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Arthur Bremer

2006-11-13T12:00:52Z

64.12.117.14: /* Aftermath */

[[image:Arthur_bremer.jpg|right|Arthur Bremer]]
'''Arthur Herman Bremer''' (born [[August 21]] [[1950]]), the son of a [[Milwaukee]] truck driver, shot [[United States|US]] [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[George Wallace]] on [[May 15]], [[1972]] in [[Laurel, Maryland|Laurel]], [[Maryland]], leaving him paralyzed for life.

==Background==

Arthur Bremer was the fourth of five children of truck driver William Bremer and his homemaker wife Sylvia. He grew up in Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]] in a [[working-class]] household. It was a family in which chilly silences were broken by screaming rows. The one-paycheck family of seven was financially troubled and William soothed his tensions with drink. Booze exacerbated his tendency toward withdrawal, a tendency that frustrated Sylvia and led her to lash out, causing many noisy arguments in the household. Sometimes an infuriated Sylvia would lock her husband out of the house. At other times, she got back at him by refusing to cook meals. Arthur was closer to his father, who tried in his own way to be a good parent, by taking his children to parades and once to a vacation on a lake. His relations with both parents were distant.

Bremer seemed developmentally delayed as he did not speak until he was four years old. However, when he entered school, teachers believed him to be slightly above average in intelligence although his grades were never better than mediocre.

School was an ordeal. Tongue-tied and self-conscious, he could not make friends. Other children did not invite him into playground games, choosing instead to either ignore or taunt him.
In a diary he wrote, "No English or history test was ever as hard, no math final exam ever as difficult as waiting in a school lunch line alone, waiting to eat alone . . . while hundreds huddled & gossiped and roared, & laughed and stared at me . . .".

Bremer also wrote "No one ever noticed me nor took interest in me as an individual with the need to receive or give love. In junior high school, I was an object of pure ridicule for my dress, withdrawal, and asocial manner. Dozens of times, I saw individuals laugh and smile more in ten to fifteen minutes than I did in all my life up to then".

His loveless and tension-racked home offered no relief, but fantasy did as Bremer wrote in a school essay that he often pretended he "was living with a television family and there was no yelling at home and no one hit me."

Fantasies of suicide preoccupied Bremer when he was about nine years old. He often imagined lying down across the railroad tracks near his home and waiting until a train crushed him and ended his misery. The one bright spot in his life was the neighborhood [[church]] that he enjoyed attending. He contemplated entering the priesthood when he grew up. When his family moved from that neighborhood, he stopped going to church. Lacking the solace church had afforded him, Bremer’s spirits sank even further. He failed the fifth grade. Later, he made up his mind to commit suicide by age 13, but did not.

Despite his obvious problems, he was not the type of youth who attracted adult concern. He was not rebellious and did not talk back to teachers. He did not drink or drive recklessly. He took no drugs, possibly because he had no friends who would offer him any. He was the type of withdrawn teenager who is in deep emotional trouble but whose problems are easily overlooked because they do not involve the active sorts of transgressions authority figures focus on. Variously described as "strange" and "withdrawn", Bremer had no close friends and rarely, if ever, acknowledged neighbors' greetings. Despite this, he graduated from high school in November [[1968]].

From [[1969]] Bremer worked as a [[busboy]] at the Men's Grill in the Milwaukee Athletic Club and also added an additional $2.70 an hour job as a janitor at Story [[Elementary School]] in the fall of [[1970]]. At the time he obtained his second job, he also studied photography at the [[Milwaukee Area Technical College]]. However, after registering for the spring [[1971]] semester at MATC, Bremer dropped out and then moved out of his parents' home that [[October]], after a fall-out with his father.

At the Athletic club, Bremer was described as "a very good worker, very dependable" but one waitress said he was as "weird as hell". However, just after moving out, he was demoted to kitchen work at the Athletic Club after patrons complained of such idiosycracies as his habit of mumbling to himself, talking to himself, his whistling and his marching in time to music being played in the dining room. Unhappy with this demotion, he filed a complaint with the Milwaukee Community Relations Commission which found Bremer was bordering on [[paranoia]].

Residents of his apartment building at 2433 West [[Michigan]] Street where he moved to noted that he always had the same wardrobe: blue suit, white shirt and gray tie. In the furnished third-floor apartment that rented for $137.50 per month, residents stated that he had no visitors other than his mother. He saw no member of his family from just after [[Christmas]] 1971 up to when he shot Wallace.

In one instance during a snowstorm in the [[winter]] of 1971/1972, Bremer chose to drive his car back and forth over the fallen snow, instead of shoveling it like everyone else.

===Previous arrest===

Bremer was arrested on [[November 18]], [[1971]] after being stopped for carrying a concealed weapon. After undergoing a psychiatric evaluation, he was fined for disorderly conduct in [[December]] 1971. Despite this, Bremer was able to purchase a Charter Arms .38 caliber pistol on [[January 13]], [[1972]] from Casanova Guns, Inc. He bought the gun the day after George Wallace announced his second run for the Presidency.

===Romantic relationship===

While working his janitor job, Bremer met Joan Pemrich, a 16-year old hall monitor. Despite the seeming impropriety of his feelings and Bremer's inappropriate behavior, the couple went out on three dates.

On their dates, Pemrich found Bremer's behavior odd and weird. Knowing little of girls and women in the real world, Bremer tried to arouse his teenage girlfriend with the sort of thing that excited females in the crude sex magazines that constituted his sex miseducation. On his first date, he displayed pornographic pictures to Pemrich and made graphic sex talk. He said he could help Pemrich with her hang-ups as he knew a lot about [[psychology]].

Bremer's inappropriate behavior also showed itself at a [[Blood, Sweat and Tears]] concert. Trying to act the suave lothario and attempting to demonstrate his new [[man-about-town]] cool, Bremer pressed a kiss on a woman who was not in their group whilst queueing to get into the concert. The woman promptly reported his action to a police officer who let Bremer off with a warning. Bremer foolishly attempted to impress Pemrich and her friends by dramatically dancing in his seat and clapping when no one else was and swaying back and forth during the concert. After the concert finished, Bremer excitedly whispered to Pemrich that his genitals were extraordinarily large and told her that he was so aroused he could hardly walk.

After this, Pemrich dumped Bremer. When she made this decision, Bremer repeatedly phoned her, begging her to see him again but Pemrich flatly refused. He then shaved off all of his long hair "to show that inside I feel as empty as my shaved head". Catching up with her, he pulled off his knit cap and showed her his bald pate (only his sideburns remained.) She walked away without speaking.

The now bald head caused another embarrassment. The school at which he worked had a dance. Bremer was on hand to help clean up. Some of his ex-girlfriend’s friends visited the place to have a look at his baldness. They got there when the lights were out. The lights went on, the girls saw Bremer's bald shiny head and burst out laughing at him.

===Planning an assassination===

Bremer quit his janitor job on [[16 February]] and would be unemployed from then onwards. Two weeks later, on [[March 1]], 1972 he began his diary with the words, "It is my personal plan to assassinate by pistol either Richard Nixon or George Wallace". His purpose was "to do SOMETHING BOLD AND DRAMATIC, FORCEFULL & DYNAMIC, A STATEMENT of my manhood for the world to see."

Three weeks later, on [[23 March]], Bremer attended a Wallace rally at [[Milwaukee]]'s Red Carpet Airport Inn. The main focus of Bremer's activities though was to [[assassinate]] President Nixon. In early [[April]] 1972 he traveled to [[Canada]] in the hope of doing exactly that. However, when Bremer reached [[Ottawa]], security was tight and he feared that getting close to Nixon would be impossible. His fears were proved correct. Bremer was furious with a group of [[Vietnam war]] protestors as they were attracting attention that he felt was rightfully his. Bremer also felt unsure whether any bullets would go through the glass of Nixon's [[Limousine]], so he didn't shoot. As a result, the president sped past totally unharmed.

Bremer returned to Milwaukee on [[24 April]] and took a break from writing but on [[May 4]] he decided that Wallace would have the "honor" of being his victim, even though his diaries never reflected the same enthusiasm as they did with regards to assassinating Nixon. Four days later Bremer left his Milwaukee apartment for what was to be the final time.

===Events leading up to the shooting===

In the week leading up to the assassination attempt, Bremer headed east in the [[1967]] blue [[Rambler (car)|Rambler]] he had purchased on [[September 14]], [[1971]]. On [[9 May]] Bremer visited Wallace headquarters in [[Silver Spring]] Md. and offered to work on the campaign.

Bremer stopped in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]] on [[May 13]]. That day Police briefly questioned him when they noticed that he had shown up five hours before Wallace's appearance and was sat in his car all that time. Saying he only wanted to get a good view, Bremer was released to attend the rally that evening, which passed off without any incident, though he had the chance to shoot his target but didn't because, according to his diary, he could have shattered some glass and blinded some "stupid 15-year-old kids" who stood nearby.

==The shooting==
Bremer turned up in [[Wheaton]], [[Maryland]], for a noon appearance by Wallace at a shopping-center rally on [[15 May]] dressed in dark glasses, patriotic red, white and blue and wearing his new campaign button which said "WALLACE in '72". He strongly applauded everything Wallace said during the rally. At Wheaton, the crowd were hostile and several of those present heckled Wallace, who would mix with crowds if they were friendly and well behaved. On this occasion, Bremer wasn't presented with any opportunity to shoot Wallace.

At the time of the shooting, which took place at a second Wallace rally in [[Laurel]] shopping center, 16 miles away, the crowd were friendly and listened quietly to what Wallace said. There were no hecklers present. After his speech, Wallace shook hands with some of those present. At approximately 4:00 p.m. Bremer stuck his gun in Wallace's stomach and opened fire, emptying the weapon before he could be subdued. He hit Wallace four times and wounded three other people: [[Alabama]] [[State police|State Trooper]] Captain E C Dothard (Wallace's personal bodyguard), Dora Thompson (a campaign volunteer) and Nick Zarvos (a [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] agent).

===Aftermath===

Bremer's apartment was searched. In it were found Wallace campaign buttons, a Confederate flag, boxes of shells, old high school themed [[pornographic]] magazines, [[Black Panther]] literature, a booklet entitled ''101 Things To Do in Jail'' and various newspaper clippings, including one on the difficulty of providing security for campaigning politicians.

Police described Bremer's car as a "hotel on wheels." In it they found blankets, pillows, binoculars, a woman's umbrella, a tape recorder, a portable radio with police band, an electric shaver, photographic equipment, a 1972 copy of a ''Writer's Yearbook'', two books on the assassination of [[Robert Kennedy]] entitled ''Sirhan'' and ''RFK Must Die'', and a Browning 9-mm. semiautomatic pistol.

Bremer was well aware of the magnitude of his act. As he was being taken to jail after the shooting, he turned and asked, "How much do you think I'll get for my [[autobiography]]?".

During his subsequent five-day [[Jury trial|trial]] in [[Upper Marlboro, Maryland|Upper Marlboro]], Maryland, the defense had argued that Bremer was legally insane at the time of the shooting and that he had "no emotional capacity to understand anything", but the jury rejected this argument after the prosecution argued that he was perfectly sane. [[Arthur Marshall]] for the prosecution, told the court that Bremer, whilst obviously disturbed, had been seeking glory and was still sorry that Wallace had not died, saying, "he knew he would be arrested... He knew he would be on trial". The jury of six men and six women took just over an hour and a half to reach their verdict and Bremer was sentenced to 63 years in prison for the shooting. The sentence was reduced to 53 years after an appeal on [[28 September]].

Part of Bremer's diary was published in [[1973]] as ''[[An Assassin's Diary]]''. In the book, he states that he was not particularly opposed to Wallace's political agenda, which was notable for his pro-[[Racial segregation|segregationist]] stance, but that his primary motive was to become famous, and that he had also stalked [[President of the United States|President]] [[Richard Nixon]]. Among his comments, Bremer wrote, "Happiness is hearing George Wallace sing the National Anthem or having him arrested for a hit and run traffic accident", a reference to Wallace saying in 1968 that if any protestors laid down in the road to block traffic, he would run them over.

Despite the existence of many conspiracy theories, no one other than Bremer has ever been charged in connection with the shooting. One reason for talk of a conspiracy stemmed from the fact that Bremer's [[1971]] income tax return stated that he had earned only $1,611, bringing up the question of how Bremer paid for his travels while stalking Nixon and later Wallace. Another theory was based on the owner of Bremer's apartment building allowing reporters into the alleged assassin's apartment the night of the shooting. Some journalists were later seen leaving with items from Bremer's apartment.

Bremer would serve as the inspiration for the [[Travis Bickle]] character played by [[Robert DeNiro]], in ''[[Taxi Driver]]'' ([[1976 in film|1976]]). That film would subsequently be termed as a motivating factor in [[John Hinckley, Jr.]]'s decision to shoot President [[Ronald Reagan]].

Arthur Bremer is serving time at the [[Maryland Correctional Institution]]. If not [[Parole|paroled]], he will be released in [[2025]] at the age of 75. With time off for good behavior, Bremer could be released in [[2015]], but according to [[1997]] parole records, psychological testing indicated releasing Bremer would be risky. He argued in his [[June]] [[1996]] hearing that "Shooting segregationist [[dinosaurs]] wasn't as bad as harming mainstream politicians".

Wallace forgave Bremer in [[August]] [[1995]]. The former Alabama governor died in September [[1998]].

== Trivia ==
*Bremer's apartment was three blocks away from the apartment where [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] killed many of his victims.
*Bremer had a carefully chosen catchphrase of "A Penny For Your Thoughts!", which he decided to yell as he shot Wallace. In the heat of the assassination attempt, however, he forgot to yell it.
*[[Peter Gabriel]] wrote a song, "Family Snapshot," based on "[[An Assassin's Diary]]."

== External links==
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/sept98/wallace051672.htm 1972 Washington Post article]
* [http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/analysis/back.time/9605/29/index.shtml George Wallace's Appointment in Laurel]

[[Category:1950 births|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:American criminals|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:Failed assassins|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:Living people|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:People from Milwaukee|Bremer, Arthur]]

[[pl:Arthur Bremer]]

Arthur Bremer

2006-11-13T11:56:06Z

64.12.117.14: /* Background */

[[image:Arthur_bremer.jpg|right|Arthur Bremer]]
'''Arthur Herman Bremer''' (born [[August 21]] [[1950]]), the son of a [[Milwaukee]] truck driver, shot [[United States|US]] [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[George Wallace]] on [[May 15]], [[1972]] in [[Laurel, Maryland|Laurel]], [[Maryland]], leaving him paralyzed for life.

