ∞ Luise Charlotte Radziwiłł (1667-1695), Tochter von Fürst [[Bogusław Radziwiłł]] (1620-1669)
##### (II) [[Philipp Wilhelm (Brandenburg-Schwedt)]] (1669–1711) ∞ Johanna Charlotte von Anhalt-Dessau (1682–1750), Tochter von [[Johann Georg II. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1627–1693) – ''Brandenburg-Schwedt''
###### Friedrich Wilhelm (1700–1771) ∞ Sophie Dorothee Marie von Preußen (1719–1765), Tochter von [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Preußen)]] (1688–1740)
####### Friederike Dorothea (1736–1798) ∞ Herzog [[Friedrich Eugen (Württemberg)]] (1732–1797)
####### [[Anna Elisabeth Luise von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1738–1820) ∞ [[Ferdinand von Preußen]] (1730–1813)
####### Georg Philipp (1741–1742)
####### [[Philippine von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1745–1800) ∞ Landgraf [[Friedrich II. (Hessen-Kassel)]] (1720–1785)
####### Georg Philipp (1749–1751)
###### Henriette Marie (1702–1782) ∞ Prinz Friedrich Ludwig von Württemberg (1698–1731)
###### [[Heinrich Friedrich (Brandenburg-Schwedt)]] (1709–1788) ∞ [[Leopoldine Marie von Anhalt-Dessau]] (1716–1782), Tochter von [[Leopold I. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1676-1747)
####### Friederike (1745-1808), Äbtissin in Herford
####### [[Luise Prinzessin von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1750-1811) ∞ Herzog [[Leopold III. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1740-1817)
##### (II) Marie (1670-1739) ∞ (I) Karl, Herzog von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1664-1688); (II) [[Moritz Wilhelm (Sachsen-Zeitz)]] (1664-1718)
##### (II) Albrecht Friedrich (1672–1731) ∞ Marie Dorothea von Kurland (1684-1743), Tochter von [[Friedrich II. Kasimir]] (1650-1698), Herzog von Kurland
###### Friedrich Karl Albrecht (1704-1707)
###### [[Karl von Brandenburg]] (1705–1762)
###### Anna Sophie Charlotte (1706–1775) ∞ [[Wilhelm Heinrich (Sachsen-Eisenach)]] (1691-1741)
###### Luise Wilhelmine (1709-1726)
###### Friedrich (1710–1741)
###### [[Albertine von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1712-1750) ∞ [[Viktor Friedrich (Anhalt-Bernburg)]] (1700-1765), Sohn von [[Karl Friedrich (Anhalt-Bernburg)]]
###### Friedrich Wilhelm (1714–1744)
##### (II) Karl Philipp (1673–1695) ∞ Katharina von Balbiano († 1719)
##### (II) Elisabeth Sophie (1674-1748) ∞ (I) [[Friedrich II. Kasimir]] (1650-1698), Herzog von Kurland; (II) Markgraf [[Christian Ernst (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1644–1712), Generalfeldmarschall; (III) Herzog [[Ernst Ludwig (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1672–1724), Sohn von [[Bernhard I. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1649-1706)
##### (II) Dorothea (1675-1676)
##### (II) Christian Ludwig (1677–1734)
##### (II) Maria Amalia
#### Hedwig Sophie (1623–1683) ∞ Landgraf [[Wilhelm VI. (Hessen-Kassel)]] (1629–1663)
#### Johann Sigismund (1624)
### Anna Sophie (1598-1659) ∞ Herzog [[Friedrich Ulrich (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)]] (1591-1634)
### [[Maria Eleonora von Brandenburg]] (1599–1655) ∞ König [[Gustav II. Adolf von Schweden]] (1594–1632)
### Katharina (1602–1644) ∞ (I) [[Gábor Bethlen]] (um 1580–1629), Fürst von Siebenbürgen; (II) Herzog Franz Karl von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1594-1660)
## [[Anna Katharina von Brandenburg]] (1575–1612) ∞ König [[Christian IV. (Dänemark und Norwegen)]] (1577–1648)
## Johann Georg (1577–1624), Herzog von Jägerndorf ∞ Eva Christine von Württemberg (1590–1657), Tochter von [[Friedrich I. (Württemberg, Herzog)]] (1557–1608)
### Ernst (1617-1642), 1641 Statthalter in der Kurmark
## August (1580–1601)
## Albrecht Friedrich (1582–1600)
## Joachim (1583–1600)
## Ernst (1583–1613)
## Barbara Sophie (1584–1636) ∞ [[Johann Friedrich (Württemberg)]] (1582–1628)
## [[Christian Wilhelm (Brandenburg)]] (1587–1665), Administrator von Magdeburg
### Sophie Elisabeth (1616–1650) ∞ [[Friedrich Wilhelm II. (Sachsen-Altenburg)]] (1603–1669), Sohn von [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Sachsen-Weimar)]] (1562–1602)
## Marie Eleonore (1607-1675) ∞ Ludwig Philipp von Pfalz-Simmern (1602-1655), Sohn von Kurfürst [[Friedrich IV. (Pfalz)]] (1574-1610)

==== Von '''Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)''' an ====
# [[Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1581–1655) ∞ Marie von Preußen (1579–1649), Tochter von [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618)
## Erdmann August († 1651)
### [[Christian Ernst (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1644–1712), Generalfeldmarschall
#### [[Christiane Eberhardine von Brandenburg-Bayreuth]] (1671–1727) ∞ König [[August II. (Polen)]] (1670–1733)
#### [[Georg Wilhelm (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1678–1726)
## [[Magdalena Sibylle II. von Brandenburg]] (1612–1687) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Georg II. (Sachsen)]] (1613–1680)
## [[Georg Albrecht (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1619–1666)
### Erdmann Philipp (1659-1678)
### [[Christian Heinrich (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1661–1708) ∞ Sophie Christine von Wolfstein (1667–1737), Tochter von Graf Albrecht Friedrich von Wolfstein (1644–1693)
#### [[Georg Friedrich Karl (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1688–1735) ∞ Dorothea von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1685–1761), Tochter von Herzog Friedrich Ludwig von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1653–1728)
##### Sophie Christine Luise (1710-1739)
##### [[Friedrich (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1711–1763)
###### [[Elisabeth Friederike Sophie von Brandenburg-Bayreuth]] (1732–1780) ∞ Herzog [[Karl Eugen (Württemberg)]] (1728–1793)
##### Wilhelm Ernst (1712-1733)
##### Sophie Charlotte Albertine (1713–1747) ∞ [[Ernst August I. (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)]] (1688–1748)
##### Wilhelmine Sophie (1714-1749)
#### Albrecht Wolfgang (1689-1734)
#### Dorothea Charlotte (1691-1712)
#### Friedrich Emanuel (1692-1693)
#### Christiane Henriette (1693-1695)
#### Friedrich Wilhelm (1695)
#### Christiane (1698)
#### Christian August (1699-1700)
#### [[Sophie Magdalene (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1700–1770) ∞ König [[Christian VI. (Dänemark)]] (1699–1746)
#### Christine Wilhelmine (1702-1704)
#### Friedrich Ernst (1703-1762)
#### Marie Eleonore (1704-1705)
#### Sophie Karoline (1707-1764)
#### [[Friedrich Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1708–1769) ∞ Viktoria Charlotte von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1715–1792), Tochter von Prinz Viktor I. Amadeus von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1693–1772)
##### Christiane Sophie Charlotte (1733–1757) ∞ [[Ernst Friedrich III. (Sachsen-Hildburghausen)]] (1727–1780), Sohn von [[Ernst Friedrich II. (Sachsen-Hildburghausen)]] (1707–1745)
###### '''-> ausgestorbene Linie'''
### Karl August (1663-1731)
### Georg Albrecht (1666-1703)

==== Von '''Joachim Ernst (Brandenburg-Ansbach)''' an ====
# [[Joachim Ernst (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1583–1625) ∞ [[Sophie von Solms-Laubach]] (1594–1651), Tochter von Graf Johann Georg I. von Solms-Laubach (1547–1600)
## Sophie (1614-1646)
## [[Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1616-1634), gefallen
## Albrecht (1617)
## [[Albrecht (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1620–1667)
### Sophie Elisabeth (1643-1643)
### Albertine Luise (1646-1670)
### Sophie Amalie (1649-1649)
### Luise Sophie (1652-1668)
### [[Johann Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1654–1686)
#### Leopold Friedrich (1674-1676)
#### [[Christian Albrecht (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1675–1692)
#### Dorothea Friederike (1676–1731)
#### [[Georg Friedrich der Jüngere (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1678-1703)
#### Charlotte Sophie (1679-1680)
#### [[Caroline von Ansbach]] (1683–1737) ∞ König [[Georg II. (Großbritannien)]] (1683–1760)
#### Friedrich August (1685)
#### [[Wilhelm Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1686–1723)
##### [[Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1712–1757) ∞ [[Friederike Luise von Ansbach]] (1714–1784), Tochter von König [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Preußen)]] (1688–1740)
###### Karl (1733–1737)
###### [[Karl Alexander (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1736–1806)
####### '''-> ausgestorbene Linie'''
##### Eleonore (1713-1714)
##### Friedrich Karl (1715-1716)
##### Joseph Friedrich (1723–1769)
###### Karl Friedrich (1754–1785)
### Albrecht Ernst (1659-1674)
### [[Dorothea Charlotte von Brandenburg-Ansbach]] (1661–1705) ∞ [[Ernst Ludwig (Hessen-Darmstadt)]] (1667–1739)
### Eleonore Juliane (1663-1724) ∞ [[Friedrich Carl (Württemberg)]] (1652-1698)
## Christian (1623-1633)

=== Von '''Friedrich I. in Preußen''' bis '''Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)''' ===
# [[Friedrich I. (Preußen)]] (1657–1713), König ''in'' Preußen
## [[Louise von Brandenburg]] (1680–1705) ∞ König [[Friedrich I. (Schweden)]] 1676–1751
## Friedrich August (1685–1686)
## [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Preußen)]] (1688–1740) ∞ [[Sophie Dorothea von Hannover]] (1687–1757), Tochter von König [[Georg I. (Großbritannien)]] (1660–1727)
### Friedrich Ludwig (1707–1708)
### [[Wilhelmine von Bayreuth]] (1709–1758) ∞ Markgraf [[Friedrich (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1711–1763)
### Friedrich Wilhelm (1710–1711)
### [[Friedrich II. (Preußen)]] (1712–1786) ∞ [[Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern]] (1715–1797), Tochter von Herzog [[Ferdinand Albrecht II. (Braunschweig)]] (1680–1735)
### [[Friederike Luise von Ansbach]] (1714–1784) ∞ [[Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1712–1757), Sohn von Wilhelm Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach
### [[Philippine Charlotte von Preußen]] (1716–1801) ∞ Herzog [[Karl I. (Braunschweig)]] (1713–1780)
### Sophie Dorothee Marie (1719–1765) ∞ Friedrich Wilhelm von Schwedt (1700–1771), Sohn von [[Philipp Wilhelm (Brandenburg-Schwedt)]] (1669–1711)
### [[Luise Ulrike von Schweden]] (1720–1782) ∞ König [[Adolf Friedrich (Schweden)]] (1710–1771)
### [[August Wilhelm Prinz von Preußen]] (1722–1758) ∞ [[Luise Amalie von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] (1722–1780), Tochter von [[Ferdinand Albrecht II. (Braunschweig)]] (1680–1735)
#### [[Friedrich Wilhelm II. (Preußen)]] (1744–1797)
##### [[Friederike Charlotte von Preußen]] (1767–1820) ∞ [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany]] (1763–1827)
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm III. (Preußen)]] (1770–1840) ∞ [[Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1776–1810), Tochter von Großherzog [[Karl II. (Mecklenburg-Strelitz)]] (1741–1816)
###### Geburt einer toten Tochter (1794)
###### [[Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (Preußen)]] (1795–1861) ∞ [[Elisabeth Ludovika von Bayern]] (1801–1873), Tochter von [[Maximilian I. (Bayern, König)]] (1756–1825)
###### [[Wilhelm I. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1797–1888) ∞ [[Augusta von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1811–1890), Tochter von Großherzog [[Carl Friedrich (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)]] (1783–1853)
####### [[Friedrich III. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1831–1888) ∞ [[Kaiserin Victoria]] (1840–1901), Tochter von [[Albert von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha]] (1819–1861)
######## '''[[Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1859–1941)''' ∞ [[Auguste Viktoria]] (1858–1921), Tochter von Herzog [[Friedrich VIII. (Schleswig-Holstein)]] (1829-1880)
######## Charlotte (1860–1919) ∞ Herzog [[Bernhard III. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1851–1928), Sohn von Herzog [[Georg II. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1826–1914)
######## [[Albert Wilhelm Heinrich von Preußen]] (1862–1929) ∞ [[Irene Luise Maria Anna von Hessen]] (1866–1953), Tochter von Großherzog [[Ludwig IV. (Hessen-Darmstadt)]] (1837–1892)
######### Waldemar (1889–1945)
######### Sigismund (1896–1978)
######### Heinrich Viktor Ludwig Friedrich (1900–1904)
######## Sigismund (1864–1866)
######## [[Viktoria von Schaumburg-Lippe]] (1866–1929) ∞ Prinz [[Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe]] (1859–1916), Sohn von [[Adolf I. (Schaumburg-Lippe)]] (1817–1893)
######## Waldemar (1868–1879)
######## [[Sophie von Preußen]] (1870–1932) ∞ König [[Konstantin I. (Griechenland)]] (1868–1923)
######## Margarethe (1872–1954) ∞ König [[Väinö I. (Finnland)]] (1868–1940), geb. ''Friedrich Karl''
####### [[Luise Marie Elisabeth von Preußen]] (1838–1923) ∞ Großherzog [[Friedrich I. (Baden)]] (1826–1907)
###### [[Charlotte von Preußen]] (1798–1860) ∞ Zar [[Nikolaus I. (Russland)]] (1796–1855)
###### Friederike (1799–1800)
###### [[Carl von Preußen]] (1801–1883) ∞ [[Marie Luise von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1808-1877), Tochter von [[Carl Friedrich (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)]] (1783-1853)
####### [[Friedrich Karl von Preußen]] (1828–1885) ∞ [[Maria Anna von Anhalt-Dessau]] (1837–1906), Tochter von [[Leopold IV. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1794–1871)
######## Marie (1855–1888) ∞ [[Heinrich von Oranien-Nassau]] (1820–1879)
######## [[Elisabeth Anna (Preußen)]] (1857–1895) ∞ Erbgroßherzog [[Friedrich August (Oldenburg)]] (1852–1931)
######## [[Luise Margareta von Preußen]] (1860–1917) ∞ [[Arthur Wilhelm, Herzog von Connaught]] (1850–1942)
######## Friedrich Leopold (1865–1931) ∞ Sophie von Schleswig-Holstein (1866–1952)
######### Viktoria Margarete (1890–1923)
######### Friedrich Sigismund (1891–1927)
######### Friedrich Karl (1893–1917)
######### Friedrich Leopold (1895–1959)
####### Luise (1829–1901) ∞ Alexis von Hessen-Philippsthal (1829–1905), Sohn von Karl von Hessen-Philippsthal
####### [[Maria Anna von Preußen]] (1836–1918) ∞ Prinz [[Friedrich (Hessen-Kassel)]] (1820–1884), Sohn von Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel († 1864)
###### Alexandrine (1803–1892) ∞ Großherzog [[Paul Friedrich (Mecklenburg)]] (1800–1842)
###### Ferdinand (1804–1806)
###### [[Luise von Preußen (1808–1879)]] ∞ Prinz [[Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Oranien-Nassau]] (1797–1881)
###### [[Albrecht von Preußen (1809–1872)]] ∞ [[Marianne von Oranien-Nassau]] (1810–1883), Tochter von König [[Wilhelm I. (Niederlande)]] (1772–1843)
####### Friederike Luise Wilhelmine Marianne ''Charlotte'' (1831–1855) ∞ Herzog [[Georg II. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1826–1914)
####### [[Albrecht von Preußen (1837–1906)]] (1837–1906) ∞ [[Marie von Sachsen-Altenburg (Preußen)]] (1854–1898), Tochter von [[Ernst I. (Sachsen-Altenburg)]] (1826–1908)
######## Friedrich Heinrich (1874–1940)
######## Joachim Albrecht (1876–1939)
######## Friedrich Wilhelm (1880–1925)
####### Friederike Luise Wilhelmine ''Elisabeth'' (1840–1840)
####### Friederike Wilhelmine Luise Elisabeth ''Alexandrine'' (1842–1906) ∞ Wilhelm, Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1827–1879)
##### [[Friedrich Ludwig Karl Prinz von Preußen]] (1773–1796), genannt ''Louis'' ∞ [[Friederike von Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1778–1841), Tochter von Großherzog [[Karl II. (Mecklenburg-Strelitz)]] (1741–1816)
###### [[Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Preußen]] (1794–1863) ∞ Wilhelmine Louise von Anhalt-Bernburg (1799–1882), Tochter von [[Alexius Friedrich Christian (Anhalt-Bernburg)]] (1767-1834)
####### Alexander (1820–1896)
####### Georg (1826–1902)
###### ''Friedrich'' Wilhelm Karl Georg (1795–1798)
###### ''Friederike'' Wilhelmina Luise Amelia (1796–1850) ∞ [[Leopold IV. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1794–1871)
##### [[Wilhelmine von Preußen]] (1774–1837) ∞ König [[Wilhelm I. (Niederlande)]] (1772–1843)
##### Auguste (1780–1841) ∞ [[Wilhelm II. (Kurfürst)|Wilhelm II.]] (1777–1847), Kurfürst von Hessen-Kassel
##### [[Karl Heinrich von Preußen]] (1781–1846), Großmeister der preußischen Johanniter
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Preußen]] (1783–1851) ∞ [[Maria Anna Amalie von Hessen-Homburg]] (1785–1846), Tochter von Landgraf [[Friedrich V. (Hessen-Homburg)]] (1748–1820)
###### [[Adalbert von Preußen]] (1811–1873) ∞ Therese Elßler (Frau von Barnim) (1808–1878)
###### [[Elisabeth von Preußen]] (1815–1885) ∞ [[Karl Wilhelm Ludwig von Hessen]] (1809–1877)
###### [[Waldemar von Preußen]] (1817–1849)
###### [[Marie Friederike Franziska Hedwig von Preußen]] (1825–1889) ∞ [[Maximilian II. (Bayern)]] (1811–1864)
#### [[Friedrich Heinrich Karl Prinz von Preußen]] (1747–1767)
#### Friederike Sophie ''Wilhelmine'' (1751–1820) ∞ [[Wilhelm V. von Oranien]] (1748–1806), Statthalter der Niederlande
#### Georg Karl Emil (1758–1759)
### [[Anna Amalie, Prinzessin von Preußen]] (1723–1787)
### [[Heinrich Prinz von Preußen]] (1726–1802) ∞ [[Wilhelmine von Hessen-Kassel]] (1726–1808), Tochter von Landgraf Maximilian von Hessen-Kassel
### [[Ferdinand von Preußen]] (1730–1813) ∞ [[Anna Elisabeth Luise von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1738–1820), Tochter von Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt (1700–1771)
#### Friederike Elisabeth Dorothea Henriette Amalie (1761–1773)
#### Friedrich Heinrich Emil Carl (1769–1773)
#### [[Luise Friederike von Preußen]] (1770–1836) ∞ Fürst [[Anton Radziwill]] (1775–1833)
#### Heinrich Friedrich Carl Ludwig (1771–1790)
#### [[Louis Ferdinand Prinz von Preußen]] (1772–1806)
#### Friedrich Paul Heinrich August (1776)
#### [[August von Preußen]] (1779–1843)

=== Von '''Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)''' an ===
# [[Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1859–1941) ∞ [[Auguste Viktoria]] (1858–1921), Tochter von Herzog [[Friedrich VIII. (Schleswig-Holstein)]] (1829-1880)
## [[Wilhelm von Preußen (1882–1951)]] ∞ [[Cecilie von Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1886–1954), Tochter von Großherzog [[Friedrich Franz III. (Mecklenburg)]] (1851–1897)
### [[Wilhelm von Preußen (1906–1940)]], gefallen ∞ Dorothea von Salviati (1907–1972)
#### Felicitas (* 1934)
#### Christa (* 1936) ∞ Peter Liebes (1926–1967)
### [[Louis Ferdinand von Preußen]] (1907–1994) ∞ Kira Kirilovna (1909–1967), Tochter von Großfürst Kyrill Wladimirowitsch von Russland (1876–1938)
#### Friedrich Wilhelm (* 1939)
#### Michael (* 1940)
#### Marie-Cécile (* 1942)
#### [[Kira von Preußen]] (1943–2004)
#### [[Louis Ferdinand Oskar von Preußen]] (1944–1977) ∞ Donata von Castell-Rüdenhausen (* 1950)
##### [[Georg Friedrich von Preußen]] (* 1976)
##### Cornelie-Cécilie (* 1978)
#### Christian-Sigismund (* 1946)
#### Xenia (1949–1992)
### [[Hubertus von Preußen]] (1909–1950)
### [[Friedrich von Preußen]] (1911–1966) ∞ Lady Brigid Guinness (1920–1995)
#### Friedrich Nikolas (* 1946) ∞ Victoria Lucinda Mancroft (* 1952)
#### Andreas (* 1947) ∞ Alexandra Blahova (* 1947)
#### Victoria (* 1952) ∞ Philippe Alphonse Achache (* 1948)
#### Antonia (* 1955) ∞ Charles Wellesley, Marquess of Douro (* 1945)
#### Rupert (* 1955) ∞ Ziba Rastegar (* 1954)
##### Brigid (* 1983)
##### Astrid (* 1985)
### Alexandrine Irene von Preußen (1915–1980)
### Cecilie (1917–1975) ∞ Clyde Kenneth Harris (1918–1958)
## [[Eitel Friedrich von Preußen]] (1883–1942), 34. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens ∞ [[Sophie Charlotte von Oldenburg]] (1879–1964), Tochter von Großherzog [[Friedrich August (Oldenburg)]] (1852–1931)
## [[Adalbert Ferdinand Berengar von Preußen]] (1884–1948) ∞ Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen (1891–1971), Tochter von Friedrich von Sachsen-Meiningen (1861–1914)
### Viktoria Marina (1915)
### Viktoria Marina (1917–1981)
### Wilhelm Viktor (1919–1989)
## [[August Wilhelm von Preußen]] (1887–1949) ∞ Alexandra Viktoria von Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg (1887–1957), Tochter von Friedrich Ferdinand von Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg (1855–1934)
### Alexander Ferdinand (1912–1985)
## [[Oskar Prinz von Preußen (* 1888)]] (1888–1958), 35. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens ∞ Ina von Bassewitz (Ruppin) (1888–1973)
### Oskar (1915–1939), gefallen
### Burchard (1917–1988)
### Herzeleide (1918–1989)
### [[Wilhelm Karl von Preußen]] (* 1922), 36. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens ∞ Armgard von Veltheim (* 1926)
#### Donata-Viktoria (* 1952)
#### Wilhelm Karl jun. (* 1955)
#### [[Oskar Prinz von Preußen (* 1959)]], 37. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens
## [[Joachim von Preußen]] (1890–1920) ∞ Maria von Anhalt (1898–1983), Tochter von [[Eduard (Herzog von Anhalt)]] (1861-1918)
### [[Karl Franz Joseph von Preußen]] (1916–1975)
#### Franz Wilhelm (* 1943)
#### Friedrich Christian Ludwig (1943)
#### Franz Friedrich (* 1944)
#### Alexandra (* 1960)
#### Désirée (* 1961)
## [[Viktoria Luise von Preußen]] (1892–1980) ∞ Herzog [[Ernst August (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)]] (1887–1953)

== Von '''Friedrich VI. von Hohenzollern''' bis '''Karl I. von Hohenzollern''' ==

# Friedrich VI. († 1298), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Kunigunde von Baden († 1310)
## Friedrich VIII. († 1333), gen. ''Ostertag'', Graf von Hohenzollern
### Friedrich XIX. († 1365), gen. ''der Straßburger'', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Margarethe von Hohenberg
#### Friedrich XX. († 1401), gen. ''der Ältere'', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Adelheid von Fürstenberg († 1413)
##### Friedrich XXIX. († 1443), gen. ''der Öttinger'', Graf von Hohenzollern
##### Eitel Friedrich I. († 1439), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Ursula von Razuns († 1477)
###### Jobst Nikolaus I. († 1488), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Agnes von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (1434-1467)
####### Eitel Friedrich II. (1452-1512), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Magdalena (1460-1496), Tochter von Friedrich (III.) von Brandenburg (1424-1463)
######## Maria (1488-1548) ∞ Ludwig XV. (1486-1557), Graf von Öttingen-Öttingen
######## Eitel Friedrich III. (1494-1525), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Johanna von Witthem (1495-1536)
######### '''[[Karl I. von Hohenzollern]] (1516-1576)'''
######## Franz Wolfgang (1484-1517), Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Rosine von Baden (1487-1554)
######### Christoph Friedrich († 1535), Graf von Hohenberg
######### Franz Joachim († 1538), Graf von Hohenberg
########## Jobst Nikolaus II. († 1558), Graf von Hohenberg
######### Elisabeth (1514-1573) ∞ Johann Christoph I. de la Scala von Verona (1509-1544)
### Friedrich XVII., der Ältere Schwarzgraf († 1379)
#### Friedrich XXVI., der jüngere Schwarzgraf († 1412)

== Von '''Karl I. von Hohenzollern''' bis '''Karl Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen''' ==
# [[Karl I. von Hohenzollern]] (1516–1576) ∞ Anna von Baden-Durlach (1512–1579), Tochter von [[Ernst I. (Baden)]] (1482–1553) – '''Teilung 1575'''
## Ferfried (1538–1556)
## Ernst (1539–1539)
## Jacob (1543)
## Marie (1544–1611)
## [[Eitel Friedrich IV. (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1545–1605) – ''[[Hohenzollern-Hechingen]]''
### [[Johann Georg (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
#### [[Eitel Friedrich V. (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
#### [[Philipp Christoph Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
###### [[Friedrich Ludwig (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
##### Hermann Friedrich
###### [[Josef Friedrich Wilhelm (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1717–1798)
###### Franz Xaver († 1765)
####### [[Hermann (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1748–1810)
######## Friedrich Hermann
######### Friedrich Wilhelm († 1869)
####### Franz († 1844)
######## [[Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1790–1847) ∞ Karoline von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1810–1885), Tochter von [[Karl (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1785–1853)
######### [[Konstantin (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1801–1869) ∞ [[Eugènie de Beauharnais II.]] (1808–1847), Tochter von [[Eugène Beauharnais]] (1781–1824)
#### [[Katharina Ursula von Hohenzollern–Hechingen]] (1610–1640) ∞ Markgraf [[Wilhelm I. (Baden)]] (1593–1677)
### Johanna (1581–1634) ∞ [[Johann (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1578–1638)
## [[Karl II. (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1547–1606) – ''[[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]]''
### Ferdinand (1571)
### [[Johann (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1578–1638) ∞ Johanna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1581–1634), Tochter von [[Eitel Friedrich IV. (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1545–1605)
#### [[Meinrad I. (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1605–1681) ∞ Anna Maria von Töring (1613–1682)
##### [[Maximilian (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1636–1689) ∞ Marie Klara von Berg (1635–1715)
###### [[Meinrad II. (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1673–1715) ∞ Johanna von Montfort (1678–1759)
####### [[Joseph Franz Ernst (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1702–1769)
######## [[Karl Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1724–1785) ∞ Johanna von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1727–1787), Tochter von Franz Wilhelm von Bergh (1704–1737)
######### [[Anton (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1762–1831) ∞ Amalie von Salm-Kyrburg (1760–1841)
########## [[Karl (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1785–1853)
########### Karoline (1810–1885)
########### '''[[Karl Anton (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1811–1885),''' preuß. Ministerpräsident ∞ [[Josephine von Baden]] (1813–1900), Tochter von Großherzog [[Carl (Baden)]] (1786–1818)
########### Amalie Antoinette (1815–1841) ∞ [[Eduard von Sachsen-Altenburg]] (1804–1852), Sohn von [[Friedrich (Sachsen-Altenburg)]] (1763–1834)
########### Friederike (1820–1906)
####### Franz Wilhelm von Bergh (1704–1737) ∞ Marie Katharina von Waldburg-Zeil (1702–1739)
######## Johanna (1727–1787) ∞ [[Karl Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1724–1785), Sohn von [[Joseph Franz Ernst (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1702–1769)
######## Johann Baptist († 1781)
##### Franz Anton von Haigerloch († 1702)
## Johanna (1548–1604) ∞ Graf Wilhelm von Oettingen († 1602)
## Marie Jakobe (1549–1578) ∞ Graf Leonhard von Harrach († 1597)
## Eleonore (1551–1598)
## Christoph (1552–1592) ∞ Baronin Katharina von Welsperg († 1608) – ''[[Haigerloch]]''
### Johann Christoph
### Karl
## Magdalene (1553–1571)
## Joachim (1554–1587) ∞ Gräfin Anna von Hohenstein (1568–1607)
## Christine (1555-??)
## Amalie (1557–1603)
## Kunigunde (1558–1595)

=== Von '''Karl Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen''' an ===
# [[Karl Anton (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1811–1885), preuß. Ministerpräsident ∞ [[Josephine von Baden]] (1813–1900), Tochter von Großherzog [[Carl (Baden)]] (1786–1818)
## [[Leopold von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1835–1905) ∞ [[Antonia Maria von Portugal]] (1845–1913), Tochter von Königin [[Maria II. (Portugal)]] (1819–1853)
### [[Wilhelm von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1864–1927)
#### [[Auguste Viktoria von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1890–1966) ∞ König [[Emanuel II. (Portugal)]] (1889–1932)
#### [[Friedrich Fürst von Hohenzollern]] (1891–1965) ∞ [[Margarete Prinzessin von Sachsen]] (1900–1962), Tochter von König [[Friedrich August III. (Sachsen)]] (1865–1932)
##### Maria Antonia (* 1921)
##### Maria Adelgunde (* 1921)
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenzollern]] (* 1924) ∞ [[Margarita Prinzessin zu Leiningen]] (* 1932), Tochter von Fürst Friedrich Karl Eduard Erwin VI. zu Leiningen (1898-1946)
###### Karl Friedrich (* 1952)
###### Albrecht Johannes (* 1954)
###### Ferdinand Maria Fidelis Leopold Meinrad Valentin (* 1960)
##### Franz Joseph (* 1926)
##### Johann Georg (* 1932) ∞ Brigitta von Schweden (* 1937), Tochter von [[Gustav Adolf Erbprinz von Schweden]] (1906-1947)
###### Karl Christian (* 1962)
###### Désirée Margaretha Victoria Sibylla Katharina Maria (* 1963)
###### Hubertus Gustaf Adolf (* 1966)
##### Maria Theresa (* 1932)
##### [[Ferfried Prinz von Hohenzollern]] (* 1943)
#### Franz Joseph (1891–1964) ∞ Alix von Sachsen (1901–1990), Tochter von König [[Friedrich August III. (Sachsen)]] (1865–1932)
##### Karl Anton (1922-1993)
##### Meinrad Leopold (* 1925)
##### Emanuel Joseph (* 1929)
##### Maria Margarethe (* 1938)
### [[Ferdinand I. (Rumänien)]] (1865–1927) ∞ [[Marie von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha]] (1875–1938), Tochter von [[Alfred (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha)]] (1844–1900)
#### [[Carol II.]] (1893–1953) ∞ [[Elena (Griechenland)]] (1896–1982), Tochter von [[Konstantin I. (Griechenland)]] (1868–1923)
##### [[Michael I. (Rumänien)]] (1921-2006) ∞ [[Anna von Bourbon-Parma]] (* 1923), Tochter von Prinz Renato von Bourbon-Parma
###### Margarita (* 1949)
###### Helen (* 1950)
###### Irina (* 1953)
###### Sophie (* 1957)
###### Maria (* 1964)
#### [[Elisabeth von Rumänien]] (1894–1956) ∞ König [[Georg II. (Griechenland)]] (1890–1947)
#### [[Maria von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1900–1961) ∞ König [[Alexander I. (Jugoslawien)]] (1888–1934)
#### Nikolaus (1903–1978)
#### Ileana (1909–1991)
#### Mircea (1913–1916)
### Karl Anton (1868–1919) ∞ [[Josephine Caroline von Belgien]] (1872–1958), Tochter von [[Philippe von Belgien]] (1837–1905)
#### Stephanie (1895–1975) ∞ Joseph Ernst Fugger von Glott (1895–1981)
#### Marie Antoinette (1896–1965) ∞ Egon Eyrl von und zu Waldgries und Liebenaich (1892–1981)
#### Albrecht (1898–1977)
## [[Stephanie von Hohenzollern]] (1837–1859) ∞ König [[Peter V. (Portugal)]] (1837–1861)
## [[Carol I.]] (1839–1914), '''König von Rumänien''' ∞ [[Carmen Sylva]] (1843–1916), geb. Prinzessin Elisabeth zu Wied, Tochter von Hermann von Wied (1814–1864)
### Maria (1870–1874)
## Anton (1841–1866), gefallen
## [[Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1843–1904) ∞ Luisa von Thurn und Taxis (1859–1948), Tochter von [[Maximilian Anton von Thurn und Taxis]] (1831–1867)
## [[Maria Luise von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1845–1912) ∞ [[Philippe von Belgien]] (1837–1905)

[[Kategorie:Hohenzollern|!]]
[[Kategorie:Prinz (Preußen)|Hohenzollern, Stammtafel der]]
[[Kategorie:Stammliste|Hohenzollern, Stammliste der]]

Stammliste der Hohenzollern

2006-05-20T20:08:14Z

64.12.117.9: /* Von '''Friedrich I. von Nürnberg''' bis '''Friedrich IV. von Nürnberg''' und '''Friedrich VI. von Hohenzollern''' */ Nachkommen Friedrich´s III. von Nürnberg

'''Stammliste der [[Hohenzollern]]''' mit den in der Wikipedia vertretenen Personen und wichtigen Zwischengliedern.