==Background==

Arthur Bremer was the fourth of five children of truck driver William Bremer and his homemaker wife Sylvia. He grew up in Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]] in a [[working-class]] household. It was a family in which chilly silences were broken by screaming rows. The one-paycheck family of seven was financially troubled and William soothed his tensions with drink. Booze exacerbated his tendency toward withdrawal, a tendency that frustrated Sylvia and led her to lash out, causing many noisy arguments in the household. Sometimes an infuriated Sylvia would lock her husband out of the house. At other times, she got back at him by refusing to cook meals. Arthur was closer to his father, who tried in his own way to be a good parent, by taking his children to parades and once to a vacation on a lake. His relations with both parents were distant.

Bremer seemed developmentally delayed as he did not speak until he was four years old. However, when he entered school, teachers believed him to be slightly above average in intelligence although his grades were never better than mediocre.

School was an ordeal. Tongue-tied and self-conscious, he could not make friends. Other children did not invite him into playground games, choosing instead to either ignore or taunt him.
In a diary he wrote, "No English or history test was ever as hard, no math final exam ever as difficult as waiting in a school lunch line alone, waiting to eat alone . . . while hundreds huddled & gossiped and roared, & laughed and stared at me . . .".

Bremer also wrote "No one ever noticed me nor took interest in me as an individual with the need to receive or give love. In junior high school, I was an object of pure ridicule for my dress, withdrawal, and asocial manner. Dozens of times, I saw individuals laugh and smile more in ten to fifteen minutes than I did in all my life up to then".

His loveless and tension-racked home offered no relief, but fantasy did as Bremer wrote in a school essay that he often pretended he "was living with a television family and there was no yelling at home and no one hit me."

Fantasies of suicide preoccupied Bremer when he was about nine years old. He often imagined lying down across the railroad tracks near his home and waiting until a train crushed him and ended his misery. The one bright spot in his life was the neighborhood [[church]] that he enjoyed attending. He contemplated entering the priesthood when he grew up. When his family moved from that neighborhood, he stopped going to church. Lacking the solace church had afforded him, Bremer’s spirits sank even further. He failed the fifth grade. Later, he made up his mind to commit suicide by age 13, but did not.

Despite his obvious problems, he was not the type of youth who attracted adult concern. He was not rebellious and did not talk back to teachers. He did not drink or drive recklessly. He took no drugs, possibly because he had no friends who would offer him any. He was the type of withdrawn teenager who is in deep emotional trouble but whose problems are easily overlooked because they do not involve the active sorts of transgressions authority figures focus on. Variously described as "strange" and "withdrawn", Bremer had no close friends and rarely, if ever, acknowledged neighbors' greetings. Despite this, he graduated from high school in November [[1968]].

From [[1969]] Bremer worked as a [[busboy]] at the Men's Grill in the Milwaukee Athletic Club and also added an additional $2.70 an hour job as a janitor at Story [[Elementary School]] in the fall of [[1970]]. At the time he obtained his second job, he also studied photography at the [[Milwaukee Area Technical College]]. However, after registering for the spring [[1971]] semester at MATC, Bremer dropped out and then moved out of his parents' home that [[October]], after a fall-out with his father.

At the Athletic club, Bremer was described as "a very good worker, very dependable" but one waitress said he was as "weird as hell". However, just after moving out, he was demoted to kitchen work at the Athletic Club after patrons complained of such idiosycracies as his habit of mumbling to himself, talking to himself, his whistling and his marching in time to music being played in the dining room. Unhappy with this demotion, he filed a complaint with the Milwaukee Community Relations Commission which found Bremer was bordering on [[paranoia]].

Residents of his apartment building at 2433 West [[Michigan]] Street where he moved to noted that he always had the same wardrobe: blue suit, white shirt and gray tie. In the furnished third-floor apartment that rented for $137.50 per month, residents stated that he had no visitors other than his mother. He saw no member of his family from just after [[Christmas]] 1971 up to when he shot Wallace.

In one instance during a snowstorm in the [[winter]] of 1971/1972, Bremer chose to drive his car back and forth over the fallen snow, instead of shoveling it like everyone else.

===Previous arrest===

Bremer was arrested on [[November 18]], [[1971]] after being stopped for carrying a concealed weapon. After undergoing a psychiatric evaluation, he was fined for disorderly conduct in [[December]] 1971. Despite this, Bremer was able to purchase a Charter Arms .38 caliber pistol on [[January 13]], [[1972]] from Casanova Guns, Inc. He bought the gun the day after George Wallace announced his second run for the Presidency.

===Romantic relationship===

While working his janitor job, Bremer met Joan Pemrich, a 16-year old hall monitor. Despite the seeming impropriety of his feelings and Bremer's inappropriate behavior, the couple went out on three dates.

On their dates, Pemrich found Bremer's behavior odd and weird. Knowing little of girls and women in the real world, Bremer tried to arouse his teenage girlfriend with the sort of thing that excited females in the crude sex magazines that constituted his sex miseducation. On his first date, he displayed pornographic pictures to Pemrich and made graphic sex talk. He said he could help Pemrich with her hang-ups as he knew a lot about [[psychology]].

Bremer's inappropriate behavior also showed itself at a [[Blood, Sweat and Tears]] concert. Trying to act the suave lothario and attempting to demonstrate his new [[man-about-town]] cool, Bremer pressed a kiss on a woman who was not in their group whilst queueing to get into the concert. The woman promptly reported his action to a police officer who let Bremer off with a warning. Bremer foolishly attempted to impress Pemrich and her friends by dramatically dancing in his seat and clapping when no one else was and swaying back and forth during the concert. After the concert finished, Bremer excitedly whispered to Pemrich that his genitals were extraordinarily large and told her that he was so aroused he could hardly walk.

After this, Pemrich dumped Bremer. When she made this decision, Bremer repeatedly phoned her, begging her to see him again but Pemrich flatly refused. He then shaved off all of his long hair "to show that inside I feel as empty as my shaved head". Catching up with her, he pulled off his knit cap and showed her his bald pate (only his sideburns remained.) She walked away without speaking.

The now bald head caused another embarrassment. The school at which he worked had a dance. Bremer was on hand to help clean up. Some of his ex-girlfriend’s friends visited the place to have a look at his baldness. They got there when the lights were out. The lights went on, the girls saw Bremer's bald shiny head and burst out laughing at him.

===Planning an assassination===

Bremer quit his janitor job on [[16 February]] and would be unemployed from then onwards. Two weeks later, on [[March 1]], 1972 he began his diary with the words, "It is my personal plan to assassinate by pistol either Richard Nixon or George Wallace". His purpose was "to do SOMETHING BOLD AND DRAMATIC, FORCEFULL & DYNAMIC, A STATEMENT of my manhood for the world to see."

Three weeks later, on [[23 March]], Bremer attended a Wallace rally at [[Milwaukee]]'s Red Carpet Airport Inn. The main focus of Bremer's activities though was to [[assassinate]] President Nixon. In early [[April]] 1972 he traveled to [[Canada]] in the hope of doing exactly that. However, when Bremer reached [[Ottawa]], security was tight and he feared that getting close to Nixon would be impossible. His fears were proved correct. Bremer was furious with a group of [[Vietnam war]] protestors as they were attracting attention that he felt was rightfully his. Bremer also felt unsure whether any bullets would go through the glass of Nixon's [[Limousine]], so he didn't shoot. As a result, the president sped past totally unharmed.

Bremer returned to Milwaukee on [[24 April]] and took a break from writing but on [[May 4]] he decided that Wallace would have the "honor" of being his victim, even though his diaries never reflected the same enthusiasm as they did with regards to assassinating Nixon. Four days later Bremer left his Milwaukee apartment for what was to be the final time.

===Events leading up to the shooting===

In the week leading up to the assassination attempt, Bremer headed east in the [[1967]] blue [[Rambler (car)|Rambler]] he had purchased on [[September 14]], [[1971]]. On [[9 May]] Bremer visited Wallace headquarters in [[Silver Spring]] Md. and offered to work on the campaign.

Bremer stopped in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]] on [[May 13]]. That day Police briefly questioned him when they noticed that he had shown up five hours before Wallace's appearance and was sat in his car all that time. Saying he only wanted to get a good view, Bremer was released to attend the rally that evening, which passed off without any incident, though he had the chance to shoot his target but didn't because, according to his diary, he could have shattered some glass and blinded some "stupid 15-year-old kids" who stood nearby.

==The shooting==
Bremer turned up in [[Wheaton]], [[Maryland]], for a noon appearance by Wallace at a shopping-center rally on [[15 May]] dressed in dark glasses, patriotic red, white and blue and wearing his new campaign button which said "WALLACE in '72". He strongly applauded everything Wallace said during the rally. At Wheaton, the crowd were hostile and several of those present heckled Wallace, who would mix with crowds if they were friendly and well behaved. On this occasion, Bremer wasn't presented with any opportunity to shoot Wallace.

At the time of the shooting, which took place at a second Wallace rally in [[Laurel]] shopping center, 16 miles away, the crowd were friendly and listened quietly to what Wallace said. There were no hecklers present. After his speech, Wallace shook hands with some of those present. At approximately 4:00 p.m. Bremer stuck his gun in Wallace's stomach and opened fire, emptying the weapon before he could be subdued. He hit Wallace four times and wounded three other people: [[Alabama]] [[State police|State Trooper]] Captain E C Dothard (Wallace's personal bodyguard), Dora Thompson (a campaign volunteer) and Nick Zarvos (a [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] agent).

===Aftermath===

Bremer's apartment was searched. In it was found Wallace campaign buttons, a Confederate flag, boxes of shells, old high school themed [[pornographic]] magazines, [[Black Panther]] literature, a booklet entitled ''101 Things To Do in Jail'' and various newspaper clippings, including one on the difficulty of providing security for campaigning politicians.

Police described Bremer's car as a "hotel on wheels." In it they found blankets, pillows, binoculars, a woman's umbrella, a tape recorder, a portable radio with police band, an electric shaver, photographic equipment, a 1972 copy of a ''Writer's Yearbook'', two books on the assassination of [[Robert Kennedy]] entitled ''Sirhan'' and ''RFK Must Die'', and a Browning 9-mm. semiautomatic pistol.

Bremer was well aware of the magnitude of his act. As he was being taken to jail after the shooting, he turned and asked, "How much do you think I'll get for my [[autobiography]]?".

During his subsequent five-day [[Jury trial|trial]] in [[Upper Marlboro, Maryland|Upper Marlboro]], Maryland, the defense had argued that Bremer was legally insane at the time of the shooting and that he had "no emotional capacity to understand anything", but the jury rejected this argument after the prosecution argued that he was perfectly sane. [[Arthur Marshall]] for the prosecution, told the court that Bremer, whilst obviously disturbed, had been seeking glory and was still sorry that Wallace had not died, saying, "he knew he would be arrested... He knew he would be on trial". The jury of six men and six women took just over an hour and a half to reach their verdict and Bremer was sentenced to 63 years in prison for the shooting. The sentence was reduced to 53 years after an appeal on [[28 September]].

Part of Bremer's diary was published in [[1973]] as ''[[An Assassin's Diary]]''. In the book, he states that he was not particularly opposed to Wallace's political agenda, which was notable for his pro-[[Racial segregation|segregationist]] stance, but that his primary motive was to become famous, and that he had also stalked [[President of the United States|President]] [[Richard Nixon]]. Among his comments, Bremer wrote, "Happiness is hearing George Wallace sing the National Anthem or having him arrested for a hit and run traffic accident", a reference to Wallace saying in 1968 that if any protestors laid down in the road to block traffic, he would run them over.

Despite the existence of many conspiracy theories, no one other than Bremer has ever been charged in connection with the shooting. One reason for talk of a conspiracy stemmed from the fact that Bremer's [[1971]] income tax return stated that he had earned only $1,611, bringing up the question of how Bremer paid for his travels while stalking Nixon and later Wallace. Another theory was based on the owner of Bremer's apartment building allowing reporters into the alleged assassin's apartment the night of the shooting. Some journalists were later seen leaving with items from Bremer's apartment.

Bremer would serve as the inspiration for the [[Travis Bickle]] character played by [[Robert DeNiro]], in ''[[Taxi Driver]]'' ([[1976 in film|1976]]). That film would subsequently be termed as a motivating factor in [[John Hinckley, Jr.]]'s decision to shoot President [[Ronald Reagan]].

Arthur Bremer is serving time at the [[Maryland Correctional Institution]]. If not [[Parole|paroled]], he will be released in [[2025]] at the age of 75. With time off for good behavior, Bremer could be released in [[2015]], but according to [[1997]] parole records, psychological testing indicated releasing Bremer would be risky. He argued in his [[June]] [[1996]] hearing that "Shooting segregationist [[dinosaurs]] wasn't as bad as harming mainstream politicians".

Wallace forgave Bremer in [[August]] [[1995]]. He died in September [[1998]].

== Trivia ==
*Bremer's apartment was three blocks away from the apartment where [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] killed many of his victims.
*Bremer had a carefully chosen catchphrase of "A Penny For Your Thoughts!", which he decided to yell as he shot Wallace. In the heat of the assassination attempt, however, he forgot to yell it.
*[[Peter Gabriel]] wrote a song, "Family Snapshot," based on "[[An Assassin's Diary]]."

== External links==
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/sept98/wallace051672.htm 1972 Washington Post article]
* [http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/analysis/back.time/9605/29/index.shtml George Wallace's Appointment in Laurel]

[[Category:1950 births|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:American criminals|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:Failed assassins|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:Living people|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:People from Milwaukee|Bremer, Arthur]]

[[pl:Arthur Bremer]]

Arthur Bremer

2006-11-13T11:42:46Z

64.12.117.14: /* Previous arrest */

[[image:Arthur_bremer.jpg|right|Arthur Bremer]]
'''Arthur Herman Bremer''' (born [[August 21]] [[1950]]), the son of a [[Milwaukee]] truck driver, shot [[United States|US]] [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[George Wallace]] on [[May 15]], [[1972]] in [[Laurel, Maryland|Laurel]], [[Maryland]], leaving him paralyzed for life.

==Background==

Arthur Bremer was the fourth of five children of truck driver William Bremer and his homemaker wife Sylvia. He grew up in Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]] in a [[working-class]] household. It was a family in which chilly silences were broken by screaming rows. The one-paycheck family of seven was financially troubled and William soothed his tensions with drink. Booze exacerbated his tendency toward withdrawal, a tendency that frustrated Sylvia and led her to lash out, causing many noisy arguments in the household. Sometimes an infuriated Sylvia would lock her husband out of the house. At other times, she got back at him by refusing to cook meals. Arthur was closer to his father than mother, who tried in his own way to be a good parent, by taking his children to parades and once to a vacation on a lake. His relations with both parents were distant.

Bremer seemed developmentally delayed as he did not speak until he was four years old. However, when he entered school, teachers believed him to be slightly above average in intelligence although his grades were never better than mediocre.

School was an ordeal. Tongue-tied and self-conscious, he could not make friends. Other children did not invite him into playground games, choosing instead to either ignore or taunt him
In a diary he wrote, "No English or history test was ever as hard, no math final exam ever as difficult as waiting in a school lunch line alone, waiting to eat alone . . . while hundreds huddled & gossiped and roared, & laughed and stared at me . . .".

Bremer also wrote "No one ever noticed me nor took interest in me as an individual with the need to receive or give love. In junior high school, I was an object of pure ridicule for my dress, withdrawal, and asocial manner. Dozens of times, I saw individuals laugh and smile more in ten to fifteen minutes than I did in all my life up to then".

His loveless and tension-racked home offered no relief, but fantasy did as Bremer wrote in a school essay that he often pretended he "was living with a television family and there was no yelling at home and no one hit me."

Fantasies of suicide preoccupied Bremer when he was about nine years old. He often imagined lying down across the railroad tracks near his home, waiting until a train crushed him and ended his misery. The one bright spot in his life was the neighborhood [[church]] that he enjoyed attending. He contemplated entering the priesthood when he grew up. When his family moved from that neighborhood, he stopped going to church. Lacking the solace church had afforded him, Bremer’s spirits sank even further. He failed the fifth grade. Later, he made up his mind to commit suicide by age 13, but did not.

Despite his obvious problems, he was not the type of youth who attracted adult concern. He was not rebellious and did not talk back to teachers. He did not drink or drive recklessly. He took no drugs, possibly because he had no friends who would offer him any. He was the type of withdrawn teenager who is in deep emotional trouble but whose problems are easily overlooked because they do not involve the active sorts of transgressions authority figures focus on. Variously described as "strange" and "withdrawn", Bremer had no close friends and rarely, if ever, acknowledged neighbors' greetings. Despite this, he graduated from high school in November [[1968]].

From [[1969]] Bremer had been worked as a [[busboy]] at the Men's Grill in the Milwaukee Athletic Club and also added an additional $2.70 an hour job as a janitor at Story [[Elementary School]] in the fall of [[1970]]. At the time he obtained his second job, he also studied photography at the [[Milwaukee Area Technical College]]. However, after registering for the spring [[1971]] semester at MATC, Bremer dropped out and then moved out of his parents' home that [[October]], after a fall-out with his father.

At the Athletic club, Bremer was described as "a very good worker, very dependable" but one waitress said he was as "weird as hell". However, at just after moving out, he was demoted to kitchen work at the Athletic Club after patrons complained of such idiosycracies as his habit of mumbling to himself, talking to himself, his whistling and his marching in time to music being played in the dining room. Unhappy with this demotion, he filed a complaint with the Milwaukee Community Relations Commission which found Bremer was bordering on [[paranoia]].

Residents of his apartment building at 2433 West [[Michigan]] Street where he moved to noted that he always had the same wardrobe: blue suit, white shirt and gray tie. In the furnished third-floor apartment that rented for $137.50 per month, residents stated that he had no visitors other than his mother. He saw no member of his family from just after [[Christmas]] 1971 up to when he shot Wallace.

In one instance during a snowstorm in the [[winter]] of 1971/1972, Bremer chose to drive his car back and forth over the fallen snow, instead of shoveling it like everyone else.

===Previous arrest===

Bremer was arrested on [[November 18]], [[1971]] after being stopped for carrying a concealed weapon. After undergoing a psychiatric evaluation, he was fined for disorderly conduct in [[December]] 1971. Despite this, Bremer was able to purchase a Charter Arms .38 caliber pistol on [[January 13]], [[1972]] from Casanova Guns, Inc. He bought the gun the day after George Wallace announced his second run for the Presidency.

===Romantic relationship===

While working his janitor job, Bremer met Joan Pemrich, a 16-year old hall monitor. Despite the seeming impropriety of his feelings and Bremer's inappropriate behavior, the couple went out on three dates.

On their dates, Pemrich found Bremer's behavior odd and weird. Knowing little of girls and women in the real world, Bremer tried to arouse his teenage girlfriend with the sort of thing that excited females in the crude sex magazines that constituted his sex miseducation. On his first date, he displayed pornographic pictures to Pemrich and made graphic sex talk. He said he could help Pemrich with her hang-ups as he knew a lot about [[Psychology]].

Bremer's inappropriate behavior also showed itself at a [[Blood, Sweat and Tears]] concert. Trying to act the suave lothario and attempting to demonstrate his new [[man-about-town]] cool, Bremer pressed a kiss on a woman who was not in their group whilst queueing to get into the concert. The woman promptly reported his action to a police officer who let Bremer off with a warning. Bremer foolishly attempted to impress Pemrich and her friends by dramatically dancing in his seat and clapping when no one else was and swaying back and forth during the concert. After the concert finished, Bremer excitedly whispered to Pemrich that his genitals were extraordinarily large and told her that he was so aroused he could hardly walk.

After this, Pemrich dumped Bremer. When she made this decision, Bremer repeatedly phoned her, begging her to see him again but the Pemrich flatly refused. Then he shaved his all his hair off, which had previously been long, "to show that inside I feel as empty as my shaved head". Catching up with her, he pulled off his knit cap and showed her his bald pate and just his sideburns. She walked away without speaking.

The now bald head caused another embarrassment. The school at which he worked had a dance. Bremer was on hand to help clean up. Some of his ex-girlfriend’s friends visited the place to have a look at his baldness. They got there when the lights were out. The lights went on, the girls saw Bremer's bald shiny head and burst out laughing at him.

===Planning an assassination===

Bremer quit his janitor job on [[16 February]] and would be unemployed from then onwards. Two weeks later, on [[March 1]], 1972 he began his diary with the words, "It is my personal plan to assassinate by pistol either Richard Nixon or George Wallace". His purpose was "to do SOMETHING BOLD AND DRAMATIC, FORCEFULL & DYNAMIC, A STATEMENT of my manhood for the world to see."

Three weeks later, on [[23 March]] Bremer attended a Wallace rally at [[Milwaukee]]'s Red Carpet Airport Inn. The main focus of Bremer's activities though was to [[assassinate]] President Nixon. In early [[April]] 1972 he traveled to [[Canada]] in the hope of doing exactly that. However, when Bremer reached [[Ottawa]], security was tight and he feared getting close to Nixon would be impossible. His fears were proved correct. Bremer was furious with a group of [[Vietnam war]] protestors as they were attracting attention that he felt was rightfully his. Bremer also felt unsure whether any bullets would go through the glass of Nixon's [[Limousine]], so he didn't shoot. As a result, the president sped past totally unharmed.

Bremer returned to Milwaukee on [[24 April]] and took a break from writing but on [[May 4]] he decided that Wallace would have the "honor" of being his victim, even though his diaries never reflected the same enthusiasm as they did with regards to assassinating Nixon. Four days later Bremer left his Milwaukee apartment for what was to be the final time.

===Events leading up to the shooting===

In the week leading up to the assassination attempt, Bremer headed east in the [[1967]] blue [[Rambler (car)|Rambler]] he had purchased on [[September 14]], [[1971]]. On [[9 May]] Bremer visited Wallace headquarters in [[Silver Spring]] Md. and offered to work on the campaign.

Bremer stopped in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]] on [[May 13]]. That day Police briefly questioned him when they noticed that he had shown up five hours before Wallace's appearance and was sat in his car all that time. Saying he only wanted to get a good view, Bremer was released to attend the rally that evening, which passed off without any incident, though he had the chance to shoot his target but didn't because, according to his diary, he could have shattered some glass and blinded some "stupid 15-year-old kids" who stood nearby.

==The shooting==
Bremer turned up in [[Wheaton]], [[Maryland]], for a noon appearance by Wallace at a shopping-center rally on [[15 May]] dressed in dark glasses, patriotic red, white and blue and wearing his new campaign button which said "WALLACE in '72". He strongly applauded everything Wallace said during the rally. At Wheaton, the crowd were hostile and several of those present heckled Wallace, who would mix with crowds if they were friendly and well behaved. On this occasion, Bremer wasn't presented with any opportunity to shoot Wallace.

At the time of the shooting, which took place at a second Wallace rally in [[Laurel]] shopping center, 16 miles away, the crowd were friendly and listened quietly to what Wallace said. There were no hecklers present. After his speech, Wallace shook hands with some of those present. At approximately 4:00 p.m. Bremer stuck his gun in Wallace's stomach and opened fire, emptying the weapon before he could be subdued. He hit Wallace four times and wounded three other people: [[Alabama]] [[State police|State Trooper]] Captain E C Dothard (Wallace's personal bodyguard), Dora Thompson (a campaign volunteer) and Nick Zarvos (a [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] agent).

===Aftermath===

Bremer's apartment was searched. In it was found Wallace campaign buttons, a Confederate flag, boxes of shells, old high school themed [[pornographic]] magazines, [[Black Panther]] literature, a booklet entitled ''101 Things To Do in Jail'' and various newspaper clippings, including one on the difficulty of providing security for campaigning politicians.

Police described Bremer's car as a "hotel on wheels." In it they found blankets, pillows, binoculars, a woman's umbrella, a tape recorder, a portable radio with police band, an electric shaver, photographic equipment, a 1972 copy of a ''Writer's Yearbook'', two books on the assassination of [[Robert Kennedy]] entitled ''Sirhan'' and ''RFK Must Die'', and a Browning 9-mm. semiautomatic pistol.

Bremer was well aware of the magnitude of his act. As he was being taken to jail after the shooting, he turned and asked, "How much do you think I'll get for my [[autobiography]]?".

During his subsequent five-day [[Jury trial|trial]] in [[Upper Marlboro, Maryland|Upper Marlboro]], Maryland, the defense had argued that Bremer was legally insane at the time of the shooting and that he had "no emotional capacity to understand anything", but the jury rejected this argument after the prosecution argued that he was perfectly sane. [[Arthur Marshall]] for the prosecution, told the court that Bremer, whilst obviously disturbed, had been seeking glory and was still sorry that Wallace had not died, saying, "he knew he would be arrested... He knew he would be on trial". The jury of six men and six women took just over an hour and a half to reach their verdict and Bremer was sentenced to 63 years in prison for the shooting. The sentence was reduced to 53 years after an appeal on [[28 September]].

Part of Bremer's diary was published in [[1973]] as ''[[An Assassin's Diary]]''. In the book, he states that he was not particularly opposed to Wallace's political agenda, which was notable for his pro-[[Racial segregation|segregationist]] stance, but that his primary motive was to become famous, and that he had also stalked [[President of the United States|President]] [[Richard Nixon]]. Among his comments, Bremer wrote, "Happiness is hearing George Wallace sing the National Anthem or having him arrested for a hit and run traffic accident", a reference to Wallace saying in 1968 that if any protestors laid down in the road to block traffic, he would run them over.

Despite the existence of many conspiracy theories, no one other than Bremer has ever been charged in connection with the shooting. One reason for talk of a conspiracy stemmed from the fact that Bremer's [[1971]] income tax return stated that he had earned only $1,611, bringing up the question of how Bremer paid for his travels while stalking Nixon and later Wallace. Another theory was based on the owner of Bremer's apartment building allowing reporters into the alleged assassin's apartment the night of the shooting. Some journalists were later seen leaving with items from Bremer's apartment.

Bremer would serve as the inspiration for the [[Travis Bickle]] character played by [[Robert DeNiro]], in ''[[Taxi Driver]]'' ([[1976 in film|1976]]). That film would subsequently be termed as a motivating factor in [[John Hinckley, Jr.]]'s decision to shoot President [[Ronald Reagan]].

Arthur Bremer is serving time at the [[Maryland Correctional Institution]]. If not [[Parole|paroled]], he will be released in [[2025]] at the age of 75. With time off for good behavior, Bremer could be released in [[2015]], but according to [[1997]] parole records, psychological testing indicated releasing Bremer would be risky. He argued in his [[June]] [[1996]] hearing that "Shooting segregationist [[dinosaurs]] wasn't as bad as harming mainstream politicians".

Wallace forgave Bremer in [[August]] [[1995]]. He died in September [[1998]].

== Trivia ==
*Bremer's apartment was three blocks away from the apartment where [[Jeffrey Dahmer]] killed many of his victims.
*Bremer had a carefully chosen catchphrase of "A Penny For Your Thoughts!", which he decided to yell as he shot Wallace. In the heat of the assassination attempt, however, he forgot to yell it.
*[[Peter Gabriel]] wrote a song, "Family Snapshot," based on "[[An Assassin's Diary]]."

== External links==
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/sept98/wallace051672.htm 1972 Washington Post article]
* [http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/analysis/back.time/9605/29/index.shtml George Wallace's Appointment in Laurel]

[[Category:1950 births|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:American criminals|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:Failed assassins|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:Living people|Bremer, Arthur]]
[[Category:People from Milwaukee|Bremer, Arthur]]

[[pl:Arthur Bremer]]

John Endecott

2006-09-05T21:07:57Z

64.12.117.14: /* Biographical Information */

[[Image:ENDICOTT.jpg|thumb|right|225px|John Endecott]]

'''John Endecott''' (c. [[1588]]–[[March 15]], [[1665]]), sometimes '''Endicott''', was a colonial magistrate, soldier and governor of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].

John Endecott was most likely born before [[1600]]. His origins, as of yet, have not been discovered—although there is a building named after him in the English town of [[Chagford]], locally claimed to be his birthplace. Almost nothing is known of him before his presence as one of the six original patentees of the [[Dorchester Company]]. This group of [[Puritan]] settlers bought land from the [[Plymouth Company]], and settled it in [[1628]], two years before the arrival of [[John Winthrop]]'s fleet. Endecott was chosen to lead the first expedition, and he settled with sixty other men in [[Naumkeag]], which would soon become [[Salem, Massachusetts]]. The land had been previously settled by one [[Roger Conant]], who had left [[Plymouth Colony]] two years before.

[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] relates a story about these years, ''[[The Maypole of Merry Mount]]'', where Endecott's strict Puritanism came into conflict with the previous settlers. Endecott was the local governor of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] from April [[1629]] to June [[1630]], when [[John Winthrop]] brought the charter to [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]] and became governor of the colony as well as of the company. Though he was no longer at the head of the colony, Endecott continued to serve in several important positions, including a stint as the leader of a failed expedition against the [[Pequot]] in [[1636]]. Though it seems slightly out of character, Endecott strongly defended the religious dissenter [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], and, around that time, he was alleged to have cut the [[Cross of St. George]] from an English flag in protest of the use of the symbols of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as deputy-governor from [[1641]] to [[1644]], and governor in [[1644]]–[[1645]]. At times he was also the commander-in-chief of the militia and a commissioner and president of the [[United Colonies of New England]].

After [[John Winthrop]] died in [[1649]], Endecott was elected governor, and by annual re-elections served continuously until his death, with the exception of two years ([[1650]]–[[1651]] and [[1654]]–[[1655]]), when he was deputy-governor.