== Von '''Burkhard I.''' bis '''Friedrich I. von Nürnberg''' ==

# [[Burkhard I. (Zollern)]] († 1061), '''Graf von Zollern'''
## [[Friedrich I. (Zollern)]] († 1125), gen. ''Maute'', Graf von Zollern ∞ Udilhild († um 1134), Tochter von Egino III., Herzog von Urach
### Ulrich († 1135), Abt von Sankt Gallen
### Emma († nach 1152) ∞ Hugo I. († 1142), Pfalzgraf von Tübingen
### NN Tochter ∞ Werner I. († nach 1154), Graf von Homberg
### Egino († nach 1134)
### Adalbert († vor 1150), Mönch in Zwiefalten
### Burkhard I. (um 1096-um 1154), Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Helmburgis von Schala-Burghausen
#### Burkhard II. († vor 1193), gen. ''der Greiner'', Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Kunigunde von Grünenberg
##### Burkhard III. († vor 1225), Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Wiliperg von Aichelberg
###### Burkhard IV. († 1253), Graf von Hohenberg Mechthild von Tübingen
####### Gertrud/Anna (um 1225-1298) ∞ [[Rudolf I. (HRR)]] (1218-1291)
####### Adalbert II. (um 1235-1298), Graf zu Rottenburg ∞ 1. NN; ∞ 2. Margarethe von Fürstenberg († um 1296); ∞ 3. Ursula von Öttingen († 1308)
######## Adalbert III. († nach 1304), gen. ''Rösselmann'', Graf zu Rottenburg
######## Agnes ∞ Adalbert II. ( 1292), Graf von Görz & Tirol
######## Friedrich VII. († 1309), Graf von Hechingen
######## Adalheid ∞ Konrad († 1353), Graf von Schaunburg-Julbach
######## Irmgard († vor 1315) ∞ Ulrich († 1315), Graf von Württemberg
######## Adalbert IV. († nach 1304), Graf zu Rottenburg
######## Margarethe Heinrich, Graf von Berg-Schelkling
######## Rudolf I. († 1336), Graf zu Rottenburg
####### Mathilde, Äbtissin von Kloster Walde
####### Burkhard V. († 1318), Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg ∞ Liutgart von Tübingen
######## Otto I. († 1299), Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg ∞ Maria von Magenheim
######### Otto II., Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg
########## Otto III. († 1417/18), Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg
######## Burkhard VI. († um 1354), gen. ''Bürgi'', Graf zu Nagold-Wildberg
####### Ulrich († um 1280), Graf von Horb, Bondorf & Herrenberg
######## Agnes († 1310) ∞ Heinrich III. († 1330), Graf von Baden-Hachberg
###### Kunigunde ∞ Rudolf, Herr von Hewen
##### Adalbert I. († um 1231), Graf von Rottenburg
#### Friedrich († um 1195), Graf von Hohenberg
### Luitgart († nach 1150), Nonne in Zwiefalten
### [[Friedrich II. (Zollern)]] († um 1142/45)
#### '''[[Friedrich I. (Nürnberg)]]'''
== Von '''Friedrich I. von Nürnberg''' bis '''Friedrich IV. von Nürnberg''' und '''Friedrich VI. von Hohenzollern''' ==
# [[Friedrich I. (Nürnberg)]] (vielleicht 1158-1204), '''Burggraf von Nürnberg''' ∞ Sophie († 1218), Tochter von Konrad II., Burggraf von Nürnberg
## [[Konrad III. (Nürnberg)]] (1186-1260/61), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ (I) Clementia († 1238), Tochter von Graf [[Albrecht IV. (Habsburg)]] (um 1188-1239); ∞ (II) Adelheid, Tochter von Heinrich III., Graf von Frontenhausen
### Justine ∞ Nikolaus I. († 1313/18), Herzog von Schlesien-Troppau
### [[Friedrich III. (Nürnberg)]] (1220-1297), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ (I) Elisabeth (um 1225-1272), Tochter von Otto II., Herzog von Andechs-Meranien; ∞ (II) Helene (1247-1309), Tochter von Herzog [[Albrecht I. (Sachsen)]] (um 1175-1260)
#### (I) Johann († 1261/62)
#### (I) Siegmund († 1261/62)
#### (I) Maria († 1298) ∞ Ludwig V. († 1313), Graf von Öttingen
#### (I) Adelheid († 1306/07) ∞ Heinrich II. († 1308), Graf von Castell
#### (I) Elisabeth († vor 1288) ∞ 1. Gottfried III. († 1290), Graf von Hohenlohe; ∞ 2. Eberhard II. (1228-1284), Graf von Schlüsselburg
#### (II) [[Johann I. (Nürnberg)]] (1278/80-1300), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Agnes (um 1277-um 1355), Tochter von [[Heinrich I. von Hessen|Heinrich I., Landgraf von Hessen]], gen. ''das Kind'' († 1298)
#### (II) Anna ∞ Emicho I., Graf von Nassau-Hadamar († 1334)
#### (II) '''[[Friedrich IV. (Nürnberg)]] (1287-1332)''', Burggraf von Nürnberg
### Adelheid (um 1220-1304) ∞ Rapoto III. von Ortenburg († 1248), Pfalzgraf von Bayern
### Konrad IV. (um 1220-1314), gen. ''der Fromme'', Graf von Abenberg ∞ Agnes (1270-1342), Tochter von Albrecht I., Graf von Hohenlohe-Speckfeld
#### Friedrich († 1303), Deutsch-Ordens-Ritter
#### Konrad († 1304), Deutsch-Ordens-Ritter
#### Gottfried († 1318), Deutsch-Ordensritter
#### Agnes († 1318) ∞ (I) Konrad, Graf von Öttingen; (II) Friedrich, Graf von Truhendingen
#### Lukardis (1302-1326) ∞ Konrad II. (1280-1347), Graf von Schlüsselburg
#### 2 weitere Töchter
### Sophie ∞ Markwart von Heydeck († 1278)
## [[Friedrich II. (Nürnberg)]] (1188-1255), gen. ''mit dem Löwen'', Burggraf von Nürnberg und Graf von Zollern ∞ Elisabeth (1211-1255), Tochter von Friedrich, Graf von Abenberg
### Friedrich V. († 1289), gen. ''der Erlauchte'', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Udilhild von Dillingen
#### '''Friedrich VI. († 1298)''', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Kunigunde von Baden († 1310)
### Friedrich I. (IX.) (1267-1302/09), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg ∞ Udalhild (1262-1326), Tochter von Diephold, Graf von Aichelberg-Markenberg
#### Friedrich II. (XIII.) († ca. 1319), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg ∞ Agnes von Nellenburg († 1325)
##### Friedrich IV. (XV.) († ca. 1379), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg ∞ Sophie von Schlüsselburg
###### Friedrich Mülli († 1408), Graf von Hohenzollern-Schalksburg
###### Sophie († nach 1427)
## Elisabeth († 1255) ∞ Gebhard III. († 1244), Landgraf von Leuchtenburg

== Von '''Friedrich IV.''' bis '''Albrecht Achilles''' ==
# [[Friedrich IV. (Nürnberg)]] (1287-1332), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Margarethe von Kärnten († 1348)
## Konrad III. (V.), Burggraf († 1334)
## Friedrich
## [[Johann II. (Nürnberg)]] (1309-1357), gen. ''der Erwerber'', Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1377)
### Margarethe (um 1333-1377) ∞ [[Stephan II. (Bayern)]] (1319-1375), gen. ''mit der Hafte'', Herzog von Bayern-Landshut
### Elisabeth
### Anna
### Adelheid
### [[Friedrich V. (Nürnberg)]] (1333-1398) ∞ Elisabeth von Meißen (1329-1375)
#### Agnes
#### Beatrix (1355-1414) ∞ Herzog [[Albrecht III. (Österreich)]] (1349-1395)
#### Elisabeth (1358-1411) ∞ [[Ruprecht I. (HRR)]] (1352-1410), Kurfürst von der Pfalz, römisch-deutscher König
#### Margarethe (1367-1406) ∞ Hermann I., der Gelehrte (1341-1413), Landgraf von Hessen
#### [[Johann III. (Nürnberg)]] (1369-1420), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Margarethe von Luxemburg-Böhmen (1373-1410), Tochter von Kaiser [[Karl IV. (HRR)]] (1316-1378)
##### [[Elisabeth von Nürnberg]] (1391-1429) ∞ [[Eberhard III. (Württemberg, Graf)]] (1364-1417), gen. ''der Milde''
#### [[Friedrich I. (Brandenburg)]] (1371-1440), '''Kurfürst von Brandenburg''' ∞ Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (1383-1442), Tochter von [[Friedrich der Weise (Bayern)]] (1339-1393)
##### Elisabeth (1403-1449) ∞ Ludwig II. († 1436), Herzog von Schlesien-Liegnitz
##### [[Johann (Brandenburg)]] (1406-1464), gen. ''der Alchemist'', Markgraf von Kulmbach-Bayreuth ∞ Barbara von Sachsen-Wittenberg (um 1405-1465), Tochter von [[Rudolf III. (Sachsen-Wittenberg)]] (um 1373-1419)
###### Barbara (1423-1481) ∞ [[Luigi III. Gonzaga]] von Mantua (1414-1478)
###### Rudolf (1424)
###### Elisabeth (1425-1465)
###### [[Dorothea von Brandenburg]] (1430-1495) ∞ König [[Christian I. (Dänemark)]] (1426-1481)
##### Caecilie (1407-1449) ∞ Herzog [[Wilhelm I. (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)]] (1392-1482), gen. ''der Siegreiche'', Sohn von Heinrich I. (Braunschweig-Lüneburg) († 1416)
##### Magdalena (1412-1454) ∞ Herzog Friedrich II. von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1418-1478), gen. ''der Fromme'', Sohn von [[Bernhard I. von Braunschweig]] († 1434)
##### [[Friedrich II. (Brandenburg)]] (1413-1471), gen. ''Eisenzahn'' ∞ Katharina (1421-1476), Tochter von Kurfürst [[Friedrich I. (Sachsen)]] (1370-1428)
###### Dorothea (1446-1519) ∞ Johann V. (1439-1507), Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg-Ratzeburg
##### '''[[Albrecht Achilles]] (1414-1486)''' ∞ 1. [[Margarete von Baden]] (1431-1457), Tochter von [[Jakob I. (Baden)]] (1407-1453); ∞ 2. Anna von Sachsen
##### Dorothea (1420-1491) ∞ Herzog Heinrich II. von Mecklenburg-Werle (1417-1477), gen. ''der Fette''
##### Friedrich (III.) (1424-1463) ∞ Agnes von Pommern-Wolgast (1434-1512)
###### Magdalena (1460-1496) ∞ Eitel Friedrich II. (1452-1512), Graf von Hohenzollern
#### Veronika (* 1375) ∞ Barnim V. (1365-1405), Herzog von Pommern-Barth
#### Anna (1375-1392)
#### Katharina (um 1375-1409)
## Margarethe (1317-1382) ∞ Adolf I. (1307-1370), Graf von Nassau-Wiesbaden
## Berthold (1320-1365), Bischof von Eichstätt
## Helena (1321-1374) ∞ Otto VIII. (1299-1354), Graf von Weimar-Orlamünde
## Katharina († nach 1373) ∞ Eberhard I. (III.) († 1373), Graf von Wertheim
## Anna († nach 1340) ∞ Ulrich I. († 1334), Landgraf von Leuchtenburg
## Albrecht der Schöne († 1361), Burggraf von Nürnberg ∞ Sophie von Henneberg († 1372)
### Margarethe (1359-1391) ∞ Balthasar (1336-1406), Landgraf von Thüringen aus dem Hause Wettin
### Anna (1360-1413) ∞ Swantibor (1351-1413), Herzog von Pommern-Stettin
## Agnes († 1364) ∞ Albrecht II. († um 1373), Graf von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg

== Von '''Albrecht Achilles''' bis '''Joachim Friedrich''' ==
# [[Albrecht Achilles]] (1414–1486)
## Ursula (1450–1508) ∞ Herzog Heinrich I. von Münsterberg
## Elisabeth (1451–1524) ∞ [[Eberhard II. (Württemberg, Herzog)]] (1447–1504)
## Margareta (1453–1509), Äbtissin von Kloster Hof
## [[Johann Cicero]] (1455–1499), Kurfürst von Brandenburg ∞ Margarete, Tochter von Herzog [[Wilhelm III. (Sachsen)]] (1425–1482)
### [[Joachim I. (Brandenburg)]] (1484–1535), gen. ''Nestor'' ∞ Elisabeth († 1555), Tochter von König [[Johann I. (Dänemark)]] (1455–1513)
#### [[Joachim II. (Brandenburg)]] (1505–1571), gen. ''Hektor''
##### [[Johann Georg (Brandenburg)]] (1525–1598) ∞ (I) Sophie von Schlesien-Liegnitz, (1525/26-1548); (II) Sabine von Brandenburg-Ansbach, (1529-1575); (III) Elisabeth von Anhalt, 1563-1607
###### (I) '''[[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)''' ∞ (I) Katharina von Brandenburg-Küstrin, (1549-1602); (II) Eleonore von Preußen, (1583-1607)
###### (II) [[Sophie von Brandenburg]] (1568–1622) ∞ Kurfürst [[Christian I. von Sachsen]] (1560–1591)
###### (III) '''[[Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1581–1655)''' ∞ [[Marie von Preußen]] (1579–1649), Tochter von [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618)
###### (III) [[Magdalena von Brandenburg]] (1582–1616) ∞ [[Ludwig V. (Hessen-Darmstadt)]] (1577–1626)
###### (III) '''[[Joachim Ernst (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1583–1625)''' ∞ [[Sophie von Solms-Laubach]] (1594–1651), Tochter von Graf Johann Georg I. von Solms-Laubach (1547–1600)
###### (III) Friedrich (1588–1611)
###### (III) Elisabeth Sophie (1589-1629) ∞ (I) Janus I., Fürst Radziwill († 1620); (II) Julius Heinrich, Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, (1586-1665)
###### (III) Georg Albrecht (1591–1615)
###### (III) Johann (1597–1627)
###### (III) Johann Georg (1598–1637)
##### Friedrich († 1552), Erzbischof von Magdeburg
##### [[Sigismund von Brandenburg]] († 1566), Erzbischof von Magdeburg
#### [[Elisabeth von Brandenburg]] (1510–1558)
#### [[Johann (Brandenburg-Küstrin)]] (1513–1571) ∞ Katharina von Braunschweig (1518-1574), Tochter von Herzog [[Heinrich II. (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)]] (1489-1568)
##### [[Elisabeth von Brandenburg-Küstrin]] (1540-1578) ∞ [[Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) der Ältere|Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) d. Ä.]] (1539–1603)
##### [[Katharina von Brandenburg-Küstrin]] (1549–1602) ∞ Kurfürst [[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)
### [[Anna von Brandenburg]] (1487-1547) ∞ König [[Friedrich I. (Dänemark und Norwegen)]] (1471-1533)
### Ursula (1488-1510) ∞ [[Heinrich V. (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)]] (1479-1552), Sohn von [[Magnus II. (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)]]
### [[Albrecht (Brandenburg)]] (1490–1545), Kardinal, Erzbischof von Magdeburg und Mainz
## [[Friedrich V. (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1460–1536) ∞ Sophie (1464–1512), Tochter von [[Kasimir IV. (Polen)]] (1427–1492)
### Elisabeth (1480-??)
### [[Kasimir (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1481–1527) ∞ [[Susanna von Bayern]] (1502–1543), Tochter von Herzog [[Albrecht IV. (Bayern)]] (1447–1508)
#### Marie (1519–1567) ∞ Kurfürst [[Friedrich III. (Pfalz)]] (1515–1576)
#### Katharina (1520–1521)
#### [[Albrecht Alcibiades von Brandenburg-Kulmbach]] (1522–1557)
#### Kunigunde (1524–1558) ∞ Markgraf [[Karl II. (Baden)]] (1529–1577)
#### Friedrich (1525)
### Margarete (1483–1532)
### [[Georg (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1484–1543)
#### Anna Maria (1526–1589) ∞ Herzog [[Christoph (Württemberg)]] (1515–1568)
#### Sabine (1529–1575) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Georg (Brandenburg)]] (1525–1598)
#### Sofie (1535–1587) ∞ Herzog [[Heinrich XI. von Liegnitz]] (1539-1588)
#### Barbara (1536–1591)
#### Dorothea Katharina (1538–1604) ∞ Heinrich VI. von Plauen, Burggraf von [[Meißen]]
#### [[Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) der Ältere|Georg Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach) d. Ä.]] (1539–1603)
### Sofie (1485–1537) ∞ Herzog Friedrich II. von Liegnitz
### Anna (1487–1539) ∞ Wenzel III., Herzog von Teschen
### Barbara (1488–1490)
### [[Albrecht von Brandenburg-Preußen]] (1490–1568)
#### [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618) ∞ Maria Eleonore von Jülich-Kleve (1550–1608), Tochter von [[Wilhelm der Reiche]] (1516–1592)
##### Anna (1576–1625) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Sigismund]] (1572–1619)
##### Marie (1579–1649) ∞ Markgraf [[Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1581–1655)
##### Albrecht Friedrich (1580)
##### Sophie (1582–1610) ∞ [[Wilhelm von Kettler]] (1574–1640), Herzog von Kurland
##### Eleonore (1583–1607) ∞ Kurfürst [[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)
##### Wilhelm Friedrich (1585–1586)
##### [[Magdalena Sibylle I.]] (1586–1659) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Georg I. (Sachsen)]] (1585–1656)
### Friedrich (1491–1497)
### Johann (1493–1525) ∞ Germaine de Foix
### Elisabeth (1494–1518) ∞ Markgraf [[Ernst I. (Baden)]] (1482–1553)
### Barbara (1495–1552) ∞ Georg III., Landgraf von Leuchtenberg
### Friedrich (1497–1536), Chorherr in Würzburg und Salzburg
### [[Wilhelm von Brandenburg]] (1498–1563), Erzbischof von Riga
### [[Johann Albrecht (Brandenburg)]] (1499–1550), Erzbischof von Magdeburg
## Amalie (1461–1481) ∞ Kaspar, Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken
## Barbara (1464–1515)
## Sibylle (1467–1524) ∞ Herzog [[Wilhelm III. von Jülich-Berg]] (1454/55-1511)
## [[Siegmund (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1468–1495)
## Dorothea (1471–1520), Äbtissin in Bamberg
## Elisabeth (1474–1507) ∞ Graf Hermann VIII. von Henneberg-Aschach (1470–1535)
## Anastasia (1478–1534) ∞ Graf Wilhelm VII. von Henneberg-Schleusingen (1478–1559)

=== Von '''Joachim Friedrich''' bis '''Friedrich I. in Preußen''' ===
# [[Joachim Friedrich]] (1546–1608)
## [[Johann Sigismund]] (1572–1619) ∞ Anna von Preußen (1576–1625), Tochter von Herzog [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618)
### [[Georg Wilhelm (Brandenburg)]] (1595–1640) ∞ [[Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz]] (1597–1660), Tochter von [[Friedrich IV. (Pfalz)]] (1574–1610)
#### Luise Charlotte (1617–1676) ∞ [[Jakob Kettler]] (1610–1681), Herzog von [[Kurland]]
#### [[Friedrich Wilhelm (Brandenburg)]] (1620–1688), ''der Große Kurfürst'' ∞ (I) [[Luise Henriette von Oranien]] (1627-1667), Tochter von [[Friedrich Heinrich (Oranien)]] (1584-1647); ∞ (II) [[Dorothea von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] (1636-1689), Tochter von [[Philipp (Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg)]] (1584-1663)
##### (I) Wilhelm Heinrich (1648–1649)
##### (I) [[Karl Emil von Brandenburg]] (1655–1674)
##### (I) '''[[Friedrich I. (Preußen)]] (1657–1713),''' König ''in'' Preußen
##### (I) Amalia (1664–1665)
##### (I) Heinrich (1664)
##### (I) Ludwig (1666–1687) ∞ Luise Charlotte Radziwiłł (1667-1695), Tochter von Fürst [[Bogusław Radziwiłł]] (1620-1669)
##### (II) [[Philipp Wilhelm (Brandenburg-Schwedt)]] (1669–1711) ∞ Johanna Charlotte von Anhalt-Dessau (1682–1750), Tochter von [[Johann Georg II. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1627–1693) – ''Brandenburg-Schwedt''
###### Friedrich Wilhelm (1700–1771) ∞ Sophie Dorothee Marie von Preußen (1719–1765), Tochter von [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Preußen)]] (1688–1740)
####### Friederike Dorothea (1736–1798) ∞ Herzog [[Friedrich Eugen (Württemberg)]] (1732–1797)
####### [[Anna Elisabeth Luise von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1738–1820) ∞ [[Ferdinand von Preußen]] (1730–1813)
####### Georg Philipp (1741–1742)
####### [[Philippine von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1745–1800) ∞ Landgraf [[Friedrich II. (Hessen-Kassel)]] (1720–1785)
####### Georg Philipp (1749–1751)
###### Henriette Marie (1702–1782) ∞ Prinz Friedrich Ludwig von Württemberg (1698–1731)
###### [[Heinrich Friedrich (Brandenburg-Schwedt)]] (1709–1788) ∞ [[Leopoldine Marie von Anhalt-Dessau]] (1716–1782), Tochter von [[Leopold I. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1676-1747)
####### Friederike (1745-1808), Äbtissin in Herford
####### [[Luise Prinzessin von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1750-1811) ∞ Herzog [[Leopold III. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1740-1817)
##### (II) Marie (1670-1739) ∞ (I) Karl, Herzog von Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1664-1688); (II) [[Moritz Wilhelm (Sachsen-Zeitz)]] (1664-1718)
##### (II) Albrecht Friedrich (1672–1731) ∞ Marie Dorothea von Kurland (1684-1743), Tochter von [[Friedrich II. Kasimir]] (1650-1698), Herzog von Kurland
###### Friedrich Karl Albrecht (1704-1707)
###### [[Karl von Brandenburg]] (1705–1762)
###### Anna Sophie Charlotte (1706–1775) ∞ [[Wilhelm Heinrich (Sachsen-Eisenach)]] (1691-1741)
###### Luise Wilhelmine (1709-1726)
###### Friedrich (1710–1741)
###### [[Albertine von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1712-1750) ∞ [[Viktor Friedrich (Anhalt-Bernburg)]] (1700-1765), Sohn von [[Karl Friedrich (Anhalt-Bernburg)]]
###### Friedrich Wilhelm (1714–1744)
##### (II) Karl Philipp (1673–1695) ∞ Katharina von Balbiano († 1719)
##### (II) Elisabeth Sophie (1674-1748) ∞ (I) [[Friedrich II. Kasimir]] (1650-1698), Herzog von Kurland; (II) Markgraf [[Christian Ernst (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1644–1712), Generalfeldmarschall; (III) Herzog [[Ernst Ludwig (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1672–1724), Sohn von [[Bernhard I. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1649-1706)
##### (II) Dorothea (1675-1676)
##### (II) Christian Ludwig (1677–1734)
##### (II) Maria Amalia
#### Hedwig Sophie (1623–1683) ∞ Landgraf [[Wilhelm VI. (Hessen-Kassel)]] (1629–1663)
#### Johann Sigismund (1624)
### Anna Sophie (1598-1659) ∞ Herzog [[Friedrich Ulrich (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)]] (1591-1634)
### [[Maria Eleonora von Brandenburg]] (1599–1655) ∞ König [[Gustav II. Adolf von Schweden]] (1594–1632)
### Katharina (1602–1644) ∞ (I) [[Gábor Bethlen]] (um 1580–1629), Fürst von Siebenbürgen; (II) Herzog Franz Karl von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1594-1660)
## [[Anna Katharina von Brandenburg]] (1575–1612) ∞ König [[Christian IV. (Dänemark und Norwegen)]] (1577–1648)
## Johann Georg (1577–1624), Herzog von Jägerndorf ∞ Eva Christine von Württemberg (1590–1657), Tochter von [[Friedrich I. (Württemberg, Herzog)]] (1557–1608)
### Ernst (1617-1642), 1641 Statthalter in der Kurmark
## August (1580–1601)
## Albrecht Friedrich (1582–1600)
## Joachim (1583–1600)
## Ernst (1583–1613)
## Barbara Sophie (1584–1636) ∞ [[Johann Friedrich (Württemberg)]] (1582–1628)
## [[Christian Wilhelm (Brandenburg)]] (1587–1665), Administrator von Magdeburg
### Sophie Elisabeth (1616–1650) ∞ [[Friedrich Wilhelm II. (Sachsen-Altenburg)]] (1603–1669), Sohn von [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Sachsen-Weimar)]] (1562–1602)
## Marie Eleonore (1607-1675) ∞ Ludwig Philipp von Pfalz-Simmern (1602-1655), Sohn von Kurfürst [[Friedrich IV. (Pfalz)]] (1574-1610)

==== Von '''Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)''' an ====
# [[Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1581–1655) ∞ Marie von Preußen (1579–1649), Tochter von [[Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen]] (1553–1618)
## Erdmann August († 1651)
### [[Christian Ernst (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1644–1712), Generalfeldmarschall
#### [[Christiane Eberhardine von Brandenburg-Bayreuth]] (1671–1727) ∞ König [[August II. (Polen)]] (1670–1733)
#### [[Georg Wilhelm (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1678–1726)
## [[Magdalena Sibylle II. von Brandenburg]] (1612–1687) ∞ Kurfürst [[Johann Georg II. (Sachsen)]] (1613–1680)
## [[Georg Albrecht (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1619–1666)
### Erdmann Philipp (1659-1678)
### [[Christian Heinrich (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1661–1708) ∞ Sophie Christine von Wolfstein (1667–1737), Tochter von Graf Albrecht Friedrich von Wolfstein (1644–1693)
#### [[Georg Friedrich Karl (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1688–1735) ∞ Dorothea von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1685–1761), Tochter von Herzog Friedrich Ludwig von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1653–1728)
##### Sophie Christine Luise (1710-1739)
##### [[Friedrich (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1711–1763)
###### [[Elisabeth Friederike Sophie von Brandenburg-Bayreuth]] (1732–1780) ∞ Herzog [[Karl Eugen (Württemberg)]] (1728–1793)
##### Wilhelm Ernst (1712-1733)
##### Sophie Charlotte Albertine (1713–1747) ∞ [[Ernst August I. (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)]] (1688–1748)
##### Wilhelmine Sophie (1714-1749)
#### Albrecht Wolfgang (1689-1734)
#### Dorothea Charlotte (1691-1712)
#### Friedrich Emanuel (1692-1693)
#### Christiane Henriette (1693-1695)
#### Friedrich Wilhelm (1695)
#### Christiane (1698)
#### Christian August (1699-1700)
#### [[Sophie Magdalene (Brandenburg-Kulmbach)]] (1700–1770) ∞ König [[Christian VI. (Dänemark)]] (1699–1746)
#### Christine Wilhelmine (1702-1704)
#### Friedrich Ernst (1703-1762)
#### Marie Eleonore (1704-1705)
#### Sophie Karoline (1707-1764)
#### [[Friedrich Christian (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1708–1769) ∞ Viktoria Charlotte von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1715–1792), Tochter von Prinz Viktor I. Amadeus von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1693–1772)
##### Christiane Sophie Charlotte (1733–1757) ∞ [[Ernst Friedrich III. (Sachsen-Hildburghausen)]] (1727–1780), Sohn von [[Ernst Friedrich II. (Sachsen-Hildburghausen)]] (1707–1745)
###### '''-> ausgestorbene Linie'''
### Karl August (1663-1731)
### Georg Albrecht (1666-1703)

==== Von '''Joachim Ernst (Brandenburg-Ansbach)''' an ====
# [[Joachim Ernst (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1583–1625) ∞ [[Sophie von Solms-Laubach]] (1594–1651), Tochter von Graf Johann Georg I. von Solms-Laubach (1547–1600)
## Sophie (1614-1646)
## [[Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1616-1634), gefallen
## Albrecht (1617)
## [[Albrecht (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1620–1667)
### Sophie Elisabeth (1643-1643)
### Albertine Luise (1646-1670)
### Sophie Amalie (1649-1649)
### Luise Sophie (1652-1668)
### [[Johann Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1654–1686)
#### Leopold Friedrich (1674-1676)
#### [[Christian Albrecht (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1675–1692)
#### Dorothea Friederike (1676–1731)
#### [[Georg Friedrich der Jüngere (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1678-1703)
#### Charlotte Sophie (1679-1680)
#### [[Caroline von Ansbach]] (1683–1737) ∞ König [[Georg II. (Großbritannien)]] (1683–1760)
#### Friedrich August (1685)
#### [[Wilhelm Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1686–1723)
##### [[Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1712–1757) ∞ [[Friederike Luise von Ansbach]] (1714–1784), Tochter von König [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Preußen)]] (1688–1740)
###### Karl (1733–1737)
###### [[Karl Alexander (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1736–1806)
####### '''-> ausgestorbene Linie'''
##### Eleonore (1713-1714)
##### Friedrich Karl (1715-1716)
##### Joseph Friedrich (1723–1769)
###### Karl Friedrich (1754–1785)
### Albrecht Ernst (1659-1674)
### [[Dorothea Charlotte von Brandenburg-Ansbach]] (1661–1705) ∞ [[Ernst Ludwig (Hessen-Darmstadt)]] (1667–1739)
### Eleonore Juliane (1663-1724) ∞ [[Friedrich Carl (Württemberg)]] (1652-1698)
## Christian (1623-1633)

=== Von '''Friedrich I. in Preußen''' bis '''Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)''' ===
# [[Friedrich I. (Preußen)]] (1657–1713), König ''in'' Preußen
## [[Louise von Brandenburg]] (1680–1705) ∞ König [[Friedrich I. (Schweden)]] 1676–1751
## Friedrich August (1685–1686)
## [[Friedrich Wilhelm I. (Preußen)]] (1688–1740) ∞ [[Sophie Dorothea von Hannover]] (1687–1757), Tochter von König [[Georg I. (Großbritannien)]] (1660–1727)
### Friedrich Ludwig (1707–1708)
### [[Wilhelmine von Bayreuth]] (1709–1758) ∞ Markgraf [[Friedrich (Brandenburg-Bayreuth)]] (1711–1763)
### Friedrich Wilhelm (1710–1711)
### [[Friedrich II. (Preußen)]] (1712–1786) ∞ [[Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern]] (1715–1797), Tochter von Herzog [[Ferdinand Albrecht II. (Braunschweig)]] (1680–1735)
### [[Friederike Luise von Ansbach]] (1714–1784) ∞ [[Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (Brandenburg-Ansbach)]] (1712–1757), Sohn von Wilhelm Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach
### [[Philippine Charlotte von Preußen]] (1716–1801) ∞ Herzog [[Karl I. (Braunschweig)]] (1713–1780)
### Sophie Dorothee Marie (1719–1765) ∞ Friedrich Wilhelm von Schwedt (1700–1771), Sohn von [[Philipp Wilhelm (Brandenburg-Schwedt)]] (1669–1711)
### [[Luise Ulrike von Schweden]] (1720–1782) ∞ König [[Adolf Friedrich (Schweden)]] (1710–1771)
### [[August Wilhelm Prinz von Preußen]] (1722–1758) ∞ [[Luise Amalie von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel]] (1722–1780), Tochter von [[Ferdinand Albrecht II. (Braunschweig)]] (1680–1735)
#### [[Friedrich Wilhelm II. (Preußen)]] (1744–1797)
##### [[Friederike Charlotte von Preußen]] (1767–1820) ∞ [[Friedrich August, Herzog von York und Albany]] (1763–1827)
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm III. (Preußen)]] (1770–1840) ∞ [[Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1776–1810), Tochter von Großherzog [[Karl II. (Mecklenburg-Strelitz)]] (1741–1816)
###### Geburt einer toten Tochter (1794)
###### [[Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (Preußen)]] (1795–1861) ∞ [[Elisabeth Ludovika von Bayern]] (1801–1873), Tochter von [[Maximilian I. (Bayern, König)]] (1756–1825)
###### [[Wilhelm I. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1797–1888) ∞ [[Augusta von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1811–1890), Tochter von Großherzog [[Carl Friedrich (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)]] (1783–1853)
####### [[Friedrich III. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1831–1888) ∞ [[Kaiserin Victoria]] (1840–1901), Tochter von [[Albert von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha]] (1819–1861)
######## '''[[Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1859–1941)''' ∞ [[Auguste Viktoria]] (1858–1921), Tochter von Herzog [[Friedrich VIII. (Schleswig-Holstein)]] (1829-1880)
######## Charlotte (1860–1919) ∞ Herzog [[Bernhard III. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1851–1928), Sohn von Herzog [[Georg II. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1826–1914)
######## [[Albert Wilhelm Heinrich von Preußen]] (1862–1929) ∞ [[Irene Luise Maria Anna von Hessen]] (1866–1953), Tochter von Großherzog [[Ludwig IV. (Hessen-Darmstadt)]] (1837–1892)
######### Waldemar (1889–1945)
######### Sigismund (1896–1978)
######### Heinrich Viktor Ludwig Friedrich (1900–1904)
######## Sigismund (1864–1866)
######## [[Viktoria von Schaumburg-Lippe]] (1866–1929) ∞ Prinz [[Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe]] (1859–1916), Sohn von [[Adolf I. (Schaumburg-Lippe)]] (1817–1893)
######## Waldemar (1868–1879)
######## [[Sophie von Preußen]] (1870–1932) ∞ König [[Konstantin I. (Griechenland)]] (1868–1923)
######## Margarethe (1872–1954) ∞ König [[Väinö I. (Finnland)]] (1868–1940), geb. ''Friedrich Karl''
####### [[Luise Marie Elisabeth von Preußen]] (1838–1923) ∞ Großherzog [[Friedrich I. (Baden)]] (1826–1907)
###### [[Charlotte von Preußen]] (1798–1860) ∞ Zar [[Nikolaus I. (Russland)]] (1796–1855)
###### Friederike (1799–1800)
###### [[Carl von Preußen]] (1801–1883) ∞ [[Marie Luise von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1808-1877), Tochter von [[Carl Friedrich (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)]] (1783-1853)
####### [[Friedrich Karl von Preußen]] (1828–1885) ∞ [[Maria Anna von Anhalt-Dessau]] (1837–1906), Tochter von [[Leopold IV. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1794–1871)
######## Marie (1855–1888) ∞ [[Heinrich von Oranien-Nassau]] (1820–1879)
######## [[Elisabeth Anna (Preußen)]] (1857–1895) ∞ Erbgroßherzog [[Friedrich August (Oldenburg)]] (1852–1931)
######## [[Luise Margareta von Preußen]] (1860–1917) ∞ [[Arthur Wilhelm, Herzog von Connaught]] (1850–1942)
######## Friedrich Leopold (1865–1931) ∞ Sophie von Schleswig-Holstein (1866–1952)
######### Viktoria Margarete (1890–1923)
######### Friedrich Sigismund (1891–1927)
######### Friedrich Karl (1893–1917)
######### Friedrich Leopold (1895–1959)
####### Luise (1829–1901) ∞ Alexis von Hessen-Philippsthal (1829–1905), Sohn von Karl von Hessen-Philippsthal
####### [[Maria Anna von Preußen]] (1836–1918) ∞ Prinz [[Friedrich (Hessen-Kassel)]] (1820–1884), Sohn von Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel († 1864)
###### Alexandrine (1803–1892) ∞ Großherzog [[Paul Friedrich (Mecklenburg)]] (1800–1842)
###### Ferdinand (1804–1806)
###### [[Luise von Preußen (1808–1879)]] ∞ Prinz [[Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Oranien-Nassau]] (1797–1881)
###### [[Albrecht von Preußen (1809–1872)]] ∞ [[Marianne von Oranien-Nassau]] (1810–1883), Tochter von König [[Wilhelm I. (Niederlande)]] (1772–1843)
####### Friederike Luise Wilhelmine Marianne ''Charlotte'' (1831–1855) ∞ Herzog [[Georg II. (Sachsen-Meiningen)]] (1826–1914)
####### [[Albrecht von Preußen (1837–1906)]] (1837–1906) ∞ [[Marie von Sachsen-Altenburg (Preußen)]] (1854–1898), Tochter von [[Ernst I. (Sachsen-Altenburg)]] (1826–1908)
######## Friedrich Heinrich (1874–1940)
######## Joachim Albrecht (1876–1939)
######## Friedrich Wilhelm (1880–1925)
####### Friederike Luise Wilhelmine ''Elisabeth'' (1840–1840)
####### Friederike Wilhelmine Luise Elisabeth ''Alexandrine'' (1842–1906) ∞ Wilhelm, Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1827–1879)
##### [[Friedrich Ludwig Karl Prinz von Preußen]] (1773–1796), genannt ''Louis'' ∞ [[Friederike von Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1778–1841), Tochter von Großherzog [[Karl II. (Mecklenburg-Strelitz)]] (1741–1816)
###### [[Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Preußen]] (1794–1863) ∞ Wilhelmine Louise von Anhalt-Bernburg (1799–1882), Tochter von [[Alexius Friedrich Christian (Anhalt-Bernburg)]] (1767-1834)
####### Alexander (1820–1896)
####### Georg (1826–1902)
###### ''Friedrich'' Wilhelm Karl Georg (1795–1798)
###### ''Friederike'' Wilhelmina Luise Amelia (1796–1850) ∞ [[Leopold IV. (Anhalt-Dessau)]] (1794–1871)
##### [[Wilhelmine von Preußen]] (1774–1837) ∞ König [[Wilhelm I. (Niederlande)]] (1772–1843)
##### Auguste (1780–1841) ∞ [[Wilhelm II. (Kurfürst)|Wilhelm II.]] (1777–1847), Kurfürst von Hessen-Kassel
##### [[Karl Heinrich von Preußen]] (1781–1846), Großmeister der preußischen Johanniter
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Preußen]] (1783–1851) ∞ [[Maria Anna Amalie von Hessen-Homburg]] (1785–1846), Tochter von Landgraf [[Friedrich V. (Hessen-Homburg)]] (1748–1820)
###### [[Adalbert von Preußen]] (1811–1873) ∞ Therese Elßler (Frau von Barnim) (1808–1878)
###### [[Elisabeth von Preußen]] (1815–1885) ∞ [[Karl Wilhelm Ludwig von Hessen]] (1809–1877)
###### [[Waldemar von Preußen]] (1817–1849)
###### [[Marie Friederike Franziska Hedwig von Preußen]] (1825–1889) ∞ [[Maximilian II. (Bayern)]] (1811–1864)
#### [[Friedrich Heinrich Karl Prinz von Preußen]] (1747–1767)
#### Friederike Sophie ''Wilhelmine'' (1751–1820) ∞ [[Wilhelm V. von Oranien]] (1748–1806), Statthalter der Niederlande
#### Georg Karl Emil (1758–1759)
### [[Anna Amalie, Prinzessin von Preußen]] (1723–1787)
### [[Heinrich Prinz von Preußen]] (1726–1802) ∞ [[Wilhelmine von Hessen-Kassel]] (1726–1808), Tochter von Landgraf Maximilian von Hessen-Kassel
### [[Ferdinand von Preußen]] (1730–1813) ∞ [[Anna Elisabeth Luise von Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (1738–1820), Tochter von Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt (1700–1771)
#### Friederike Elisabeth Dorothea Henriette Amalie (1761–1773)
#### Friedrich Heinrich Emil Carl (1769–1773)
#### [[Luise Friederike von Preußen]] (1770–1836) ∞ Fürst [[Anton Radziwill]] (1775–1833)
#### Heinrich Friedrich Carl Ludwig (1771–1790)
#### [[Louis Ferdinand Prinz von Preußen]] (1772–1806)
#### Friedrich Paul Heinrich August (1776)
#### [[August von Preußen]] (1779–1843)