According to the [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]], "Under his authority the colony of Massachusetts Bay made rapid progress, and except in the matter of religious intolerance in which he showed great bigotry and harshness, particularly towards the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (Quakers), his rule was just and praiseworthy. Of him [[Edward Eggleston]] says: A strange mixture of rashness, pious zeal, genial manners, hot temper, and harsh bigotry, his extravagances supply the condiment of humour to a very serious history; it is perhaps the principal debt posterity owes him. He died on the March 15, 1665."

==Biographical Information==

Endecott married for the first time, probably before [[1628]], Anne Gower. After her death, he was married to the daughter of Philobert Cogan, of Somersetshire. Anne Gower was named by governor [[Matthew Craddock]] as a cousin of his, and Endecott's second wife was a sister-in-law of the colonial financier and magistrate [[Roger Ludlow]]. Endecott had two children with his second wife, neither of whom, seemingly to his disappointment, followed him into public service. Despite his high position, Endecott was never wealthy, and he died in poverty.

==References==

* Anderson, Robert Charles. The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620 – 1633, vols. 1–3. [[Boston|Boston, MA]]: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1995.
* Endicott, C. M., Memoirs of John Endecott ([[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]], 1847), and a Memoir of John Endecott in Antiquarian Papers of the American Antiquarian Society ([[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester, Mass.]], 1879).

{{start box}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[John Winthrop]]
| after=[[Thomas Dudley]]
| years= 1644
}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[John Winthrop]]
| after=[[Thomas Dudley]]
| years= 1649
}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[Thomas Dudley]]
| after=[[Richard Bellingham]]
| years=1651 – 1653
}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[Richard Bellingham]]
| after=[[Richard Bellingham]]
| years=1655 – 1664
}}
{{end box}}

{{MAGovernors}}

[[Category:1588 births|Endecott, John]]
[[Category:1665 deaths|Endecott, John]]
[[Category:Governors of Massachusetts|Endecott, John]]

== External Link ==
[http://www.mass.gov/statehouse/massgovs/jendecott.htm Governors of Massachusetts] article at State of Massachusetts Government Interactive State House

John Endecott

2006-09-05T21:07:38Z

64.12.117.14: /* Biographical Information */

[[Image:ENDICOTT.jpg|thumb|right|225px|John Endecott]]

'''John Endecott''' (c. [[1588]]–[[March 15]], [[1665]]), sometimes '''Endicott''', was a colonial magistrate, soldier and governor of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].

John Endecott was most likely born before [[1600]]. His origins, as of yet, have not been discovered—although there is a building named after him in the English town of [[Chagford]], locally claimed to be his birthplace. Almost nothing is known of him before his presence as one of the six original patentees of the [[Dorchester Company]]. This group of [[Puritan]] settlers bought land from the [[Plymouth Company]], and settled it in [[1628]], two years before the arrival of [[John Winthrop]]'s fleet. Endecott was chosen to lead the first expedition, and he settled with sixty other men in [[Naumkeag]], which would soon become [[Salem, Massachusetts]]. The land had been previously settled by one [[Roger Conant]], who had left [[Plymouth Colony]] two years before.

[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] relates a story about these years, ''[[The Maypole of Merry Mount]]'', where Endecott's strict Puritanism came into conflict with the previous settlers. Endecott was the local governor of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] from April [[1629]] to June [[1630]], when [[John Winthrop]] brought the charter to [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]] and became governor of the colony as well as of the company. Though he was no longer at the head of the colony, Endecott continued to serve in several important positions, including a stint as the leader of a failed expedition against the [[Pequot]] in [[1636]]. Though it seems slightly out of character, Endecott strongly defended the religious dissenter [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], and, around that time, he was alleged to have cut the [[Cross of St. George]] from an English flag in protest of the use of the symbols of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as deputy-governor from [[1641]] to [[1644]], and governor in [[1644]]–[[1645]]. At times he was also the commander-in-chief of the militia and a commissioner and president of the [[United Colonies of New England]].

After [[John Winthrop]] died in [[1649]], Endecott was elected governor, and by annual re-elections served continuously until his death, with the exception of two years ([[1650]]–[[1651]] and [[1654]]–[[1655]]), when he was deputy-governor.

According to the [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]], "Under his authority the colony of Massachusetts Bay made rapid progress, and except in the matter of religious intolerance in which he showed great bigotry and harshness, particularly towards the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (Quakers), his rule was just and praiseworthy. Of him [[Edward Eggleston]] says: A strange mixture of rashness, pious zeal, genial manners, hot temper, and harsh bigotry, his extravagances supply the condiment of humour to a very serious history; it is perhaps the principal debt posterity owes him. He died on the March 15, 1665."

==Biographical Information==

Endecott married for the first time, probably before [[1628]], Anne Gower. After her death, he was married to the daughter of Philobert Cogan, of Somersetshire. Anne Gower was named by governor [[Matthew Craddock]] as a cousin of hisp, and Endecott's second wife was a sister-in-law of the colonial financier and magistrate [[Roger Ludlow]]. Endecott had two children with his second wife, neither of whom, seemingly to his disappointment, followed him into public service. Despite his high position, Endecott was never wealthy, and he died in poverty.

==References==

* Anderson, Robert Charles. The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620 – 1633, vols. 1–3. [[Boston|Boston, MA]]: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1995.
* Endicott, C. M., Memoirs of John Endecott ([[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]], 1847), and a Memoir of John Endecott in Antiquarian Papers of the American Antiquarian Society ([[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester, Mass.]], 1879).

{{start box}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[John Winthrop]]
| after=[[Thomas Dudley]]
| years= 1644
}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[John Winthrop]]
| after=[[Thomas Dudley]]
| years= 1649
}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[Thomas Dudley]]
| after=[[Richard Bellingham]]
| years=1651 – 1653
}}
{{succession box
| title= [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]]
| before=[[Richard Bellingham]]
| after=[[Richard Bellingham]]
| years=1655 – 1664
}}
{{end box}}

{{MAGovernors}}

[[Category:1588 births|Endecott, John]]
[[Category:1665 deaths|Endecott, John]]
[[Category:Governors of Massachusetts|Endecott, John]]

== External Link ==
[http://www.mass.gov/statehouse/massgovs/jendecott.htm Governors of Massachusetts] article at State of Massachusetts Government Interactive State House

William Haines Lytle

2006-07-31T14:27:18Z

64.12.117.14:

'''William Haines Lytle''' ([[November 2]], [[1826]] – [[September 20]], [[1863]]) was a politician in [[Ohio]], renowned [[poet]], and military officer in the [[United States Army]] during both the [[Mexican War]] and [[American Civil War]], where he was killed in action as a [[brigadier general]].

Lytle was born in [[Cincinnati]], the scion of a leading area family, the [[Lytle family]]. He graduated from [[University of Cincinnati|Cincinnati College]] and studied law. After passing the bar exam, he established a law firm in Cincinnati, but soon enlisted in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry and served as a [[captain]] in the Mexican War. After returning from [[Mexico]], Lytle resumed and expanded his legal practice. He was elected to the Ohio state legislature as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]. He unsuccessfully ran for [[Lieutenant Governor]] in [[1857]], losing the election by just a few hundred votes. He was a celebrated American poet before the Civil War. Lytle's most famous poem, "Antony and Cleopatra" (published in 1857), was beloved by both [[Northern United States|North]] and [[Southern United States|South]] in [[antebellum]] America.<ref>[http://www.civilwarpoetry.org/union/officers/egypt.html Civil War Poetry: Antony and Cleopatra]</ref> Lytle was appointed as a [[major general]] in the Ohio state [[militia]]. In 1860, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for his district's seat in the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He campaigned in Ohio for the candidacy of [[Stephen A. Douglas]] in the 1860 Presidential Election.

When the Civil War erupted in 1861, through his political and military connections, Lytle was commissioned as colonel of the 10th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He and his brigade were assigned to the western part of [[Virginia]] (now [[West Virginia]]), where they engaged in a series of small egagements in a campaign that led to the withdrawal of [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] forces in that region, helping pave the way for statehood. Lytle was given command of a [[brigade]] of infantry. He was severely wounded in his left calf muscle in a fight at Carnifex Ferry on [[September 10]], [[1861]], and was sent home to recover. After a four-month recuperation, Colonel Lytle was assigned as commander of the [[Bardstown, Kentucky]], military training camp. Returning to field duty, he led a brigade in Maj. Gen. [[Ormsby M. Mitchel]]'s [[Division (military)|division]]. He participated in Mitchel's operations along the [[Memphis and Chattanooga Railroad]]. He was again wounded and taken prisoner at the [[Battle of Perryville]] in [[Kentucky]] on [[October 6]], [[1862]]. He was soon exchanged and rejoined the army. On [[November 29]], Lytle was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers, and led his brigade in numerous engagements in the army of [[William S. Rosecrans]]. Admiring officers from his old 10th OVI presented him with a jeweled [[Maltese cross]] in October 1864, just six weeks before his death.

Wiliam Lytle was mortally wounded at the [[Battle of Chickamauga]] in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] while leading a [[counterattack]] on horseback. Once his identity was known, respectful Confederates placed a guard around his body, and many recited his poetry over their evening campfires.<ref>[http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2003/11/02/loc_ohiodate1102.html ''Cincinnati Enquirer'', 11/2/2003]</ref> The hill where he died is now known as "Lytle Hill" in the [[Chickamauga National Military Park]].

Lytle Park in Cincinnati, and Lytle Street at 1235 west in Chicago, are named for the fallen general. He never married and left no direct descendants.

==Anthology==

Venable, William H. (ed.), ''Poems of William Haines Lytle.'' Cincinnati: Robert Clarke Co., 1894.

==References and links==

* Carter, Ruth C., ''For Honor, Glory & Union: The Mexican & Civil War Letters of Brig. Gen. William Haines Lytle.'' Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999. ISBN 0813121086.
* [http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2003/04/03/tem_thulede03.html ''Cincinnati Enquirer'' biography]
* [http://www.generalsandbrevets.com/ngl/lytle.htm Generals and Brevets: Lytle photo gallery]

==Notes==

{{FootnotesSmall|resize=100%}}

[[Category:1826 births|Lytle, William]]
[[Category:1864 deaths|Lytle, William]]
[[Category:United States Army generals|Lytle, William]]
[[Category:Union Army generals|Lytle, William]]
[[Category:People from Ohio|Lytle, William]]
[[Category:Ohio in the Civil War|Lytle, William]]

Mount Rainier

2006-06-29T03:58:16Z

64.12.117.14: /* Weblinks */

{{Dieser Artikel|beschäftigt sich mit dem Vulkan Mount Rainier, für andere Bedeutungen siehe [[Mount Rainier (Begriffsklärung)]]}}
{{Bergtabelle Start |
Name=Mount Rainier |
Foto=Mount Rainier von Sourdough Ridge trail .jpg |
Beschreibung=Mount Rainier |
Höhe=4.392 Meter |
Lage=[[Washington (Bundesstaat)|Washington]], [[USA]] |
Gebirge=[[Kaskaden-Kette]]}}
{{Bergtabelle Koordinaten|46_51_8_N_121_45_40_W_type:mountain_region:US|46° 51′ 8" N, 121° 45′ 40" W}}
{{Bergtabelle Vulkan |
Typ=[[Schichtvulkan]] |
Alter=< 500.000 Jahre |
Letzte Eruption=[[1854]]}}
{{Bergtabelle Erstbesteigung|[[1870]] durch Hazard Stevens und P.B. Van Trump}}
{{Bergtabelle LeichtesteRoute|Fels/Gletscherroute über ''Disappointment Cleaver''}}
{{Infobox Ende}}
'''Mount Rainier''' ist ein [[Schichtvulkan]] und Zentrum des [[Mount-Rainier-Nationalpark]]s 87 km südöstlich von [[Seattle]] im [[US-Bundesstaat]] [[Washington (Bundesstaat)|Washington]]. Mit 4.392 Metern ist er der höchste Gipfel der [[Kaskaden-Kette]], er wurde früher '''Tahoma''' oder '''[[Tacoma]]''' genannt, abgeleitet von dem [[Puyallup]]-Wort '' tacobet''. Seine Namen bedeuten in der Sprache der Ureinwohner: Großer Berg, Schneespitze oder Ort, von dem das Wasser kommt (Mutter des Wassers). Durch seine Präsenz am südlichem Horizont nennen die Bewohner des Gebiets um Seattle ihn oft auch nur ''"The Mountain"''.

Obwohl es möglich ist den Gipfel zu besteigen ist es kein einfacher Aufstieg, immer wieder kommen Bergsteiger ums Leben. [[Wintersport]] ist ebenfalls möglich, oberhalb von 1800 Metern ist Mount Rainier größtenteils von Gletschern bedeckt. Die Kraterränder bleiben durch die Hitze des [[Vulkan]]s eisfrei.

Die älteste [[Lava]] des Vulkans ist um 500.000 Jahre alt. Die letzte aufgezeichnete [[Eruption]] fand zwischen [[1820]] und [[1854]] statt, es gibt aber Augenzeugenberichte über einen Ausbruch im späten [[18. Jahrhundert]] (Harris, 1988). Obwohl zur Zeit die Gefahr eines Ausbruchs nicht besteht, gehen Geologen davon aus, dass der Vulkan wieder ausbrechen wird. [[Lahar]]e sind die größte Gefahr, die vom Mount Rainier ausgehen, aber er ist auch in der Lage, [[Pyroklastischer Strom|pyroklastische Ströme]] zu verursachen und heiße Lava auszustoßen.

Die Flüsse [[Whithe River|Whithe]], [[Carbon River|Carbon]], [[Puyallup River]], [[Nisqually River|Nisqually]] und [[Cowlitz River]] entspringen am Hang des Mount Rainier.

== Geschichte ==
[[Bild:Mount-rainier-lahar-lavaflow-pyroclasticflow-hazardmap.jpg|thumb|250px|Gefahrenzonen]]
[[Bild:Mount Rainier from Sunrise bw.png|thumb|250px]]
Die Ersten, die die Region besiedelten, waren [[amerikanische Ureinwohner]]. Als die ersten Europäer das Gebiet erforschten, trafen sie auf [[Nisqually]], [[Cowlitz (Volk)|Cowlitz]], [[Yakama]], [[Puyallup]], und [[Muckleshoot]] Stämme.

[[George Vancouver]], der [[1792]] in den Meerarm [[Puget Sound]] hineinsegelte, war der erste Europäer, der den Berg zu Gesicht bekam. Er benannte ihn nach seinem Freund Admiral Peter Rainier, der ''seinen'' Berg aber bis zu seinem Tod nie besuchen konnte.