=== Von '''Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)''' an ===
# [[Wilhelm II. (Deutsches Reich)]] (1859–1941) ∞ [[Auguste Viktoria]] (1858–1921), Tochter von Herzog [[Friedrich VIII. (Schleswig-Holstein)]] (1829-1880)
## [[Wilhelm von Preußen (1882–1951)]] ∞ [[Cecilie von Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1886–1954), Tochter von Großherzog [[Friedrich Franz III. (Mecklenburg)]] (1851–1897)
### [[Wilhelm von Preußen (1906–1940)]], gefallen ∞ Dorothea von Salviati (1907–1972)
#### Felicitas (* 1934)
#### Christa (* 1936) ∞ Peter Liebes (1926–1967)
### [[Louis Ferdinand von Preußen]] (1907–1994) ∞ Kira Kirilovna (1909–1967), Tochter von Großfürst Kyrill Wladimirowitsch von Russland (1876–1938)
#### Friedrich Wilhelm (* 1939)
#### Michael (* 1940)
#### Marie-Cécile (* 1942)
#### [[Kira von Preußen]] (1943–2004)
#### [[Louis Ferdinand Oskar von Preußen]] (1944–1977) ∞ Donata von Castell-Rüdenhausen (* 1950)
##### [[Georg Friedrich von Preußen]] (* 1976)
##### Cornelie-Cécilie (* 1978)
#### Christian-Sigismund (* 1946)
#### Xenia (1949–1992)
### [[Hubertus von Preußen]] (1909–1950)
### [[Friedrich von Preußen]] (1911–1966) ∞ Lady Brigid Guinness (1920–1995)
#### Friedrich Nikolas (* 1946) ∞ Victoria Lucinda Mancroft (* 1952)
#### Andreas (* 1947) ∞ Alexandra Blahova (* 1947)
#### Victoria (* 1952) ∞ Philippe Alphonse Achache (* 1948)
#### Antonia (* 1955) ∞ Charles Wellesley, Marquess of Douro (* 1945)
#### Rupert (* 1955) ∞ Ziba Rastegar (* 1954)
##### Brigid (* 1983)
##### Astrid (* 1985)
### Alexandrine Irene von Preußen (1915–1980)
### Cecilie (1917–1975) ∞ Clyde Kenneth Harris (1918–1958)
## [[Eitel Friedrich von Preußen]] (1883–1942), 34. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens ∞ [[Sophie Charlotte von Oldenburg]] (1879–1964), Tochter von Großherzog [[Friedrich August (Oldenburg)]] (1852–1931)
## [[Adalbert Ferdinand Berengar von Preußen]] (1884–1948) ∞ Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen (1891–1971), Tochter von Friedrich von Sachsen-Meiningen (1861–1914)
### Viktoria Marina (1915)
### Viktoria Marina (1917–1981)
### Wilhelm Viktor (1919–1989)
## [[August Wilhelm von Preußen]] (1887–1949) ∞ Alexandra Viktoria von Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg (1887–1957), Tochter von Friedrich Ferdinand von Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg (1855–1934)
### Alexander Ferdinand (1912–1985)
## [[Oskar Prinz von Preußen (* 1888)]] (1888–1958), 35. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens ∞ Ina von Bassewitz (Ruppin) (1888–1973)
### Oskar (1915–1939), gefallen
### Burchard (1917–1988)
### Herzeleide (1918–1989)
### [[Wilhelm Karl von Preußen]] (* 1922), 36. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens ∞ Armgard von Veltheim (* 1926)
#### Donata-Viktoria (* 1952)
#### Wilhelm Karl jun. (* 1955)
#### [[Oskar Prinz von Preußen (* 1959)]], 37. Herrenmeister des Johanniterordens
## [[Joachim von Preußen]] (1890–1920) ∞ Maria von Anhalt (1898–1983), Tochter von [[Eduard (Herzog von Anhalt)]] (1861-1918)
### [[Karl Franz Joseph von Preußen]] (1916–1975)
#### Franz Wilhelm (* 1943)
#### Friedrich Christian Ludwig (1943)
#### Franz Friedrich (* 1944)
#### Alexandra (* 1960)
#### Désirée (* 1961)
## [[Viktoria Luise von Preußen]] (1892–1980) ∞ Herzog [[Ernst August (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)]] (1887–1953)

== Von '''Friedrich VI. von Hohenzollern''' bis '''Karl I. von Hohenzollern''' ==

# Friedrich VI. († 1298), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Kunigunde von Baden († 1310)
## Friedrich VIII. († 1333), gen. ''Ostertag'', Graf von Hohenzollern
### Friedrich XIX. († 1365), gen. ''der Straßburger'', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Margarethe von Hohenberg
#### Friedrich XX. († 1401), gen. ''der Ältere'', Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Adelheid von Fürstenberg († 1413)
##### Friedrich XXIX. († 1443), gen. ''der Öttinger'', Graf von Hohenzollern
##### Eitel Friedrich I. († 1439), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Ursula von Razuns († 1477)
###### Jobst Nikolaus I. († 1488), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Agnes von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (1434-1467)
####### Eitel Friedrich II. (1452-1512), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Magdalena (1460-1496), Tochter von Friedrich (III.) von Brandenburg (1424-1463)
######## Maria (1488-1548) ∞ Ludwig XV. (1486-1557), Graf von Öttingen-Öttingen
######## Eitel Friedrich III. (1494-1525), Graf von Hohenzollern ∞ Johanna von Witthem (1495-1536)
######### '''[[Karl I. von Hohenzollern]] (1516-1576)'''
######## Franz Wolfgang (1484-1517), Graf von Hohenberg ∞ Rosine von Baden (1487-1554)
######### Christoph Friedrich († 1535), Graf von Hohenberg
######### Franz Joachim († 1538), Graf von Hohenberg
########## Jobst Nikolaus II. († 1558), Graf von Hohenberg
######### Elisabeth (1514-1573) ∞ Johann Christoph I. de la Scala von Verona (1509-1544)
### Friedrich XVII., der Ältere Schwarzgraf († 1379)
#### Friedrich XXVI., der jüngere Schwarzgraf († 1412)

== Von '''Karl I. von Hohenzollern''' bis '''Karl Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen''' ==
# [[Karl I. von Hohenzollern]] (1516–1576) ∞ Anna von Baden-Durlach (1512–1579), Tochter von [[Ernst I. (Baden)]] (1482–1553) – '''Teilung 1575'''
## Ferfried (1538–1556)
## Ernst (1539–1539)
## Jacob (1543)
## Marie (1544–1611)
## [[Eitel Friedrich IV. (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1545–1605) – ''[[Hohenzollern-Hechingen]]''
### [[Johann Georg (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
#### [[Eitel Friedrich V. (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
#### [[Philipp Christoph Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
###### [[Friedrich Ludwig (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]]
##### Hermann Friedrich
###### [[Josef Friedrich Wilhelm (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1717–1798)
###### Franz Xaver († 1765)
####### [[Hermann (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1748–1810)
######## Friedrich Hermann
######### Friedrich Wilhelm († 1869)
####### Franz († 1844)
######## [[Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1790–1847) ∞ Karoline von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1810–1885), Tochter von [[Karl (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1785–1853)
######### [[Konstantin (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1801–1869) ∞ [[Eugènie de Beauharnais II.]] (1808–1847), Tochter von [[Eugène Beauharnais]] (1781–1824)
#### [[Katharina Ursula von Hohenzollern–Hechingen]] (1610–1640) ∞ Markgraf [[Wilhelm I. (Baden)]] (1593–1677)
### Johanna (1581–1634) ∞ [[Johann (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1578–1638)
## [[Karl II. (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1547–1606) – ''[[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]]''
### Ferdinand (1571)
### [[Johann (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1578–1638) ∞ Johanna von Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1581–1634), Tochter von [[Eitel Friedrich IV. (Hohenzollern-Hechingen)]] (1545–1605)
#### [[Meinrad I. (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1605–1681) ∞ Anna Maria von Töring (1613–1682)
##### [[Maximilian (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1636–1689) ∞ Marie Klara von Berg (1635–1715)
###### [[Meinrad II. (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1673–1715) ∞ Johanna von Montfort (1678–1759)
####### [[Joseph Franz Ernst (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1702–1769)
######## [[Karl Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1724–1785) ∞ Johanna von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1727–1787), Tochter von Franz Wilhelm von Bergh (1704–1737)
######### [[Anton (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1762–1831) ∞ Amalie von Salm-Kyrburg (1760–1841)
########## [[Karl (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1785–1853)
########### Karoline (1810–1885)
########### '''[[Karl Anton (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1811–1885),''' preuß. Ministerpräsident ∞ [[Josephine von Baden]] (1813–1900), Tochter von Großherzog [[Carl (Baden)]] (1786–1818)
########### Amalie Antoinette (1815–1841) ∞ [[Eduard von Sachsen-Altenburg]] (1804–1852), Sohn von [[Friedrich (Sachsen-Altenburg)]] (1763–1834)
########### Friederike (1820–1906)
####### Franz Wilhelm von Bergh (1704–1737) ∞ Marie Katharina von Waldburg-Zeil (1702–1739)
######## Johanna (1727–1787) ∞ [[Karl Friedrich (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1724–1785), Sohn von [[Joseph Franz Ernst (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1702–1769)
######## Johann Baptist († 1781)
##### Franz Anton von Haigerloch († 1702)
## Johanna (1548–1604) ∞ Graf Wilhelm von Oettingen († 1602)
## Marie Jakobe (1549–1578) ∞ Graf Leonhard von Harrach († 1597)
## Eleonore (1551–1598)
## Christoph (1552–1592) ∞ Baronin Katharina von Welsperg († 1608) – ''[[Haigerloch]]''
### Johann Christoph
### Karl
## Magdalene (1553–1571)
## Joachim (1554–1587) ∞ Gräfin Anna von Hohenstein (1568–1607)
## Christine (1555-??)
## Amalie (1557–1603)
## Kunigunde (1558–1595)

=== Von '''Karl Anton von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen''' an ===
# [[Karl Anton (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)]] (1811–1885), preuß. Ministerpräsident ∞ [[Josephine von Baden]] (1813–1900), Tochter von Großherzog [[Carl (Baden)]] (1786–1818)
## [[Leopold von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1835–1905) ∞ [[Antonia Maria von Portugal]] (1845–1913), Tochter von Königin [[Maria II. (Portugal)]] (1819–1853)
### [[Wilhelm von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1864–1927)
#### [[Auguste Viktoria von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1890–1966) ∞ König [[Emanuel II. (Portugal)]] (1889–1932)
#### [[Friedrich Fürst von Hohenzollern]] (1891–1965) ∞ [[Margarete Prinzessin von Sachsen]] (1900–1962), Tochter von König [[Friedrich August III. (Sachsen)]] (1865–1932)
##### Maria Antonia (* 1921)
##### Maria Adelgunde (* 1921)
##### [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenzollern]] (* 1924) ∞ [[Margarita Prinzessin zu Leiningen]] (* 1932), Tochter von Fürst Friedrich Karl Eduard Erwin VI. zu Leiningen (1898-1946)
###### Karl Friedrich (* 1952)
###### Albrecht Johannes (* 1954)
###### Ferdinand Maria Fidelis Leopold Meinrad Valentin (* 1960)
##### Franz Joseph (* 1926)
##### Johann Georg (* 1932) ∞ Brigitta von Schweden (* 1937), Tochter von [[Gustav Adolf Erbprinz von Schweden]] (1906-1947)
###### Karl Christian (* 1962)
###### Désirée Margaretha Victoria Sibylla Katharina Maria (* 1963)
###### Hubertus Gustaf Adolf (* 1966)
##### Maria Theresa (* 1932)
##### [[Ferfried Prinz von Hohenzollern]] (* 1943)
#### Franz Joseph (1891–1964) ∞ Alix von Sachsen (1901–1990), Tochter von König [[Friedrich August III. (Sachsen)]] (1865–1932)
##### Karl Anton (1922-1993)
##### Meinrad Leopold (* 1925)
##### Emanuel Joseph (* 1929)
##### Maria Margarethe (* 1938)
### [[Ferdinand I. (Rumänien)]] (1865–1927) ∞ [[Marie von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha]] (1875–1938), Tochter von [[Alfred (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha)]] (1844–1900)
#### [[Carol II.]] (1893–1953) ∞ [[Elena (Griechenland)]] (1896–1982), Tochter von [[Konstantin I. (Griechenland)]] (1868–1923)
##### [[Michael I. (Rumänien)]] (1921-2006) ∞ [[Anna von Bourbon-Parma]] (* 1923), Tochter von Prinz Renato von Bourbon-Parma
###### Margarita (* 1949)
###### Helen (* 1950)
###### Irina (* 1953)
###### Sophie (* 1957)
###### Maria (* 1964)
#### [[Elisabeth von Rumänien]] (1894–1956) ∞ König [[Georg II. (Griechenland)]] (1890–1947)
#### [[Maria von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1900–1961) ∞ König [[Alexander I. (Jugoslawien)]] (1888–1934)
#### Nikolaus (1903–1978)
#### Ileana (1909–1991)
#### Mircea (1913–1916)
### Karl Anton (1868–1919) ∞ [[Josephine Caroline von Belgien]] (1872–1958), Tochter von [[Philippe von Belgien]] (1837–1905)
#### Stephanie (1895–1975) ∞ Joseph Ernst Fugger von Glott (1895–1981)
#### Marie Antoinette (1896–1965) ∞ Egon Eyrl von und zu Waldgries und Liebenaich (1892–1981)
#### Albrecht (1898–1977)
## [[Stephanie von Hohenzollern]] (1837–1859) ∞ König [[Peter V. (Portugal)]] (1837–1861)
## [[Carol I.]] (1839–1914), '''König von Rumänien''' ∞ [[Carmen Sylva]] (1843–1916), geb. Prinzessin Elisabeth zu Wied, Tochter von Hermann von Wied (1814–1864)
### Maria (1870–1874)
## Anton (1841–1866), gefallen
## [[Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1843–1904) ∞ Luisa von Thurn und Taxis (1859–1948), Tochter von [[Maximilian Anton von Thurn und Taxis]] (1831–1867)
## [[Maria Luise von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (1845–1912) ∞ [[Philippe von Belgien]] (1837–1905)

[[Kategorie:Hohenzollern|!]]
[[Kategorie:Prinz (Preußen)|Hohenzollern, Stammtafel der]]
[[Kategorie:Stammliste|Hohenzollern, Stammliste der]]

Königswinter

2006-04-25T00:33:18Z

64.12.117.9: /* Bildung */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width:307px; background:#e3e3e3; margin-left:1em; border-spacing:1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"
| width="145"|[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|140px|right|Wappen von Königswinter]]
| width="145"|[[Bild:Lage der Stadt Königswinter in Deutschland.png|140px|Karte von Deutschland, Königswinter hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]:||[[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]:||[[Regierungsbezirk Köln|Köln]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis|Kreis]]:||[[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: ||76,19 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: ||43.678 ''(Dezember 2005)''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: ||573 Einwohner/km²
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 74 - 461 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: ||53639
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahlen]]: ||02223 und 02244
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: ||{{Koordinate Text Artikel|50_41_N_7_11_E_type:city(43530)_region:DE-NW|50° 41′ n. Br., 7° 11′ ö. L.}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: ||<tt>SU</tt>
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Gliederung des Stadtgebiets:||ca. 50 Stadtteile
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Amtlicher Gemeindeschlüssel|Gemeindekennzahl]]:||05 3 82 024
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Adresse der Stadtverwaltung:||Drachenfelsstraße 9-11 53639 Königswinter
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Website: || [http://www.koenigswinter.de Stadt Königswinter]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: ||[mailto:stadtverwaltung@koenigswinter.de Stadtverwaltung]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Bürgermeister: ||Peter Wirtz ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
|}

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_vom_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Drachenfels aus, [[Post Tower]] und [[Langer Eugen]] im Hintergrund]][[Bild:Sankt_Remigius_Koenigswinter_1850.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Litographie von St. Remigius (August Karstein, 1850)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Sankt Remigius.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eingangsseite von St. Remigius (2005)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Rhein aus, [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Weinlokal_Bellinghausen_Koenigswinter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|„Weinrestaurant Bellinghausen“ vom Rhein aus (1899), [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Rathaus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Altes Rathaus Königswinter mit dem bis 1969 gültigen Wappen]]

'''Königswinter''' ist eine Stadt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] mit über 40.000 Einwohnern, auf der östlichen Rheinseite gegenüber der Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] gelegen. Überregional bekannt geworden ist sie durch das Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]], das aufgrund der Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn gelegentlich als Schauplatz für bedeutende internationale Kongresse und Konferenzen dient.

== Geografie ==
=== Geografische Lage ===

Die Stadt liegt am [[Rhein]] zwischen [[Bad Honnef]] und Bonn-[[Beuel]] am Fuße des [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberges]] und bietet außerdem Zugang zu Deutschlands meistbestiegenem Berg, dem [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]]. Dieser hat mit der Burgruine aus dem [[12. Jahrhundert]], unterstützt durch die seit [[1883]] betriebene Zahnradbahn ([[Drachenfelsbahn]]) zu seinen Höhen hinauf, Königswinters Namen als Fremdenverkehrsort entscheidend mitgeprägt. Beide Berge gehören zum Naturpark [[Siebengebirge]]. Der [[Rheinsteig]], der neue rechtsrheinische Wanderweg führt von Bonn über den Drachenfels nach Wiesbaden.
Die Hänge der Berge in Königswinter und [[Oberdollendorf]] werden seit jeher zum [[Weinanbau]] genutzt. Der Ortskern von Königwinter befindet sich auf 50,683° [[Breitengrad|nördlicher Breite]] und 7,183° [[Längengrad|östlicher Länge]] in einer [[Höhe]] von 74 Metern über dem [[Normalnull|mittleren Meeresspiegel]]. Der höchste Punkt im Stadtgebiet Königswinter liegt bei 461 Metern über NN auf dem Großen [[Oelberg]]. Dieser Punkt ist gleichzeitig der höchste Punkt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]].



=== Stadtgliederung ===

Das Stadtgebiet Königswinters streckt sich auf eine Fläche von 76,19 Quadratkilometern aus und besitzt damit die viertgrößte Ausdehnung im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Es gliedert sich in einen Berg- und Talbereich mit 52 Ortsteilen:

Altstadt, Bennerscheid, Berghausen, [[Bockeroth]], Boseroth, Dahlhausen, [[Düferoth]], Döttscheid, Eisbach, Eudenbach, Faulenbitze, Gratzfeld, Gräfenhohn, Hartenberg, [[Heisterbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], Hühnerberg, Hüscheid, [[Ittenbach]], Kochenbach, Komp, Kotthausen, Lahr, Margarethenhöhe, Niederbuchholz, [[Niederdollendorf]], Niederscheuren, Nonnenberg, [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]], Oberscheuren, Oelinghoven, Perlenhardt, Pleiserhohn, Pützstück, Quirrenbach, Rauschendorf, Ruttscheid, Rübhausen, Römlinghoven, Sand, Sandscheid, Sassenberg, Siefen, [[Stieldorf]], Stieldorferhohn, [[Thomasberg (Siebengebirge)|Thomasberg]], [[Uthweiler]], Vinxel, Wahlfeld, Weiler, Willmeroth. 
14 Ortsteile in der Bergregion werden auch mit der inoffiziellen Bezeichnung [[Oberhau]] zusammengefasst.

=== Nachbarstädte und -gemeinden ===

Folgende Städte und Gemeinden grenzen an die Stadt Königswinter. Sie werden im Uhrzeigersinn, im Norden beginnend, genannt:

[[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Beuel|Stadtbezirk Beuel]]), [[Sankt Augustin|Stadt Sankt Augustin]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Hennef (Sieg)|Stadt Hennef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Buchholz|Gemeinde Buchholz]] ([[Asbach (Westerwald)|Verbandsgemeinde Asbach]], [[Landkreis Neuwied]]), [[Bad Honnef|Stadt Bad Honnef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Bad Godesberg|Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg]]).

=== Klima ===

Das Königswinterer Klima ist im Bundesvergleich mild. Die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur (Mittel 1971-2000) liegt bei 10,9 Grad Celsius, wobei es bedeutende Schwankungen zwischen der Tal- und Berglage gibt. Nach Prognosen des Potsdamer Institut für Klimafolgenforschung wird die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur, errechnet aus den Jahren 2001-2030, 11,9 Grad Celsius betragen, zudem werde die Vegetationsperiode länger.

== Geschichte ==

=== Allgemein ===

Königswinter wurde im Jahr [[1015]] erstmalig als ''Winetre'' erwähnt. [[Heinrich II. (HRR)|Kaiser Heinrich II.]] schenkte dem Bonner Frauenstift Dietkirchen ein Gut, das ihm Graf Wilhelm und dessen Bruder Boppo in dem im [[Auelgau]] gelegenen Ort Winetre überlassen hatten. Es gibt jedoch Funde (so z. B. in Form eines Grabsteines bei [[Oberdollendorf]]), die auf das Jahr [[680]] n. Chr. zurückdatiert werden. Somit gab es zu dieser Zeit vermutlich schon Bewohner in der Region. Die Stadt hat als bekannter [[Fremdenverkehr]]sort eine langjährige Tradition.
Im Mittelalter gehörte Königswinter zum kurkölnischen Amt Wolkenburg, welches die beiden Burgen Drachenfels und Wolkenburg sowie die Orte Königswinter und Ittenbach umfasste. Obwohl Königswinter eine Stadtmauer und damit eines der für eine Stadt typischen Merkmale hatte, besaß der Ort kein Stadtrecht, so dass er als sogenannter [[Flecken (Ort)|Flecken]] anzusehen war. [[1689]] brannten fast alle Gebäude ab, weil französische Soldaten Königswinter plündern wollten.

Nach der [[Säkularisierung]] des Erzstiftes 1803 fiel Königswinter an das [[Herzogtum Nassau|Fürstentum Nassau-Usingen]], 1806 an das [[Herzogtum Berg|Großherzogtum Berg]] und schließlich 1815 an das Königreich [[Preußen]].

Königswinter erhielt 1889 die [[Stadtrechte]].
Bei der kommunalen Neuordnung im Jahre 1969 entstand die neue Stadt Königswinter aus der Stadt Königswinter, der Gemeinde Ittenbach aus dem ehemaligen Amt Königswinter, den Gemeinden Oberpleis und Stieldorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberpleis, und den Gemeinden Heisterbacherrott, Niederdollendorf und Oberdollendorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberkassel.
Die Tagungen auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn| Petersberg]] ([[Afghanistan-Konferenz]]) haben den Namen der Stadt in alle Welt getragen.
Der Name ''Königswinter'' entstand, nachdem [[Karl der Große]] am Drachenfels eine Weindomäne erwarb, und Königswinter somit ein königlicher Winzerort (lat: ''Vinitiorium'') wurde.
Der Drachenfels erlangte vor allem durch [[Richard Wagner| Richard Wagners]] Version der [[Nibelungensage]] internationale Berühmtheit. Hier erschlug [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfried]] den legendären Drachen und badete anschließend in dessen Blut, um sich unverwundbar zu machen. Jedoch verdeckte ein Lindenblatt eine Stelle zwischen seinen Schulterblättern, was ihm später zum Verhängnis wurde. Somit besiegelte sich [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfrieds]] Schicksal in Königswinter am Rhein.

=== Petersberg ===

''Hauptartikel: [[Petersberg bei Bonn]]''

Das Gästehaus auf dem Petersberg war nach der Ansiedlung der Bundesregierung in Bonn zur Residenz der Staatsgäste geworden. Dort wurde 1949 auch das [[Petersberger Abkommen]] unterzeichnet, das Königswinter einen Platz in den Geschichtsbüchern sicherte. Nach einer zwischenzeitlichen Schließung erwarb der Bund 1979 das Gebäude und ließ es von 1985 bis 1990 aufwändig umbauen. Dort werden gelegentlich bedeutende internationale Konferenzen, wie 2001 und 2002 die [[Afghanistan-Konferenz]] ausgerichtet. Bei Bedarf wird dann die Zufahrtsstraße gesperrt. Durch die Brisanz der Tagungen in dem bundeseigenen Gebäude wurde der Name der Stadt international bekannt. Das 5-Sterne-Hotel auf dem Berg wird außerhalb der Nutzung für größere Tagungen auch privat genutzt.


=== Eingemeindungen ===

Im Zuge der [[Gebietsreform]] wurden 1969 die Gemeinden [[Ittenbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], [[Niederdollendorf]], [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]] und [[Stieldorf]] mit dem Stadtkern Königswinters zusammengelegt.

=== Einwohnerentwicklung ===

[[Bild:Petersberg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Petersberg mit Bundesgästehaus]]
In den vergangen Jahren stieg die Einwohnerzahl Königswinters wie im gesamten Rhein-Sieg-Kreis stark an, 2003 lag die Bevölkerung um 9,1 Prozent höher als 1996. Nach einer Prognose der [[Bertelsmann-Stiftung]] soll sich diese Entwicklung fortsetzen, sie rechnet mit einer Zunahme bis 2020 um 8,1 Prozent. Das Wachstum ist hauptsächlich durch die Ausweisung einer wachsenden Zahl von Baugebieten im Bergbereich bedingt, wobei Nachbarstädte Königswinter vorwerfen, durch starkes Wachstum in unzureichend erschlossenen Gebieten in der ganzen Region Verkehrsprobleme zu schaffen und [[Zersiedelung]] zu betreiben.

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Jahr'''
|'''Einwohner'''
|----
|1987
|33.783
|----
|1990
|35.013
|----
|1992
|35.916
|----
|1995
|37.341
|----
|2003
|40.356
|----
|2005
|41.440
|}

== Politik ==

=== Gemeinderat ===

Die 40 Sitze des Gemeinderat verteilen sich wie folgt:
*[[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] 21 Sitze
*[[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] 10 Sitze
*[[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|Grüne]] 5 Sitze
*[[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] 4 Sitze



(Stand: [[Kommunalwahl]] am [[26. September]] [[2004]])

=== Bürgermeister ===

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Zeitraum'''
|'''Bürgermeister'''
|----
|1808-1814
|Clemens August Freiherr von Schall
|----
|1814-1835
|Clemens August Schäfer
|----
|1835-1841
|Georg Karl Bülle
|----
|1841-1890
|[[August Mirbach]]
|----
|1890-1909
|Fritz Kreitz
|----
|1909-1933
|Josef Clever
|----
|1933
|kom. Dr. Ludwig Buttlar
|----
|1933-1938
|Heinrich Lorenz
|----
|1938-1944
|August Müller
|----
|1944-1945
|Paul Wilhelm Müller
|----
|1945
|Jakob Mehlkop
|----
|1945-1949
|Dr. Peter Liedgens
|----
|1949-1952
|Wilhelm Kirfel
|----
|1952-1956
|Wilhelm Peerenboom
|----
|1956-1961
|Heinrich Reingen
|----
|1961-1969
|Dr. Richard Faßbender
|----
|1969-1990
|Günther Hank
|----
|1990-1999
|Herbert Krämer
|----
|1999-
|Peter Wirtz
|}

=== Wappen ===

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|right|60px|Wappen von Königswinter]]
Das Wappen zeigt die Stadtmauern von Königswinter. Das Kreuz symbolisiert die ehemalige Zugehörigkeit zum Kurfürstentum [[Köln]], der Löwe ist Symbol des [[Herzogtum Berg|Herzogtums Berg]], dem große Teile Königswinters angehörten. Das Wappen in seiner jetzigen Forum wurde offiziell am [[6. Juni]] [[1972]] vom damaligen Kölner [[Regierungspräsident]]en zum Königswinterer Stadtwappen erklärt.

=== Städtepartnerschaften ===

* [[Bild:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[North East Lincolnshire]] in England (früher: [[Cleethorpes]])
* [[Bild:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Cognac]] (Frankreich)

== Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten ==

=== Museen ===

[[Bild:Besucher-Zentrum, Tourist-Information, Bahnhof Drachenfelsbahn.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Besucher-Zentrum und Tourist-Information des Bahnhofes der Drachenfelsbahn]]
* [[Siebengebirgsmuseum]]
* [http://www.reptilien-zoo-koenigswinter.de Nibelungenhalle mit Reptilien-Zoo]
* [http://www.brueckenhofmuseum.de Das Brückenhofmuseum in Oberdollendorf]
* [[Sea Life Königswinter]]



=== Bauwerke ===

* [[Kloster Heisterbach]] (mit Chorruine)
* [http://www.hausschlesien.de Haus Schlesien]
* [[Schloss Drachenburg]]
* [[Ofenkaulen]] (Stollensystem)


=== Naturdenkmäler ===

Königswinter liegt am und im [[Siebengebirge]], dem ältesten Naturschutzgebiet in Deutschland.

Der nahe Heisterbacherrott gelegene Weilberg ist als Steinbruch genutzt worden. Dank dieser Nutzung kann hier die Erdgeschichte etwa 30 Millionen Jahre zurückverfolgt werden.


=== Regelmäßige Veranstaltungen ===
* [[Rhein in Flammen]]: am 1. Samstag im Mai. Großfeuerwerke und Schiffsrundfahrt von [[Linz am Rhein]] entlang [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], Rheininsel Nonnenwerth bei [[Bad Honnef]], [[Bad Godesberg]], Königswinter zur Bonner [[Rheinaue (Bonn)|Rheinaue]] bei [[Bonn]].
* Maifest in Oelinghoven (1. Mai)
* Pfingstkirmes in Römlinghoven
* Jassekirmes in Niederdollendorf (Fronleichnam)
* Kinderfest in Oelinghoven (Juni)
* Kirmes in Oberdollendorf (St. Laurentius, August)
* Weiherfest in Heisterbacherrott (August)
* Kirmes in Niederdollendorf (St. Michael, September)
* Erntedankfest in Oelinghoven (Ende August/Anfang September)
* Erntedankfest in Vinxel (September)
* Winzerfest (immer am ersten Wochenende im Oktober)
* Schützenfest (St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaften, alle zwei Jahre im Mai-2006)


== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==

=== Verkehr ===

==== Straßenverkehr ====

Die Tallage von Königswinter ist mit den Anschlussstellen ''Königswinter'' und ''Königswinter-Oberdollendorf'' über die vierstreifige [[Bundesstraße]] [[Bundesstraße 42|B 42]] angebunden und verfügt damit über eine direkte Verbindung zur angrenzenden Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] und über die sich anschließende Flughafenautobahn [[Bundesautobahn 59|A 59]] nach [[Köln]]. Die südliche Nachbarstadt [[Bad Honnef]] wird ebenfalls über die Bundesstraße erreicht, die danach in Richtung [[Unkel]] zweispurig ausgebaut ist.
[[Bild:Brücke Königswinter Petersberg 2.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Brücke der Landesstraße 331 mit Anschlussstelle zur B 42 und Blick auf Petersberg]]

Im Bergbereich gibt es einen direkten Zugang zur sechsspurigen [[Bundesautobahn 3|A 3]] über die Anschlussstelle ''Siebengebirge (Nr. 33)''. Man erreicht sie vom Talbereich über die [[Landesstraße 331 (Nordrhein-Westfalen)|Landesstraße 331]] (Stadtkern) und über die Landesstraße 268 (Oberdollendorf), die durch das [[Siebengebirge]] führen.

Die Autofähren im Bereich der Altstadt und in [[Niederdollendorf]] ermöglichen das Übersetzen nach Bonn-[[Mehlem]] bzw. Bonn-[[Bad Godesberg]]. [[Bild:Anfang Tunnel Oberdollendorf.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Beginn des Tunnels Oberdollendorf mit davorliegender Stadtbahnhaltestelle]]

==== Schienen- und Busverkehr ====

===== Eisenbahn =====

Die [[Deutsche Bahn]] hat im Stadtgebiet zwei Bahnhöfe, einen am Rand der Altstadt von Königswinter und einen weiteren in Niederdollendorf. Beide werden von den im Halbstunden-Takt verkehrenden Regionalverkehrslinien RE 8 (Rhein-Erft-Express) und RB 27 (Rhein-Erft-Bahn) bedient, die Richtung [[Köln]] und [[Koblenz]] fahren. Seit Juni 2004 ist Königswinter über die Linie RE 8 mit neugebautem Schloss-Röttgen-Tunnel und Bahnhof auch an den [[Flughafen Köln/Bonn]] angebunden.

===== Stadtbahn =====

Die [[Stadtbahn Bonn#Siebengebirgsbahn|Stadtbahnlinie 66]] („Telekom-Express“) der [[Elektrische Bahnen der Stadt Bonn und des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises|SSB]] fährt Richtung [[Bad Honnef]] bzw. [[Siegburg]] über [[Bonn]] und [[Sankt Augustin]]. Die Trasse führt im Altstadtbereich am Rheinufer vorbei und befindet sich in Oberdollendorf im Tunnel; auf Stadtgebiet von Königswinter befinden sich dabei sechs Haltestellen. Die Linie verkehrt im 20-Minuten-Takt, im Berufsverkehr wird sie teilweise auf einen 10-Minuten-Takt verdichtet, der weiter nördlich auf der Strecke [[Ramersdorf (Bonn)|Ramersdorf]]—[[Bonn Hauptbahnhof]]—[[Siegburg]] auch außerhalb des Berufsverkehrs gefahren wird.

===== Bus =====

Während die Tallagen durch die Stadtbahn für den öffentlichen Nahverkehr erschlossen sind, wird die Verbindung in die Berglagen durch drei Buslinien mit unregelmäßigen Fahrten und wechselnden Linienwegen dargestellt.

Die Linie 520 fährt von der Haltstelle Clemens-August-Straße nach [[Ittenbach]] und [[Oberpleis]]. Von dort geht die Fahrt nach [[Oberdollendorf]] und zurück zur Haltestelle in Königswinter.

Die Linie 521 fährt die Gegenrichtung der Buslinie 520.

Die Linie 525 fährt vom Oberpleiser Busbahnhof nach [[Hennef (Sieg)|Hennef]].

==== Verkehrsverbund ====

Königswinter gehört dem [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg]] (VRS) an.

==== Fahrrad ====

An Rheinpromenade (Altstadt) und -ufer entlang führen besonders im Sommer häufig genutzte und ausgebaute Rad- und Fußwege in Richtung Bonn, das als fahrradfreundlichste Stadt Nordrhein-Westfalens ausgezeichnet wurde. Zum Süden hin sind die Radwege noch bis Erpel in unmittelbarer Rheinnähe, im weiteren Verlauf führen sie dem Berg zugewandt neben der B 42 entlang.

=== Einzelhandel ===

Der Einzelhandel ist bis auf die östlichsten Gebiete relativ gleichmäßig auf die Stadt verteilt, es existieren zahlreiche Lebensmittelläden und Discounter. In Niederdollendorf ist ein Einkaufszentrum mit einem Baumarkt entstanden. Ein Schwerpunkt des Einzelhandels sowie des Tourismus bildet die Altstadt und die Rheinpromenade. Dort wurde im Dezember 2005 ein neues [[Sea Life Königswinter|Sea Life-Aquarium]] eröffnet, das viele Besucher anzieht und von dem auch die übrigen Geschäfte profitieren.
[[Bild:Kanalbauarbeiten in Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bevorstehende Altstadtsanierung]]

=== Tourismus ===

Königswinter ist mit dem Siebengebirge, das neben dem [[Kottenforst]] wichtigstes Fremdenverkehrsziel und Naherholungsraum für die Bewohner der Region Bonn Rhein-Sieg und auch überregional Bedeutung hat, ein beliebter Tourismusort. Mit [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]], [[Oelberg]] und [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]] liegen auf Stadtgebiet neben [[Bad Honnef]] mit der [[Löwenburg (Siebengebirge)|Löwenburg]] die touristisch wertvollsten Berge des Naturparks. Die Rheinpromenade ist im Sommer hochfrequentiert, weshalb es dort viel Gastronomie gibt. Auch das neue Sea Life Center ist dort wichtiger Bestandteil des Tourismus geworden. Voraussichtlich bis 2007 wird das [[Schloss Drachenburg]] saniert, das einen Haltepunkt an der [[Drachenfelsbahn]] hat.

=== Ansässige Unternehmen ===

Zu den bedeutendsten Unternehmen in Königswinters gehören:

* [http://www.hayes-lemmerz.com/ Hayes Lemmerz] - Felgen-Hersteller (Altstadt und Niederdollendorf)
Die Firma Hayes Lemmerz beschäftigt am Standort Königswinter ca. 700 Mitarbeiter und nimmt einen großen Teil des Stadtgebiets in der Tallage ein und ist die bedeutendste Firma in der Stadt.
* [http://www.heel-verlag.de/ Heel Verlag] - Gut Pottscheidt bei Königswinter
* [http://www.jass-baubedarf.de/ Jass Baubedarf GmbH & Co. KG] - Baustoffe (Altstadt)
* [http://www.brune.de Brune GmbH] - Möbelfabrik in Königswinter-Oberpleis
* [http://www.zera.de/pag_d/start_d.html Zera GmbH] - Zählerprüfeinrichtungen
* [http://www.didier.de/internet/de/corpsvc/didier/default.html RHI Didier] - Feuerfestmaterialien (Niederdollendorf)
* [http://www.twintec.de Twin-Tec GmbH] - Hersteller für Rußfilter und Katalysatoren
[[Bild:Sea Life Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Außenansicht des Sea Life Königswinter]]

=== Vereinigungen, Verbände und sonstige Körperschaften ===

Aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn sind in Königswinter zahlreiche Verbände und Gesellschaften ansässig, darunter:

* Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (AZK)
* Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufstätiger Frauen in der Christlich-Demokratischen Arbeitnehmerschaft
* Bundesverband höherer Berufe der Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung e. V.
* Bundesverband staatlich geprüfter Techniker e. V.
* [[Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft|Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft Deutschlands]] (CDA)
* [[Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft|Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft e. V.]]
* Deutsch-Usbekische Gesellschaft e. V.
* [[dbb beamtenbund und tarifunion|Deutscher Beamtenbund]], Bildungszentrum „Forum Siebengebirge“
* Europäisches Zentrum für Arbeitnehmerfragen
* Gästehaus der Verfassungsorgane der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]])
* Landsmannschaft Schlesien, Nieder- und Oberschlesien e. V.
* Sach- und Haftpflichtversicherung des Bäckerhandwerks VVaG
* Stiftung Christlich-Soziale Politik e. V.
* Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft e. V.
* Verband der Redenschreiber deutscher Sprache e. V.
* Verband Deutscher Sicherheitstechniker e. V.

Von 1984-[[1999]] war der „Margarethenhof“ im Stadtteil Margarethenhöhe Sitz der [[Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung]], einer der [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] nahen Stiftung.

=== Medien ===

* 1873-1941 Echo des Siebengebirges
* 1963-2004 Siebengebirgszeitung
* 1996-1998 Königswinterer Zeitung
* [[General-Anzeiger (Bonn)|General-Anzeiger]] mit Lokalausgabe „Honnefer Volkszeitung“

Der weithin sichtbare Sendemast auf dem Königswinterer Oelberg versorgt die Siebengebirgsregion und die Bundesstadt Bonn mit Radioprogrammen sowie Mobilfunkantennen. Seit 2004 strahlt der Sendemast auf dem Bonner [[Venusberg (Bonn)|Venusberg]] das digitale Antennenfernsehen [[DVB-T]] aus.



=== Bildung ===

* Grundschule Königswinter (Johann-Lemmerz-Grundschule)
* Grundschule Niederdollendorf (Longenburgschule)
* Grundschule Oberdollendorf
* [http://www.Stenzelbergschule.de Grundschule Heisterbacherrott (Stenzelbergschule)]
* Grundschule Stieldorf
* [http://www.ittenbach-online.de/schule/ Grundschule Ittenbach]
* Grundschule Oberpleis
* Grundschule Eudenbach
* Sonderschule für Lernbehinderte (Drachenfelsschule)

Weiterführende Schulen

* [http://www.ghs-oberpleis.de/ Hauptschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.realschule-oberpleis.de/ Realschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.gymnasium-am-oelberg.de Städtisches Gymnasium am Oelberg / Oberpleis]
* [[CJD Jugenddorf-Christophorusschule Königswinter]] (privates Gymnasium mit Realschule und [[Internat]])

Sonstige

* [http://www.vhs-siebengebirge.de/ VHS Siebengebirge]
* [http://www.koenigswinter.de/_navigation.php?input=Jugend%20und%20Bildung&seite=Musikschule/ Musikschule der Stadt Königswinter]
* [http://www.sksk.de/ Studienhaus für keltische Sprachen und Kulturen]

* [http://www.cms.azk.de/ Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (Bildungswerk)]

== Öffentliche Einrichtungen ==

=== Gericht ===

In Königswinter hat ein Amtsgericht seinen Sitz. Es gehört zum Bezirk des Landgerichtes Bonn

=== Post ===

Im Bereich der Stadt Königswinter gibt es heute nur noch [[Postagentur]]en. Sie befinden sich im den Stadtteilen Altstadt, Berghausen, Ittenbach, Oberdollendorf, Oberpleis, Stieldorf und Thomasberg.

=== Arbeitsamt ===

Die früher in Königswinter-Altstadt gelegene Außenstelle der [[Arbeitsagentur]] befindet sich heute im Ortsteil Oberdollendorf.

== Persönlichkeiten ==

=== Ehrenbürger ===

* 1890: [[August Mirbach]] (Bürgermeister von [[1841]] bis [[1890]])
* 1911: Hermann Beckmann
* 1911: Oswald Gilgenberg
* 1922: [[Ferdinand Mülhens]] ([[4711]])
* 1946: Heinrich Nachtsheim
* 1950: [[Johann Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1957: [[Paul Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1969: Luise Streve-Mülhens
* 1990: Prof. [[Eduard Rhein]] (Erfinder, Schriftsteller,...)

=== Söhne und Töchter der Stadt ===

d. h. Personen, die hier geboren sind

*[[Franz Ittenbach]] (1813-1879) Maler
*[[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]] (1816-1873) Dichter
* Karl Spindler (1887-1951) Seekapitän
*[[Peter Buchholz]] Gefängnispfarrer in Berlin
*[[Eduard Rhein]] (1900-1993) Erfinder, Schriftsteller
*[[Karl Lamers]] (*1935) Politiker
*[[Michael Opielka]] (*1956)
*[[Horst Heldt]] (*1969) Fußballer

=== Persönlichkeiten, die mit der Stadt in Verbindung stehen ===

* [[Egon Bahr]] (*[[1922]] [[Treffurt]]/[[Werra]]), Politiker
* [[Ernemann Sander]] (*[[1925]] [[Leipzig]]), Künstler
* Burkhard Mohr (*[[1959]] [[Köln]]), Künstler
* Manfred Weber (*1942 [[Bonn]]) , Anti-Gewerkschaftler
* [[Peter Hintze]] (*[[1960]] [[Bad Honnef]]), Pastor der evangelischen Gemeinde von 1980 bis 1983

== Literatur ==

*Dorothea F. Voigtländer, ''Geschichte und Geschichten vom Rhein - Vom Drachenfels zum Kaiserberg'', Bad Honnef 2. Aufl. 2004, ISBN 3-87066-381-2
* Denkmäler im Rheinland, ''Stadt Königswinter'', ISBN 3-7927-1200-8, Köln 1992
* Herbert Menden, ''Königswinter in alten Ansichten'', ISBN 90-288-1305-5
* Bruno P. Kremer, ''Das Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-87909-770-4, 2002
* Karl Josef Klöhs, ''Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-00-012113-7, Königswinter 2003

== Weblinks ==

* [http://www.koenigswinter.de/ Website der Stadt Königswinter]
* [http://www.meinestadt.de/koenigswinter/home Stadtführer Königswinter]

 
<div class="BoxenVerschmelzen">
{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis}}
{{Navigationsleiste Nibelungenstädte}}
</div>

[[Kategorie:Ort in Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Kategorie:Königswinter|!]]

[[en:Königswinter]]
[[nl:Königswinter]]
[[no:Königswinter]]

Königswinter

2006-04-25T00:28:38Z

64.12.117.9: /* Bildung */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width:307px; background:#e3e3e3; margin-left:1em; border-spacing:1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"
| width="145"|[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|140px|right|Wappen von Königswinter]]
| width="145"|[[Bild:Lage der Stadt Königswinter in Deutschland.png|140px|Karte von Deutschland, Königswinter hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]:||[[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]:||[[Regierungsbezirk Köln|Köln]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis|Kreis]]:||[[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: ||76,19 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: ||43.678 ''(Dezember 2005)''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: ||573 Einwohner/km²
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 74 - 461 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: ||53639
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahlen]]: ||02223 und 02244
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: ||{{Koordinate Text Artikel|50_41_N_7_11_E_type:city(43530)_region:DE-NW|50° 41′ n. Br., 7° 11′ ö. L.}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: ||<tt>SU</tt>
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Gliederung des Stadtgebiets:||ca. 50 Stadtteile
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Amtlicher Gemeindeschlüssel|Gemeindekennzahl]]:||05 3 82 024
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Adresse der Stadtverwaltung:||Drachenfelsstraße 9-11 53639 Königswinter
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Website: || [http://www.koenigswinter.de Stadt Königswinter]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: ||[mailto:stadtverwaltung@koenigswinter.de Stadtverwaltung]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Bürgermeister: ||Peter Wirtz ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
|}

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_vom_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Drachenfels aus, [[Post Tower]] und [[Langer Eugen]] im Hintergrund]][[Bild:Sankt_Remigius_Koenigswinter_1850.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Litographie von St. Remigius (August Karstein, 1850)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Sankt Remigius.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eingangsseite von St. Remigius (2005)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Rhein aus, [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Weinlokal_Bellinghausen_Koenigswinter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|„Weinrestaurant Bellinghausen“ vom Rhein aus (1899), [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Rathaus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Altes Rathaus Königswinter mit dem bis 1969 gültigen Wappen]]

'''Königswinter''' ist eine Stadt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] mit über 40.000 Einwohnern, auf der östlichen Rheinseite gegenüber der Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] gelegen. Überregional bekannt geworden ist sie durch das Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]], das aufgrund der Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn gelegentlich als Schauplatz für bedeutende internationale Kongresse und Konferenzen dient.

== Geografie ==
=== Geografische Lage ===

Die Stadt liegt am [[Rhein]] zwischen [[Bad Honnef]] und Bonn-[[Beuel]] am Fuße des [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberges]] und bietet außerdem Zugang zu Deutschlands meistbestiegenem Berg, dem [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]]. Dieser hat mit der Burgruine aus dem [[12. Jahrhundert]], unterstützt durch die seit [[1883]] betriebene Zahnradbahn ([[Drachenfelsbahn]]) zu seinen Höhen hinauf, Königswinters Namen als Fremdenverkehrsort entscheidend mitgeprägt. Beide Berge gehören zum Naturpark [[Siebengebirge]]. Der [[Rheinsteig]], der neue rechtsrheinische Wanderweg führt von Bonn über den Drachenfels nach Wiesbaden.
Die Hänge der Berge in Königswinter und [[Oberdollendorf]] werden seit jeher zum [[Weinanbau]] genutzt. Der Ortskern von Königwinter befindet sich auf 50,683° [[Breitengrad|nördlicher Breite]] und 7,183° [[Längengrad|östlicher Länge]] in einer [[Höhe]] von 74 Metern über dem [[Normalnull|mittleren Meeresspiegel]]. Der höchste Punkt im Stadtgebiet Königswinter liegt bei 461 Metern über NN auf dem Großen [[Oelberg]]. Dieser Punkt ist gleichzeitig der höchste Punkt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]].



=== Stadtgliederung ===

Das Stadtgebiet Königswinters streckt sich auf eine Fläche von 76,19 Quadratkilometern aus und besitzt damit die viertgrößte Ausdehnung im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Es gliedert sich in einen Berg- und Talbereich mit 52 Ortsteilen:

Altstadt, Bennerscheid, Berghausen, [[Bockeroth]], Boseroth, Dahlhausen, [[Düferoth]], Döttscheid, Eisbach, Eudenbach, Faulenbitze, Gratzfeld, Gräfenhohn, Hartenberg, [[Heisterbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], Hühnerberg, Hüscheid, [[Ittenbach]], Kochenbach, Komp, Kotthausen, Lahr, Margarethenhöhe, Niederbuchholz, [[Niederdollendorf]], Niederscheuren, Nonnenberg, [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]], Oberscheuren, Oelinghoven, Perlenhardt, Pleiserhohn, Pützstück, Quirrenbach, Rauschendorf, Ruttscheid, Rübhausen, Römlinghoven, Sand, Sandscheid, Sassenberg, Siefen, [[Stieldorf]], Stieldorferhohn, [[Thomasberg (Siebengebirge)|Thomasberg]], [[Uthweiler]], Vinxel, Wahlfeld, Weiler, Willmeroth. 
14 Ortsteile in der Bergregion werden auch mit der inoffiziellen Bezeichnung [[Oberhau]] zusammengefasst.

=== Nachbarstädte und -gemeinden ===

Folgende Städte und Gemeinden grenzen an die Stadt Königswinter. Sie werden im Uhrzeigersinn, im Norden beginnend, genannt:

[[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Beuel|Stadtbezirk Beuel]]), [[Sankt Augustin|Stadt Sankt Augustin]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Hennef (Sieg)|Stadt Hennef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Buchholz|Gemeinde Buchholz]] ([[Asbach (Westerwald)|Verbandsgemeinde Asbach]], [[Landkreis Neuwied]]), [[Bad Honnef|Stadt Bad Honnef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Bad Godesberg|Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg]]).

=== Klima ===

Das Königswinterer Klima ist im Bundesvergleich mild. Die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur (Mittel 1971-2000) liegt bei 10,9 Grad Celsius, wobei es bedeutende Schwankungen zwischen der Tal- und Berglage gibt. Nach Prognosen des Potsdamer Institut für Klimafolgenforschung wird die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur, errechnet aus den Jahren 2001-2030, 11,9 Grad Celsius betragen, zudem werde die Vegetationsperiode länger.

== Geschichte ==

=== Allgemein ===

Königswinter wurde im Jahr [[1015]] erstmalig als ''Winetre'' erwähnt. [[Heinrich II. (HRR)|Kaiser Heinrich II.]] schenkte dem Bonner Frauenstift Dietkirchen ein Gut, das ihm Graf Wilhelm und dessen Bruder Boppo in dem im [[Auelgau]] gelegenen Ort Winetre überlassen hatten. Es gibt jedoch Funde (so z. B. in Form eines Grabsteines bei [[Oberdollendorf]]), die auf das Jahr [[680]] n. Chr. zurückdatiert werden. Somit gab es zu dieser Zeit vermutlich schon Bewohner in der Region. Die Stadt hat als bekannter [[Fremdenverkehr]]sort eine langjährige Tradition.
Im Mittelalter gehörte Königswinter zum kurkölnischen Amt Wolkenburg, welches die beiden Burgen Drachenfels und Wolkenburg sowie die Orte Königswinter und Ittenbach umfasste. Obwohl Königswinter eine Stadtmauer und damit eines der für eine Stadt typischen Merkmale hatte, besaß der Ort kein Stadtrecht, so dass er als sogenannter [[Flecken (Ort)|Flecken]] anzusehen war. [[1689]] brannten fast alle Gebäude ab, weil französische Soldaten Königswinter plündern wollten.

Nach der [[Säkularisierung]] des Erzstiftes 1803 fiel Königswinter an das [[Herzogtum Nassau|Fürstentum Nassau-Usingen]], 1806 an das [[Herzogtum Berg|Großherzogtum Berg]] und schließlich 1815 an das Königreich [[Preußen]].

Königswinter erhielt 1889 die [[Stadtrechte]].
Bei der kommunalen Neuordnung im Jahre 1969 entstand die neue Stadt Königswinter aus der Stadt Königswinter, der Gemeinde Ittenbach aus dem ehemaligen Amt Königswinter, den Gemeinden Oberpleis und Stieldorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberpleis, und den Gemeinden Heisterbacherrott, Niederdollendorf und Oberdollendorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberkassel.
Die Tagungen auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn| Petersberg]] ([[Afghanistan-Konferenz]]) haben den Namen der Stadt in alle Welt getragen.
Der Name ''Königswinter'' entstand, nachdem [[Karl der Große]] am Drachenfels eine Weindomäne erwarb, und Königswinter somit ein königlicher Winzerort (lat: ''Vinitiorium'') wurde.
Der Drachenfels erlangte vor allem durch [[Richard Wagner| Richard Wagners]] Version der [[Nibelungensage]] internationale Berühmtheit. Hier erschlug [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfried]] den legendären Drachen und badete anschließend in dessen Blut, um sich unverwundbar zu machen. Jedoch verdeckte ein Lindenblatt eine Stelle zwischen seinen Schulterblättern, was ihm später zum Verhängnis wurde. Somit besiegelte sich [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfrieds]] Schicksal in Königswinter am Rhein.

=== Petersberg ===

''Hauptartikel: [[Petersberg bei Bonn]]''

Das Gästehaus auf dem Petersberg war nach der Ansiedlung der Bundesregierung in Bonn zur Residenz der Staatsgäste geworden. Dort wurde 1949 auch das [[Petersberger Abkommen]] unterzeichnet, das Königswinter einen Platz in den Geschichtsbüchern sicherte. Nach einer zwischenzeitlichen Schließung erwarb der Bund 1979 das Gebäude und ließ es von 1985 bis 1990 aufwändig umbauen. Dort werden gelegentlich bedeutende internationale Konferenzen, wie 2001 und 2002 die [[Afghanistan-Konferenz]] ausgerichtet. Bei Bedarf wird dann die Zufahrtsstraße gesperrt. Durch die Brisanz der Tagungen in dem bundeseigenen Gebäude wurde der Name der Stadt international bekannt. Das 5-Sterne-Hotel auf dem Berg wird außerhalb der Nutzung für größere Tagungen auch privat genutzt.


=== Eingemeindungen ===

Im Zuge der [[Gebietsreform]] wurden 1969 die Gemeinden [[Ittenbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], [[Niederdollendorf]], [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]] und [[Stieldorf]] mit dem Stadtkern Königswinters zusammengelegt.

=== Einwohnerentwicklung ===

[[Bild:Petersberg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Petersberg mit Bundesgästehaus]]
In den vergangen Jahren stieg die Einwohnerzahl Königswinters wie im gesamten Rhein-Sieg-Kreis stark an, 2003 lag die Bevölkerung um 9,1 Prozent höher als 1996. Nach einer Prognose der [[Bertelsmann-Stiftung]] soll sich diese Entwicklung fortsetzen, sie rechnet mit einer Zunahme bis 2020 um 8,1 Prozent. Das Wachstum ist hauptsächlich durch die Ausweisung einer wachsenden Zahl von Baugebieten im Bergbereich bedingt, wobei Nachbarstädte Königswinter vorwerfen, durch starkes Wachstum in unzureichend erschlossenen Gebieten in der ganzen Region Verkehrsprobleme zu schaffen und [[Zersiedelung]] zu betreiben.

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Jahr'''
|'''Einwohner'''
|----
|1987
|33.783
|----
|1990
|35.013
|----
|1992
|35.916
|----
|1995
|37.341
|----
|2003
|40.356
|----
|2005
|41.440
|}

== Politik ==

=== Gemeinderat ===

Die 40 Sitze des Gemeinderat verteilen sich wie folgt:
*[[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] 21 Sitze
*[[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] 10 Sitze
*[[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|Grüne]] 5 Sitze
*[[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] 4 Sitze



(Stand: [[Kommunalwahl]] am [[26. September]] [[2004]])

=== Bürgermeister ===

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Zeitraum'''
|'''Bürgermeister'''
|----
|1808-1814
|Clemens August Freiherr von Schall
|----
|1814-1835
|Clemens August Schäfer
|----
|1835-1841
|Georg Karl Bülle
|----
|1841-1890
|[[August Mirbach]]
|----
|1890-1909
|Fritz Kreitz
|----
|1909-1933
|Josef Clever
|----
|1933
|kom. Dr. Ludwig Buttlar
|----
|1933-1938
|Heinrich Lorenz
|----
|1938-1944
|August Müller
|----
|1944-1945
|Paul Wilhelm Müller
|----
|1945
|Jakob Mehlkop
|----
|1945-1949
|Dr. Peter Liedgens
|----
|1949-1952
|Wilhelm Kirfel
|----
|1952-1956
|Wilhelm Peerenboom
|----
|1956-1961
|Heinrich Reingen
|----
|1961-1969
|Dr. Richard Faßbender
|----
|1969-1990
|Günther Hank
|----
|1990-1999
|Herbert Krämer
|----
|1999-
|Peter Wirtz
|}

=== Wappen ===

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|right|60px|Wappen von Königswinter]]
Das Wappen zeigt die Stadtmauern von Königswinter. Das Kreuz symbolisiert die ehemalige Zugehörigkeit zum Kurfürstentum [[Köln]], der Löwe ist Symbol des [[Herzogtum Berg|Herzogtums Berg]], dem große Teile Königswinters angehörten. Das Wappen in seiner jetzigen Forum wurde offiziell am [[6. Juni]] [[1972]] vom damaligen Kölner [[Regierungspräsident]]en zum Königswinterer Stadtwappen erklärt.

=== Städtepartnerschaften ===

* [[Bild:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[North East Lincolnshire]] in England (früher: [[Cleethorpes]])
* [[Bild:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Cognac]] (Frankreich)

== Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten ==

=== Museen ===

[[Bild:Besucher-Zentrum, Tourist-Information, Bahnhof Drachenfelsbahn.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Besucher-Zentrum und Tourist-Information des Bahnhofes der Drachenfelsbahn]]
* [[Siebengebirgsmuseum]]
* [http://www.reptilien-zoo-koenigswinter.de Nibelungenhalle mit Reptilien-Zoo]
* [http://www.brueckenhofmuseum.de Das Brückenhofmuseum in Oberdollendorf]
* [[Sea Life Königswinter]]



=== Bauwerke ===

* [[Kloster Heisterbach]] (mit Chorruine)
* [http://www.hausschlesien.de Haus Schlesien]
* [[Schloss Drachenburg]]
* [[Ofenkaulen]] (Stollensystem)


=== Naturdenkmäler ===

Königswinter liegt am und im [[Siebengebirge]], dem ältesten Naturschutzgebiet in Deutschland.

Der nahe Heisterbacherrott gelegene Weilberg ist als Steinbruch genutzt worden. Dank dieser Nutzung kann hier die Erdgeschichte etwa 30 Millionen Jahre zurückverfolgt werden.


=== Regelmäßige Veranstaltungen ===
* [[Rhein in Flammen]]: am 1. Samstag im Mai. Großfeuerwerke und Schiffsrundfahrt von [[Linz am Rhein]] entlang [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], Rheininsel Nonnenwerth bei [[Bad Honnef]], [[Bad Godesberg]], Königswinter zur Bonner [[Rheinaue (Bonn)|Rheinaue]] bei [[Bonn]].
* Maifest in Oelinghoven (1. Mai)
* Pfingstkirmes in Römlinghoven
* Jassekirmes in Niederdollendorf (Fronleichnam)
* Kinderfest in Oelinghoven (Juni)
* Kirmes in Oberdollendorf (St. Laurentius, August)
* Weiherfest in Heisterbacherrott (August)
* Kirmes in Niederdollendorf (St. Michael, September)
* Erntedankfest in Oelinghoven (Ende August/Anfang September)
* Erntedankfest in Vinxel (September)
* Winzerfest (immer am ersten Wochenende im Oktober)
* Schützenfest (St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaften, alle zwei Jahre im Mai-2006)


== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==

=== Verkehr ===

==== Straßenverkehr ====

Die Tallage von Königswinter ist mit den Anschlussstellen ''Königswinter'' und ''Königswinter-Oberdollendorf'' über die vierstreifige [[Bundesstraße]] [[Bundesstraße 42|B 42]] angebunden und verfügt damit über eine direkte Verbindung zur angrenzenden Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] und über die sich anschließende Flughafenautobahn [[Bundesautobahn 59|A 59]] nach [[Köln]]. Die südliche Nachbarstadt [[Bad Honnef]] wird ebenfalls über die Bundesstraße erreicht, die danach in Richtung [[Unkel]] zweispurig ausgebaut ist.
[[Bild:Brücke Königswinter Petersberg 2.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Brücke der Landesstraße 331 mit Anschlussstelle zur B 42 und Blick auf Petersberg]]

Im Bergbereich gibt es einen direkten Zugang zur sechsspurigen [[Bundesautobahn 3|A 3]] über die Anschlussstelle ''Siebengebirge (Nr. 33)''. Man erreicht sie vom Talbereich über die [[Landesstraße 331 (Nordrhein-Westfalen)|Landesstraße 331]] (Stadtkern) und über die Landesstraße 268 (Oberdollendorf), die durch das [[Siebengebirge]] führen.

Die Autofähren im Bereich der Altstadt und in [[Niederdollendorf]] ermöglichen das Übersetzen nach Bonn-[[Mehlem]] bzw. Bonn-[[Bad Godesberg]]. [[Bild:Anfang Tunnel Oberdollendorf.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Beginn des Tunnels Oberdollendorf mit davorliegender Stadtbahnhaltestelle]]

==== Schienen- und Busverkehr ====

===== Eisenbahn =====

Die [[Deutsche Bahn]] hat im Stadtgebiet zwei Bahnhöfe, einen am Rand der Altstadt von Königswinter und einen weiteren in Niederdollendorf. Beide werden von den im Halbstunden-Takt verkehrenden Regionalverkehrslinien RE 8 (Rhein-Erft-Express) und RB 27 (Rhein-Erft-Bahn) bedient, die Richtung [[Köln]] und [[Koblenz]] fahren. Seit Juni 2004 ist Königswinter über die Linie RE 8 mit neugebautem Schloss-Röttgen-Tunnel und Bahnhof auch an den [[Flughafen Köln/Bonn]] angebunden.

===== Stadtbahn =====

Die [[Stadtbahn Bonn#Siebengebirgsbahn|Stadtbahnlinie 66]] („Telekom-Express“) der [[Elektrische Bahnen der Stadt Bonn und des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises|SSB]] fährt Richtung [[Bad Honnef]] bzw. [[Siegburg]] über [[Bonn]] und [[Sankt Augustin]]. Die Trasse führt im Altstadtbereich am Rheinufer vorbei und befindet sich in Oberdollendorf im Tunnel; auf Stadtgebiet von Königswinter befinden sich dabei sechs Haltestellen. Die Linie verkehrt im 20-Minuten-Takt, im Berufsverkehr wird sie teilweise auf einen 10-Minuten-Takt verdichtet, der weiter nördlich auf der Strecke [[Ramersdorf (Bonn)|Ramersdorf]]—[[Bonn Hauptbahnhof]]—[[Siegburg]] auch außerhalb des Berufsverkehrs gefahren wird.

===== Bus =====

Während die Tallagen durch die Stadtbahn für den öffentlichen Nahverkehr erschlossen sind, wird die Verbindung in die Berglagen durch drei Buslinien mit unregelmäßigen Fahrten und wechselnden Linienwegen dargestellt.

Die Linie 520 fährt von der Haltstelle Clemens-August-Straße nach [[Ittenbach]] und [[Oberpleis]]. Von dort geht die Fahrt nach [[Oberdollendorf]] und zurück zur Haltestelle in Königswinter.

Die Linie 521 fährt die Gegenrichtung der Buslinie 520.

Die Linie 525 fährt vom Oberpleiser Busbahnhof nach [[Hennef (Sieg)|Hennef]].

==== Verkehrsverbund ====

Königswinter gehört dem [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg]] (VRS) an.

==== Fahrrad ====

An Rheinpromenade (Altstadt) und -ufer entlang führen besonders im Sommer häufig genutzte und ausgebaute Rad- und Fußwege in Richtung Bonn, das als fahrradfreundlichste Stadt Nordrhein-Westfalens ausgezeichnet wurde. Zum Süden hin sind die Radwege noch bis Erpel in unmittelbarer Rheinnähe, im weiteren Verlauf führen sie dem Berg zugewandt neben der B 42 entlang.

=== Einzelhandel ===

Der Einzelhandel ist bis auf die östlichsten Gebiete relativ gleichmäßig auf die Stadt verteilt, es existieren zahlreiche Lebensmittelläden und Discounter. In Niederdollendorf ist ein Einkaufszentrum mit einem Baumarkt entstanden. Ein Schwerpunkt des Einzelhandels sowie des Tourismus bildet die Altstadt und die Rheinpromenade. Dort wurde im Dezember 2005 ein neues [[Sea Life Königswinter|Sea Life-Aquarium]] eröffnet, das viele Besucher anzieht und von dem auch die übrigen Geschäfte profitieren.
[[Bild:Kanalbauarbeiten in Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bevorstehende Altstadtsanierung]]

=== Tourismus ===

Königswinter ist mit dem Siebengebirge, das neben dem [[Kottenforst]] wichtigstes Fremdenverkehrsziel und Naherholungsraum für die Bewohner der Region Bonn Rhein-Sieg und auch überregional Bedeutung hat, ein beliebter Tourismusort. Mit [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]], [[Oelberg]] und [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]] liegen auf Stadtgebiet neben [[Bad Honnef]] mit der [[Löwenburg (Siebengebirge)|Löwenburg]] die touristisch wertvollsten Berge des Naturparks. Die Rheinpromenade ist im Sommer hochfrequentiert, weshalb es dort viel Gastronomie gibt. Auch das neue Sea Life Center ist dort wichtiger Bestandteil des Tourismus geworden. Voraussichtlich bis 2007 wird das [[Schloss Drachenburg]] saniert, das einen Haltepunkt an der [[Drachenfelsbahn]] hat.

=== Ansässige Unternehmen ===

Zu den bedeutendsten Unternehmen in Königswinters gehören:

* [http://www.hayes-lemmerz.com/ Hayes Lemmerz] - Felgen-Hersteller (Altstadt und Niederdollendorf)
Die Firma Hayes Lemmerz beschäftigt am Standort Königswinter ca. 700 Mitarbeiter und nimmt einen großen Teil des Stadtgebiets in der Tallage ein und ist die bedeutendste Firma in der Stadt.
* [http://www.heel-verlag.de/ Heel Verlag] - Gut Pottscheidt bei Königswinter
* [http://www.jass-baubedarf.de/ Jass Baubedarf GmbH & Co. KG] - Baustoffe (Altstadt)
* [http://www.brune.de Brune GmbH] - Möbelfabrik in Königswinter-Oberpleis
* [http://www.zera.de/pag_d/start_d.html Zera GmbH] - Zählerprüfeinrichtungen
* [http://www.didier.de/internet/de/corpsvc/didier/default.html RHI Didier] - Feuerfestmaterialien (Niederdollendorf)
* [http://www.twintec.de Twin-Tec GmbH] - Hersteller für Rußfilter und Katalysatoren
[[Bild:Sea Life Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Außenansicht des Sea Life Königswinter]]

=== Vereinigungen, Verbände und sonstige Körperschaften ===

Aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn sind in Königswinter zahlreiche Verbände und Gesellschaften ansässig, darunter:

* Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (AZK)
* Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufstätiger Frauen in der Christlich-Demokratischen Arbeitnehmerschaft
* Bundesverband höherer Berufe der Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung e. V.
* Bundesverband staatlich geprüfter Techniker e. V.
* [[Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft|Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft Deutschlands]] (CDA)
* [[Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft|Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft e. V.]]
* Deutsch-Usbekische Gesellschaft e. V.
* [[dbb beamtenbund und tarifunion|Deutscher Beamtenbund]], Bildungszentrum „Forum Siebengebirge“
* Europäisches Zentrum für Arbeitnehmerfragen
* Gästehaus der Verfassungsorgane der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]])
* Landsmannschaft Schlesien, Nieder- und Oberschlesien e. V.
* Sach- und Haftpflichtversicherung des Bäckerhandwerks VVaG
* Stiftung Christlich-Soziale Politik e. V.
* Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft e. V.
* Verband der Redenschreiber deutscher Sprache e. V.
* Verband Deutscher Sicherheitstechniker e. V.

Von 1984-[[1999]] war der „Margarethenhof“ im Stadtteil Margarethenhöhe Sitz der [[Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung]], einer der [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] nahen Stiftung.

=== Medien ===

* 1873-1941 Echo des Siebengebirges
* 1963-2004 Siebengebirgszeitung
* 1996-1998 Königswinterer Zeitung
* [[General-Anzeiger (Bonn)|General-Anzeiger]] mit Lokalausgabe „Honnefer Volkszeitung“

Der weithin sichtbare Sendemast auf dem Königswinterer Oelberg versorgt die Siebengebirgsregion und die Bundesstadt Bonn mit Radioprogrammen sowie Mobilfunkantennen. Seit 2004 strahlt der Sendemast auf dem Bonner [[Venusberg (Bonn)|Venusberg]] das digitale Antennenfernsehen [[DVB-T]] aus.



=== Bildung ===

* Grundschule Königswinter (Johann-Lemmerz-Grundschule)
* Grundschule Niederdollendorf (Longenburgschule)
* Grundschule Oberdollendorf
* [http://www.Stenzelbergschule.de Grundschule Heisterbacherrott (Stenzelbergschule)]
* Grundschule Stieldorf
* [http://www.ittenbach-online.de/schule/ Grundschule Ittenbach]
* Grundschule Oberpleis
* Grundschule Eudenbach
* Sonderschule für Lernbehinderte (Drachenfelsschule)

Weiterführende Schulen

* [http://www.ghs-oberpleis.de/ Hauptschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.realschule-oberpleis.de/ Realschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.gymnasium-am-oelberg.de Städtisches Gymnasium am Oelberg / Oberpleis]
* [[CJD Jugenddorf-Christophorusschule Königswinter]] (privates Gymnasium mit Realschule und [[Internat]])

Sonstige

* [http://www.vhs-siebengebirge.de/ VHS Siebengebirge]
* Musikschule der Stadt Königswinter
* [http://www.sksk.de/ Studienhaus für keltische Sprachen und Kulturen]

* [http://www.cms.azk.de/ Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (Bildungswerk)]

== Öffentliche Einrichtungen ==

=== Gericht ===

In Königswinter hat ein Amtsgericht seinen Sitz. Es gehört zum Bezirk des Landgerichtes Bonn

=== Post ===

Im Bereich der Stadt Königswinter gibt es heute nur noch [[Postagentur]]en. Sie befinden sich im den Stadtteilen Altstadt, Berghausen, Ittenbach, Oberdollendorf, Oberpleis, Stieldorf und Thomasberg.