[[1833]] erforschte Dr. [[William Tolmie]] das Gebiet auf der Suche nach medizinisch nutzbaren Pflanzen. Nach ihm folgten weitere Forscher. Hazard Stevens and P.B. Van Trump waren die ersten, denen es [[1870]] gelang, den Gipfel zu erreichen; sie wurden dafür wie Helden gefeiert, [[John Muir]] folgte [[1888]]. Muir war einer von vielen, der empfahl, den Berg zu schützen. Im Jahr [[1893]] wurde das Gebiet der [[Pacific Forest Reserve]] hinzugefügt um seine Ressourcen (Holz und [[Wasserscheide]]n) zu schützen.

In der Hoffnung den Tourismus zu fördern, forderten die [[Eisenbahngesellschaft]]en und die lokalen Geschäfte die Schaffung eines [[Nationalpark]]s. Am [[2. März]] [[1899]] erklärte Präsident [[William McKinley]] das Gebiet zum [[Mount Rainier National Park]], dem fünften amerikanischen [[Nationalpark]].

[[1998]] etablierte die [[United States Geological Survey]] das Mount Rainier [[Lahar-Warnsystem]] um die Evakuierung des [[Puyallup (Fluss)|Puyallup]]-Flusstals im Fall eines [[Erdrutsch]]es zu unterstützen. Heute wird es vom [[Department of Emergency Management]] des [[Pierce County (Washington)|Pierce Countys]] geleitet.

== Weblinks ==
*{{NPS Link|mora}}
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs034-02/ USGS: Mount Rainier -- Learning to Live with Volcanic Risk] (englisch)
*[http://www.yoyita.com/landscape_g.htm Mount Rainier Öl auf Segeltuch] [http://www.yoyita.com Atelier Yoyita]

{{Vorlage:Vulkane der Cascade Range}}

[[Kategorie:Berg in Washington|Rainier]]
[[Kategorie:Viertausender|Rainier]]
[[Kategorie:Vulkan|Rainier]]

[[cs:Mount Rainier]]
[[en:Mount Rainier]]
[[fr:Mount Rainier]]
[[ja:レーニア山]]
[[nl:Mount Rainier]]
[[no:Mount Rainier]]
[[simple:Mount Rainier]]
[[sk:Rainier (sopka)]]
[[zh-min-nan:Rainier Soaⁿ]]

Mark Martin

2006-06-20T16:51:21Z

64.12.117.14: /* Career */

{{NASCAR current driver|
Name = Mark Anthony Martin|
Birthdate = [[January 9]], [[1959]] |
Birthplace = [[Batesville, Arkansas|Batesville]], [[Arkansas]]|
Car_Team = 6 - [[Roush Racing]] |
Previous_Year = 2005 |
Prev_Cup_Pos = 4th |
Best_Cup_Pos = 2nd - [[2002]], [[1998]], [[1994]], [[1990]] (Winston Cup) |
Wins = 35 |
Top_Tens = 367 |
Poles = 42 |
First_Race = [[1981]] [[Northwestern Bank 400]] ([[North Wilkesboro Speedway|North Wilkesboro]]) |
First_Win = [[1989]] [[Pop Secret Microwave Popcorn 400|AC Delco 500]] ([[North Carolina Speedway|Rockingham]]) |
Last_Win = [[2005]] [[Banquet 400]] ([[Kansas Speedway|Kansas]]) |
Awards = [[1977]] [[American Speed Association]] (ASA) Rookie of the Year

4-Time [[American Speed Association]] (ASA) Champion ([[1978]], [[1979]], [[1980]], [[1986]])

5-Time [[International Race of Champions|IROC]] Champion ([[1994]], [[1996]], [[1997]], [[1998]], [[2005]])

Named one of [[NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers]] ([[1998]])|
Updated_On = [[June 5]], [[2006]] |
}}

<div style="float:right;width:260px;padding:5px;">
[[Image:Mark-Martin-6-Car.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Mark Martin during qualifying of [[Pepsi 400]] at [[Daytona International Speedway|Daytona]].]]
</div>

'''Mark Anthony Martin''' (born [[January 9]], [[1959]] in [[Batesville, Arkansas]]) is a [[stock car racing]] driver for the [[Roush Racing]] team in [[NASCAR]]'s [[Nextel Cup]] series.

== Career ==
Martin has always been known as a "racer's racer". This basically means that he is willing to race any kind of vehicle in any kind of conditions anywhere in the world.

After racing in the short dirt tracks in the state of [[Arkansas]] for several years, Martin debuted in the [[American Speed Association]] (ASA) in 1977. He won the circuit's Rookie of the Year title in 1977 and then 3 consecutive championships from 1978 to 1980.

Martin began his [[Winston Cup]] career in 1981. After bouncing about with different sponsors and teams from 1981 to 1983, he returned to ASA in 1984. In his only full year in Cup during this period, he ran his own team and even had 5 top 10s, but ran out of money. In 1986, he won yet another ASA championship.

In 1987, he gave NASCAR racing another shot by running in the [[Busch Series]]. After a win in [[Dover International Speedway|Dover]], [[Delaware]], he was spotted by car owner [[Jack Roush]]. In 1988, Martin began a long relationship with Roush that continues to this day.

Overall, Martin has 35 career NASCAR Cup wins and has finished second in the [[Nextel Cup Series]] point standings four times (1990, 1994, 1998 and 2002). A cup championship still eludes him; however, he hopes to change that in the 2006 season. He has also achieved a record 47 victories in the [[Busch Series]]. In 1990 a 46 point penalty caused him to lose to Dale Earnhardt by 26 points in the final standings.

Martin finished off the 2005 Nascar Nextel Cup season with an exciting second place finish in the season finale to fellow Roush Racing teammate [[Greg Biffle]] at the Homestead International Speedway. In doing so, he also secured a fourth place spot in the Chase for the Nextel Cup, just 105 points back from series champion [[Tony Stewart]].

Martin has also won five [[International Race of Champions|IROC]] titles (1994, 1996, 1997 1998 and 2005) in addition to thirteen races, both records for that series.

His sponsors have included [[Stroh Brewery Company|Stroh Beer]], [[Folgers]] coffee, [[Kraft Foods|Kraft]], [[Valvoline]] motor oil, and [[Viagra]]/[[Pfizer]], and his current sponsor is AAA. In 2005, Martin announced he would retire after the 2005 season; thus the 2005 season was entitled Mark Martin's "Salute to You" tour, as a "thank you" to his fans. However, he ultimately opted to run an additional season at the request of his car owner [[Jack Roush]], who did not have a replacement driver lined up.

In June 2005, it was announced that Jamie McMurray would replace Mark Martin in the #6 car in 2007. This left Jack Roush without a driver for car 6 in 2006. Martin later agreed to drive for the 2006 season. Ultimately, it was announced that McMurray would be released from his contract and would take over for Kurt Busch instead in car #26, and Todd Kleuver would replace Mark Martin in the #6 [[American Automobile Association|AAA]] [[Ford Fusion (North American)|Ford Fusion]] in 2007.

In 2007, Mark Martin is planning to run a full schedule in the [[Craftsman Truck Series]] and help out his son, [[Matt Martin]], with his racing career. As of [[June 15]], Martin's best finish for the 2006 season was a 2nd place at the [[Golden Corral 500]] at [[Atlanta Motor Speedway]].

== Trivia ==
*Martin loves to listen to rap music. <ref>[http://www.motorsport.com/news/article.asp?ID=218289&FS=NASCAR-CUP Martin's rap anthem to debut at All-Star weekend]</ref>
*Martin claims his road racing experience came from his days driving on the winding roads of Batesville, Arkansas.{{citation-needed}}
*Martin is listed as the official owner of Matt Kenseth's 17 car.
*Martin currently resides in Daytona Beach, Fla.

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.markmartin.com Mark Martin Official Website]
*[http://www.racing-reference.com/driver?id=martima01 Mark Martin's career at Racing-reference.com]
*[http://www.roushracing.com/mark_martin/ Official team website]
*[http://www.nascar.com/drivers/dps/mmartin00/cup/index.html Mark Martin at nascar.com]
*[http://www.theinsidegroove.com/drivers/driver_info.php4?driver=Mark%20Martin The Inside Groove.com - Mark Martin - Bio, Stats, Images, Links and more..]

[[Category:1959 births|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:American Speed Association drivers|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:International Race of Champions drivers|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:Living people|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:NASCAR drivers|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:NASCAR Rookies of the Year|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:People from Arkansas|Martin, Mark]]
[[Category:Roush Racing drivers|Martin, Mark]]

[[fr:Mark Martin (NASCAR)]]
[[pt:Mark Martin]]
[[tl:Mark Martin]]

Satellite Awards 2002

2006-06-07T22:02:11Z

64.12.117.14:

CHICKENS!!!! FUCK!!!!!!!!

Tiny Toons Abenteuer: Total verrückte Ferien

2006-05-28T02:48:33Z

64.12.117.14:

[[Image:Tiny Toon LD.jpg|thumb|left|[[Laserdisc]] cover]]

'''''Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation''''' is a [[direct-to-video]] (though it was briefly considered for theatrical release) animated movie made in 1991, and released in 1992 from [[Warner Bros. Animation]] and [[Amblin Entertainment]]. It features the regular cast from the animated program ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]''. The film was produced by [[Tom Ruegger]] and written by [[Paul Dini]], [[Nicholas Hollander]], Tom Ruegger and [[Sherri Stoner]]. It was executive produced by [[Steven Spielberg]]. The film was released [[MPAA film rating system|unrated]] in the U.S., but was rated [[British Board of Film Classification|U]] in the U.K. and [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (Australia)|G]] in Australia. It is available only in [[VHS]] format at the moment (catalogue number 12290). It was also released on [[Laserdisc]]. The film is 80 minutes, and is [[closed captioned]] for the hearing impared.

[[Image:Superman TTA.jpg|right|125px|thumb|[[Superman]] makes a cameo, saving [[Babs and Buster Bunny]] and [[Byron Basset]]]]
{{spoiler}}
The plot of the film centers on the various Tiny Toon characters and what adventures they have during the summer after their term at the Looniversity ends.

* [[Buster and Babs Bunny]] have a water pistol fight, which leads to Acme Acres being flooded. The two bunnies float down the river and end up in the southern United States, with a few loose parodies of the movie [[Deliverance]].
* [[Plucky Duck]] tags along with [[Hamton J. Pig]] and his family as they drive to the amusement park HappyWorldLand. It is a very long and painful trip and ends in Plucky getting chased by an escaped lunatic with a chainsaw and a hockey mask.
* [[Fifi Le Fume]] has her eye on movie star Johnny Pew, and manages to track him down at the hotel he's staying at. They end up going on a date—too bad it's not a dream date.
* [[Fowlmouth]] drags [[Shirley the Loon]] to see ''Skunkophobia'' (presumably a play on the 1990 film [[Arachnophobia (film)|Arachnophobia]]), a movie he's seen 100 times already - and one he won't shut up through.
* [[Elmyra Duff]] has the time of her life at a nature park, as the animals run for their lives.

''Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation'' is thought of as the finest example of the animated series. It has whimsical animaton from [[Tokyo Movie Shinsha]], various funny story lines thanks to many talented writers and directors, and a cast of voice actors working together perfectly.

== Credit gags ==
''Tiny Toon Adventures'' is known for its gags, often only visible when watching the show frame-by-frame. Such is the case with ''How I Spent My Vacation'', which has numerous gags inserted into its rapidly scrolling credits. The list includes:
*''Reason This Movie Went Straight To Home Video: Cuz It's So Darned Good!''
*''Original Running Time: 8 hours, 47 minutes''
*''Hey, What About That [[Steve Urkel|Urkel]] Kid? Is He Funny Or What?''
*''First Theatrical Screening: June 8, 1991. Old Orchard Theatre. [[Skokie, Illinois]].''
*''Last Theatrical Screening: (Same as Above.)''
*''This Film Has Been Edited For Your Protection.''
*''Do Not Back Up. Severe Tire Damage.''
*''Man In Sound Recording Booth Who Pushes That Funny Red Button A Lot: Link Poonie''
*''Moral of the Story (Pick One):''
*#''Enjoy Your Vacation.''
*#''Relish Your Youth.''
*#''Don't Pick Up Chainsaw-Wielding Hitchikers.''
*#''Feature Length Movies Should Not Have 18 Different Plots.''
*''These End Credits Are Interminable.''
*''Top 4 Reasons A Caricature Of [[David Letterman]] Is In This Video thingybob:''
*#''We Admire His Comedy Stylings.''
*#''We Wanted To Use [[Merv Griffin]], But He Threatened To Sue.''
*#''We Needed Some Filler.''
*#''We're Brown-Nosing Weasles Who Want Him To Mention Us On His Show.''
*''Other Stuff Done By: Some Guy Named Bob''
*''And That's The Final Credit.'' There is a pause in the credits as ending music plays. Suddenly, new music starts up. ''We Lied.'' Cast listing begins.
*''Our Only Regret: [[Joe Piscopo]]''
*''Woman Who Cleans Studio: Queegee Bananahoe''
*''Suggested Retail Price: $19.95 Without Rebate.''
*''With Rebate: About A Buck And A Quarter.''

The end tag is of Byron Basset, who sniffs around before saying "Woof."

{{Template:LooneyTunesmovies}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|id=105598|title=Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:Animated comedy films]]
[[Category:Direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Tiny Toon Adventures]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Animation films]]
[[Category:Comedy films]]

Michael Swanwick

2005-12-08T02:48:25Z

64.12.117.14: /* Biography */

[[Image:Michael Swanwick 2005.JPG|thumb|200px|At the [[63rd World Science Fiction Convention]] in [[Glasgow]], August [[2005]]]]
'''Michael Swanwick''' (born [[November 18]], [[1950]]) is a [[science fiction]] author based in [[Philadelphia]] who began publishing in the early [[1980s]].

== Biography ==
His published novels are: ''In the Drift'' (an [[Ace Special]], [[1985]]); ''[[Vacuum Flowers]]'' ([[1987]]); ''[[Stations of the Tide]]'' ([[1991]]); ''[[The Iron Dragon's Daughter]]'' ([[1993]]), a fantasy with elves in Armani suits and dragons as jet fighters; ''[[Jack Faust]]'' ([[1997]]), a retelling of the [[Faust]] legend with modern science and technology; and ''Bones of the Earth'' ([[2002]]), a [[time travel|time-travel]] story involving [[dinosaurs]].

His short fiction has been collected in ''Gravity's Angels'' (1991), ''[[Moon Dogs]]'' ([[2000]]) and ''Tales of Old Earth'' (2000), along with several smaller collections. A novella, ''Griffin's Egg'', was published in book form in 1991 and is also collected in ''Moon Dogs''. He has collaborated with other authors on several short works, including [[Gardner Dozois]] ("Ancestral Voices", "City of God", "Snow Job") and [[William Gibson (novelist)|William Gibson]] ("Dogfight").