=== Arbeitsamt ===

Die früher in Königswinter-Altstadt gelegene Außenstelle der [[Arbeitsagentur]] befindet sich heute im Ortsteil Oberdollendorf.

== Persönlichkeiten ==

=== Ehrenbürger ===

* 1890: [[August Mirbach]] (Bürgermeister von [[1841]] bis [[1890]])
* 1911: Hermann Beckmann
* 1911: Oswald Gilgenberg
* 1922: [[Ferdinand Mülhens]] ([[4711]])
* 1946: Heinrich Nachtsheim
* 1950: [[Johann Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1957: [[Paul Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1969: Luise Streve-Mülhens
* 1990: Prof. [[Eduard Rhein]] (Erfinder, Schriftsteller,...)

=== Söhne und Töchter der Stadt ===

d. h. Personen, die hier geboren sind

*[[Franz Ittenbach]] (1813-1879) Maler
*[[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]] (1816-1873) Dichter
* Karl Spindler (1887-1951) Seekapitän
*[[Peter Buchholz]] Gefängnispfarrer in Berlin
*[[Eduard Rhein]] (1900-1993) Erfinder, Schriftsteller
*[[Karl Lamers]] (*1935) Politiker
*[[Michael Opielka]] (*1956)
*[[Horst Heldt]] (*1969) Fußballer

=== Persönlichkeiten, die mit der Stadt in Verbindung stehen ===

* [[Egon Bahr]] (*[[1922]] [[Treffurt]]/[[Werra]]), Politiker
* [[Ernemann Sander]] (*[[1925]] [[Leipzig]]), Künstler
* Burkhard Mohr (*[[1959]] [[Köln]]), Künstler
* Manfred Weber (*1942 [[Bonn]]) , Anti-Gewerkschaftler
* [[Peter Hintze]] (*[[1960]] [[Bad Honnef]]), Pastor der evangelischen Gemeinde von 1980 bis 1983

== Literatur ==

*Dorothea F. Voigtländer, ''Geschichte und Geschichten vom Rhein - Vom Drachenfels zum Kaiserberg'', Bad Honnef 2. Aufl. 2004, ISBN 3-87066-381-2
* Denkmäler im Rheinland, ''Stadt Königswinter'', ISBN 3-7927-1200-8, Köln 1992
* Herbert Menden, ''Königswinter in alten Ansichten'', ISBN 90-288-1305-5
* Bruno P. Kremer, ''Das Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-87909-770-4, 2002
* Karl Josef Klöhs, ''Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-00-012113-7, Königswinter 2003

== Weblinks ==

* [http://www.koenigswinter.de/ Website der Stadt Königswinter]
* [http://www.meinestadt.de/koenigswinter/home Stadtführer Königswinter]

 
<div class="BoxenVerschmelzen">
{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis}}
{{Navigationsleiste Nibelungenstädte}}
</div>

[[Kategorie:Ort in Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Kategorie:Königswinter|!]]

[[en:Königswinter]]
[[nl:Königswinter]]
[[no:Königswinter]]

Königswinter

2006-04-25T00:27:54Z

64.12.117.9: /* Bildung */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width:307px; background:#e3e3e3; margin-left:1em; border-spacing:1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"
| width="145"|[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|140px|right|Wappen von Königswinter]]
| width="145"|[[Bild:Lage der Stadt Königswinter in Deutschland.png|140px|Karte von Deutschland, Königswinter hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]:||[[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]:||[[Regierungsbezirk Köln|Köln]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis|Kreis]]:||[[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: ||76,19 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: ||43.678 ''(Dezember 2005)''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: ||573 Einwohner/km²
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 74 - 461 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: ||53639
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahlen]]: ||02223 und 02244
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: ||{{Koordinate Text Artikel|50_41_N_7_11_E_type:city(43530)_region:DE-NW|50° 41′ n. Br., 7° 11′ ö. L.}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: ||<tt>SU</tt>
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Gliederung des Stadtgebiets:||ca. 50 Stadtteile
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Amtlicher Gemeindeschlüssel|Gemeindekennzahl]]:||05 3 82 024
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Adresse der Stadtverwaltung:||Drachenfelsstraße 9-11 53639 Königswinter
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Website: || [http://www.koenigswinter.de Stadt Königswinter]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: ||[mailto:stadtverwaltung@koenigswinter.de Stadtverwaltung]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Bürgermeister: ||Peter Wirtz ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
|}

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_vom_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Drachenfels aus, [[Post Tower]] und [[Langer Eugen]] im Hintergrund]][[Bild:Sankt_Remigius_Koenigswinter_1850.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Litographie von St. Remigius (August Karstein, 1850)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Sankt Remigius.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eingangsseite von St. Remigius (2005)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Rhein aus, [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Weinlokal_Bellinghausen_Koenigswinter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|„Weinrestaurant Bellinghausen“ vom Rhein aus (1899), [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Rathaus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Altes Rathaus Königswinter mit dem bis 1969 gültigen Wappen]]

'''Königswinter''' ist eine Stadt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] mit über 40.000 Einwohnern, auf der östlichen Rheinseite gegenüber der Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] gelegen. Überregional bekannt geworden ist sie durch das Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]], das aufgrund der Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn gelegentlich als Schauplatz für bedeutende internationale Kongresse und Konferenzen dient.

== Geografie ==
=== Geografische Lage ===

Die Stadt liegt am [[Rhein]] zwischen [[Bad Honnef]] und Bonn-[[Beuel]] am Fuße des [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberges]] und bietet außerdem Zugang zu Deutschlands meistbestiegenem Berg, dem [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]]. Dieser hat mit der Burgruine aus dem [[12. Jahrhundert]], unterstützt durch die seit [[1883]] betriebene Zahnradbahn ([[Drachenfelsbahn]]) zu seinen Höhen hinauf, Königswinters Namen als Fremdenverkehrsort entscheidend mitgeprägt. Beide Berge gehören zum Naturpark [[Siebengebirge]]. Der [[Rheinsteig]], der neue rechtsrheinische Wanderweg führt von Bonn über den Drachenfels nach Wiesbaden.
Die Hänge der Berge in Königswinter und [[Oberdollendorf]] werden seit jeher zum [[Weinanbau]] genutzt. Der Ortskern von Königwinter befindet sich auf 50,683° [[Breitengrad|nördlicher Breite]] und 7,183° [[Längengrad|östlicher Länge]] in einer [[Höhe]] von 74 Metern über dem [[Normalnull|mittleren Meeresspiegel]]. Der höchste Punkt im Stadtgebiet Königswinter liegt bei 461 Metern über NN auf dem Großen [[Oelberg]]. Dieser Punkt ist gleichzeitig der höchste Punkt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]].



=== Stadtgliederung ===

Das Stadtgebiet Königswinters streckt sich auf eine Fläche von 76,19 Quadratkilometern aus und besitzt damit die viertgrößte Ausdehnung im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Es gliedert sich in einen Berg- und Talbereich mit 52 Ortsteilen:

Altstadt, Bennerscheid, Berghausen, [[Bockeroth]], Boseroth, Dahlhausen, [[Düferoth]], Döttscheid, Eisbach, Eudenbach, Faulenbitze, Gratzfeld, Gräfenhohn, Hartenberg, [[Heisterbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], Hühnerberg, Hüscheid, [[Ittenbach]], Kochenbach, Komp, Kotthausen, Lahr, Margarethenhöhe, Niederbuchholz, [[Niederdollendorf]], Niederscheuren, Nonnenberg, [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]], Oberscheuren, Oelinghoven, Perlenhardt, Pleiserhohn, Pützstück, Quirrenbach, Rauschendorf, Ruttscheid, Rübhausen, Römlinghoven, Sand, Sandscheid, Sassenberg, Siefen, [[Stieldorf]], Stieldorferhohn, [[Thomasberg (Siebengebirge)|Thomasberg]], [[Uthweiler]], Vinxel, Wahlfeld, Weiler, Willmeroth. 
14 Ortsteile in der Bergregion werden auch mit der inoffiziellen Bezeichnung [[Oberhau]] zusammengefasst.

=== Nachbarstädte und -gemeinden ===

Folgende Städte und Gemeinden grenzen an die Stadt Königswinter. Sie werden im Uhrzeigersinn, im Norden beginnend, genannt:

[[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Beuel|Stadtbezirk Beuel]]), [[Sankt Augustin|Stadt Sankt Augustin]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Hennef (Sieg)|Stadt Hennef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Buchholz|Gemeinde Buchholz]] ([[Asbach (Westerwald)|Verbandsgemeinde Asbach]], [[Landkreis Neuwied]]), [[Bad Honnef|Stadt Bad Honnef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Bad Godesberg|Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg]]).

=== Klima ===

Das Königswinterer Klima ist im Bundesvergleich mild. Die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur (Mittel 1971-2000) liegt bei 10,9 Grad Celsius, wobei es bedeutende Schwankungen zwischen der Tal- und Berglage gibt. Nach Prognosen des Potsdamer Institut für Klimafolgenforschung wird die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur, errechnet aus den Jahren 2001-2030, 11,9 Grad Celsius betragen, zudem werde die Vegetationsperiode länger.

== Geschichte ==

=== Allgemein ===

Königswinter wurde im Jahr [[1015]] erstmalig als ''Winetre'' erwähnt. [[Heinrich II. (HRR)|Kaiser Heinrich II.]] schenkte dem Bonner Frauenstift Dietkirchen ein Gut, das ihm Graf Wilhelm und dessen Bruder Boppo in dem im [[Auelgau]] gelegenen Ort Winetre überlassen hatten. Es gibt jedoch Funde (so z. B. in Form eines Grabsteines bei [[Oberdollendorf]]), die auf das Jahr [[680]] n. Chr. zurückdatiert werden. Somit gab es zu dieser Zeit vermutlich schon Bewohner in der Region. Die Stadt hat als bekannter [[Fremdenverkehr]]sort eine langjährige Tradition.
Im Mittelalter gehörte Königswinter zum kurkölnischen Amt Wolkenburg, welches die beiden Burgen Drachenfels und Wolkenburg sowie die Orte Königswinter und Ittenbach umfasste. Obwohl Königswinter eine Stadtmauer und damit eines der für eine Stadt typischen Merkmale hatte, besaß der Ort kein Stadtrecht, so dass er als sogenannter [[Flecken (Ort)|Flecken]] anzusehen war. [[1689]] brannten fast alle Gebäude ab, weil französische Soldaten Königswinter plündern wollten.

Nach der [[Säkularisierung]] des Erzstiftes 1803 fiel Königswinter an das [[Herzogtum Nassau|Fürstentum Nassau-Usingen]], 1806 an das [[Herzogtum Berg|Großherzogtum Berg]] und schließlich 1815 an das Königreich [[Preußen]].

Königswinter erhielt 1889 die [[Stadtrechte]].
Bei der kommunalen Neuordnung im Jahre 1969 entstand die neue Stadt Königswinter aus der Stadt Königswinter, der Gemeinde Ittenbach aus dem ehemaligen Amt Königswinter, den Gemeinden Oberpleis und Stieldorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberpleis, und den Gemeinden Heisterbacherrott, Niederdollendorf und Oberdollendorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberkassel.
Die Tagungen auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn| Petersberg]] ([[Afghanistan-Konferenz]]) haben den Namen der Stadt in alle Welt getragen.
Der Name ''Königswinter'' entstand, nachdem [[Karl der Große]] am Drachenfels eine Weindomäne erwarb, und Königswinter somit ein königlicher Winzerort (lat: ''Vinitiorium'') wurde.
Der Drachenfels erlangte vor allem durch [[Richard Wagner| Richard Wagners]] Version der [[Nibelungensage]] internationale Berühmtheit. Hier erschlug [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfried]] den legendären Drachen und badete anschließend in dessen Blut, um sich unverwundbar zu machen. Jedoch verdeckte ein Lindenblatt eine Stelle zwischen seinen Schulterblättern, was ihm später zum Verhängnis wurde. Somit besiegelte sich [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfrieds]] Schicksal in Königswinter am Rhein.

=== Petersberg ===

''Hauptartikel: [[Petersberg bei Bonn]]''

Das Gästehaus auf dem Petersberg war nach der Ansiedlung der Bundesregierung in Bonn zur Residenz der Staatsgäste geworden. Dort wurde 1949 auch das [[Petersberger Abkommen]] unterzeichnet, das Königswinter einen Platz in den Geschichtsbüchern sicherte. Nach einer zwischenzeitlichen Schließung erwarb der Bund 1979 das Gebäude und ließ es von 1985 bis 1990 aufwändig umbauen. Dort werden gelegentlich bedeutende internationale Konferenzen, wie 2001 und 2002 die [[Afghanistan-Konferenz]] ausgerichtet. Bei Bedarf wird dann die Zufahrtsstraße gesperrt. Durch die Brisanz der Tagungen in dem bundeseigenen Gebäude wurde der Name der Stadt international bekannt. Das 5-Sterne-Hotel auf dem Berg wird außerhalb der Nutzung für größere Tagungen auch privat genutzt.


=== Eingemeindungen ===

Im Zuge der [[Gebietsreform]] wurden 1969 die Gemeinden [[Ittenbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], [[Niederdollendorf]], [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]] und [[Stieldorf]] mit dem Stadtkern Königswinters zusammengelegt.

=== Einwohnerentwicklung ===

[[Bild:Petersberg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Petersberg mit Bundesgästehaus]]
In den vergangen Jahren stieg die Einwohnerzahl Königswinters wie im gesamten Rhein-Sieg-Kreis stark an, 2003 lag die Bevölkerung um 9,1 Prozent höher als 1996. Nach einer Prognose der [[Bertelsmann-Stiftung]] soll sich diese Entwicklung fortsetzen, sie rechnet mit einer Zunahme bis 2020 um 8,1 Prozent. Das Wachstum ist hauptsächlich durch die Ausweisung einer wachsenden Zahl von Baugebieten im Bergbereich bedingt, wobei Nachbarstädte Königswinter vorwerfen, durch starkes Wachstum in unzureichend erschlossenen Gebieten in der ganzen Region Verkehrsprobleme zu schaffen und [[Zersiedelung]] zu betreiben.

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Jahr'''
|'''Einwohner'''
|----
|1987
|33.783
|----
|1990
|35.013
|----
|1992
|35.916
|----
|1995
|37.341
|----
|2003
|40.356
|----
|2005
|41.440
|}

== Politik ==

=== Gemeinderat ===

Die 40 Sitze des Gemeinderat verteilen sich wie folgt:
*[[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] 21 Sitze
*[[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] 10 Sitze
*[[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|Grüne]] 5 Sitze
*[[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] 4 Sitze



(Stand: [[Kommunalwahl]] am [[26. September]] [[2004]])

=== Bürgermeister ===

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Zeitraum'''
|'''Bürgermeister'''
|----
|1808-1814
|Clemens August Freiherr von Schall
|----
|1814-1835
|Clemens August Schäfer
|----
|1835-1841
|Georg Karl Bülle
|----
|1841-1890
|[[August Mirbach]]
|----
|1890-1909
|Fritz Kreitz
|----
|1909-1933
|Josef Clever
|----
|1933
|kom. Dr. Ludwig Buttlar
|----
|1933-1938
|Heinrich Lorenz
|----
|1938-1944
|August Müller
|----
|1944-1945
|Paul Wilhelm Müller
|----
|1945
|Jakob Mehlkop
|----
|1945-1949
|Dr. Peter Liedgens
|----
|1949-1952
|Wilhelm Kirfel
|----
|1952-1956
|Wilhelm Peerenboom
|----
|1956-1961
|Heinrich Reingen
|----
|1961-1969
|Dr. Richard Faßbender
|----
|1969-1990
|Günther Hank
|----
|1990-1999
|Herbert Krämer
|----
|1999-
|Peter Wirtz
|}

=== Wappen ===

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|right|60px|Wappen von Königswinter]]
Das Wappen zeigt die Stadtmauern von Königswinter. Das Kreuz symbolisiert die ehemalige Zugehörigkeit zum Kurfürstentum [[Köln]], der Löwe ist Symbol des [[Herzogtum Berg|Herzogtums Berg]], dem große Teile Königswinters angehörten. Das Wappen in seiner jetzigen Forum wurde offiziell am [[6. Juni]] [[1972]] vom damaligen Kölner [[Regierungspräsident]]en zum Königswinterer Stadtwappen erklärt.

=== Städtepartnerschaften ===

* [[Bild:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[North East Lincolnshire]] in England (früher: [[Cleethorpes]])
* [[Bild:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Cognac]] (Frankreich)

== Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten ==

=== Museen ===

[[Bild:Besucher-Zentrum, Tourist-Information, Bahnhof Drachenfelsbahn.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Besucher-Zentrum und Tourist-Information des Bahnhofes der Drachenfelsbahn]]
* [[Siebengebirgsmuseum]]
* [http://www.reptilien-zoo-koenigswinter.de Nibelungenhalle mit Reptilien-Zoo]
* [http://www.brueckenhofmuseum.de Das Brückenhofmuseum in Oberdollendorf]
* [[Sea Life Königswinter]]



=== Bauwerke ===

* [[Kloster Heisterbach]] (mit Chorruine)
* [http://www.hausschlesien.de Haus Schlesien]
* [[Schloss Drachenburg]]
* [[Ofenkaulen]] (Stollensystem)


=== Naturdenkmäler ===

Königswinter liegt am und im [[Siebengebirge]], dem ältesten Naturschutzgebiet in Deutschland.

Der nahe Heisterbacherrott gelegene Weilberg ist als Steinbruch genutzt worden. Dank dieser Nutzung kann hier die Erdgeschichte etwa 30 Millionen Jahre zurückverfolgt werden.


=== Regelmäßige Veranstaltungen ===
* [[Rhein in Flammen]]: am 1. Samstag im Mai. Großfeuerwerke und Schiffsrundfahrt von [[Linz am Rhein]] entlang [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], Rheininsel Nonnenwerth bei [[Bad Honnef]], [[Bad Godesberg]], Königswinter zur Bonner [[Rheinaue (Bonn)|Rheinaue]] bei [[Bonn]].
* Maifest in Oelinghoven (1. Mai)
* Pfingstkirmes in Römlinghoven
* Jassekirmes in Niederdollendorf (Fronleichnam)
* Kinderfest in Oelinghoven (Juni)
* Kirmes in Oberdollendorf (St. Laurentius, August)
* Weiherfest in Heisterbacherrott (August)
* Kirmes in Niederdollendorf (St. Michael, September)
* Erntedankfest in Oelinghoven (Ende August/Anfang September)
* Erntedankfest in Vinxel (September)
* Winzerfest (immer am ersten Wochenende im Oktober)
* Schützenfest (St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaften, alle zwei Jahre im Mai-2006)


== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==

=== Verkehr ===

==== Straßenverkehr ====

Die Tallage von Königswinter ist mit den Anschlussstellen ''Königswinter'' und ''Königswinter-Oberdollendorf'' über die vierstreifige [[Bundesstraße]] [[Bundesstraße 42|B 42]] angebunden und verfügt damit über eine direkte Verbindung zur angrenzenden Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] und über die sich anschließende Flughafenautobahn [[Bundesautobahn 59|A 59]] nach [[Köln]]. Die südliche Nachbarstadt [[Bad Honnef]] wird ebenfalls über die Bundesstraße erreicht, die danach in Richtung [[Unkel]] zweispurig ausgebaut ist.
[[Bild:Brücke Königswinter Petersberg 2.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Brücke der Landesstraße 331 mit Anschlussstelle zur B 42 und Blick auf Petersberg]]

Im Bergbereich gibt es einen direkten Zugang zur sechsspurigen [[Bundesautobahn 3|A 3]] über die Anschlussstelle ''Siebengebirge (Nr. 33)''. Man erreicht sie vom Talbereich über die [[Landesstraße 331 (Nordrhein-Westfalen)|Landesstraße 331]] (Stadtkern) und über die Landesstraße 268 (Oberdollendorf), die durch das [[Siebengebirge]] führen.

Die Autofähren im Bereich der Altstadt und in [[Niederdollendorf]] ermöglichen das Übersetzen nach Bonn-[[Mehlem]] bzw. Bonn-[[Bad Godesberg]]. [[Bild:Anfang Tunnel Oberdollendorf.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Beginn des Tunnels Oberdollendorf mit davorliegender Stadtbahnhaltestelle]]

==== Schienen- und Busverkehr ====

===== Eisenbahn =====

Die [[Deutsche Bahn]] hat im Stadtgebiet zwei Bahnhöfe, einen am Rand der Altstadt von Königswinter und einen weiteren in Niederdollendorf. Beide werden von den im Halbstunden-Takt verkehrenden Regionalverkehrslinien RE 8 (Rhein-Erft-Express) und RB 27 (Rhein-Erft-Bahn) bedient, die Richtung [[Köln]] und [[Koblenz]] fahren. Seit Juni 2004 ist Königswinter über die Linie RE 8 mit neugebautem Schloss-Röttgen-Tunnel und Bahnhof auch an den [[Flughafen Köln/Bonn]] angebunden.

===== Stadtbahn =====

Die [[Stadtbahn Bonn#Siebengebirgsbahn|Stadtbahnlinie 66]] („Telekom-Express“) der [[Elektrische Bahnen der Stadt Bonn und des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises|SSB]] fährt Richtung [[Bad Honnef]] bzw. [[Siegburg]] über [[Bonn]] und [[Sankt Augustin]]. Die Trasse führt im Altstadtbereich am Rheinufer vorbei und befindet sich in Oberdollendorf im Tunnel; auf Stadtgebiet von Königswinter befinden sich dabei sechs Haltestellen. Die Linie verkehrt im 20-Minuten-Takt, im Berufsverkehr wird sie teilweise auf einen 10-Minuten-Takt verdichtet, der weiter nördlich auf der Strecke [[Ramersdorf (Bonn)|Ramersdorf]]—[[Bonn Hauptbahnhof]]—[[Siegburg]] auch außerhalb des Berufsverkehrs gefahren wird.

===== Bus =====

Während die Tallagen durch die Stadtbahn für den öffentlichen Nahverkehr erschlossen sind, wird die Verbindung in die Berglagen durch drei Buslinien mit unregelmäßigen Fahrten und wechselnden Linienwegen dargestellt.

Die Linie 520 fährt von der Haltstelle Clemens-August-Straße nach [[Ittenbach]] und [[Oberpleis]]. Von dort geht die Fahrt nach [[Oberdollendorf]] und zurück zur Haltestelle in Königswinter.

Die Linie 521 fährt die Gegenrichtung der Buslinie 520.

Die Linie 525 fährt vom Oberpleiser Busbahnhof nach [[Hennef (Sieg)|Hennef]].

==== Verkehrsverbund ====

Königswinter gehört dem [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg]] (VRS) an.

==== Fahrrad ====

An Rheinpromenade (Altstadt) und -ufer entlang führen besonders im Sommer häufig genutzte und ausgebaute Rad- und Fußwege in Richtung Bonn, das als fahrradfreundlichste Stadt Nordrhein-Westfalens ausgezeichnet wurde. Zum Süden hin sind die Radwege noch bis Erpel in unmittelbarer Rheinnähe, im weiteren Verlauf führen sie dem Berg zugewandt neben der B 42 entlang.

=== Einzelhandel ===

Der Einzelhandel ist bis auf die östlichsten Gebiete relativ gleichmäßig auf die Stadt verteilt, es existieren zahlreiche Lebensmittelläden und Discounter. In Niederdollendorf ist ein Einkaufszentrum mit einem Baumarkt entstanden. Ein Schwerpunkt des Einzelhandels sowie des Tourismus bildet die Altstadt und die Rheinpromenade. Dort wurde im Dezember 2005 ein neues [[Sea Life Königswinter|Sea Life-Aquarium]] eröffnet, das viele Besucher anzieht und von dem auch die übrigen Geschäfte profitieren.
[[Bild:Kanalbauarbeiten in Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bevorstehende Altstadtsanierung]]

=== Tourismus ===

Königswinter ist mit dem Siebengebirge, das neben dem [[Kottenforst]] wichtigstes Fremdenverkehrsziel und Naherholungsraum für die Bewohner der Region Bonn Rhein-Sieg und auch überregional Bedeutung hat, ein beliebter Tourismusort. Mit [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]], [[Oelberg]] und [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]] liegen auf Stadtgebiet neben [[Bad Honnef]] mit der [[Löwenburg (Siebengebirge)|Löwenburg]] die touristisch wertvollsten Berge des Naturparks. Die Rheinpromenade ist im Sommer hochfrequentiert, weshalb es dort viel Gastronomie gibt. Auch das neue Sea Life Center ist dort wichtiger Bestandteil des Tourismus geworden. Voraussichtlich bis 2007 wird das [[Schloss Drachenburg]] saniert, das einen Haltepunkt an der [[Drachenfelsbahn]] hat.

=== Ansässige Unternehmen ===

Zu den bedeutendsten Unternehmen in Königswinters gehören:

* [http://www.hayes-lemmerz.com/ Hayes Lemmerz] - Felgen-Hersteller (Altstadt und Niederdollendorf)
Die Firma Hayes Lemmerz beschäftigt am Standort Königswinter ca. 700 Mitarbeiter und nimmt einen großen Teil des Stadtgebiets in der Tallage ein und ist die bedeutendste Firma in der Stadt.
* [http://www.heel-verlag.de/ Heel Verlag] - Gut Pottscheidt bei Königswinter
* [http://www.jass-baubedarf.de/ Jass Baubedarf GmbH & Co. KG] - Baustoffe (Altstadt)
* [http://www.brune.de Brune GmbH] - Möbelfabrik in Königswinter-Oberpleis
* [http://www.zera.de/pag_d/start_d.html Zera GmbH] - Zählerprüfeinrichtungen
* [http://www.didier.de/internet/de/corpsvc/didier/default.html RHI Didier] - Feuerfestmaterialien (Niederdollendorf)
* [http://www.twintec.de Twin-Tec GmbH] - Hersteller für Rußfilter und Katalysatoren
[[Bild:Sea Life Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Außenansicht des Sea Life Königswinter]]

=== Vereinigungen, Verbände und sonstige Körperschaften ===

Aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn sind in Königswinter zahlreiche Verbände und Gesellschaften ansässig, darunter:

* Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (AZK)
* Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufstätiger Frauen in der Christlich-Demokratischen Arbeitnehmerschaft
* Bundesverband höherer Berufe der Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung e. V.
* Bundesverband staatlich geprüfter Techniker e. V.
* [[Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft|Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft Deutschlands]] (CDA)
* [[Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft|Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft e. V.]]
* Deutsch-Usbekische Gesellschaft e. V.
* [[dbb beamtenbund und tarifunion|Deutscher Beamtenbund]], Bildungszentrum „Forum Siebengebirge“
* Europäisches Zentrum für Arbeitnehmerfragen
* Gästehaus der Verfassungsorgane der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]])
* Landsmannschaft Schlesien, Nieder- und Oberschlesien e. V.
* Sach- und Haftpflichtversicherung des Bäckerhandwerks VVaG
* Stiftung Christlich-Soziale Politik e. V.
* Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft e. V.
* Verband der Redenschreiber deutscher Sprache e. V.
* Verband Deutscher Sicherheitstechniker e. V.

Von 1984-[[1999]] war der „Margarethenhof“ im Stadtteil Margarethenhöhe Sitz der [[Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung]], einer der [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] nahen Stiftung.

=== Medien ===

* 1873-1941 Echo des Siebengebirges
* 1963-2004 Siebengebirgszeitung
* 1996-1998 Königswinterer Zeitung
* [[General-Anzeiger (Bonn)|General-Anzeiger]] mit Lokalausgabe „Honnefer Volkszeitung“

Der weithin sichtbare Sendemast auf dem Königswinterer Oelberg versorgt die Siebengebirgsregion und die Bundesstadt Bonn mit Radioprogrammen sowie Mobilfunkantennen. Seit 2004 strahlt der Sendemast auf dem Bonner [[Venusberg (Bonn)|Venusberg]] das digitale Antennenfernsehen [[DVB-T]] aus.



=== Bildung ===

* Grundschule Königswinter (Johann-Lemmerz-Grundschule)
* Grundschule Niederdollendorf (Longenburgschule)
* Grundschule Oberdollendorf
* [http://www.Stenzelbergschule.de Grundschule Heisterbacherrott (Stenzelbergschule)]
* Grundschule Stieldorf
* [http://www.ittenbach-online.de/schule/ Grundschule Ittenbach]
* Grundschule Oberpleis
* Grundschule Eudenbach
* Sonderschule für Lernbehinderte (Drachenfelsschule)

Weiterführende Schulen

* [http://www.ghs-oberpleis.de/ Hauptschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.realschule-oberpleis.de/ Realschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.gymnasium-am-oelberg.de Städtisches Gymnasium am Oelberg / Oberpleis]
* [[CJD Jugenddorf-Christophorusschule Königswinter]] (privates Gymnasium mit Realschule und [[Internat]])

Sonstige

* [http://www.vhs-siebengebirge.de/ VHS Siebengebirge]
* Musikschule der Stadt Königswinter
* [http://www.sksk.de/ Studienhaus für keltische Sprachen und Kulturen]

* [http://www.cms.azk.de / Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (Bildungswerk)]

== Öffentliche Einrichtungen ==

=== Gericht ===

In Königswinter hat ein Amtsgericht seinen Sitz. Es gehört zum Bezirk des Landgerichtes Bonn

=== Post ===

Im Bereich der Stadt Königswinter gibt es heute nur noch [[Postagentur]]en. Sie befinden sich im den Stadtteilen Altstadt, Berghausen, Ittenbach, Oberdollendorf, Oberpleis, Stieldorf und Thomasberg.

=== Arbeitsamt ===

Die früher in Königswinter-Altstadt gelegene Außenstelle der [[Arbeitsagentur]] befindet sich heute im Ortsteil Oberdollendorf.

== Persönlichkeiten ==

=== Ehrenbürger ===

* 1890: [[August Mirbach]] (Bürgermeister von [[1841]] bis [[1890]])
* 1911: Hermann Beckmann
* 1911: Oswald Gilgenberg
* 1922: [[Ferdinand Mülhens]] ([[4711]])
* 1946: Heinrich Nachtsheim
* 1950: [[Johann Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1957: [[Paul Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1969: Luise Streve-Mülhens
* 1990: Prof. [[Eduard Rhein]] (Erfinder, Schriftsteller,...)

=== Söhne und Töchter der Stadt ===

d. h. Personen, die hier geboren sind

*[[Franz Ittenbach]] (1813-1879) Maler
*[[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]] (1816-1873) Dichter
* Karl Spindler (1887-1951) Seekapitän
*[[Peter Buchholz]] Gefängnispfarrer in Berlin
*[[Eduard Rhein]] (1900-1993) Erfinder, Schriftsteller
*[[Karl Lamers]] (*1935) Politiker
*[[Michael Opielka]] (*1956)
*[[Horst Heldt]] (*1969) Fußballer

=== Persönlichkeiten, die mit der Stadt in Verbindung stehen ===

* [[Egon Bahr]] (*[[1922]] [[Treffurt]]/[[Werra]]), Politiker
* [[Ernemann Sander]] (*[[1925]] [[Leipzig]]), Künstler
* Burkhard Mohr (*[[1959]] [[Köln]]), Künstler
* Manfred Weber (*1942 [[Bonn]]) , Anti-Gewerkschaftler
* [[Peter Hintze]] (*[[1960]] [[Bad Honnef]]), Pastor der evangelischen Gemeinde von 1980 bis 1983

== Literatur ==

*Dorothea F. Voigtländer, ''Geschichte und Geschichten vom Rhein - Vom Drachenfels zum Kaiserberg'', Bad Honnef 2. Aufl. 2004, ISBN 3-87066-381-2
* Denkmäler im Rheinland, ''Stadt Königswinter'', ISBN 3-7927-1200-8, Köln 1992
* Herbert Menden, ''Königswinter in alten Ansichten'', ISBN 90-288-1305-5
* Bruno P. Kremer, ''Das Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-87909-770-4, 2002
* Karl Josef Klöhs, ''Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-00-012113-7, Königswinter 2003

== Weblinks ==

* [http://www.koenigswinter.de/ Website der Stadt Königswinter]
* [http://www.meinestadt.de/koenigswinter/home Stadtführer Königswinter]

 
<div class="BoxenVerschmelzen">
{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis}}
{{Navigationsleiste Nibelungenstädte}}
</div>

[[Kategorie:Ort in Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Kategorie:Königswinter|!]]

[[en:Königswinter]]
[[nl:Königswinter]]
[[no:Königswinter]]

Königswinter

2006-04-24T23:36:12Z

64.12.117.9: /* Eingemeindungen */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width:307px; background:#e3e3e3; margin-left:1em; border-spacing:1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"
| width="145"|[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|140px|right|Wappen von Königswinter]]
| width="145"|[[Bild:Lage der Stadt Königswinter in Deutschland.png|140px|Karte von Deutschland, Königswinter hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]:||[[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]:||[[Regierungsbezirk Köln|Köln]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis|Kreis]]:||[[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: ||76,19 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: ||43.678 ''(Dezember 2005)''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: ||573 Einwohner/km²
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 74 - 461 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: ||53639
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahlen]]: ||02223 und 02244
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: ||{{Koordinate Text Artikel|50_41_N_7_11_E_type:city(43530)_region:DE-NW|50° 41′ n. Br., 7° 11′ ö. L.}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: ||<tt>SU</tt>
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Gliederung des Stadtgebiets:||ca. 50 Stadtteile
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Amtlicher Gemeindeschlüssel|Gemeindekennzahl]]:||05 3 82 024
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Adresse der Stadtverwaltung:||Drachenfelsstraße 9-11 53639 Königswinter
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Website: || [http://www.koenigswinter.de Stadt Königswinter]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: ||[mailto:stadtverwaltung@koenigswinter.de Stadtverwaltung]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Bürgermeister: ||Peter Wirtz ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
|}

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_vom_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Drachenfels aus, [[Post Tower]] und [[Langer Eugen]] im Hintergrund]][[Bild:Sankt_Remigius_Koenigswinter_1850.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Litographie von St. Remigius (August Karstein, 1850)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Sankt Remigius.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eingangsseite von St. Remigius (2005)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Rhein aus, [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Weinlokal_Bellinghausen_Koenigswinter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|„Weinrestaurant Bellinghausen“ vom Rhein aus (1899), [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Rathaus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Altes Rathaus Königswinter mit dem bis 1969 gültigen Wappen]]

'''Königswinter''' ist eine Stadt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] mit über 40.000 Einwohnern, auf der östlichen Rheinseite gegenüber der Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] gelegen. Überregional bekannt geworden ist sie durch das Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]], das aufgrund der Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn gelegentlich als Schauplatz für bedeutende internationale Kongresse und Konferenzen dient.

== Geografie ==
=== Geografische Lage ===

Die Stadt liegt am [[Rhein]] zwischen [[Bad Honnef]] und Bonn-[[Beuel]] am Fuße des [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberges]] und bietet außerdem Zugang zu Deutschlands meistbestiegenem Berg, dem [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]]. Dieser hat mit der Burgruine aus dem [[12. Jahrhundert]], unterstützt durch die seit [[1883]] betriebene Zahnradbahn ([[Drachenfelsbahn]]) zu seinen Höhen hinauf, Königswinters Namen als Fremdenverkehrsort entscheidend mitgeprägt. Beide Berge gehören zum Naturpark [[Siebengebirge]]. Der [[Rheinsteig]], der neue rechtsrheinische Wanderweg führt von Bonn über den Drachenfels nach Wiesbaden.
Die Hänge der Berge in Königswinter und [[Oberdollendorf]] werden seit jeher zum [[Weinanbau]] genutzt. Der Ortskern von Königwinter befindet sich auf 50,683° [[Breitengrad|nördlicher Breite]] und 7,183° [[Längengrad|östlicher Länge]] in einer [[Höhe]] von 74 Metern über dem [[Normalnull|mittleren Meeresspiegel]]. Der höchste Punkt im Stadtgebiet Königswinter liegt bei 461 Metern über NN auf dem Großen [[Oelberg]]. Dieser Punkt ist gleichzeitig der höchste Punkt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]].