''Stations of the Tide'' won the [[Nebula Award|Nebula]] for [[Nebula Award for Best Novel|best novel]], and several of his shorter works have won awards as well: the Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for "The Edge of the World" in [[1989]], the World Fantasy Award for "Radio Waves" in [[1996]], and [[Hugo Award|Hugos]] for "The Very Pulse of the Machine" ([[1999]]), "Scherzo with Tyrannosaur" (2000), and "The Dog Said Bow-wow" (2002). His novelette "Slow Life" ([[2002]]) won the Hugo Award at Torcon 3 in [[August]] [[2003]].

Swanwick has written about the field as well. He published two long essays on the state of the science fiction ([[The User's Guide to the Postmoderns]], 1986) and fantasy ("In the Tradition...", 1994), the former of which was controversial for its categorization of new SF writers into "cyberpunk" and "literary humanist" camps. Both essays are included in ''Moon Dogs''. A book-length interview with Gardner Dozois, ''Being Gardner Dozois'', was published in [[2001]].

== Fiction of Michael Swanwick (partial list) ==

=== Novels ===

*''[[Stations of the Tide]]'' (1991) ([[Nebula Award]] winner)
*''Vacuum Flowers''
*''[[The Iron Dragon's Daughter]]'' (1994)
*''Jack Faust''
*''Bones of the Earth''

=== Short stories ===
[[Image:Cigarbox.jpg|thumb|200px|Front cover of ''Cigar Box Faust and Other Miniatures''.]]
*"The Gods of Mars" (1985) (with [[Gardner Dozois]] and [[Jack Dann]])
*"Dogfight" (1985) (with [[William Gibson (novelist)|William Gibson]])
*"Griffin's Egg" (1992)
*"The Dead" (1996)
*"The Very Pulse of the Machine" (1999) ([[Hugo Award]] winner)
*"Scherzo with Tyrannosaur" (2000) ([[Hugo Award]] winner)
*"The Dog Said Bow-Wow" (2002) ([[Hugo Award]] winner)
*"Slow Life" (2003) ([[Hugo Award]] winner)

== External links ==
* [http://www.michaelswanwick.com/ Michael Swanwick Online] (official home page)
* {{isfdb name|id=Michael_Swanwick|name=Michael Swanwick}}

[[Category:1950 births|Swanwick, Michael]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers|Swanwick, Michael]]
[[Category:Hugo Award winning authors|Swanwick, Michael]]
[[Category:Nebula Award winning authors|Swanwick, Michael]]

[[bg:Майкъл Суонуик]]
[[nl:Michael Swanwick]]

Kanon (Fiktion)

2005-09-16T00:22:36Z

64.12.117.14: /* South Park */

In the context of fiction, the '''canon''' of a [[fictional universe]] comprises those novels, stories, films, etc. that are considered to be genuine (or "official"), and those events, characters, settings, etc. that are considered to have inarguable existence within the fictional universe. Usually items that are considered canon come from the original source of the fictional universe while '''non-canon''' material comes from adaptations or unofficial items. Generally, [[Expanded Universe]]s are not considered canon, though there are exceptions which are considered '''near-canon'''.

[[Fan-fiction]] is never considered canon. Sometimes, however, events or characterizations portrayed in fan-fiction can become so influential that they are respected in fiction written by many different authors, and may be mistaken for canonical facts by fans. This is referred to as "[[fanon]]". The use of fan-fiction to fill gaps or continuity errors in canon is derisively called "fanwanking," or "fanwank". (The terms fanon and fanwank can apply to officially licensed works as well.)

There is no unanimous opinion on whether having a definitive canon in a fictional setting is useful, desirable or even possible. Canonicity of fiction is a distinctly modern idea, since earlier ages, before the current ideas of [[intellectual property]] came about, did not distinguish between "official" and "unofficial" sources of stories.

==Examples of fictional canons==

===Babylon 5===
The canon consists of the television series ''[[Babylon 5]]'' and its later TV movies, the TV series ''[[Crusade (TV series)|Crusade]]'', the Babylon 5 novels and the ''Babylon 5'' comic book published by [[DC Comics]]. This was decided by [[J. Michael Straczynski]], who maintained a tight control on the expanded universe to ensure ''everything'' was canonical.

===DC Universe===
Most, but not all, [[comic book]]s published by [[DC Comics]] take place in a shared world known as the [[DC Universe]]. The canon of this world comprises all the [[post-Crisis]] comics not stated to be set in an [[alternate universe]], except those specifically contradicted by later stories following ''[[Zero Hour (comics)|Zero Hour]]'' (most notably, ''[[Batman: Year Two]]'', ''[[Batman: Son of the Demon]]'' and the ''[[Action Comics]] Weekly'' strip featuring [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel]]). The events may not have occurred exactly as shown, however, owing to the [[floating timeline]].

Appearances of the DC Comics characters in other media are not considered canon.

===DC Animated Universe===
Many of the DC [[animated television series]] of the [[1990s]] and [[2000s]] comprise their own canon, distinct from that of the comic books that spawned them. This "[[DC Animated Universe]]" includes ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]''; ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]''; ''[[Batman Beyond]]''; ''[[Justice League (animated series)]]''; and ''[[Justice League Unlimited]]'', as well as the animated movies ''[[Batman: Mask of the Phantasm]]''; ''[[World's Finest]]''; ''[[Batman: Subzero]]''; ''[[Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker]]''; and ''[[Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman]]''.

The comic books based on the animated series are not considered part of the animated canon.

===Doctor Who===
There has never been an "official" statement on what is canonical ''[[Doctor Who]]''. ''Doctor Who'' has never had a single author or authority and it is apparent that the [[BBC]], which owns the series, has generally not cared about the matter. The many creators of ''Doctor Who'' have always treated the concept of continuity loosely. Fans run a spectrum between those who consider only the television series canonical and those who consider all ''Doctor Who'' canonical. Within that spectrum many view the licensed [[novels]] and [[radio drama|audio plays]] as at least near-canonical, and some of those would also include the ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'' comic strips. It is generally assumed that all televised ''Doctor Who'' episodes from [[1963]] to [[1989]], plus the [[Doctor Who (Enemy Within)|1996 telemovie]], are canonical, including a [[1965]] episode in which The Doctor arguably breaks the [[fourth wall]] to wish viewers a Merry [[Christmas]] ("The Feast of Steven", episode 7 of ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'').

A small faction of ''Doctor Who'' fans considers the 1996 television film, and the [[Eighth Doctor]] portrayed therein, to be non-canonical. The new ''Doctor Who'' series, which started in 2005, is a continuation of the earlier series, and also seems to be widely considered canonical. The new series itself seems to treat the original series and the television film as canonical, and has made subtle references to some novels and in one case the comic strip, but like all ''Doctor Who'' it is unlikely to be bound by anything that has gone before.

Generally, the canonical status of all [[Doctor Who spin-offs|Doctor Who spin-off]] media outside of what has been presented on screen (bar obvious spoofs) is debatable, including the [[BBC radio]] dramas and [[webcast]]s based upon the show. The two theatrical films based upon the series in the 1960s, starring [[Peter Cushing]], are not generally considered canonical, nor is the considerable background information contained in the [[role-playing game]] produced by FASA in the [[1980s]].

Many of the short stories in the BBC anthology ''Short Trips and Side Steps'' have settings generally considered non-canonical; for instance, one story features the Cushing Doctor, while another is set between the [[Children in Need]] ''[[EastEnders]]'' crossover ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'' and the Doctor's appearance in the schools programme ''[[Search Out Science]]''.

The comic strips (''Ground Zero'', DWM #238-242), [[Eighth Doctor Adventures]] (''Sometime Never...'' by [[Justin Richards]]) and the [[Big Finish Productions]] audio plays (''[[Zagreus (Doctor Who audio)|Zagreus]]'') have all attempted to provide an in-continuity explanation for discrepancies by suggesting that their separate continuities take place in multiple [[parallel universe]]s.

===James Bond===
Fans of [[Ian Fleming]]'s superspy are divided over what is considered official canon. There is little argument that all of Fleming's original short stories and novels are canon, and some include the [[Kingsley Amis]] Bond novel, ''Colonel Sun'' in this canon as well. The status of the [[John Gardner (thriller writer)|John Gardner]] and [[Raymond Benson]] Bond novels in canon is less certain, since both book series have been updated and feature elements and characters created for the movie series. Benson's novels are particularly controversial as they appear to be based upon the Bond movie universe, rather than the literary Bond. The various Bond film novelizations are generally considered [[apocryphal]], as is a 1970s "authorized biography" of Bond by [[John Pearson (author)|John Pearson]].

A new series of novels featuring a [[Young Bond|teenaged Bond]] written by [[Charlie Higson]] was released in the beginning of [[2005]]. It remains to be seen if this series will be considered official canon. The TV series ''[[James Bond Jr.]]'', while officially licensed, is not considered canonical.

The Bond movies, meanwhile, appear to exist somewhat outside of any canon. Although there is some between-films continuity (e.g. references to the death of Bond's wife), the ever-changing cast has rendered any sort of canon determination virtually impossible.

===Macross===

The [[Macross]] canon consists of two animated TV series ([[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross]] and its distant sequel, [[Macross Seven]]), a movie which is treated as a historical drama produced in the "Macross universe" ([[Macross: Ai Oboete Imasu Ka?|Macross: Ai Oboete Imasu Ka?/Macross: Do You Remember Love?]]) and two Original Animation Videos ([[Macross Plus]], a sequel and [[Macross Zero]], a prequel). Not included is [[Macross II: Lovers Again]], a sequel hurriedly produced by [[Big West]] for the 10th Anniversary of Macross in [[1992]].

===Marvel Universe===
Most, but not all, comic books publised by [[Marvel Comics]] are set in a shared world known as the [[Marvel Universe]]. The canon for this world comprises all the comics not stated to be set in an [[alternate universe]], except those specifically contradicted by later stories. The events may not have occurred exactly as shown, however, owing to the [[floating timeline]].

Appearances of the Marvel Comics characters in other media are not considered canon.

===Middle-earth===

''Main article:'' [[Middle-earth canon]]

Defining the [[Middle-earth]] canon is difficult, because many key writings were not published by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] before his death. A considerable number of [[Tolkien fan]]s do not believe that a canon can be defined at all, preferring to observe the evolution of Tolkien's stories in the many versions and drafts published posthumously in the [[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]] series. Most, however, agree that ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' are canon, and also include a substantial amount of material published in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', and other posthumous books, as well as information from Tolkien's [[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|letters]]. Works outside of canon include art books (except for the collections of Tolkien's own art) and video games; the ''Lord of the Rings'' movies by [[Ralph Bakshi]] and [[Peter Jackson]] are generally considered uncanonical as well.

===Mortal Kombat===

The ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' series has an especially interesting (and confusing) plot canon. Every game in the series features a different ending for each character. Often, the endings in a single game will contradict each other. Fans tend to speculate about which endings are canon from whatever game has most recently been released, however the "true" endings are never officially known until the plot of the next game is revealed. Because not every ending from a game can be true, the majority of the endings from each game are non-canon. Additionally, portions of some endings may be considered canon while the rest of the ending is ignored.

An interesting trend associated with this line of canon plot is that nearly every game assumes the "good guys" (typically, the Earthrealm kombatants) prevailed over the "bad guys." In fact, this trend has only recently been broken, with the release of 2004's ''[[Mortal Kombat: Deception]]'', which assumes that Earthrealm's warriors lost and died at the hands of the [[Deadly Alliance]].

===Sherlock Holmes===

The [[Sherlock Holmes]] canon consists of the stories and novels written by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]. This was decided by [[the Baker Street Irregulars]], a group of Holmes enthusiasts, to distinguish the original stories from the [[pastiche]]s that followed Holmes' retirement, and is probably the first use of the word in this context.

===The Simpsons===

In ''[[The Simpsons]]'', most episodes are considered to be canon, though some may not be able to match others exactly. There is one episode that parodies this: Ned Flanders gives Homer a football ticket and they become friends by the end of the episode. [http://www.simpsoncrazy.com/episodeguide/season5/1f14.shtml]
Lisa: Don't worry, Bart. It seems like every week
something odd happens to the Simpsons.
My advice is to ride it out, make the occasional smart-aleck quip,
and by next week we'll be back to where we started from,
ready for another wacky adventure.
Bart: Ay, caramba!
Lisa: That's the spirit.
In the very last scene, however, it is like none of it ever happened.

There are references to other episodes in some, such as the fact that the Simpson family travelled to all of the continents in the world, save Antarctica. However, the location of Springfield is a big issue, and most clues to finding Springfield in the United States contradicts many other hints in previous episodes.

Some special episodes, such as the [[Treehouse of Horror]] specials, clip shows, and "[[Behind the Laughter]]," are not considered to be canon.

The original ''Shorts'', appearing as filler in ''[[The Tracey Ullman Show]]'', featuring what could be considered prototypes of the characters that have appeared in the half-hour episodes are not considered canonical, though there have been occasional references to events from the earlier episodes.

===Star Trek===
''Main article:'' [[Star Trek canon]]

The [[Star Trek]] canon consists of the television series ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', and ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'' and its sequels. The non-canonical status of the various [[novel]]s, [[comic book]]s and ''[[Star Trek: The Animated Series]]'' was decided by [[Gene Roddenberry]], who also claimed that the Trek film ''[[Star Trek V: The Final Frontier]]'' was "slightly apocryphal".

The canon/non-canon status of the various reference books such as the [[Star Trek Encyclopedia]] and various companions acompanying the series is still debated. Many consider such reference works to be canon, while others do not; there is currently no clear answer solving this problem. A similar problem exists with [[trading card]]s cataloging information from the series.

===South Park===

Another notable animation series in this context is South Park. It follows the misbehavings of a group of four friends. At the end of most early episodes, the character of [[Kenny McCormick|Kenny]] dies, but at the start of each new episode, he's found to be alive again. The reason for this is that his mother gives birth to another [[Kenny McCormick|Kenny]]. When this is revealed, the [[Kenny McCormick|Kenny]] born at that moment was the 52nd.

==Other factors==
The fact the majority of fans of a fictional setting view certain things as non-canonical, or even an official statement to that effect from its creators, does not oblige everyone to agree. In addition, a story can belong to two overlapping canons. The most obvious example of this is [[Philip José Farmer]]'s [[Wold Newton family]]. Some (but not all) of the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, [[Tarzan]], [[Doc Savage]] etc. are canonical in the Wold Newton setting. This does not mean that the events of Farmer's books are canonical from a Sherlockian perspective. Similarly, fans of [[Laurie R. King]]'s novels of [[Sherlock Holmes]] and [[Mary Russell]] consider all the Holmes stories to be canonical in King's setting.

The difference can be even less clear cut than this. Current ''Star Trek'' novels maintain a tight continuity with each other, and avoid contradicting the television series. When a ''Lost Era'' novel set between the movies and ''The Next Generation'' features a younger version of a character introduced in a ''Deep Space Nine'' novel, it's obvious there's some sort of "canonical" novel-setting, even if the TV series is not obliged to conform to it. This is where [[fanon]] and canon often collide, especially when a TV series, movie or other officially canonical source contradicts it. An example is the Trek novel ''[[Starfleet Year One]]'' which appeared in print before the TV series ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' was announced, but was completely invalidated by the series; there are some Trek fans who prefer the ''Starfleet Year One'' version of events as canon, rejecting the TV series. Generally, though, in the case of televised fiction, only facts which appear in the as-originally-aired version of a program are considered canonical (including scenes cut from re-runs, but not including such things as deleted scenes and scenes from unaired pilots and other such material that 'leaks out' over the internet).

In some fictional universes interviews and other communications from authors are also considered canon - like [[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien|the letters of J. R. R. Tolkien]] with relation to [[Middle Earth]]. Also items such as interviews, internet chat sessions, and website of [[J. K. Rowling]] in relation to [[Harry Potter]] This usually only happens in cases where all works in the universe have the same author.

==See also==
*[[Dragon Ball canon]]
*[[Star Wars canon]]
*[[Middle-earth canon]]

[[Category:Narratology]]

Michael Hayes (Wrestler)

2005-09-02T22:20:35Z

64.12.117.14: /* WWF/WWE */

[[Image:Michael_Hayes.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Michael "P.S." Hayes]]
'''Michael "P.S." Hayes''' (born '''Michael Seitz''' on [[March 29]], [[1959]] in [[Marietta, Georgia]]), is a former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] famous for his [[stable (professional wrestling)|group]], [[Fabulous Freebirds|The Fabulous Freebirds]].

==Career==
===Early days===
Hayes started wrestling in [[1977]] in the [[Tennessee]] regional [[professional wrestling promotion|promotions]]. In [[1979]], he formed a [[tag team]] with [[Terry Gordy|Terry "Bam Bam" Gordy]] called [[Fabulous Freebirds|The Fabulous Freebirds]]. They used entrance music to come to the ring and started that trend here in the [[United States]].

Hayes became Michael "P.S." Hayes, P.S. meaning "Purely Sexual," and they strutted their way to many tag team titles along with [[Dale Hey|Buddy "Jack" Roberts]]. Hayes also started moonwalking in the ring like [[Michael Jackson]] used to do in concert.

The Freebirds spent [[1980]] throught [[1982]] in the [[National Wrestling Alliance|NWA]]'s [[Jim Crockett Promotions]] where they won the National Tag Team Titles a few times, split and feuded, then mended fences.

===World class===
In 1982, they left for [[World Class Championship Wrestling|WCCW]], where they would have one of their most famous [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuds]]. They attacked [[Jack Adkisson|Fritz Von Erich]] and started a feud with his sons, [[David Adkisson|David]], [[Kerry Adkisson|Kerry]], [[Kevin Adkisson|Kevin]] and [[Mike Adkisson|Mike]], that would include many exciting matches on and off for the next 6 years. The Freebird-Von Erich feud ended for good in [[1994]] during a memorial card in tribute to [[Kerry Adkisson|Kerry Von Erich]].

Hayes was always the leader of the group with his exceptional mic skills and he recorded the team's new theme song, ''Badstreet USA'', in [[1984]]. They had used the [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] song ''Freebird'' up to that point and would on occasion in the future.

In 1984, The Freebirds had a brief stint in the [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]] but left when management wanted to split them up.

The Freebirds spent a few months in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] in [[1985]], feuding with [[Road Warriors|The Road Warriors]] over the AWA World Tag Team Titles. They interfered in the match that the Warriors finally lost the titles in and went back to [[Texas]].

They also spent several months in the [[Universal Wrestling Federation]] in [[1986]] and early [[1987]] with Sunshine as their [[manager (professional wrestling)|manager]]. They feuded with "The Fantastics" ([[James Hines|Bobby Fulton]] and [[Thomas Couch|Tommy Rogers]]) and with [[Steve Williams (wrestler)|"Dr. Death" Steve Williams]].

Their final run in WCCW was in [[1988]] and Roberts & Gordy left the group forcing Hayes to team with the Von Erichs against them and [[Iceman Parsons]].

[[Image:Michael_Hayes_1.jpg||thumb||Hayes in WCW.]]

===NWA/WCW===
In [[1989]], Hayes went back to [[Jim Crockett Promotions]], where he wrestled as a [[face (professional wrestling)|face]]. He [[turn (professional wrestling)|turned]] on [[WWE United States Championship|U.S. Champ]] [[Lex Luger]] during a match with [[Hiro Matsuda]]'s "[[Yamasaki Corporation]]" and joined them. This stable included [[Ric Flair]], [[Barry Windham|Barry]] & [[Kendall Windham]] and [[Butch Reed]]. Hayes feuded with Luger and won the U.S. Title from him after Terry Gordy suprised everybody and interfered in the match. Hayes soon lost the title back to Luger and the Freebirds entered the tournament to crown new NWA World Tag Team Champions.

At [[Clash of Champions]] 7, on [[June 14]], 1989, [[Jimmy Garvin]] showed up as the newest Freebird and he and Hayes won the tournament. They immediately feuded with "The Midnight Express", [[Bobby Eaton]] and [[Stan Lane]]. Gordy left in late 1989 and Hayes and Garvin feuded with [[Ricky Morton]] and [[Reuben Kane|Robert Gibson]] (The Rock 'N Roll Express).

In [[1991]], Jim Crockett Promotions became [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and they feuded with "The Southern Boys", [[Steve Armstrong]] and [[Tracy Smothers]]. They soon added another Freebird, [[Brad Armstrong|Badstreet]]. He helped them win the U.S. Tag Team Titles and they all three won the Six-Man Titles. They also had two managers briefly, [[Oliver Humperdink|Big Daddy Dink]] and [[Page Falkenberg|Diamond Dallas Page]].

In late 1991, Badstreet was gone and they really had no direction. Garvin's wife [[Patti Williams|Precious]] became their offscreen manager and they won the U.S. Tag Titles again but The Freebirds disbanded by late [[1992]].

Hayes then started managing [[Arn Anderson]] and [[Bobby Eaton]], who were still members of the [[Dangerous Alliance]]. He became a member of sorts and even helped [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] in his feud with [[Melissa Hiatt|Missy Hyatt]].

In [[1993]], Hayes became a fan favorite and feuded with [[Paul Orndorff]] over the TV Title and then with [[Marc Mero|Johnny B. Badd]] and also did some commentating before leaving WCW in [[1994]]. He went to the [[Global Wrestling Federation]] and reunited with Garvin and Gordy as the Freebirds.

[[Image:Dok_Hendrix.jpg||thumb||Hayes as Dok Hendrix.]]

===WWF/WWE===
In [[1995]], he retired from active competition due to an injury. He became '''Dok Hendrix''', ''WWF Action Zone'' co-host with Todd Pettingill. He was there for comedic relief, as he was always goofy and lusted over [[Tammy Lynn Sytch|Sunny]] and [[Rena Mero|Sable]] when they would be on the show.

In [[1998]], he was attacked by [[Glen Jacobs|Kane]] and was injured.

He returned to active competition in [[1999]] for Power Pro Wrestling, where he won the title. He soon came back to WWF TV as the manager for [[Hardy Boyz|The Hardy Boyz]], [[Matt Hardy|Matt]] & [[Jeff Hardy]]. He was fired by them in [[August]] and became a backstage [[road agent]] for the WWF.

At [[WrestleMania X-Seven|WrestleMania X-7]] on [[April 1]], [[2001]], he competed in his last match in the [[Gimmick (professional wrestling)|gimmick]] Battle Royal. He did not win though.

Today, Hayes is a road agent for [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] and can sometimes be spotted breaking up brawls.

Hayes received some attention when it became known that, prior to the [[November 13]], [[2003]] episode of [[SmackDown!]] he had canvassed for [[John Cena]] (then a face) to attack his tag team partner [[Chris Benoit]] (also a face) after they had won their match. Hayes believed that adding an "edge" to Cena's character could recreate the popularity of [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]], who often behaved like a [[tweener (professional wrestling)|tweener]] but was extremely popular nonetheless. Despite opposition to the idea from the remainder of the creative team, all of whom felt that this would confuse the fans, Hayes went to [[Vince McMahon]] and convinced him to allow the [[angle (professional wrestling)|storyline]] to go forward. After the live crowd reacted badly to the storyline, it was cut from the SmackDown! broadcast.

==Profile==
*Height: 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
*Weight: 270 lb (122 kg)
*Birthday: [[March 29]], [[1959]]
*Hometown: [[Marietta, Georgia]]
*Billed From: Badstreet, USA
*Trainer: [[Afa Anoia]]
*[[manager (professional wrestling)|Managers]]: [[Valerie French|Sunshine]], [[Oliver Humperdink]], [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]], [[Hiro Matsuda]], [[Rocky King|Little Richard Marley]], [[Page Falkenberg|Diamond Dallas Page]]
*Other [[gimmick (professional wrestling)|Gimmicks]]: Dok Hendrix, Screaming Eagle
===Finishing and signature moves===
*[[Professional wrestling throws#DDT|DDT]]
*[[Professional wrestling throws#Front Facelock Drop|Front Facelock Drop]]

==Championships and accomplishments==
====[[World Championship Wrestling]]====
*1-Time [[WCW World Tag Team Championship|WCW World Tag Team Champion]] (with [[Jimmy Garvin]])
*2-Time [[WCW United States Tag Team Championship|WCW United States Tag Team Champion]] (with Jimmy Garvin)
*1-Time [[WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Championship|WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Champion]] (with Jimmy Garvin & [[Brad Armstrong|Badstreet]])
====[[National Wrestling Alliance]]====
*1-Time [[WWE United States Championship|NWA United States Heavyweight Champion]]
*1-Time [[NWA World Tag Team Championship|NWA World Tag Team Champion]] (with Jimmy Garvin)
*4-Time [[NWA National Tag Team Championship|NWA National Tag Team Champion]] (with [[Terry Gordy]] 3 times and [[Otis Sistrunk]] once)
*1-Time NWA Georgia Tag Team Champion (with Terry Gordy)
====[[All Japan Pro Wrestling]]====
*1-Time AJPW United National Champion
====[[World Class Championship Wrestling]]====
*2-Time [[WCWA Tag Team Championship|WCCW Tag Team Champion]] (with [[Steve Cox]])
*1-Time [[WCWA Tag Team Championship|WCCW American Tag Team Champion]] (with Terry Gordy)
*6-Time [[WCCW Six-Man Tag Team Championship|WCCW Six-Man Tag Team Champion]] (with Terry Gordy & Buddy Roberts 5 times and with [[Kerry Adkisson|Kerry]] & [[Kevin Adkisson|Kevin Von Erich]] once)
====[[Indy (professional wrestling)|Other Titles]]====
*1-Time PPW Heavyweight Champion
*1-Time [[UWF Tag Team Championship|Mid-South Tag Team Champion]] (with Terry Gordy)
*2-Time Mid-American Tag Team Champion (with Terry Gordy)
====[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]====
PWI ranked him # '''71''' of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003. He was also ranked # '''3''' of the best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with [[Terry Gordy]].
*Hayes won the PWI Tag Team of the Year Award in 1981 with Terry Gordy and Buddy Roberts.

==External links==
* [http://wccw2001.tripod.com/id13.html Fan page]

[[Category:American professional wrestlers|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:1959 births|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state)|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling announcers|Hayes, Michael]]

Michael Hayes (Wrestler)

2005-09-02T22:12:19Z

64.12.117.14:

[[Image:Michael_Hayes.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Michael "P.S." Hayes]]
'''Michael "P.S." Hayes''' (born '''Michael Seitz''' on [[March 29]], [[1959]] in [[Marietta, Georgia]]), is a former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] famous for his [[stable (professional wrestling)|group]], [[Fabulous Freebirds|The Fabulous Freebirds]].

==Career==
===Early days===
Hayes started wrestling in [[1977]] in the [[Tennessee]] regional [[professional wrestling promotion|promotions]]. In [[1979]], he formed a [[tag team]] with [[Terry Gordy|Terry "Bam Bam" Gordy]] called [[Fabulous Freebirds|The Fabulous Freebirds]]. They used entrance music to come to the ring and started that trend here in the [[United States]].

Hayes became Michael "P.S." Hayes, P.S. meaning "Purely Sexual," and they strutted their way to many tag team titles along with [[Dale Hey|Buddy "Jack" Roberts]]. Hayes also started moonwalking in the ring like [[Michael Jackson]] used to do in concert.

The Freebirds spent [[1980]] throught [[1982]] in the [[National Wrestling Alliance|NWA]]'s [[Jim Crockett Promotions]] where they won the National Tag Team Titles a few times, split and feuded, then mended fences.

===World class===
In 1982, they left for [[World Class Championship Wrestling|WCCW]], where they would have one of their most famous [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuds]]. They attacked [[Jack Adkisson|Fritz Von Erich]] and started a feud with his sons, [[David Adkisson|David]], [[Kerry Adkisson|Kerry]], [[Kevin Adkisson|Kevin]] and [[Mike Adkisson|Mike]], that would include many exciting matches on and off for the next 6 years. The Freebird-Von Erich feud ended for good in [[1994]] during a memorial card in tribute to [[Kerry Adkisson|Kerry Von Erich]].

Hayes was always the leader of the group with his exceptional mic skills and he recorded the team's new theme song, ''Badstreet USA'', in [[1984]]. They had used the [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] song ''Freebird'' up to that point and would on occasion in the future.

In 1984, The Freebirds had a brief stint in the [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]] but left when management wanted to split them up.

The Freebirds spent a few months in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] in [[1985]], feuding with [[Road Warriors|The Road Warriors]] over the AWA World Tag Team Titles. They interfered in the match that the Warriors finally lost the titles in and went back to [[Texas]].

They also spent several months in the [[Universal Wrestling Federation]] in [[1986]] and early [[1987]] with Sunshine as their [[manager (professional wrestling)|manager]]. They feuded with "The Fantastics" ([[James Hines|Bobby Fulton]] and [[Thomas Couch|Tommy Rogers]]) and with [[Steve Williams (wrestler)|"Dr. Death" Steve Williams]].

Their final run in WCCW was in [[1988]] and Roberts & Gordy left the group forcing Hayes to team with the Von Erichs against them and [[Iceman Parsons]].

[[Image:Michael_Hayes_1.jpg||thumb||Hayes in WCW.]]