=== Stadtgliederung ===

Das Stadtgebiet Königswinters streckt sich auf eine Fläche von 76,19 Quadratkilometern aus und besitzt damit die viertgrößte Ausdehnung im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Es gliedert sich in einen Berg- und Talbereich mit 52 Ortsteilen:

Altstadt, Bennerscheid, Berghausen, [[Bockeroth]], Boseroth, Dahlhausen, [[Düferoth]], Döttscheid, Eisbach, Eudenbach, Faulenbitze, Gratzfeld, Gräfenhohn, Hartenberg, [[Heisterbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], Hühnerberg, Hüscheid, [[Ittenbach]], Kochenbach, Komp, Kotthausen, Lahr, Margarethenhöhe, Niederbuchholz, [[Niederdollendorf]], Niederscheuren, Nonnenberg, [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]], Oberscheuren, Oelinghoven, Perlenhardt, Pleiserhohn, Pützstück, Quirrenbach, Rauschendorf, Ruttscheid, Rübhausen, Römlinghoven, Sand, Sandscheid, Sassenberg, Siefen, [[Stieldorf]], Stieldorferhohn, [[Thomasberg (Siebengebirge)|Thomasberg]], [[Uthweiler]], Vinxel, Wahlfeld, Weiler, Willmeroth. 
14 Ortsteile in der Bergregion werden auch mit der inoffiziellen Bezeichnung [[Oberhau]] zusammengefasst.

=== Nachbarstädte und -gemeinden ===

Folgende Städte und Gemeinden grenzen an die Stadt Königswinter. Sie werden im Uhrzeigersinn, im Norden beginnend, genannt:

[[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Beuel|Stadtbezirk Beuel]]), [[Sankt Augustin|Stadt Sankt Augustin]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Hennef (Sieg)|Stadt Hennef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Buchholz|Gemeinde Buchholz]] ([[Asbach (Westerwald)|Verbandsgemeinde Asbach]], [[Landkreis Neuwied]]), [[Bad Honnef|Stadt Bad Honnef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Bad Godesberg|Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg]]).

=== Klima ===

Das Königswinterer Klima ist im Bundesvergleich mild. Die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur (Mittel 1971-2000) liegt bei 10,9 Grad Celsius, wobei es bedeutende Schwankungen zwischen der Tal- und Berglage gibt. Nach Prognosen des Potsdamer Institut für Klimafolgenforschung wird die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur, errechnet aus den Jahren 2001-2030, 11,9 Grad Celsius betragen, zudem werde die Vegetationsperiode länger.

== Geschichte ==

=== Allgemein ===

Königswinter wurde im Jahr [[1015]] erstmalig als ''Winetre'' erwähnt. [[Heinrich II. (HRR)|Kaiser Heinrich II.]] schenkte dem Bonner Frauenstift Dietkirchen ein Gut, das ihm Graf Wilhelm und dessen Bruder Boppo in dem im [[Auelgau]] gelegenen Ort Winetre überlassen hatten. Es gibt jedoch Funde (so z. B. in Form eines Grabsteines bei [[Oberdollendorf]]), die auf das Jahr [[680]] n. Chr. zurückdatiert werden. Somit gab es zu dieser Zeit vermutlich schon Bewohner in der Region. Die Stadt hat als bekannter [[Fremdenverkehr]]sort eine langjährige Tradition.
Im Mittelalter gehörte Königswinter zum kurkölnischen Amt Wolkenburg, welches die beiden Burgen Drachenfels und Wolkenburg sowie die Orte Königswinter und Ittenbach umfasste. Obwohl Königswinter eine Stadtmauer und damit eines der für eine Stadt typischen Merkmale hatte, besaß der Ort kein Stadtrecht, so dass er als sogenannter [[Flecken (Ort)|Flecken]] anzusehen war. [[1689]] brannten fast alle Gebäude ab, weil französische Soldaten Königswinter plündern wollten.

Nach der [[Säkularisierung]] des Erzstiftes 1803 fiel Königswinter an das [[Herzogtum Nassau|Fürstentum Nassau-Usingen]], 1806 an das [[Herzogtum Berg|Großherzogtum Berg]] und schließlich 1815 an das Königreich [[Preußen]].

Königswinter erhielt 1889 die [[Stadtrechte]].
Bei der kommunalen Neuordnung im Jahre 1969 entstand die neue Stadt Königswinter aus der Stadt Königswinter, der Gemeinde Ittenbach aus dem ehemaligen Amt Königswinter, den Gemeinden Oberpleis und Stieldorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberpleis, und den Gemeinden Heisterbacherrott, Niederdollendorf und Oberdollendorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberkassel.
Die Tagungen auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn| Petersberg]] ([[Afghanistan-Konferenz]]) haben den Namen der Stadt in alle Welt getragen.
Der Name ''Königswinter'' entstand, nachdem [[Karl der Große]] am Drachenfels eine Weindomäne erwarb, und Königswinter somit ein königlicher Winzerort (lat: ''Vinitiorium'') wurde.
Der Drachenfels erlangte vor allem durch [[Richard Wagner| Richard Wagners]] Version der [[Nibelungensage]] internationale Berühmtheit. Hier erschlug [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfried]] den legendären Drachen und badete anschließend in dessen Blut, um sich unverwundbar zu machen. Jedoch verdeckte ein Lindenblatt eine Stelle zwischen seinen Schulterblättern, was ihm später zum Verhängnis wurde. Somit besiegelte sich [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfrieds]] Schicksal in Königswinter am Rhein.

=== Petersberg ===

''Hauptartikel: [[Petersberg bei Bonn]]''

Das Gästehaus auf dem Petersberg war nach der Ansiedlung der Bundesregierung in Bonn zur Residenz der Staatsgäste geworden. Dort wurde 1949 auch das [[Petersberger Abkommen]] unterzeichnet, das Königswinter einen Platz in den Geschichtsbüchern sicherte. Nach einer zwischenzeitlichen Schließung erwarb der Bund 1979 das Gebäude und ließ es von 1985 bis 1990 aufwändig umbauen. Dort werden gelegentlich bedeutende internationale Konferenzen, wie 2001 und 2002 die [[Afghanistan-Konferenz]] ausgerichtet. Bei Bedarf wird dann die Zufahrtsstraße gesperrt. Durch die Brisanz der Tagungen in dem bundeseigenen Gebäude wurde der Name der Stadt international bekannt. Das 5-Sterne-Hotel auf dem Berg wird außerhalb der Nutzung für größere Tagungen auch privat genutzt.


=== Eingemeindungen ===

Im Zuge der [[Gebietsreform]] wurden 1969 die Gemeinden [[Ittenbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], [[Niederdollendorf]], [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]] und [[Stieldorf]] mit dem Stadtkern Königswinters zusammengelegt.

=== Einwohnerentwicklung ===

[[Bild:Petersberg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Petersberg mit Bundesgästehaus]]
In den vergangen Jahren stieg die Einwohnerzahl Königswinters wie im gesamten Rhein-Sieg-Kreis stark an, 2003 lag die Bevölkerung um 9,1 Prozent höher als 1996. Nach einer Prognose der [[Bertelsmann-Stiftung]] soll sich diese Entwicklung fortsetzen, sie rechnet mit einer Zunahme bis 2020 um 8,1 Prozent. Das Wachstum ist hauptsächlich durch die Ausweisung einer wachsenden Zahl von Baugebieten im Bergbereich bedingt, wobei Nachbarstädte Königswinter vorwerfen, durch starkes Wachstum in unzureichend erschlossenen Gebieten in der ganzen Region Verkehrsprobleme zu schaffen und [[Zersiedelung]] zu betreiben.

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Jahr'''
|'''Einwohner'''
|----
|1987
|33.783
|----
|1990
|35.013
|----
|1992
|35.916
|----
|1995
|37.341
|----
|2003
|40.356
|----
|2005
|41.440
|}

== Politik ==

=== Gemeinderat ===

Die 40 Sitze des Gemeinderat verteilen sich wie folgt:
*[[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] 21 Sitze
*[[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] 10 Sitze
*[[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|Grüne]] 5 Sitze
*[[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] 4 Sitze



(Stand: [[Kommunalwahl]] am [[26. September]] [[2004]])

=== Bürgermeister ===

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Zeitraum'''
|'''Bürgermeister'''
|----
|1808-1814
|Clemens August Freiherr von Schall
|----
|1814-1835
|Clemens August Schäfer
|----
|1835-1841
|Georg Karl Bülle
|----
|1841-1890
|[[August Mirbach]]
|----
|1890-1909
|Fritz Kreitz
|----
|1909-1933
|Josef Clever
|----
|1933
|kom. Dr. Ludwig Buttlar
|----
|1933-1938
|Heinrich Lorenz
|----
|1938-1944
|August Müller
|----
|1944-1945
|Paul Wilhelm Müller
|----
|1945
|Jakob Mehlkop
|----
|1945-1949
|Dr. Peter Liedgens
|----
|1949-1952
|Wilhelm Kirfel
|----
|1952-1956
|Wilhelm Peerenboom
|----
|1956-1961
|Heinrich Reingen
|----
|1961-1969
|Dr. Richard Faßbender
|----
|1969-1990
|Günther Hank
|----
|1990-1999
|Herbert Krämer
|----
|1999-
|Peter Wirtz
|}

=== Wappen ===

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|right|60px|Wappen von Königswinter]]
Das Wappen zeigt die Stadtmauern von Königswinter. Das Kreuz symbolisiert die ehemalige Zugehörigkeit zum Kurfürstentum [[Köln]], der Löwe ist Symbol des [[Herzogtum Berg|Herzogtums Berg]], dem große Teile Königswinters angehörten. Das Wappen in seiner jetzigen Forum wurde offiziell am [[6. Juni]] [[1972]] vom damaligen Kölner [[Regierungspräsident]]en zum Königswinterer Stadtwappen erklärt.

=== Städtepartnerschaften ===

* [[Bild:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[North East Lincolnshire]] in England (früher: [[Cleethorpes]])
* [[Bild:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Cognac]] (Frankreich)

== Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten ==

=== Museen ===

[[Bild:Besucher-Zentrum, Tourist-Information, Bahnhof Drachenfelsbahn.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Besucher-Zentrum und Tourist-Information des Bahnhofes der Drachenfelsbahn]]
* [[Siebengebirgsmuseum]]
* [http://www.reptilien-zoo-koenigswinter.de Nibelungenhalle mit Reptilien-Zoo]
* [http://www.brueckenhofmuseum.de Das Brückenhofmuseum in Oberdollendorf]
* [[Sea Life Königswinter]]



=== Bauwerke ===

* [[Kloster Heisterbach]] (mit Chorruine)
* [http://www.hausschlesien.de Haus Schlesien]
* [[Schloss Drachenburg]]
* [[Ofenkaulen]] (Stollensystem)


=== Naturdenkmäler ===

Königswinter liegt am und im [[Siebengebirge]], dem ältesten Naturschutzgebiet in Deutschland.

Der nahe Heisterbacherrott gelegene Weilberg ist als Steinbruch genutzt worden. Dank dieser Nutzung kann hier die Erdgeschichte etwa 30 Millionen Jahre zurückverfolgt werden.


=== Regelmäßige Veranstaltungen ===
* [[Rhein in Flammen]]: am 1. Samstag im Mai. Großfeuerwerke und Schiffsrundfahrt von [[Linz am Rhein]] entlang [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], Rheininsel Nonnenwerth bei [[Bad Honnef]], [[Bad Godesberg]], Königswinter zur Bonner [[Rheinaue (Bonn)|Rheinaue]] bei [[Bonn]].
* Maifest in Oelinghoven (1. Mai)
* Pfingstkirmes in Römlinghoven
* Jassekirmes in Niederdollendorf (Fronleichnam)
* Kinderfest in Oelinghoven (Juni)
* Kirmes in Oberdollendorf (St. Laurentius, August)
* Weiherfest in Heisterbacherrott (August)
* Kirmes in Niederdollendorf (St. Michael, September)
* Erntedankfest in Oelinghoven (Ende August/Anfang September)
* Erntedankfest in Vinxel (September)
* Winzerfest (immer am ersten Wochenende im Oktober)
* Schützenfest (St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaften, alle zwei Jahre im Mai-2006)


== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==

=== Verkehr ===

==== Straßenverkehr ====

Die Tallage von Königswinter ist mit den Anschlussstellen ''Königswinter'' und ''Königswinter-Oberdollendorf'' über die vierstreifige [[Bundesstraße]] [[Bundesstraße 42|B 42]] angebunden und verfügt damit über eine direkte Verbindung zur angrenzenden Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] und über die sich anschließende Flughafenautobahn [[Bundesautobahn 59|A 59]] nach [[Köln]]. Die südliche Nachbarstadt [[Bad Honnef]] wird ebenfalls über die Bundesstraße erreicht, die danach in Richtung [[Unkel]] zweispurig ausgebaut ist.
[[Bild:Brücke Königswinter Petersberg 2.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Brücke der Landesstraße 331 mit Anschlussstelle zur B 42 und Blick auf Petersberg]]

Im Bergbereich gibt es einen direkten Zugang zur sechsspurigen [[Bundesautobahn 3|A 3]] über die Anschlussstelle ''Siebengebirge (Nr. 33)''. Man erreicht sie vom Talbereich über die [[Landesstraße 331 (Nordrhein-Westfalen)|Landesstraße 331]] (Stadtkern) und über die Landesstraße 268 (Oberdollendorf), die durch das [[Siebengebirge]] führen.

Die Autofähren im Bereich der Altstadt und in [[Niederdollendorf]] ermöglichen das Übersetzen nach Bonn-[[Mehlem]] bzw. Bonn-[[Bad Godesberg]]. [[Bild:Anfang Tunnel Oberdollendorf.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Beginn des Tunnels Oberdollendorf mit davorliegender Stadtbahnhaltestelle]]

==== Schienen- und Busverkehr ====

===== Eisenbahn =====

Die [[Deutsche Bahn]] hat im Stadtgebiet zwei Bahnhöfe, einen am Rand der Altstadt von Königswinter und einen weiteren in Niederdollendorf. Beide werden von den im Halbstunden-Takt verkehrenden Regionalverkehrslinien RE 8 (Rhein-Erft-Express) und RB 27 (Rhein-Erft-Bahn) bedient, die Richtung [[Köln]] und [[Koblenz]] fahren. Seit Juni 2004 ist Königswinter über die Linie RE 8 mit neugebautem Schloss-Röttgen-Tunnel und Bahnhof auch an den [[Flughafen Köln/Bonn]] angebunden.

===== Stadtbahn =====

Die [[Stadtbahn Bonn#Siebengebirgsbahn|Stadtbahnlinie 66]] („Telekom-Express“) der [[Elektrische Bahnen der Stadt Bonn und des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises|SSB]] fährt Richtung [[Bad Honnef]] bzw. [[Siegburg]] über [[Bonn]] und [[Sankt Augustin]]. Die Trasse führt im Altstadtbereich am Rheinufer vorbei und befindet sich in Oberdollendorf im Tunnel; auf Stadtgebiet von Königswinter befinden sich dabei sechs Haltestellen. Die Linie verkehrt im 20-Minuten-Takt, im Berufsverkehr wird sie teilweise auf einen 10-Minuten-Takt verdichtet, der weiter nördlich auf der Strecke [[Ramersdorf (Bonn)|Ramersdorf]]—[[Bonn Hauptbahnhof]]—[[Siegburg]] auch außerhalb des Berufsverkehrs gefahren wird.

===== Bus =====

Während die Tallagen durch die Stadtbahn für den öffentlichen Nahverkehr erschlossen sind, wird die Verbindung in die Berglagen durch drei Buslinien mit unregelmäßigen Fahrten und wechselnden Linienwegen dargestellt.

Die Linie 520 fährt von der Haltstelle Clemens-August-Straße nach [[Ittenbach]] und [[Oberpleis]]. Von dort geht die Fahrt nach [[Oberdollendorf]] und zurück zur Haltestelle in Königswinter.

Die Linie 521 fährt die Gegenrichtung der Buslinie 520.

Die Linie 525 fährt vom Oberpleiser Busbahnhof nach [[Hennef (Sieg)|Hennef]].

==== Verkehrsverbund ====

Königswinter gehört dem [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg]] (VRS) an.

==== Fahrrad ====

An Rheinpromenade (Altstadt) und -ufer entlang führen besonders im Sommer häufig genutzte und ausgebaute Rad- und Fußwege in Richtung Bonn, das als fahrradfreundlichste Stadt Nordrhein-Westfalens ausgezeichnet wurde. Zum Süden hin sind die Radwege noch bis Erpel in unmittelbarer Rheinnähe, im weiteren Verlauf führen sie dem Berg zugewandt neben der B 42 entlang.

=== Einzelhandel ===

Der Einzelhandel ist bis auf die östlichsten Gebiete relativ gleichmäßig auf die Stadt verteilt, es existieren zahlreiche Lebensmittelläden und Discounter. In Niederdollendorf ist ein Einkaufszentrum mit einem Baumarkt entstanden. Ein Schwerpunkt des Einzelhandels sowie des Tourismus bildet die Altstadt und die Rheinpromenade. Dort wurde im Dezember 2005 ein neues [[Sea Life Königswinter|Sea Life-Aquarium]] eröffnet, das viele Besucher anzieht und von dem auch die übrigen Geschäfte profitieren.
[[Bild:Kanalbauarbeiten in Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bevorstehende Altstadtsanierung]]

=== Tourismus ===

Königswinter ist mit dem Siebengebirge, das neben dem [[Kottenforst]] wichtigstes Fremdenverkehrsziel und Naherholungsraum für die Bewohner der Region Bonn Rhein-Sieg und auch überregional Bedeutung hat, ein beliebter Tourismusort. Mit [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]], [[Oelberg]] und [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]] liegen auf Stadtgebiet neben [[Bad Honnef]] mit der [[Löwenburg (Siebengebirge)|Löwenburg]] die touristisch wertvollsten Berge des Naturparks. Die Rheinpromenade ist im Sommer hochfrequentiert, weshalb es dort viel Gastronomie gibt. Auch das neue Sea Life Center ist dort wichtiger Bestandteil des Tourismus geworden. Voraussichtlich bis 2007 wird das [[Schloss Drachenburg]] saniert, das einen Haltepunkt an der [[Drachenfelsbahn]] hat.

=== Ansässige Unternehmen ===

Zu den bedeutendsten Unternehmen in Königswinters gehören:

* [http://www.hayes-lemmerz.com/ Hayes Lemmerz] - Felgen-Hersteller (Altstadt und Niederdollendorf)
Die Firma Hayes Lemmerz beschäftigt am Standort Königswinter ca. 700 Mitarbeiter und nimmt einen großen Teil des Stadtgebiets in der Tallage ein und ist die bedeutendste Firma in der Stadt.
* [http://www.heel-verlag.de/ Heel Verlag] - Gut Pottscheidt bei Königswinter
* [http://www.jass-baubedarf.de/ Jass Baubedarf GmbH & Co. KG] - Baustoffe (Altstadt)
* [http://www.brune.de Brune GmbH] - Möbelfabrik in Königswinter-Oberpleis
* [http://www.zera.de/pag_d/start_d.html Zera GmbH] - Zählerprüfeinrichtungen
* [http://www.didier.de/internet/de/corpsvc/didier/default.html RHI Didier] - Feuerfestmaterialien (Niederdollendorf)
* [http://www.twintec.de Twin-Tec GmbH] - Hersteller für Rußfilter und Katalysatoren
[[Bild:Sea Life Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Außenansicht des Sea Life Königswinter]]

=== Vereinigungen, Verbände und sonstige Körperschaften ===

Aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn sind in Königswinter zahlreiche Verbände und Gesellschaften ansässig, darunter:

* Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (AZK)
* Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufstätiger Frauen in der Christlich-Demokratischen Arbeitnehmerschaft
* Bundesverband höherer Berufe der Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung e. V.
* Bundesverband staatlich geprüfter Techniker e. V.
* [[Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft|Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft Deutschlands]] (CDA)
* [[Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft|Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft e. V.]]
* Deutsch-Usbekische Gesellschaft e. V.
* [[dbb beamtenbund und tarifunion|Deutscher Beamtenbund]], Bildungszentrum „Forum Siebengebirge“
* Europäisches Zentrum für Arbeitnehmerfragen
* Gästehaus der Verfassungsorgane der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]])
* Landsmannschaft Schlesien, Nieder- und Oberschlesien e. V.
* Sach- und Haftpflichtversicherung des Bäckerhandwerks VVaG
* Stiftung Christlich-Soziale Politik e. V.
* Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft e. V.
* Verband der Redenschreiber deutscher Sprache e. V.
* Verband Deutscher Sicherheitstechniker e. V.

Von 1984-[[1999]] war der „Margarethenhof“ im Stadtteil Margarethenhöhe Sitz der [[Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung]], einer der [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] nahen Stiftung.

=== Medien ===

* 1873-1941 Echo des Siebengebirges
* 1963-2004 Siebengebirgszeitung
* 1996-1998 Königswinterer Zeitung
* [[General-Anzeiger (Bonn)|General-Anzeiger]] mit Lokalausgabe „Honnefer Volkszeitung“

Der weithin sichtbare Sendemast auf dem Königswinterer Oelberg versorgt die Siebengebirgsregion und die Bundesstadt Bonn mit Radioprogrammen sowie Mobilfunkantennen. Seit 2004 strahlt der Sendemast auf dem Bonner [[Venusberg (Bonn)|Venusberg]] das digitale Antennenfernsehen [[DVB-T]] aus.



=== Bildung ===

* Grundschule Königswinter (Johann-Lemmerz-Grundschule)
* Grundschule Niederdollendorf (Longenburgschule)
* Grundschule Oberdollendorf
* [http://www.Stenzelbergschule.de Grundschule Heisterbacherrott (Stenzelbergschule)]
* Grundschule Stieldorf
* [http://www.ittenbach-online.de/schule/ Grundschule Ittenbach]
* Grundschule Oberpleis
* Grundschule Eudenbach
* Sonderschule für Lernbehinderte (Drachenfelsschule)

Weiterführende Schulen

* [http://www.ghs-oberpleis.de/ Hauptschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.realschule-oberpleis.de/ Realschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.gymnasium-am-oelberg.de Städtisches Gymnasium am Oelberg / Oberpleis]
* [[CJD Jugenddorf-Christophorusschule Königswinter]] (privates Gymnasium mit Realschule und [[Internat]])

Sonstige

* [http://www.vhs-siebengebirge.de/ VHS Siebengebirge]
* Musikschule der Stadt Königswinter
* [http://www.sksk.de/ Studienhaus für keltische Sprachen und Kulturen]


== Öffentliche Einrichtungen ==

=== Gericht ===

In Königswinter hat ein Amtsgericht seinen Sitz. Es gehört zum Bezirk des Landgerichtes Bonn

=== Post ===

Im Bereich der Stadt Königswinter gibt es heute nur noch [[Postagentur]]en. Sie befinden sich im den Stadtteilen Altstadt, Berghausen, Ittenbach, Oberdollendorf, Oberpleis, Stieldorf und Thomasberg.

=== Arbeitsamt ===

Die früher in Königswinter-Altstadt gelegene Außenstelle der [[Arbeitsagentur]] befindet sich heute im Ortsteil Oberdollendorf.

== Persönlichkeiten ==

=== Ehrenbürger ===

* 1890: [[August Mirbach]] (Bürgermeister von [[1841]] bis [[1890]])
* 1911: Hermann Beckmann
* 1911: Oswald Gilgenberg
* 1922: [[Ferdinand Mülhens]] ([[4711]])
* 1946: Heinrich Nachtsheim
* 1950: [[Johann Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1957: [[Paul Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1969: Luise Streve-Mülhens
* 1990: Prof. [[Eduard Rhein]] (Erfinder, Schriftsteller,...)

=== Söhne und Töchter der Stadt ===

d. h. Personen, die hier geboren sind

*[[Franz Ittenbach]] (1813-1879) Maler
*[[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]] (1816-1873) Dichter
* Karl Spindler (1887-1951) Seekapitän
*[[Peter Buchholz]] Gefängnispfarrer in Berlin
*[[Eduard Rhein]] (1900-1993) Erfinder, Schriftsteller
*[[Karl Lamers]] (*1935) Politiker
*[[Michael Opielka]] (*1956)
*[[Horst Heldt]] (*1969) Fußballer

=== Persönlichkeiten, die mit der Stadt in Verbindung stehen ===

* [[Egon Bahr]] (*[[1922]] [[Treffurt]]/[[Werra]]), Politiker
* [[Ernemann Sander]] (*[[1925]] [[Leipzig]]), Künstler
* Burkhard Mohr (*[[1959]] [[Köln]]), Künstler
* Manfred Weber (*1942 [[Bonn]]) , Anti-Gewerkschaftler
* [[Peter Hintze]] (*[[1960]] [[Bad Honnef]]), Pastor der evangelischen Gemeinde von 1980 bis 1983

== Literatur ==

*Dorothea F. Voigtländer, ''Geschichte und Geschichten vom Rhein - Vom Drachenfels zum Kaiserberg'', Bad Honnef 2. Aufl. 2004, ISBN 3-87066-381-2
* Denkmäler im Rheinland, ''Stadt Königswinter'', ISBN 3-7927-1200-8, Köln 1992
* Herbert Menden, ''Königswinter in alten Ansichten'', ISBN 90-288-1305-5
* Bruno P. Kremer, ''Das Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-87909-770-4, 2002
* Karl Josef Klöhs, ''Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-00-012113-7, Königswinter 2003

== Weblinks ==

* [http://www.koenigswinter.de/ Website der Stadt Königswinter]
* [http://www.meinestadt.de/koenigswinter/home Stadtführer Königswinter]

 
<div class="BoxenVerschmelzen">
{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis}}
{{Navigationsleiste Nibelungenstädte}}
</div>

[[Kategorie:Ort in Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Kategorie:Königswinter|!]]

[[en:Königswinter]]
[[nl:Königswinter]]
[[no:Königswinter]]

Königswinter

2006-04-24T23:26:32Z

64.12.117.9: /* Eingemeindungen */

{| cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width:307px; background:#e3e3e3; margin-left:1em; border-spacing:1px;"
! Wappen
! Karte
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"
| width="145"|[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|140px|right|Wappen von Königswinter]]
| width="145"|[[Bild:Lage der Stadt Königswinter in Deutschland.png|140px|Karte von Deutschland, Königswinter hervorgehoben]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Basisdaten
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bundesland (Deutschland)|Bundesland]]:||[[Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Regierungsbezirk]]:||[[Regierungsbezirk Köln|Köln]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Landkreis|Kreis]]:||[[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Fläche]]: ||76,19 [[Quadratkilometer|km²]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Einwohner]]: ||43.678 ''(Dezember 2005)''
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Bevölkerungsdichte]]: ||573 Einwohner/km²
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Höhe]]: || 74 - 461 m ü. [[Normalnull|NN]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Postleitzahl]]: ||53639
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Telefonvorwahl|Vorwahlen]]: ||02223 und 02244
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Geografische Lage]]: ||{{Koordinate Text Artikel|50_41_N_7_11_E_type:city(43530)_region:DE-NW|50° 41′ n. Br., 7° 11′ ö. L.}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Kfz-Kennzeichen]]: ||<tt>SU</tt>
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Gliederung des Stadtgebiets:||ca. 50 Stadtteile
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Amtlicher Gemeindeschlüssel|Gemeindekennzahl]]:||05 3 82 024
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Adresse der Stadtverwaltung:||Drachenfelsstraße 9-11 53639 Königswinter
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Website: || [http://www.koenigswinter.de Stadt Königswinter]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| E-Mail-Adresse: ||[mailto:stadtverwaltung@koenigswinter.de Stadtverwaltung]
|-
! colspan="2" | Politik
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Bürgermeister: ||Peter Wirtz ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
|}

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_vom_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Drachenfels aus, [[Post Tower]] und [[Langer Eugen]] im Hintergrund]][[Bild:Sankt_Remigius_Koenigswinter_1850.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Litographie von St. Remigius (August Karstein, 1850)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Sankt Remigius.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eingangsseite von St. Remigius (2005)]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter_Drachenfels.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Königswinter vom Rhein aus, [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Weinlokal_Bellinghausen_Koenigswinter.jpg|thumb|right|200px|„Weinrestaurant Bellinghausen“ vom Rhein aus (1899), [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]] und [[Drachenburg]] im Hintergrund]]
[[Bild:Koenigswinter Rathaus.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Altes Rathaus Königswinter mit dem bis 1969 gültigen Wappen]]

'''Königswinter''' ist eine Stadt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]] in [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] mit über 40.000 Einwohnern, auf der östlichen Rheinseite gegenüber der Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] gelegen. Überregional bekannt geworden ist sie durch das Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]], das aufgrund der Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn gelegentlich als Schauplatz für bedeutende internationale Kongresse und Konferenzen dient.

== Geografie ==
=== Geografische Lage ===

Die Stadt liegt am [[Rhein]] zwischen [[Bad Honnef]] und Bonn-[[Beuel]] am Fuße des [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberges]] und bietet außerdem Zugang zu Deutschlands meistbestiegenem Berg, dem [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]]. Dieser hat mit der Burgruine aus dem [[12. Jahrhundert]], unterstützt durch die seit [[1883]] betriebene Zahnradbahn ([[Drachenfelsbahn]]) zu seinen Höhen hinauf, Königswinters Namen als Fremdenverkehrsort entscheidend mitgeprägt. Beide Berge gehören zum Naturpark [[Siebengebirge]]. Der [[Rheinsteig]], der neue rechtsrheinische Wanderweg führt von Bonn über den Drachenfels nach Wiesbaden.
Die Hänge der Berge in Königswinter und [[Oberdollendorf]] werden seit jeher zum [[Weinanbau]] genutzt. Der Ortskern von Königwinter befindet sich auf 50,683° [[Breitengrad|nördlicher Breite]] und 7,183° [[Längengrad|östlicher Länge]] in einer [[Höhe]] von 74 Metern über dem [[Normalnull|mittleren Meeresspiegel]]. Der höchste Punkt im Stadtgebiet Königswinter liegt bei 461 Metern über NN auf dem Großen [[Oelberg]]. Dieser Punkt ist gleichzeitig der höchste Punkt im [[Rhein-Sieg-Kreis]].



=== Stadtgliederung ===

Das Stadtgebiet Königswinters streckt sich auf eine Fläche von 76,19 Quadratkilometern aus und besitzt damit die viertgrößte Ausdehnung im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Es gliedert sich in einen Berg- und Talbereich mit 52 Ortsteilen:

Altstadt, Bennerscheid, Berghausen, [[Bockeroth]], Boseroth, Dahlhausen, [[Düferoth]], Döttscheid, Eisbach, Eudenbach, Faulenbitze, Gratzfeld, Gräfenhohn, Hartenberg, [[Heisterbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], Hühnerberg, Hüscheid, [[Ittenbach]], Kochenbach, Komp, Kotthausen, Lahr, Margarethenhöhe, Niederbuchholz, [[Niederdollendorf]], Niederscheuren, Nonnenberg, [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]], Oberscheuren, Oelinghoven, Perlenhardt, Pleiserhohn, Pützstück, Quirrenbach, Rauschendorf, Ruttscheid, Rübhausen, Römlinghoven, Sand, Sandscheid, Sassenberg, Siefen, [[Stieldorf]], Stieldorferhohn, [[Thomasberg (Siebengebirge)|Thomasberg]], [[Uthweiler]], Vinxel, Wahlfeld, Weiler, Willmeroth. 
14 Ortsteile in der Bergregion werden auch mit der inoffiziellen Bezeichnung [[Oberhau]] zusammengefasst.

=== Nachbarstädte und -gemeinden ===

Folgende Städte und Gemeinden grenzen an die Stadt Königswinter. Sie werden im Uhrzeigersinn, im Norden beginnend, genannt:

[[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Beuel|Stadtbezirk Beuel]]), [[Sankt Augustin|Stadt Sankt Augustin]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Hennef (Sieg)|Stadt Hennef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Buchholz|Gemeinde Buchholz]] ([[Asbach (Westerwald)|Verbandsgemeinde Asbach]], [[Landkreis Neuwied]]), [[Bad Honnef|Stadt Bad Honnef]] (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis), [[Bonn|Bundesstadt Bonn]] ([[Bad Godesberg|Stadtbezirk Bad Godesberg]]).

=== Klima ===

Das Königswinterer Klima ist im Bundesvergleich mild. Die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur (Mittel 1971-2000) liegt bei 10,9 Grad Celsius, wobei es bedeutende Schwankungen zwischen der Tal- und Berglage gibt. Nach Prognosen des Potsdamer Institut für Klimafolgenforschung wird die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur, errechnet aus den Jahren 2001-2030, 11,9 Grad Celsius betragen, zudem werde die Vegetationsperiode länger.

== Geschichte ==

=== Allgemein ===

Königswinter wurde im Jahr [[1015]] erstmalig als ''Winetre'' erwähnt. [[Heinrich II. (HRR)|Kaiser Heinrich II.]] schenkte dem Bonner Frauenstift Dietkirchen ein Gut, das ihm Graf Wilhelm und dessen Bruder Boppo in dem im [[Auelgau]] gelegenen Ort Winetre überlassen hatten. Es gibt jedoch Funde (so z. B. in Form eines Grabsteines bei [[Oberdollendorf]]), die auf das Jahr [[680]] n. Chr. zurückdatiert werden. Somit gab es zu dieser Zeit vermutlich schon Bewohner in der Region. Die Stadt hat als bekannter [[Fremdenverkehr]]sort eine langjährige Tradition.
Im Mittelalter gehörte Königswinter zum kurkölnischen Amt Wolkenburg, welches die beiden Burgen Drachenfels und Wolkenburg sowie die Orte Königswinter und Ittenbach umfasste. Obwohl Königswinter eine Stadtmauer und damit eines der für eine Stadt typischen Merkmale hatte, besaß der Ort kein Stadtrecht, so dass er als sogenannter [[Flecken (Ort)|Flecken]] anzusehen war. [[1689]] brannten fast alle Gebäude ab, weil französische Soldaten Königswinter plündern wollten.

Nach der [[Säkularisierung]] des Erzstiftes 1803 fiel Königswinter an das [[Herzogtum Nassau|Fürstentum Nassau-Usingen]], 1806 an das [[Herzogtum Berg|Großherzogtum Berg]] und schließlich 1815 an das Königreich [[Preußen]].

Königswinter erhielt 1889 die [[Stadtrechte]].
Bei der kommunalen Neuordnung im Jahre 1969 entstand die neue Stadt Königswinter aus der Stadt Königswinter, der Gemeinde Ittenbach aus dem ehemaligen Amt Königswinter, den Gemeinden Oberpleis und Stieldorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberpleis, und den Gemeinden Heisterbacherrott, Niederdollendorf und Oberdollendorf aus dem ehemaligen Amt Oberkassel.
Die Tagungen auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn| Petersberg]] ([[Afghanistan-Konferenz]]) haben den Namen der Stadt in alle Welt getragen.
Der Name ''Königswinter'' entstand, nachdem [[Karl der Große]] am Drachenfels eine Weindomäne erwarb, und Königswinter somit ein königlicher Winzerort (lat: ''Vinitiorium'') wurde.
Der Drachenfels erlangte vor allem durch [[Richard Wagner| Richard Wagners]] Version der [[Nibelungensage]] internationale Berühmtheit. Hier erschlug [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfried]] den legendären Drachen und badete anschließend in dessen Blut, um sich unverwundbar zu machen. Jedoch verdeckte ein Lindenblatt eine Stelle zwischen seinen Schulterblättern, was ihm später zum Verhängnis wurde. Somit besiegelte sich [[Siegfried der Drachentöter|Siegfrieds]] Schicksal in Königswinter am Rhein.

=== Petersberg ===

''Hauptartikel: [[Petersberg bei Bonn]]''

Das Gästehaus auf dem Petersberg war nach der Ansiedlung der Bundesregierung in Bonn zur Residenz der Staatsgäste geworden. Dort wurde 1949 auch das [[Petersberger Abkommen]] unterzeichnet, das Königswinter einen Platz in den Geschichtsbüchern sicherte. Nach einer zwischenzeitlichen Schließung erwarb der Bund 1979 das Gebäude und ließ es von 1985 bis 1990 aufwändig umbauen. Dort werden gelegentlich bedeutende internationale Konferenzen, wie 2001 und 2002 die [[Afghanistan-Konferenz]] ausgerichtet. Bei Bedarf wird dann die Zufahrtsstraße gesperrt. Durch die Brisanz der Tagungen in dem bundeseigenen Gebäude wurde der Name der Stadt international bekannt. Das 5-Sterne-Hotel auf dem Berg wird außerhalb der Nutzung für größere Tagungen auch privat genutzt.


=== Eingemeindungen ===

Im Zuge der Verwaltungsreform wurden 1969 die Gemeinden [[Ittenbach]], [[Heisterbacherrott]], [[Niederdollendorf]], [[Oberdollendorf]], [[Oberpleis]] und [[Stieldorf]] mit dem Stadtkern Königswinters zusammengelegt.

=== Einwohnerentwicklung ===

[[Bild:Petersberg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Petersberg mit Bundesgästehaus]]
In den vergangen Jahren stieg die Einwohnerzahl Königswinters wie im gesamten Rhein-Sieg-Kreis stark an, 2003 lag die Bevölkerung um 9,1 Prozent höher als 1996. Nach einer Prognose der [[Bertelsmann-Stiftung]] soll sich diese Entwicklung fortsetzen, sie rechnet mit einer Zunahme bis 2020 um 8,1 Prozent. Das Wachstum ist hauptsächlich durch die Ausweisung einer wachsenden Zahl von Baugebieten im Bergbereich bedingt, wobei Nachbarstädte Königswinter vorwerfen, durch starkes Wachstum in unzureichend erschlossenen Gebieten in der ganzen Region Verkehrsprobleme zu schaffen und [[Zersiedelung]] zu betreiben.

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Jahr'''
|'''Einwohner'''
|----
|1987
|33.783
|----
|1990
|35.013
|----
|1992
|35.916
|----
|1995
|37.341
|----
|2003
|40.356
|----
|2005
|41.440
|}

== Politik ==

=== Gemeinderat ===

Die 40 Sitze des Gemeinderat verteilen sich wie folgt:
*[[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] 21 Sitze
*[[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] 10 Sitze
*[[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|Grüne]] 5 Sitze
*[[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] 4 Sitze



(Stand: [[Kommunalwahl]] am [[26. September]] [[2004]])

=== Bürgermeister ===

{|{{prettytable}}
|'''Zeitraum'''
|'''Bürgermeister'''
|----
|1808-1814
|Clemens August Freiherr von Schall
|----
|1814-1835
|Clemens August Schäfer
|----
|1835-1841
|Georg Karl Bülle
|----
|1841-1890
|[[August Mirbach]]
|----
|1890-1909
|Fritz Kreitz
|----
|1909-1933
|Josef Clever
|----
|1933
|kom. Dr. Ludwig Buttlar
|----
|1933-1938
|Heinrich Lorenz
|----
|1938-1944
|August Müller
|----
|1944-1945
|Paul Wilhelm Müller
|----
|1945
|Jakob Mehlkop
|----
|1945-1949
|Dr. Peter Liedgens
|----
|1949-1952
|Wilhelm Kirfel
|----
|1952-1956
|Wilhelm Peerenboom
|----
|1956-1961
|Heinrich Reingen
|----
|1961-1969
|Dr. Richard Faßbender
|----
|1969-1990
|Günther Hank
|----
|1990-1999
|Herbert Krämer
|----
|1999-
|Peter Wirtz
|}

=== Wappen ===

[[Bild:Koenigswinter_wappen.jpg|right|60px|Wappen von Königswinter]]
Das Wappen zeigt die Stadtmauern von Königswinter. Das Kreuz symbolisiert die ehemalige Zugehörigkeit zum Kurfürstentum [[Köln]], der Löwe ist Symbol des [[Herzogtum Berg|Herzogtums Berg]], dem große Teile Königswinters angehörten. Das Wappen in seiner jetzigen Forum wurde offiziell am [[6. Juni]] [[1972]] vom damaligen Kölner [[Regierungspräsident]]en zum Königswinterer Stadtwappen erklärt.

=== Städtepartnerschaften ===

* [[Bild:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[North East Lincolnshire]] in England (früher: [[Cleethorpes]])
* [[Bild:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Cognac]] (Frankreich)

== Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten ==

=== Museen ===

[[Bild:Besucher-Zentrum, Tourist-Information, Bahnhof Drachenfelsbahn.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Besucher-Zentrum und Tourist-Information des Bahnhofes der Drachenfelsbahn]]
* [[Siebengebirgsmuseum]]
* [http://www.reptilien-zoo-koenigswinter.de Nibelungenhalle mit Reptilien-Zoo]
* [http://www.brueckenhofmuseum.de Das Brückenhofmuseum in Oberdollendorf]
* [[Sea Life Königswinter]]



=== Bauwerke ===

* [[Kloster Heisterbach]] (mit Chorruine)
* [http://www.hausschlesien.de Haus Schlesien]
* [[Schloss Drachenburg]]
* [[Ofenkaulen]] (Stollensystem)


=== Naturdenkmäler ===

Königswinter liegt am und im [[Siebengebirge]], dem ältesten Naturschutzgebiet in Deutschland.

Der nahe Heisterbacherrott gelegene Weilberg ist als Steinbruch genutzt worden. Dank dieser Nutzung kann hier die Erdgeschichte etwa 30 Millionen Jahre zurückverfolgt werden.


=== Regelmäßige Veranstaltungen ===
* [[Rhein in Flammen]]: am 1. Samstag im Mai. Großfeuerwerke und Schiffsrundfahrt von [[Linz am Rhein]] entlang [[Erpel]], [[Unkel]], [[Remagen]], [[Rheinbreitbach]], Rheininsel Nonnenwerth bei [[Bad Honnef]], [[Bad Godesberg]], Königswinter zur Bonner [[Rheinaue (Bonn)|Rheinaue]] bei [[Bonn]].
* Maifest in Oelinghoven (1. Mai)
* Pfingstkirmes in Römlinghoven
* Jassekirmes in Niederdollendorf (Fronleichnam)
* Kinderfest in Oelinghoven (Juni)
* Kirmes in Oberdollendorf (St. Laurentius, August)
* Weiherfest in Heisterbacherrott (August)
* Kirmes in Niederdollendorf (St. Michael, September)
* Erntedankfest in Oelinghoven (Ende August/Anfang September)
* Erntedankfest in Vinxel (September)
* Winzerfest (immer am ersten Wochenende im Oktober)
* Schützenfest (St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaften, alle zwei Jahre im Mai-2006)


== Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur ==

=== Verkehr ===

==== Straßenverkehr ====

Die Tallage von Königswinter ist mit den Anschlussstellen ''Königswinter'' und ''Königswinter-Oberdollendorf'' über die vierstreifige [[Bundesstraße]] [[Bundesstraße 42|B 42]] angebunden und verfügt damit über eine direkte Verbindung zur angrenzenden Bundesstadt [[Bonn]] und über die sich anschließende Flughafenautobahn [[Bundesautobahn 59|A 59]] nach [[Köln]]. Die südliche Nachbarstadt [[Bad Honnef]] wird ebenfalls über die Bundesstraße erreicht, die danach in Richtung [[Unkel]] zweispurig ausgebaut ist.
[[Bild:Brücke Königswinter Petersberg 2.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Brücke der Landesstraße 331 mit Anschlussstelle zur B 42 und Blick auf Petersberg]]

Im Bergbereich gibt es einen direkten Zugang zur sechsspurigen [[Bundesautobahn 3|A 3]] über die Anschlussstelle ''Siebengebirge (Nr. 33)''. Man erreicht sie vom Talbereich über die [[Landesstraße 331 (Nordrhein-Westfalen)|Landesstraße 331]] (Stadtkern) und über die Landesstraße 268 (Oberdollendorf), die durch das [[Siebengebirge]] führen.

Die Autofähren im Bereich der Altstadt und in [[Niederdollendorf]] ermöglichen das Übersetzen nach Bonn-[[Mehlem]] bzw. Bonn-[[Bad Godesberg]]. [[Bild:Anfang Tunnel Oberdollendorf.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Beginn des Tunnels Oberdollendorf mit davorliegender Stadtbahnhaltestelle]]

==== Schienen- und Busverkehr ====

===== Eisenbahn =====

Die [[Deutsche Bahn]] hat im Stadtgebiet zwei Bahnhöfe, einen am Rand der Altstadt von Königswinter und einen weiteren in Niederdollendorf. Beide werden von den im Halbstunden-Takt verkehrenden Regionalverkehrslinien RE 8 (Rhein-Erft-Express) und RB 27 (Rhein-Erft-Bahn) bedient, die Richtung [[Köln]] und [[Koblenz]] fahren. Seit Juni 2004 ist Königswinter über die Linie RE 8 mit neugebautem Schloss-Röttgen-Tunnel und Bahnhof auch an den [[Flughafen Köln/Bonn]] angebunden.

===== Stadtbahn =====

Die [[Stadtbahn Bonn#Siebengebirgsbahn|Stadtbahnlinie 66]] („Telekom-Express“) der [[Elektrische Bahnen der Stadt Bonn und des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises|SSB]] fährt Richtung [[Bad Honnef]] bzw. [[Siegburg]] über [[Bonn]] und [[Sankt Augustin]]. Die Trasse führt im Altstadtbereich am Rheinufer vorbei und befindet sich in Oberdollendorf im Tunnel; auf Stadtgebiet von Königswinter befinden sich dabei sechs Haltestellen. Die Linie verkehrt im 20-Minuten-Takt, im Berufsverkehr wird sie teilweise auf einen 10-Minuten-Takt verdichtet, der weiter nördlich auf der Strecke [[Ramersdorf (Bonn)|Ramersdorf]]—[[Bonn Hauptbahnhof]]—[[Siegburg]] auch außerhalb des Berufsverkehrs gefahren wird.

===== Bus =====

Während die Tallagen durch die Stadtbahn für den öffentlichen Nahverkehr erschlossen sind, wird die Verbindung in die Berglagen durch drei Buslinien mit unregelmäßigen Fahrten und wechselnden Linienwegen dargestellt.

Die Linie 520 fährt von der Haltstelle Clemens-August-Straße nach [[Ittenbach]] und [[Oberpleis]]. Von dort geht die Fahrt nach [[Oberdollendorf]] und zurück zur Haltestelle in Königswinter.

Die Linie 521 fährt die Gegenrichtung der Buslinie 520.

Die Linie 525 fährt vom Oberpleiser Busbahnhof nach [[Hennef (Sieg)|Hennef]].

==== Verkehrsverbund ====

Königswinter gehört dem [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg]] (VRS) an.

==== Fahrrad ====

An Rheinpromenade (Altstadt) und -ufer entlang führen besonders im Sommer häufig genutzte und ausgebaute Rad- und Fußwege in Richtung Bonn, das als fahrradfreundlichste Stadt Nordrhein-Westfalens ausgezeichnet wurde. Zum Süden hin sind die Radwege noch bis Erpel in unmittelbarer Rheinnähe, im weiteren Verlauf führen sie dem Berg zugewandt neben der B 42 entlang.

=== Einzelhandel ===

Der Einzelhandel ist bis auf die östlichsten Gebiete relativ gleichmäßig auf die Stadt verteilt, es existieren zahlreiche Lebensmittelläden und Discounter. In Niederdollendorf ist ein Einkaufszentrum mit einem Baumarkt entstanden. Ein Schwerpunkt des Einzelhandels sowie des Tourismus bildet die Altstadt und die Rheinpromenade. Dort wurde im Dezember 2005 ein neues [[Sea Life Königswinter|Sea Life-Aquarium]] eröffnet, das viele Besucher anzieht und von dem auch die übrigen Geschäfte profitieren.
[[Bild:Kanalbauarbeiten in Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bevorstehende Altstadtsanierung]]

=== Tourismus ===

Königswinter ist mit dem Siebengebirge, das neben dem [[Kottenforst]] wichtigstes Fremdenverkehrsziel und Naherholungsraum für die Bewohner der Region Bonn Rhein-Sieg und auch überregional Bedeutung hat, ein beliebter Tourismusort. Mit [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]], [[Oelberg]] und [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]] liegen auf Stadtgebiet neben [[Bad Honnef]] mit der [[Löwenburg (Siebengebirge)|Löwenburg]] die touristisch wertvollsten Berge des Naturparks. Die Rheinpromenade ist im Sommer hochfrequentiert, weshalb es dort viel Gastronomie gibt. Auch das neue Sea Life Center ist dort wichtiger Bestandteil des Tourismus geworden. Voraussichtlich bis 2007 wird das [[Schloss Drachenburg]] saniert, das einen Haltepunkt an der [[Drachenfelsbahn]] hat.

=== Ansässige Unternehmen ===

Zu den bedeutendsten Unternehmen in Königswinters gehören:

* [http://www.hayes-lemmerz.com/ Hayes Lemmerz] - Felgen-Hersteller (Altstadt und Niederdollendorf)
Die Firma Hayes Lemmerz beschäftigt am Standort Königswinter ca. 700 Mitarbeiter und nimmt einen großen Teil des Stadtgebiets in der Tallage ein und ist die bedeutendste Firma in der Stadt.
* [http://www.heel-verlag.de/ Heel Verlag] - Gut Pottscheidt bei Königswinter
* [http://www.jass-baubedarf.de/ Jass Baubedarf GmbH & Co. KG] - Baustoffe (Altstadt)
* [http://www.brune.de Brune GmbH] - Möbelfabrik in Königswinter-Oberpleis
* [http://www.zera.de/pag_d/start_d.html Zera GmbH] - Zählerprüfeinrichtungen
* [http://www.didier.de/internet/de/corpsvc/didier/default.html RHI Didier] - Feuerfestmaterialien (Niederdollendorf)
* [http://www.twintec.de Twin-Tec GmbH] - Hersteller für Rußfilter und Katalysatoren
[[Bild:Sea Life Königswinter.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Außenansicht des Sea Life Königswinter]]

=== Vereinigungen, Verbände und sonstige Körperschaften ===

Aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe zur Bundesstadt Bonn sind in Königswinter zahlreiche Verbände und Gesellschaften ansässig, darunter:

* Arbeitnehmerzentrum Königswinter (AZK)
* Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufstätiger Frauen in der Christlich-Demokratischen Arbeitnehmerschaft
* Bundesverband höherer Berufe der Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung e. V.
* Bundesverband staatlich geprüfter Techniker e. V.
* [[Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft|Christlich-Demokratische Arbeitnehmerschaft Deutschlands]] (CDA)
* [[Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft|Deutsch-Britische Gesellschaft e. V.]]
* Deutsch-Usbekische Gesellschaft e. V.
* [[dbb beamtenbund und tarifunion|Deutscher Beamtenbund]], Bildungszentrum „Forum Siebengebirge“
* Europäisches Zentrum für Arbeitnehmerfragen
* Gästehaus der Verfassungsorgane der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (auf dem [[Petersberg bei Bonn|Petersberg]])
* Landsmannschaft Schlesien, Nieder- und Oberschlesien e. V.
* Sach- und Haftpflichtversicherung des Bäckerhandwerks VVaG
* Stiftung Christlich-Soziale Politik e. V.
* Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft e. V.
* Verband der Redenschreiber deutscher Sprache e. V.
* Verband Deutscher Sicherheitstechniker e. V.

Von 1984-[[1999]] war der „Margarethenhof“ im Stadtteil Margarethenhöhe Sitz der [[Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung]], einer der [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] nahen Stiftung.

=== Medien ===

* 1873-1941 Echo des Siebengebirges
* 1963-2004 Siebengebirgszeitung
* 1996-1998 Königswinterer Zeitung
* [[General-Anzeiger (Bonn)|General-Anzeiger]] mit Lokalausgabe „Honnefer Volkszeitung“

Der weithin sichtbare Sendemast auf dem Königswinterer Oelberg versorgt die Siebengebirgsregion und die Bundesstadt Bonn mit Radioprogrammen sowie Mobilfunkantennen. Seit 2004 strahlt der Sendemast auf dem Bonner [[Venusberg (Bonn)|Venusberg]] das digitale Antennenfernsehen [[DVB-T]] aus.



=== Bildung ===

* Grundschule Königswinter (Johann-Lemmerz-Grundschule)
* Grundschule Niederdollendorf (Longenburgschule)
* Grundschule Oberdollendorf
* [http://www.Stenzelbergschule.de Grundschule Heisterbacherrott (Stenzelbergschule)]
* Grundschule Stieldorf
* [http://www.ittenbach-online.de/schule/ Grundschule Ittenbach]
* Grundschule Oberpleis
* Grundschule Eudenbach
* Sonderschule für Lernbehinderte (Drachenfelsschule)

Weiterführende Schulen

* [http://www.ghs-oberpleis.de/ Hauptschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.realschule-oberpleis.de/ Realschule Oberpleis]
* [http://www.gymnasium-am-oelberg.de Städtisches Gymnasium am Oelberg / Oberpleis]
* [[CJD Jugenddorf-Christophorusschule Königswinter]] (privates Gymnasium mit Realschule und [[Internat]])

Sonstige

* [http://www.vhs-siebengebirge.de/ VHS Siebengebirge]
* Musikschule der Stadt Königswinter
* [http://www.sksk.de/ Studienhaus für keltische Sprachen und Kulturen]


== Öffentliche Einrichtungen ==

=== Gericht ===

In Königswinter hat ein Amtsgericht seinen Sitz. Es gehört zum Bezirk des Landgerichtes Bonn

=== Post ===

Im Bereich der Stadt Königswinter gibt es heute nur noch [[Postagentur]]en. Sie befinden sich im den Stadtteilen Altstadt, Berghausen, Ittenbach, Oberdollendorf, Oberpleis, Stieldorf und Thomasberg.

=== Arbeitsamt ===

Die früher in Königswinter-Altstadt gelegene Außenstelle der [[Arbeitsagentur]] befindet sich heute im Ortsteil Oberdollendorf.

== Persönlichkeiten ==

=== Ehrenbürger ===

* 1890: [[August Mirbach]] (Bürgermeister von [[1841]] bis [[1890]])
* 1911: Hermann Beckmann
* 1911: Oswald Gilgenberg
* 1922: [[Ferdinand Mülhens]] ([[4711]])
* 1946: Heinrich Nachtsheim
* 1950: [[Johann Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1957: [[Paul Lemmerz]] (Lemmerz Werke)
* 1969: Luise Streve-Mülhens
* 1990: Prof. [[Eduard Rhein]] (Erfinder, Schriftsteller,...)

=== Söhne und Töchter der Stadt ===

d. h. Personen, die hier geboren sind

*[[Franz Ittenbach]] (1813-1879) Maler
*[[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]] (1816-1873) Dichter
* Karl Spindler (1887-1951) Seekapitän
*[[Peter Buchholz]] Gefängnispfarrer in Berlin
*[[Eduard Rhein]] (1900-1993) Erfinder, Schriftsteller
*[[Karl Lamers]] (*1935) Politiker
*[[Michael Opielka]] (*1956)
*[[Horst Heldt]] (*1969) Fußballer

=== Persönlichkeiten, die mit der Stadt in Verbindung stehen ===

* [[Egon Bahr]] (*[[1922]] [[Treffurt]]/[[Werra]]), Politiker
* [[Ernemann Sander]] (*[[1925]] [[Leipzig]]), Künstler
* Burkhard Mohr (*[[1959]] [[Köln]]), Künstler
* Manfred Weber (*1942 [[Bonn]]) , Anti-Gewerkschaftler
* [[Peter Hintze]] (*[[1960]] [[Bad Honnef]]), Pastor der evangelischen Gemeinde von 1980 bis 1983

== Literatur ==

*Dorothea F. Voigtländer, ''Geschichte und Geschichten vom Rhein - Vom Drachenfels zum Kaiserberg'', Bad Honnef 2. Aufl. 2004, ISBN 3-87066-381-2
* Denkmäler im Rheinland, ''Stadt Königswinter'', ISBN 3-7927-1200-8, Köln 1992
* Herbert Menden, ''Königswinter in alten Ansichten'', ISBN 90-288-1305-5
* Bruno P. Kremer, ''Das Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-87909-770-4, 2002
* Karl Josef Klöhs, ''Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge'', ISBN 3-00-012113-7, Königswinter 2003

== Weblinks ==

* [http://www.koenigswinter.de/ Website der Stadt Königswinter]
* [http://www.meinestadt.de/koenigswinter/home Stadtführer Königswinter]

 
<div class="BoxenVerschmelzen">
{{Navigationsleiste Städte und Gemeinden im Rhein-Sieg-Kreis}}
{{Navigationsleiste Nibelungenstädte}}
</div>

[[Kategorie:Ort in Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Kategorie:Königswinter|!]]

[[en:Königswinter]]
[[nl:Königswinter]]
[[no:Königswinter]]

A Girl like Me

2006-04-04T00:24:24Z

64.12.117.9: /* Tracklist */

{{Future album|Girl Like Me, A}}
{{Album infobox |
| Name = A Girl Like Me
| Type = [[Album (music)|Album]]
| Artist = [[Rihanna]]
| Cover = Rihanna_girl_like_me.jpg
| Background = orange
| Released = [[April 25]], [[2006]] (expected)
| Recorded = 2005/2006
| Genre = [[R&B]]/[[Pop music|Pop]]
| Length = -
| Label = [[Def Jam Records]]
| Producer = [[Evan Rogers]] [[Carl Sturken]] StarGate Jonathan Rotem The Conglomerate
| Reviews = <nowiki></nowiki>
| Last album = ''[[Music of the Sun]]'' (2005)
| This album = '''''A Girl Like Me ''''' (2006)
| Next album =
}}
{{dablink| ''[[A Girl Like Me (Emma Bunton album)|A Girl Like Me]]'' is also the name of an album by [[Emma Bunton]].}}
'''''A Girl Like Me''''' is the 2006 sophomore album by Barbados-born [[Pop music|pop]]/[[dancehall]] singer [[Rihanna]] due April 25 2006. The lead single of the album, [[S.O.S. (Rescue Me)]], has received [[airplay]] in Canada and the United States. The single also appeared in American charts like "Billboard Pop 100", "Billboard Pop 100 Airplay" and even the "Billboard Hot 100".

Rihanna has stated she has tried to incorporate more [[rock music]] into her album. R&B artist [[Ne-Yo]] has been writing for this album too, including the song "Unfaithful", which will be the second single of the album.

album)]]
==Tracklist==
# "[[S.O.S. (Rescue Me)]]"
# "Kisses Don't Lie"
# "Unfaithful"
# "We Ride"
# "Dem Haters" feat. Dwane Husbands
# "Final Goodbye"
# "Break It Off" feat. Sean Paul
# "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" feat. J-Status
# "Selfish Girl"
# "P.S.(I'm Still Not Over You)"
# "A Girl Like Me"
# "A Million Miles Away"
# "Bring It Back"
<Bonus Selection>
# "If The Lovin's What You Want" feat. Corey Gunz

[[Category:Rihanna albums|Girl Like Me, A (Rihanna album)]]
[[Category:2006 albums|Girl Like Me, A (Rihanna album)]]
[[Category:Second albums|Girl Like Me, A (Rihanna

also visit www.glamourgirlatruestar.2ya.com
to get info on new artist monique

Street Fighter Alpha – Der Film

2006-02-08T18:03:29Z

64.12.117.9: /* Story */

'''''Street Fighter Alpha: The Movie''''' a.k.a. '''''Street Fighter Alpha''''' and '''''Street Fighter Alpha: The Animation''''' ('''''Street Fighter Zero: The Animation''''' in [[Japan]]) is a [[film|movie]] based on the popular [[fighting game]], ''[[Street Fighter Alpha|Street Fighter Alpha 2]]''. It was created in [[1999]]. It was [[film director|directed]] by Shigeyasu Yamauchi, with character designs by Yoshihiko Umakoshi. It was dubbed in [[2000]] by [[Manga Entertainment]].

==Story==

{{spoiler}}

The story begins with the [[martial art|martial artist]] [[Ryu (Street Fighter)|Ryu]] contemplating the death of his master, [[Gouken]]. As he's thinking about this, a shootout is taking place nearby. [[Chun-Li]], an agent of [[International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol|Interpol]], is engaged in combat with several thugs from the [[Shadoloo|Shadowlaw]] organization. The situation takes a turn for the worse when a small boy is taken hostage by one of the thugs. It is at that point that Ryu jumps in, rescues the boy, and wreaks his special brand of [[Ansatsuken]] havoc on the criminals. Both Chun-Li and [[Sakura Kasugano|Sakura]], an energetic [[high school]] girl, are in awe of his skill.

Ryu returns to Gouken's grave to pay his respects, when he suddenly has a strange vision, in which [[Rose (Street Fighter)|Rose]] tells him that he must grow stronger in order to control the darkness. This vision is interrupted, however, when Ryu encounters his old friend and training partner, [[Ken Masters|Ken]]. As they place flowers on the tomb, and Ken leaves to get some water for them, Ryu is suddenly overcome by the power of the ''[[Satsui no Hadou]]'', with images of the warrior [[Akuma (Street Fighter)|Akuma]] flash through his mind. Ken rushes back up to Ryu when he witnesses a large release of energy from his general area. He sees Ryu lying on the ground, and a young boy standing near him.

The boy reveals himself to be Shun, Ryu's little brother, though both Ryu and Ken have their doubts. Regardless, they let him train and live with them for a while. One night, though, the ''Dark Hadou'' swells within him again. After Ken calms him down, Ryu tells him to kill him if the power ever completely overtakes him. Later, a new ''Street Fighter'' tournament is announced. Ken and Shun are both prepared to enter, but Ryu decides it best that he stay out, for fear of the ''Satsui no Hadou'' within him.

As they seek out the location of the tournament, Ryu and Shun are attacked by a few rowdy street thugs. Shun displays his skill by beating the thugs senseless, but then he begins to take it overboard, almost strangling one to death, until Ryu tells him to stop. They're located by Chun-Li, who requests Ryu's help in tracking down Shadowlaw. As they enter the tournament building, they witness a rather bloody battle between [[Dan Hibiki|Dan]] and [[Vega (Street Fighter)|Vega]].

Meanwhile, Ken runs into Sakura, who's being attacked by drunks in a [[bar (establishment)|bar]]. Ken promptly takes them out, and when Sakura asks if he knows Ryu, he takes her to the place where he left the brothers, only to find that they aren't there. They proceed into the tournament building, but Ken discovers that it's too late to sign up. Instead, he decides to go witness the fight already occurring. At this point, Shun is fighting the burly [[Russia|Russian]] [[professional wrestling|wrestler]], [[Zangief]]. Shun holds his own for a while, displaying the same raw brutality that he did in the previous fight. However, when Ryu starts to see that Shun is in trouble, he intervenes in the fight. At that point, the ''Satsui No Hadou'' begins to corrupt his mind once again. Ryu fires off a ''Hadoken'' which just barely misses Zangief, but causes the building to collapse. Zangief falls through the crumbling floor. Dr. Sadler, the sponsor of the tournament, is impressed by Ryu's power. As Ryu asks Shun where he learned the power of the ''Satsui no Hadou'', they are approached by a gigantic [[cyborg]] of Dr. Sadler's, who attacks Ryu. Chun-Li jumps into the fight, but neither of them have much success against the beast, and just as it's about to blast Ryu into an unconscious state, Shun gets in the way and takes the shot for him. The ''Satsui no Hadou'' overtakes Ryu again, and he incinerates the cyborg with a ''Shinku Hadoken''. Shun is then carried away by Shadowlaw agents in a [[helicopter]]. Ken carries Sakura, who now has a broken leg, to the [[hospital]].

At this point, Ryu has completely lost the will to fight, even allowing a few street thugs, who he typically would have taken care of in a matter of seconds, to beat him to a pulp. Ken visits Sakura in the hospital, telling her only to continue fighting if she's really serious about it, because it's also a road to pain. Ryu has another vision with Rose, who tells him to save Shun from both Dr. Sadler and from himself. Ryu eventually decides that he's going to rescue Shun, but first, he has to see somebody.

Ryu and Chun-Li venture out to a wheat field filled with what look like wooden tombs. Akuma's voice can be heard, and he recognizes Ryu as a student of Gouken. It is apparent that Ryu has come here to test his self-control over the ''Satsui no Hadou''. He then asks Akuma if he has a son, referring to Shun. Akuma wanders off, telling him that where he goes, he goes alone.

Ryu is later confronted by Ken, who wants to remind him that he can be strong without resorting to murder. As they both lie on the ground, breathing heavily, Ryu once again asks Ken to kill him if the ''Satsui no Hadou'' completely consumes him. Ken tries to convince him that he definitely won't.

Ryu, Ken, and Chun-Li decide to fly out to Sadler's laboratory, bringing along with them [[Birdie (Street Fighter)|Birdie]], [[Adon]], [[Guy (Final Fight)|Guy]], [[Rolento Schugerg|Rolento]], [[Dhalsim]], and Dan. Upon their landing, they also run into the Japanese wannabe [[Sodom (Final Fight)|Sodom]].

The various fighters duke it out in Sadler's arena, while Ryu, Ken, and Chun-Li investigate. Birdie, being the first winner, is gassed and imprisoned. Later, he's freed by Ken and Chun-Li. Ryu wanders off and finds a garden filled with children in white robes. Shun is there, and he stares soullessly at Ryu, but then suddenly crumbles to the ground and starts convulsing, apologizing to Sadler.

As Ken and Chun-Li carry away Birdie, they are attacked by the same type of cyborg that attacked Ryu during the tournament. It makes quick work of Birdie, and Ken tells Chun-Li to leave with him while he stays behind and fights the cyborg. It fires a blast of energy at Ken, then captures Birdie and tries to carry him off. Birdie wakes up and tries to sneak attack the cyborg, but he's quickly defeated once again. Chun-Li tries to take him down too, but she's also defeated. Ken returns, and the cyborg takes a lot out of him, but Ken attempts to stay up and continue the fight. Ryu arrives at the scene, only to realize that the cyborg they've been fighting is actually Shun, who has been luring him into a trap. He tells Ryu that if he doesn't use the ''Satsui no Hadou'', Ken will die. Ryu attempts to take him down without using any lethal techniques, but as he does, the data from the fight is pumped into Sadler's body, making him more powerful. None of his attacks are particularly effective, and Shun keeps taunting him. He becomes enraged as Shun proceeds to do some more damage to his already beaten friends. Ryu gives in to the ''Satsui no Hadou'' once again, firing a ''Hadoken'' right through the cyborg's abdomen, blasting Shun out of its body.

Sadler then emerges from his lab, with a new, pumped up body, and pounds on Ryu quite a bit. As Ryu powers up a ''Messatsu Gouhadou'', his friends, as well as Shun, attempt to stop him from using the ''Satsui no Hadou''. Ryu returns himself to his normal state, and fires a ''Shinku Hadoken'' that destroys Sadler.

Shun tells Ryu that the reason he lied and worked for Sadler was so he could get money for him and his mother to survive. Before Shun dies, Ryu tells him that he'll never use the ''Satsui no Hadou'' again.

The movie ends with the fighters returning to their normal lives, and a sparring match between Ryu and Akuma.

==Trivia==

* ''Street Fighter Alpha'' got mixed reviews. The animation and music are generally liked, as well as the fighting scenes, but there are also many who think they were trying to make it deeper than it really was, and some complain that Akuma, who was sort-of portrayed as the main villain, didn't get nearly enough screen-time. It seems to mostly be a love it or hate it movie.
* In the [[English language|English]] version, [[Steven Blum|Steven Jay Blum]] (the voice of Ken), mispronounces the ''Shoryuken'' as the "Shoruken."
* In the hospital, Sakura is playing the [[WonderSwan]] version of ''[[Pocket Fighter]]''. In the game, Chun-Li is fighting [[Ibuki]].
*Birdie is English, but speaks with an American accent.

==Related Links==

[http://www.streetfighteralpha.com Manga Entertainment's Official ''Street Fighter Alpha: The Movie'' Page]

[[Category:Films based on computer and video games]]

Street Fighter Alpha – Der Film

2006-02-08T18:00:44Z

64.12.117.9:

'''''Street Fighter Alpha: The Movie''''' a.k.a. '''''Street Fighter Alpha''''' and '''''Street Fighter Alpha: The Animation''''' ('''''Street Fighter Zero: The Animation''''' in [[Japan]]) is a [[film|movie]] based on the popular [[fighting game]], ''[[Street Fighter Alpha|Street Fighter Alpha 2]]''. It was created in [[1999]]. It was [[film director|directed]] by Shigeyasu Yamauchi, with character designs by Yoshihiko Umakoshi. It was dubbed in [[2000]] by [[Manga Entertainment]].

==Story==

{{spoiler}}

The story begins with the [[martial art|martial artist]] [[Ryu (Street Fighter)|Ryu]] contemplating the death of his master, [[Gouken]]. As he's thinking about this, a shootout is taking place nearby. [[Chun-Li]], an agent of [[International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol|Interpol]], is engaged in combat with several thugs from the [[Shadoloo|Shadowlaw]] organization. The situation takes a turn for the worse when a small boy is taken hostage by one of the thugs. It is at that point that Ryu jumps in, rescues the boy, and wreaks his special brand of [[Ansatsuken]] havoc on the criminals. Both Chun-Li and [[Sakura Kasugano|Sakura]], an energetic [[high school]] girl, are in awe of his skill.

Ryu returns to Gouken's grave to pay his respects, when he suddenly has a strange vision, in which [[Rose (Street Fighter)|Rose]] tells him that he must grow stronger in order to control the darkness. This vision is interrupted, however, when Ryu encounters his old friend and training partner, [[Ken Masters|Ken]]. As they place flowers on the tomb, and Ken leaves to get some water for them, Ryu is suddenly overcome by the power of the ''[[Satsui No Hadou]]'', with images of the warrior [[Akuma (Street Fighter)|Akuma]] flash through his mind. Ken rushes back up to Ryu when he witnesses a large release of energy from his general area. He sees Ryu lying on the ground, and a young boy standing near him.

The boy reveals himself to be Shun, Ryu's little brother, though both Ryu and Ken have their doubts. Regardless, they let him train and live with them for a while. One night, though, the ''Dark Hadou'' swells within him again. After Ken calms him down, Ryu tells him to kill him if the power ever completely overtakes him. Later, a new ''Street Fighter'' tournament is announced. Ken and Shun are both prepared to enter, but Ryu decides it best that he stay out, for fear of the ''Satsui No Hadou'' within him.

As they seek out the location of the tournament, Ryu and Shun are attacked by a few rowdy street thugs. Shun displays his skill by beating the thugs senseless, but then he begins to take it overboard, almost strangling one to death, until Ryu tells him to stop. They're located by Chun-Li, who requests Ryu's help in tracking down Shadowlaw. As they enter the tournament building, they witness a rather bloody battle between [[Dan Hibiki|Dan]] and [[Vega (Street Fighter)|Vega]].

Meanwhile, Ken runs into Sakura, who's being attacked by drunks in a [[bar (establishment)|bar]]. Ken promptly takes them out, and when Sakura asks if he knows Ryu, he takes her to the place where he left the brothers, only to find that they aren't there. They proceed into the tournament building, but Ken discovers that it's too late to sign up. Instead, he decides to go witness the fight already occurring. At this point, Shun is fighting the burly [[Russia|Russian]] [[professional wrestling|wrestler]], [[Zangief]]. Shun holds his own for a while, displaying the same raw brutality that he did in the previous fight. However, when Ryu starts to see that Shun is in trouble, he intervenes in the fight. At that point, the ''Satsui No Hadou'' begins to corrupt his mind once again. Ryu fires off a ''Hadoken'' which just barely misses Zangief, but causes the building to collapse. Zangief falls through the crumbling floor. Dr. Sadler, the sponsor of the tournament, is impressed by Ryu's power. As Ryu asks Shun where he learned the power of the ''Satsui No Hadou'', they are approached by a gigantic [[cyborg]] of Dr. Sadler's, who attacks Ryu. Chun-Li jumps into the fight, but neither of them have much success against the beast, and just as it's about to blast Ryu into an unconscious state, Shun gets in the way and takes the shot for him. The ''Satsui No Hadou'' overtakes Ryu again, and he incinerates the cyborg with a ''Shinku Hadoken''. Shun is then carried away by Shadowlaw agents in a [[helicopter]]. Ken carries Sakura, who now has a broken leg, to the [[hospital]].

At this point, Ryu has completely lost the will to fight, even allowing a few street thugs, who he typically would have taken care of in a matter of seconds, to beat him to a pulp. Ken visits Sakura in the hospital, telling her only to continue fighting if she's really serious about it, because it's also a road to pain. Ryu has another vision with Rose, who tells him to save Shun from both Dr. Sadler and from himself. Ryu eventually decides that he's going to rescue Shun, but first, he has to see somebody.

Ryu and Chun-Li venture out to a wheat field filled with what look like wooden tombs. Akuma's voice can be heard, and he recognizes Ryu as a student of Gouken. It is apparent that Ryu has come here to test his self-control over the ''Satsui No Hadou''. He then asks Akuma if he has a son, referring to Shun. Akuma wanders off, telling him that where he goes, he goes alone.

Ryu is later confronted by Ken, who wants to remind him that he can be strong without resorting to murder. As they both lie on the ground, breathing heavily, Ryu once again asks Ken to kill him if the ''Satsui No Hadou'' completely consumes him. Ken tries to convince him that he definitely won't.

Ryu, Ken, and Chun-Li decide to fly out to Sadler's laboratory, bringing along with them [[Birdie (Street Fighter)|Birdie]], [[Adon]], [[Guy (Final Fight)|Guy]], [[Rolento Schugerg|Rolento]], [[Dhalsim]], and Dan. Upon their landing, they also run into the Japanese wannabe [[Sodom (Final Fight)|Sodom]].

The various fighters duke it out in Sadler's arena, while Ryu, Ken, and Chun-Li investigate. Birdie, being the first winner, is gassed and imprisoned. Later, he's freed by Ken and Chun-Li. Ryu wanders off and finds a garden filled with children in white robes. Shun is there, and he stares soullessly at Ryu, but then suddenly crumbles to the ground and starts convulsing, apologizing to Sadler.

As Ken and Chun-Li carry away Birdie, they are attacked by the same type of cyborg that attacked Ryu during the tournament. It makes quick work of Birdie, and Ken tells Chun-Li to leave with him while he stays behind and fights the cyborg. It fires a blast of energy at Ken, then captures Birdie and tries to carry him off. Birdie wakes up and tries to sneak attack the cyborg, but he's quickly defeated once again. Chun-Li tries to take him down too, but she's also defeated. Ken returns, and the cyborg takes a lot out of him, but Ken attempts to stay up and continue the fight. Ryu arrives at the scene, only to realize that the cyborg they've been fighting is actually Shun, who has been luring him into a trap. He tells Ryu that if he doesn't use the ''Satsui No Hadou'', Ken will die. Ryu attempts to take him down without using any lethal techniques, but as he does, the data from the fight is pumped into Sadler's body, making him more powerful. None of his attacks are particularly effective, and Shun keeps taunting him. He becomes enraged as Shun proceeds to do some more damage to his already beaten friends. Ryu gives in to the ''Satsui No Hadou'' once again, firing a ''Hadoken'' right through the cyborg's abdomen, blasting Shun out of its body.

Sadler then emerges from his lab, with a new, pumped up body, and pounds on Ryu quite a bit. As Ryu powers up a ''Messatsu Gouhadou'', his friends, as well as Shun, attempt to stop him from using the ''Satsui No Hadou''. Ryu returns himself to his normal state, and fires a ''Shinku Hadoken'' that destroys Sadler.

Shun tells Ryu that the reason he lied and worked for Sadler was so he could get money for him and his mother to survive. Before Shun dies, Ryu tells him that he'll never use the ''Satsui No Hadou'' again.

The movie ends with the fighters returning to their normal lives, and a sparring match between Ryu and Akuma.

==Trivia==

* ''Street Fighter Alpha'' got mixed reviews. The animation and music are generally liked, as well as the fighting scenes, but there are also many who think they were trying to make it deeper than it really was, and some complain that Akuma, who was sort-of portrayed as the main villain, didn't get nearly enough screen-time. It seems to mostly be a love it or hate it movie.
* In the [[English language|English]] version, [[Steven Blum|Steven Jay Blum]] (the voice of Ken), mispronounces the ''Shoryuken'' as the "Shoruken."
* In the hospital, Sakura is playing the [[WonderSwan]] version of ''[[Pocket Fighter]]''. In the game, Chun-Li is fighting [[Ibuki]].
*Birdie is English, but speaks with an American accent.

==Related Links==

[http://www.streetfighteralpha.com Manga Entertainment's Official ''Street Fighter Alpha: The Movie'' Page]

[[Category:Films based on computer and video games]]

Valleyspeak

2006-02-05T01:18:47Z

64.12.117.9: /* Vocabulary */

'''Valspeak''' is a common name for the dialect used by [[valley girl|valley girls]], stereotypical dumb [[blondes]], living in the [[San Fernando Valley]], with rich parents, a superficial social life and a lot of attention for fashion and parties. This stereotype originated in the [[1970s]], but was at its peak in the [[1980s]] and still popular in the [[1990s]].

The term "Valley Girl" and the Valley manner of speech was given a wider circulation with the release of the record by [[Moon Unit Zappa]], the fourteen-year-old daughter of [[Frank Zappa]], which consisted of Moon speaking a series of meaningless phrases in "valspeak" behind the music. Some of the terms used by Moon were not actually Valley phrases, but were [[Surfing|surfer]] terms instead (such as "tubular" and "gnarly"). But due to the song's popularity some of the surfer phrases actually entered the speech of real Valley teens after this point. The Los Angeles surfing subculture, on the other hand, did not generally begin using the Valley terms.

===Intonation===

* Excessive use of [[high rising terminal]]. Statements have rising intonation.
''But you were hardly even married to his mother and that was five years ago.''

===Emphasizing phrases===
'''"totally", "so totally"'''
*Meaning: "very" or "really"
*Usage: Can be used anywhere in a sentence, even in syntactically awkward positions even before verbs
*Examples: "I totally paused!", "He so totally said that to her!"

'''"like"'''
*Meaning: "let's say"
*Usage: Usually appears before the subject in a sentence.
*Example: "So OK, you're probably thinking, 'Is this, like, a Noxema commercial, or what?!'"

'''"(to be) like"'''
*Usage: Expresses a state of emotion or a stance.
*Example: "She was like 'oh my gawd you have to see this', but I was like, 'no way, you're kidding!'"

'''"why"'''
*Usage: Added for emphasis, but has no particular meaning.
*Example: "Oh, why, that came out of nowhere!"

'''"duh!"'''
*Meaning: "Everybody knows that!", "I can't believe you (think) that!", etc.
*Usage: Usually said with heavy emphasis, often while rolling your eyes. Commonly begins a sentence or phrase, or is its own sentence.
*Example: "Did you write that? Duh, it's like a famous quote!"

'''"As if!"'''
*Meaning: "I don't want to", "I'm not going to", etc.
*Usage: Used in its own sentence, usually to contradict the previous sentence or demonstrate skepticism.
*Example: "You expect me to wear that? As if!"

'''"Whatever!"'''
*Meaning: "I don't believe you", "I don't care", etc.
*Usage: Used as a complete sentence to dismiss a topic. Special emphasis is placed on "Ever".
*Example: "You're, like, so totally out of nail polish? What-EVER!"

'''"Worst (something) ever!"'''
*Meaning: Short for "This is the worst (something) I have ever seen!"
*Usage: Usually said with significant pauses between each word, so that each word could be considered a complete sentence by itself.
*Example: "Worst. Movie. Ever!"

'''"so", "OK", "you know", "or something"'''
*Usage: Used as fillers with no particular meaning.
*Example: "So OK, I was totally like, you know, so 'I have no idea' or something!"

''(Also see Vocabulary below.)''

==Other characteristics==
The dialect can often be distinguished by its intonation, and by its [[pharyngealisation]] of certain consonant sounds, particularly the "L" and [[rhotic]] "R" sounds occurring in the [[syllable coda|coda]]. [[Pharyngealisation]] is rare in the English language and its presence here is possibly unique within [[American English]], though it is detectable in similar circumstances in some variants of [[Irish English]] and [[Scottish English]].

==Vocabulary==

{| class="wikitable"
! Word !! Definition
|-
| Airhead || An intellectual lightweight ''(e.g. a valley girl)''
|-
| Audi (500) || Out of here ''(e.g. I'm audi.)''
|-
| Baldwin || Handsome boy or man ''(from the [[Baldwin brothers]])''
|-
| Barf bag || Jerk
|-
|Barney || An unattractive boy or man (presumably from the [[Flintstones]] character Barney Rubble)
|-
| Betty || Beautiful girl or woman (stated on the Whatever! dvd edition that the term 'betty' comes from The Flintstones character Betty Rubble)
|-
| Bitchin' || Cool
|-
| Dweeb || Nerd
|-
| Classic || Great
|-
| Fiesta || Party
|-
| Fer sure! || Certainly
|-
| Gag me with a spoon! || That's disgusting (from a method of inducing vomiting)
|-
| Gnarly || Good
|-
| Grody || Disgusting ''(e.g. grody to the max)'' (from "grotesque")
|-
| I'm so sure! || (spoken sarcastically) I don't believe you.
|-
| Joanie || Unhip girl ''(from the Joanie Cunningham character on Happy Days)''
|-
| Loadie || Stoned boy or girl
|-
| Monet || Someone (or thing) that looks good from afar, but up close it's a total mess. (e.g., "That hag is a full on Monet!")
|-
| Psych! || Just kidding
|-
| Rad || Very cool (from "radical")
|-
| Sketchy || Weird/suspicious (e.g., "''that'' guy looks sketchy"; "I dunno, you were acting kind of sketchy about [x]."
|-
| To the max || More of the preceding adjective ''(e.g. grody to the max)''
|-
| Tubular || ''Very'' cool
|-
| UVs || Sunshine. ''(e.g. I'm heading down to the beach to get some UVs.)''
|-
| to Veg (out) || To rest (from "vegetate")
|}

==See also==
* [[California English]]
* [[Valspeak filter]] - a novelty program that translates English into Valspeak.
* [[Pink Five]] - a [[Star Wars]] parody fanfilm starring a Valley girl

==External links==
*[http://www.80s.com/Entertainment/ValleyURL/ "Valspeak" website translator]
*[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/jbc/home/chef.html "Valspeak" text translator]
*[http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/5342/Clueless.htm Clueless: the script]
[[Category:1980s fads]]
[[Category:Slang]]
[[Category:Forms of English]]

Street Fighter Alpha – Der Film

2006-01-24T07:22:49Z

64.12.117.9: /* Story */

'''''Street Fighter Alpha''''' ('''''Street Fighter Zero: The Animation''''' in [[Japan]]) is a [[film|movie]] based on the popular [[fighting game]], ''[[Street Fighter Alpha|Street Fighter Alpha 2]]''. It was created in [[1999]]. It was [[film director|directed]] by Shigeyasu Yamauchi, with character designs by Yoshihiko Umakoshi. It was dubbed in [[2000]] by [[Manga Entertainment]].

==Story==

{{spoiler}}

The story begins with the [[martial art|martial artist]] [[Ryu (Street Fighter)|Ryu]] contemplating the death of his master, [[Gouken]]. As he's thinking about this, a shootout is taking place nearby. [[Chun-Li]], an agent of [[International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol|Interpol]], is engaged in combat with several thugs from the [[Shadoloo|Shadowlaw]] organization. The situation takes a turn for the worse when a small boy is taken hostage by one of the thugs. It is at that point that Ryu jumps in, rescues the boy, and wreaks his special brand of [[Ansatsuken]] havoc on the criminals. Both Chun-Li and [[Sakura Kasugano|Sakura]], an energetic [[high school]] girl, are in awe of his skill.

Ryu returns to Gouken's grave to pay his respects, when he suddenly has a strange vision, in which [[Rose (Street Fighter)|Rose]] tells him that he must grow stronger in order to control the darkness. This vision is interrupted, however, when Ryu encounters his old friend and training partner, [[Ken Masters|Ken]]. As they place flowers on the tomb, and Ken leaves to get some water for them, Ryu is suddenly overcome by the power of the ''[[Satsui No Hadou]]'', with images of the warrior [[Akuma (Street Fighter)|Akuma]] flash through his mind. Ken rushes back up to Ryu when he witnesses a large release of energy from his general area. He sees Ryu lying on the ground, and a young boy standing near him.

The boy reveals himself to be Shun, Ryu's little brother, though both Ryu and Ken have their doubts. Regardless, they let him train and live with them for a while. One night, though, the ''Dark Hadou'' swells within him again. After Ken calms him down, Ryu tells him to kill him if the power ever completely overtakes him. Later, a new ''Street Fighter'' tournament is announced. Ken and Shun are both prepared to enter, but Ryu decides it best that he stay out, for fear of the ''Satsui No Hadou'' within him.

As they seek out the location of the tournament, Ryu and Shun are attacked by a few rowdy street thugs. Shun displays his skill by beating the thugs senseless, but then he begins to take it overboard, almost strangling one to death, until Ryu tells him to stop. They're located by Chun-Li, who requests Ryu's help in tracking down Shadowlaw. As they enter the tournament building, they witness a rather bloody battle between [[Dan Hibiki|Dan]] and [[Vega (Street Fighter)|Vega]].

Meanwhile, Ken runs into Sakura, who's being attacked by drunks in a [[bar (establishment)|bar]]. Ken promptly takes them out, and when Sakura asks if he knows Ryu, he takes her to the place where he left the brothers, only to find that they aren't there. They proceed into the tournament building, but Ken discovers that it's too late to sign up. Instead, he decides to go witness the fight already occurring. At this point, Shun is fighting the burly [[Russia|Russian]] [[professional wrestling|wrestler]], [[Zangief]]. Shun holds his own for a while, displaying the same raw brutality that he did in the previous fight. However, when Ryu starts to see that Shun is in trouble, he intervenes in the fight. At that point, the ''Satsui No Hadou'' begins to corrupt his mind once again. Ryu fires off a ''Hadoken'' which just barely misses Zangief, but causes the building to collapse. Zangief falls through the crumbling floor. Dr. Sadler, the sponsor of the tournament, is impressed by Ryu's power. As Ryu asks Shun where he learned the power of the ''Satsui No Hadou'', they are approached by a gigantic [[cyborg]] of Dr. Sadler's, who attacks Ryu. Chun-Li jumps into the fight, but neither of them have much success against the beast, and just as it's about to blast Ryu into an unconscious state, Shun gets in the way and takes the shot for him. The ''Satsui No Hadou'' overtakes Ryu again, and he incinerates the cyborg with a ''Shinku Hadoken''. Shun is then carried away by Shadowlaw agents in a [[helicopter]]. Ken carries Sakura, who now has a broken leg, to the [[hospital]].

At this point, Ryu has completely lost the will to fight, even allowing a few street thugs, who he typically would have taken care of in a matter of seconds, to beat him to a pulp. Ken visits Sakura in the hospital, telling her only to continue fighting if she's really serious about it, because it's also a road to pain. Ryu has another vision with Rose, who tells him to save Shun from both Dr. Sadler and from himself. Ryu eventually decides that he's going to rescue Shun, but first, he has to see somebody.

Ryu and Chun-Li venture out to a wheat field filled with what look like wooden tombs. Akuma's voice can be heard, and he recognizes Ryu as a student of Gouken. It is apparent that Ryu has come here to test his self-control over the ''Satsui No Hadou''. He then asks Akuma if he has a son, referring to Shun. Akuma wanders off, telling him that where he goes, he goes alone.

Ryu is later confronted by Ken, who wants to remind him that he can be strong without resorting to murder. As they both lie on the ground, breathing heavily, Ryu once again asks Ken to kill him if the ''Satsui No Hadou'' completely consumes him. Ken tries to convince him that he definitely won't.

Ryu, Ken, and Chun-Li decide to fly out to Sadler's laboratory, bringing along with them [[Birdie (Street Fighter)|Birdie]], [[Adon]], [[Guy (Final Fight)|Guy]], [[Rolento Schugerg|Rolento]], [[Dhalsim]], and Dan. Upon their landing, they also run into the Japanese wannabe [[Sodom (Final Fight)|Sodom]].

The various fighters duke it out in Sadler's arena, while Ryu, Ken, and Chun-Li investigate. Birdie, being the first winner, is gassed and imprisoned. Later, he's freed by Ken and Chun-Li. Ryu wanders off and finds a garden filled with children in white robes. Shun is there, and he stares soullessly at Ryu, but then suddenly crumbles to the ground and starts convulsing, apologizing to Sadler.

As Ken and Chun-Li carry away Birdie, they are attacked by the same type of cyborg that attacked Ryu during the tournament. It makes quick work of Birdie, and Ken tells Chun-Li to leave with him while he stays behind and fights the cyborg. It fires a blast of energy at Ken, then captures Birdie and tries to carry him off. Birdie wakes up and tries to sneak attack the cyborg, but he's quickly defeated once again. Chun-Li tries to take him down too, but she's also defeated. Ken returns, and the cyborg takes a lot out of him, but Ken attempts to stay up and continue the fight. Ryu arrives at the scene, only to realize that the cyborg they've been fighting is actually Shun, who has been luring him into a trap. He tells Ryu that if he doesn't use the ''Satsui No Hadou'', Ken will die. Ryu attempts to take him down without using any lethal techniques, but as he does, the data from the fight is pumped into Sadler's body, making him more powerful. None of his attacks are particularly effective, and Shun keeps taunting him. He becomes enraged as Shun proceeds to do some more damage to his already beaten friends. Ryu gives in to the ''Satsui No Hadou'' once again, firing a ''Hadoken'' right through the cyborg's abdomen, blasting Shun out of its body.

Sadler then emerges from his lab, with a new, pumped up body, and pounds on Ryu quite a bit. As Ryu powers up a ''Messatsu Gouhadou'', his friends, as well as Shun, attempt to stop him from using the ''Satsui No Hadou''. Ryu returns himself to his normal state, and fires a ''Shinku Hadoken'' that destroys Sadler.

Shun tells Ryu that the reason he lied and worked for Sadler was so he could get money for him and his mother to survive. Before Shun dies, Ryu tells him that he'll never use the ''Satsui No Hadou'' again.

The movie ends with the fighters returning to their normal lives, and a sparring match between Ryu and Akuma.

==Trivia==

* ''Street Fighter Alpha'' got mixed reviews. The animation and music are generally liked, as well as the fighting scenes, but there are also many who think they were trying to make it deeper than it really was, and some complain that Akuma, who was sort-of portrayed as the main villain, didn't get nearly enough screen-time. It seems to mostly be a love it or hate it movie.
* In the [[English language|English]] version, [[Steven Blum|Steven Jay Blum]] (the voice of Ken), mispronounces the ''Shoryuken'' as the "Shoruken."
* In the hospital, Sakura is playing the [[WonderSwan]] version of ''[[Pocket Fighter]]''. In the game, Chun-Li is fighting [[Ibuki]].
*Birdie is English, but speaks with an American accent.

==Related Links==

[http://www.streetfighteralpha.com Manga Entertainment's Official ''Street Fighter Alpha: The Movie'' Page]

[[Category:Films based on computer and video games]]

Hartwig Zürn

2005-07-25T16:56:38Z

64.12.117.9:

'''Hartwig Zürn''' (* [[11. April]] [[1916]] in [[Altensteig]]; † [[20. Dezember]] [[2001]] in Altensteig) war ein deutscher [[Ur- und Frühgeschichte|Prähistoriker]] und [[Landeskonservator]] in Nordwürttemberg, ab 1972 im Landesdenkmalamt [[Baden-Württemberg]].

Sein Forschungsschwerpunkt lag in der [[Hallstattzeit]], der bereits [[1941]] seine Tübinger [[Dissertation]] galt. Er untergliederte die späte Hallstattzeit ausgehend von Funden der [[Schwäbische Alb|Schwäbischen Alb]] anhand der [[Fibel]]n (Ha D1 - Ha D3). Bedeutend wurden seine Grabungen in dem [[Fürstengrab]] des [[Grafenbühl]] bei [[Asperg]] sowie anderen Grabhügeln in Nordwürttemberg ([[Mühlacker]], [[Böblingen]], [[Hegnach]]). Dabei entdeckte er auch den ''[[Hirschlanden|Krieger von Hirschlanden]]'', eine figürliche [[Stele]] der Späthallstattzeit.

Daneben führte er viele wichtige Grabungen durch. Genannt seinen hier nur die Untersuchungen in der jungneolithischen Feuchtbodensiedlung von [[Ehrenstein]] in der Schussenrieder Siedlung Ludwigsburg-Schlösslesfeld sowie in der [[Viereckschanze]] von [[Tomerdingen]]. Thematisch deckte er fast alle Perioden vom [[Mesolithikum]] bis ins [[Mittelalter]] hinein ab.
Als [[Denkmalpflege]]r lag ihm sehr an einem Kontakt mit den ehrenamtlichen Mitarbeitern, die vielfach noch lange nach seiner Pensionierung privaten Kontakt zu ihm hielten. Zürn war daher [[1963]] Initiator und Mitbegründer der ''Gesellschaft für Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Württemberg und Hohenzollern''. Mustergültig sind seine Editionen von Sammlungsbeständen und seine Kataloge von Geländedenkmälern. Als Herausgeber der Fundberichte aus Schwaben, später der Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg legte er Wert auf die Publikationen der Fundchronik, die er auch als Tätigkeitsbericht der Bodendenkmalpflege betrachtete.

==Publikationen (Auswahl)==
*Lüning, Jens/ Zürn, Hartwig: D''ie Schussenrieder Siedlung im 'Schlößlesfeld', Markung Ludwigsburg.'' Forsch. u. Ber. Vor- u. Frühgesch. Bad.-Württ. 8, Stuttgart 1977
*Pirling, Renate/ Wels-Weyrauch, U./ Zürn, Hartwig: ''Die mittlere Bronzezeit auf der Schwäbischen Alb.'' PBF XX,3, München 1980
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Die vor- und frühgeschichtlichen Geländedenkmale und die mittelalterlichen Burgstellen der Kreise Göppingen und Ulm.'' Veröff. Staatl. Amt Denkmalpfl. Stuttgart A 6, Stuttgart 1961
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Eine frühmittelalterliche Siedlung bei Geislingen a.d. Steige-Altenstadt (Kreis Göppingen).'' In: Fundber. Schwaben N.F. 14, 1957, 145-148
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Katalog Schwäbisch Hall.'' Veröff. Staatl. Amt Denkmalpfl. Stuttgart A 9, Stuttgart 1966
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Grabungen im Oppidum von Finsterlohr.'' In: Fundber. Bad.-Württ. 3, 1977, 231-264
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Zum Übergang von Späthallstatt zu Latène A im südwestdeutschen Raum.'' In: [[Germania]] 30, 1952, 38-45
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Das jungsteinzeitliche Dorf Ehrenstein (Kreis Ulm). Ausgrabung 1960. Teil I: Die Baugeschichte.'' Veröff. Staatl. Amt Denkmalpfl. Stuttgart A 10/1, Stuttgart 1965
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Ein jungsteinzeitlicher Grabhügel bei Unterjettingen (Kr. Böblingen).'' In: Fundber. Schwaben N.F. 14, 1957, 133-138
*Zürn, Hartwig ''Ein römischer Gutshof bei Oberriexingen.'' In: Fundber. Schwaben N.F. 16, 1962, 167ff.
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Zur Keramik der späten Hallstattzeit.'' In: [[Germania]] 27, 1943, 20-35
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Hallstattforschungen in Nordwürttemberg Die Grabhügel von Asperg (Kr. Ludwigsburg), Hirschlanden (Kr. Leonberg) und Mühlacker (Kr. Vaihingen).'' Veröff. Staatl. Amt Denkmalpfl. Stuttgart A 16, Stuttgart, 1970
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Hallstattzeitliche Grabfunde aus Württemberg und Hohenzollern.'' Forsch. u. Ber. Vor- u. Frühgesch. Bad.-Württ. 25. Stuttgart 1988
*Zürn, Hartwig: Z''ur Chronologie der späten Hallstattzeit.'' In: [[Germania]] 26, 1942, 116-124
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Die Hallstattzeit in Württemberg.'' (Tübingen 1941)
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Katalog Zainingen. Ein hallstattzeitliches Grabhügelfeld.'' Veröff. Staatl. Amt Denkmalpfl. Stuttgart A 4, Stuttgart, 1957
*Zürn, Hartwig: ''Zur Chronologie der Alb-Salem-Keramik.'' In: [[Germania]] 35, 1957, 224-229
*Zürn, Hartwig/ Fischer, Franz: ''Die keltische Viereckschanze von Tomerdingen.'' Materialh. Vor- u. Frühgesch. Bad.-Württ. 14, Stuttgart, 1991

==Nachruf==
* Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg 31, 2002, 263-264 (D. Planck).

== Weblinks ==
* {{PND|116004290}}

[[Kategorie:Mann|Zürn, Hartwig]]
[[Kategorie:Archäologe|Zürn, Hartwig]]

{{Personendaten|
NAME=Zürn, Hartwig
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=deutscher Prähistoriker und Landeskonservator in Nordwürttemberg
|GEBURTSDATUM=11. April 1916
|GEBURTSORT=Altensteig, Deutschland
|STERBEDATUM=20. Dezember 2001
|STERBEORT=Altensteig, Deutschland
}}

Liste der US-amerikanischen Metropolregionen mit Profimannschaften in jeder der vier professionellen Sportligen

2005-07-09T00:19:24Z

64.12.117.9:

In the [[United States]], the four prominent major sports leagues are [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB), the [[National Football League]] (NFL), the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA), and the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). There are currently 13 metropolitan areas that have at least one team in each major sports league.

Of these cities, the only ones with a team in each sport that plays within the political boundaries of the city at the center of its [[United States metropolitan areas|metropolitan area]] are [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], and [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. In the [[Minneapolis-St. Paul|Twin Cities]] area, three of the teams play in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]] and one plays in [[St. Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]]. In the [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]], all teams play in one of the region's three major cities ([[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]). All other areas have at least one sport represented solely by teams that play in a city's suburbs. Teams that play in a suburban location are indicated in ''italics''.

The most common sport to have two separate teams within one metropolitan area is baseball, with the cities being Chicago, New York, LA, and San Francisco. The metropolitan area with the least population to have at least one team in each of the four major sports is the [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] area, the 23rd largest in population, with 2,196,028 people as of 2000. However, as Denver is the nexus for a vast area of the [[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] region, the city's influence far exceeds its population ranking and therefore supports franchises in all four major professional sports. The metropolitan area with the most population not to have at least one team in each of the four major sports is the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]], the 2nd largest in population, with 17,545,623 people. This area has two baseball teams (the [[Los Angeles Dodgers|Dodgers]] and [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim|Angels]]), two basketball teams (the [[Los Angeles Lakers|Lakers]] and [[Los Angeles Clippers|Clippers]]), two hockey teams (the [[Los Angeles Kings|Kings]] and [[Anaheim Mighty Ducks|Mighty Ducks]]), but has not had an NFL franchise since 1994 when both of its franchises controversially relocated. With the New Jersey Nets moving to Brooklyn in 2006, New York City will be the only city in America with two franchises in each major professional U.S. sport within its state and metropolitan boundaries.

The most recent city to be added to this list is Washington D.C., whom at the start of the 2005 MLB Season are the hosts of the Nationals, formerly the [[Montreal Expos]]. D.C. hasn't had a MLB team since 1972, when the Senators moved to Texas. (However, it could be argued that the [[Baltimore Orioles]] previously served as Washington's baseball team, since the cities of [[Baltimore]] and Washington are less than 40 miles apart. In fact, the Orioles' dependence on Washington is great enough such that they have sought concessions from [[Major League Baseball]] in response to the new Washington team.)

The year of the most recent championship that each franchise won while in its current metropolitan area is indicated in parentheses. The population ranking of the metropolitan area among all those of the United States is indicated in brackets.

{| border=1 cellpadding=2 style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
!Metropolitan Area
!MLB Team
!NFL Team
!NBA Team
!NHL Team
|-
|[[Atlanta, Georgia]] <nowiki>[11]</nowiki>
|[[Atlanta Braves|Braves]] (1995)
|[[Atlanta Falcons|Falcons]]
|[[Atlanta Hawks|Hawks]]
|[[Atlanta Thrashers|Thrashers]]
|-
|[[Boston, Massachusetts]] <nowiki>[10]</nowiki>
|[[Boston Red Sox|Red Sox]] (2004)
|''[[New England Patriots|Patriots]]'' (2004)
|[[Boston Celtics|Celtics]] (1986)
|[[Boston Bruins|Bruins]] (1972)
|-
|[[Chicago, Illinois]] <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>
|[[Chicago White Sox|White Sox]] (1917), [[Chicago Cubs|Cubs]] (1908)
|[[Chicago Bears|Bears]] (1985)
|[[Chicago Bulls|Bulls]] (1998)
|[[Chicago Blackhawks|Blackhawks]] (1961)
|-
|[[Dallas, Texas]] <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>
|''[[Texas Rangers|Rangers]]''
|''[[Dallas Cowboys|Cowboys]]'' (1995)
|[[Dallas Mavericks|Mavericks]]
|[[Dallas Stars|Stars]] (1999)
|-
|[[Denver, Colorado]] <nowiki>[23]</nowiki>
|[[Colorado Rockies|Rockies]]
|[[Denver Broncos|Broncos]] (1998)
|[[Denver Nuggets|Nuggets]]
|[[Colorado Avalanche|Avalanche]] (2001)
|-
|[[Detroit, Michigan]] <nowiki>[9]</nowiki>
|[[Detroit Tigers|Tigers]] (1984)
|[[Detroit Lions|Lions]] (1957)
|''[[Detroit Pistons|Pistons]]'' (2004)
|[[Detroit Red Wings|Red Wings]] (2002)
|-
|[[Miami, Florida]] <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>
|[[Florida Marlins|Marlins]] (2003)
|[[Miami Dolphins|Dolphins]] (1973)
|[[Miami Heat|Heat]]
|''[[Florida Panthers|Panthers]]''
|-
|[[Minneapolis-St. Paul|Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota]] <nowiki>[16]</nowiki>
|[[Minnesota Twins|Twins]] (1991)
|[[Minnesota Vikings|Vikings]]
|[[Minnesota Timberwolves|Timberwolves]]
|[[Minnesota Wild|Wild]]
|-
|[[New York City|New York, New York]] <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>
|[[New York Yankees|Yankees]] (2000), [[New York Mets|Mets]] (1986)
|''[[New York Giants|Giants]]'' (1990), ''[[New York Jets|Jets]]'' (1968)
|[[New York Knicks|Knicks]] (1973), ''[[New Jersey Nets|Nets]]''
|''[[New Jersey Devils|Devils]]'' (2003), [[New York Rangers|Rangers]] (1994), ''[[New York Islanders|Islanders]]'' (1983)
|-
|[[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>
|[[Philadelphia Phillies|Phillies]] (1980)
|[[Philadelphia Eagles|Eagles]] (1960)
|[[Philadelphia 76ers|76ers]] (1983)
|[[Philadelphia Flyers|Flyers]] (1975)
|-
|[[Phoenix, Arizona]] <nowiki>[14]</nowiki>
|[[Arizona Diamondbacks|Diamondbacks]] (2001)
|''[[Arizona Cardinals|Cardinals]]''
|[[Phoenix Suns|Suns]]
|''[[Phoenix Coyotes|Coyotes]]''
|-
|[[San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco Bay Area, California]] <nowiki>[12]</nowiki>
|[[Oakland Athletics|Athletics]] (1989), [[San Francisco Giants|Giants]]
|[[San Francisco 49ers|49ers]] (1994), [[Oakland Raiders|Raiders]] (1980)
|[[Golden State Warriors|Warriors]] (1975)
|[[San Jose Sharks|Sharks]]
|-
|[[Washington, DC]] <nowiki>[7]</nowiki>
|[[Washington Nationals|Nationals]]
|''[[Washington Redskins|Redskins]]'' (1991)
|[[Washington Wizards|Wizards]] (1978)
|[[Washington Capitals|Capitals]]
|}

Heimcomputer

2004-04-14T08:33:41Z

64.12.117.9:

[[en:Home computer]]
[[pl:Komputer osobisty]]

"'''Heimcomputer'''" war eine in den [[1980er]] Jahren gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für [[Computer]], die vor allem [[privat]] genutzt wurden und deswegen eine andere Ausstattung hatten als der damals typische [[PC|Personalcomputer]]. Der Begriff des Personalcomputers war dabei damals noch nicht zwingend mit dem besetzt, was heutzutage unter einem [[PC]] verstanden wird (die Nachfolger und IBM-kompatiblen des Ur-IBM-PCs), sondern auch Heimcomputer wie der [[C64]] trugen die Aufschrift Personalcomputer.

Die Entwicklung der Heimcomputer ging dabei einher mit der Entwicklung der [[Spielkonsole]]n und [[Computerspiel]]en. Von einigen Heimcomputermodellen gab es sogar identische Geräte als Spielkonsole, welchen nur die [[Tastatur]] fehlte.

==Die Anfänge==

Die Anfänge der Heimcomputer liegen in den [[1970er]] Jahren, als von einigen Firmen Bausätze für kleine Computer vertrieben wurden. Die drei ersten Computer (ab der [[Consumer Electronics Show]] [[1977]]), die nicht als Bausatz vertrieben wurden, waren der [[TRS-80]] von Radio Shack, einer Ladenkette für Radios und Fernseher in den USA, der [[Apple II]] und der [[Commodore PET 2001]]. Ein weiterer früher Heimcomputer war der [[VC20]] von Commodore.

==Die Technik==

Als Massenspeicher wurden handelsübliche Audio-Kassetten genutzt,
teilweise mit speziellen einfachen Kassettenrekordern, den [[Datasette]]n. Diskettenlaufwerke gab es meist als Zubehör, wobei diese oft den Preis des Grundgeräts erreichten oder übertrafen. Als Bildschirm diente meist der Fernseher statt eines speziellen Computermonitors. [[Betriebssystem]] und [[BASIC]] als Programmiersprache waren oft im [[ROM]] gespeichert und bildeten eine Einheit, mussten also nicht beim Start geladen werden. Außerdem waren die Heimcomputer mit einem [[Grafikchip]] und einem [[Soundchip]] bestückt und waren in der Lage, einfache [[Grafik]]en darzustellen. Die ersten Heimcomputer nutzten [[8-bit-Prozessor]]en, zum Beispiel den [[Z80]] oder [[6502]]-Derivate, gegen Mitte bis Ende der 80er Jahre wurden diese von 16-bit-Typen wie dem [[Motorola 68000]] ersetzt.
Die Grafik- und Soundfähigkeiten wurden komplexer sowie Anschluss von Festplatten und anderer PC-Peripherie möglich.

==Der Niedergang==

Von Anfang bis ca. Mitte der 90er Jahre fand der Niedergang der Heimcomputer statt. Der Markt für Heimcomputer war zersplittert, den beteiligten Firmen unterliefen einige unternehmerische Fehler. Der PC baute vor allem durch fallende Preise seinen Verbreitungsgrad aus und holte bei den Multimediafähigkeiten stark auf. Waren diese 1988 noch weit schlechter als bei Heimcomputern, so hatte 1994 der PC sämtliche Heimcomputer deutlich überholt.

==Bekannte Heimcomputer==
*[[Acorn]]
*[[Atari]]
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProjekt_Commodore|Commodore]]
*[[Mattel]]
*[[Nascom]]
*[[Schneider_CPC|Schneider]]([[Amstrad]])
*[[Sinclair]]
*[[Sharp]]
*[[Tandy]]
*[[TI99/4A|TI]]
*[[Triumph-Adler]]
*[[Robotron]] (aus der ehem. DDR)

siehe auch: [[Heimcomputer in Osteuropa]]

==Weblinks:==
*[http://www.hchistory.de/ www.hchistory.de] - Heimcomputergeschichte
*[http://www.8bit-museum.de/ www.8bit-museum.de] - Das 8Bit-Museum.de