===NWA/WCW===
In [[1989]], Hayes went back to [[Jim Crockett Promotions]], where he wrestled as a [[face (professional wrestling)|face]]. He [[turn (professional wrestling)|turned]] on [[WWE United States Championship|U.S. Champ]] [[Lex Luger]] during a match with [[Hiro Matsuda]]'s "[[Yamasaki Corporation]]" and joined them. This stable included [[Ric Flair]], [[Barry Windham|Barry]] & [[Kendall Windham]] and [[Butch Reed]]. Hayes feuded with Luger and won the U.S. Title from him after Terry Gordy suprised everybody and interfered in the match. Hayes soon lost the title back to Luger and the Freebirds entered the tournament to crown new NWA World Tag Team Champions.

At [[Clash of Champions]] 7, on [[June 14]], 1989, [[Jimmy Garvin]] showed up as the newest Freebird and he and Hayes won the tournament. They immediately feuded with "The Midnight Express", [[Bobby Eaton]] and [[Stan Lane]]. Gordy left in late 1989 and Hayes and Garvin feuded with [[Ricky Morton]] and [[Reuben Kane|Robert Gibson]] (The Rock 'N Roll Express).

In [[1991]], Jim Crockett Promotions became [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and they feuded with "The Southern Boys", [[Steve Armstrong]] and [[Tracy Smothers]]. They soon added another Freebird, [[Brad Armstrong|Badstreet]]. He helped them win the U.S. Tag Team Titles and they all three won the Six-Man Titles. They also had two managers briefly, [[Oliver Humperdink|Big Daddy Dink]] and [[Page Falkenberg|Diamond Dallas Page]].

In late 1991, Badstreet was gone and they really had no direction. Garvin's wife [[Patti Williams|Precious]] became their offscreen manager and they won the U.S. Tag Titles again but The Freebirds disbanded by late [[1992]].

Hayes then started managing [[Arn Anderson]] and [[Bobby Eaton]], who were still members of the [[Dangerous Alliance]]. He became a member of sorts and even helped [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] in his feud with [[Melissa Hiatt|Missy Hyatt]].

In [[1993]], Hayes became a fan favorite and feuded with [[Paul Orndorff]] over the TV Title and then with [[Marc Mero|Johnny B. Badd]] and also did some commentating before leaving WCW in [[1994]]. He went to the [[Global Wrestling Federation]] and reunited with Garvin and Gordy as the Freebirds.

[[Image:Dok_Hendrix.jpg||thumb||Hayes as Dok Hendrix.]]

===WWF/WWE===
In [[1995]], he retired from active competition due to an injury. He became '''Dok Hendrix''', ''WWF Action Zone'' co-host with Todd Pettingill. He was there for comedic relief, as he was always goofy and lusted over [[Tammy Lynn Sytch|Sunny]] and [[Rena Mero|Sable]] when they would be on the show.

In [[1998]], he was attacked by [[Glen Jacobs|Kane]] and was injured.

He returned to active competition in [[1999]] for Power Pro Wrestling, where he won the title. He soon came back to WWF TV as the manager for [[Hardy Boyz|The Hardy Boyz]], [[Matt Hardy|Matt]] & [[Jeff Hardy]]. He was fired by them in [[August]] and became a backstage [[road agent]] for the WWF.

At [[WrestleMania X-7]] on [[April 1]], [[2001]], he competed in his last match in the [[Gimmick (professional wrestling)|gimmick]] Battle Royal. He did not win though.

Today, Hayes is a road agent for [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] and can sometimes be spotted breaking up brawls.

Hayes received some attention when it became known that, prior to the [[November 13]], [[2003]] episode of [[SmackDown!]] he had canvassed for [[John Cena]] (then a face) to attack his tag team partner [[Chris Benoit]] (also a face) after they had won their match. Hayes believed that adding an "edge" to Cena's character could recreate the popularity of [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]], who often behaved like a [[tweener (professional wrestling)|tweener]] but was extremely popular nonetheless. Despite opposition to the idea from the remainder of the creative team, all of whom felt that this would confuse the fans, Hayes went to [[Vince McMahon]] and convinced him to allow the [[angle (professional wrestling)|storyline]] to go forward. After the live crowd reacted badly to the storyline, it was cut from the SmackDown! broadcast.

==Profile==
*Height: 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
*Weight: 270 lb (122 kg)
*Birthday: [[March 29]], [[1959]]
*Hometown: [[Marietta, Georgia]]
*Billed From: Badstreet, USA
*Trainer: [[Afa Anoia]]
*[[manager (professional wrestling)|Managers]]: [[Valerie French|Sunshine]], [[Oliver Humperdink]], [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]], [[Hiro Matsuda]], [[Rocky King|Little Richard Marley]], [[Page Falkenberg|Diamond Dallas Page]]
*Other [[gimmick (professional wrestling)|Gimmicks]]: Dok Hendrix, Screaming Eagle
===Finishing and signature moves===
*[[Professional wrestling throws#DDT|DDT]]
*[[Professional wrestling throws#Front Facelock Drop|Front Facelock Drop]]

==Championships and accomplishments==
====[[World Championship Wrestling]]====
*1-Time [[WCW World Tag Team Championship|WCW World Tag Team Champion]] (with [[Jimmy Garvin]])
*2-Time [[WCW United States Tag Team Championship|WCW United States Tag Team Champion]] (with Jimmy Garvin)
*1-Time [[WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Championship|WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Champion]] (with Jimmy Garvin & [[Brad Armstrong|Badstreet]])
====[[National Wrestling Alliance]]====
*1-Time [[WWE United States Championship|NWA United States Heavyweight Champion]]
*1-Time [[NWA World Tag Team Championship|NWA World Tag Team Champion]] (with Jimmy Garvin)
*4-Time [[NWA National Tag Team Championship|NWA National Tag Team Champion]] (with [[Terry Gordy]] 3 times and [[Otis Sistrunk]] once)
*1-Time NWA Georgia Tag Team Champion (with Terry Gordy)
====[[All Japan Pro Wrestling]]====
*1-Time AJPW United National Champion
====[[World Class Championship Wrestling]]====
*2-Time [[WCWA Tag Team Championship|WCCW Tag Team Champion]] (with [[Steve Cox]])
*1-Time [[WCWA Tag Team Championship|WCCW American Tag Team Champion]] (with Terry Gordy)
*6-Time [[WCCW Six-Man Tag Team Championship|WCCW Six-Man Tag Team Champion]] (with Terry Gordy & Buddy Roberts 5 times and with [[Kerry Adkisson|Kerry]] & [[Kevin Adkisson|Kevin Von Erich]] once)
====[[Indy (professional wrestling)|Other Titles]]====
*1-Time PPW Heavyweight Champion
*1-Time [[UWF Tag Team Championship|Mid-South Tag Team Champion]] (with Terry Gordy)
*2-Time Mid-American Tag Team Champion (with Terry Gordy)
====[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]====
PWI ranked him # '''71''' of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003. He was also ranked # '''3''' of the best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with [[Terry Gordy]].
*Hayes won the PWI Tag Team of the Year Award in 1981 with Terry Gordy and Buddy Roberts.

==External links==
* [http://wccw2001.tripod.com/id13.html Fan page]

[[Category:American professional wrestlers|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:1959 births|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state)|Hayes, Michael]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling announcers|Hayes, Michael]]

Benutzer Diskussion:Koethnig

2004-03-31T13:21:19Z

64.12.117.14:

wer mir was zu sagen hat, schreibts hier rein... :-)

----

Mir ist gerade am Artikel [[Binärbaum]] aufgefallen, dass aufgrund der umfassenden Artikel im Gebiet [[Graphentheorie]] oft mit verschiedenen Begriffen auf die selben Seiten verwiesen wird:

*...'''Baum'''...=> [[Wälder und Bäume in der Graphentheorie]]
*...bei dem jeder '''Knoten'''... => [[Graph (Graphentheorie)]]
*vom '''Grad'''... => [[Graph (Graphentheorie)]]
*...ist er ein '''Blatt''' => [[Wälder und Bäume in der Graphentheorie]]

Wäre es nicht besser, unter jedem Begriff einen Eigenen Artikel abzulegen, in dem eine kurze Definition des Einzelbegriffes steht, und der dann auf den übergeordneten Artikel verweist (nicht des Gesamtartikels, sondern zusätzlich)? Bsp:

:Ein '''Blatt''' ist in der [[Graphentheorie]] ein [[Knoten (Graphentheorie)|Knoten]], in einem [[Baum (Graphentheorie)|Baum]], der mit nur einem Nachbarn verbunden ist, d.h. der vom [[Grad (Graphentheorie)|Grad]] 1 ist. Näheres siehe [[Wälder und Bäume in der Graphentheorie]]

Natürlich gibt es wichtigere Probleme, aber mich würde mal deine Meinung interessieren. -- [[Benutzer:JakobVoss|JakobVoss]] 22:13, 18. Feb 2003 (CET)

::Ja, das hatte ich auch so vorgesehen (siehe [[Liste graphentheoretischer Artikel]]), nur kann ich auch nicht 100 Artikel so schnell schreiben und die Hauptartikel sind meiner Meinung nach wichtiger. Wenn Du mir die Arbeit abnehmen willst, gerne. Die Definitionen sollten aber nicht im Hauptartikel gelöscht werden! --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 22:23, 18. Feb 2003 (CET)

----
Hallo Coma,

ich habe dem Artikel [[Flüsse und Schnitte in Netzwerken]] eine Definition des Begriffs Restnetzwerk spendiert.
Ist noch nicht super-elegant, kannst Du es Dir mal anschauen?

Außerdem habe ich im [[Stichwortverzeichnis Graphentheorie]] ein paar Begriffe eingefügt, ich hoffe, dass es Dir so recht ist.

Ich finde Deine Bemühungen um das Thema "Graphentheorie" übrigens wirklich bewundernswert, die Wikipedia kann ruhig mehr Leute wie Dich vertragen.

Viele Grüße, --[[Benutzer:Zenogantner|zeno]] 22:18, 13. Feb 2004 (CET)

::Vielen Dank für die Blumen :-) Ich habe im Stichwortverzeichnis einiges auskommentiert, weil ich mir das nicht so vorgestellt habe. Übersichtsartikel sollten da nicht rein. Das mit dem Restnetzwerk scheint auf den ersten Blick richtig zu sein. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 18:31, 14. Feb 2004 (CET)

----
Unter [[Formale Grammatik]] ist doch klar ersichtlich, was das 5-Tupel-Grammatik bedeutet. Ein Klick hätte genügt. Wer sich zu Chomsky-Hierarchie vorgearbeitet hat, sollte wissen, was eine formale Grammatik ist. [[Benutzer:Stern|Stern]] 23:32, 17. Feb 2004 (CET)

:Ich habe nun <math>N</math>, <math>\Sigma</math>, <math>P</math> und <math>S</math> einzeln erklärt und deutlicher auf [[formale Grammatik]] hingewiesen. Das sollte jetzt also selbst der unkundigste Leser verstehen :-) [[Benutzer:Stern|Stern]]

::Man will aber nicht unbedingt erst formale Grammatik lesen müssen, nur damit die Chomsky Hierarchie versteht. Auch wenn unsere Artikel unsinnigerweise in einer Datenbank abgelegt werden, wo es eigentlich primär darum geht Redundanz zu vermeiden, ist es innerhalb unsererer Artikel durchaus erlaubt. Die Links erlauben weitergehende Informationen, aber sollten nicht dazu missbraucht werden die eigene Faulheit beim Schreiben zu rechtfertigen. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 10:38, 18. Feb 2004 (CET)

:::Ich habe ja ausschließlich neue Informationen hinzugefügt und diese nun auch erklärt. Meine Infos sind also Mehrwert und nicht weniger wert :-) Im nach wie vor vorhandenen Text wird ja alles zusätzlich erklärt. Ich habe ja nix gelöscht. [[Benutzer:Stern|Stern]]

Da Du Dich offensichtlich mit TI näher auseinandergesetzt hast, brauche ich nun mal Deine Hilfe. Ich habe unter [[Diskussion:Kellerautomat]] die Frage aufgeworfen, ob es wirklich üblich ist, einen Kellerautomaten als 7-Tupel zu definieren. Wäre toll, wenn Du mal in Deinen Unterlagen nachschlagen könntest, wie es dort definiert ist. Ich kenne Kellerautomaten immer nur als 6-Tupel. Kannst ja, am besten dort auf der Diskussionsseite, mal was dazu rauslassen. Ich würde den Artikel nämlich ganz gerne entsprechend abändern, falls die 7-Tupel-Definition unüblicher ist. [[Benutzer:Stern|Stern]] 18:54, 20. Feb 2004 (CET)

:Ich habe meine Unterlagen derzeit leider nicht. Aber ob es ein 7-Tupel oder 6-Tupel ist, ist reichlich wurscht. Vermutlich sind sogar beide Varianten verbreitet. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 19:47, 2. Mär 2004 (CET)

==Übersetzungen==
Hallo Coma. Habe gerade gesehen, dass Du aus dem Englischen übersetzt. Nur vorsorglich: würde mich freuen, wenn Du Dir [[Wikipedia:Beteiligen#Vorsicht_beim_Übersetzen_aus_anderen_Sprachen!]] ansehen könntest, was nicht heißen soll, dass Deine Übersetzung nicht fachmännisch ist. [[Benutzer:Stern|Stern]] 13:06, 12. Mär 2004 (CET)

:Das kommt auf das Fach an :-), die Liste der Sprachen kann wohl aber keiner vollständig übersetzen, darum fang ich damit an und den Rest, den macht wer kann (hui, was für ein Reim). :-))) --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 13:21, 12. Mär 2004 (CET)

==DDR==
Hallo

bevor ich jetzt gleich [[DDR]] sperre, um ein seltames wiki (unter Links: meine notizen) draussen zu halten, ersuche ich dich um deine Meinung auf der dortigen Seite.--[[Benutzer:Nerd|'~']] 23:14, 14. Mär 2004 (CET)

:Was genau ist das Problem? Die Versionsgeschichte zeigt mir, dass es einen Revert-Krieg um dieses DDR-Wiki gibt. Wer ist dran beteiligt? Wer löscht bzw. fügt wieder ein. Gibt/Gab es Kommunikation zwischen den Leuten? --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 23:19, 14. Mär 2004 (CET)

::iCh kann dir nur meine Meinung sagen, das wiki ist weder als Wiki IMHO sehr lebendig, noch vollständig noch hintergründig, die Befürworter für das wiki kann ich nicht auseinander halten, vielleicht dieselben Personen vielleicht auch nicht, vor kurzem ist noch der-demokrat.de -link dazugekommen *hüstel* . Ich lasse das alles mal als "offene Wunde stehen", obwohl es mir nicht taugt--[[Benutzer:Nerd|'~']]

:::Also falls es keine Kommunikation gab, kann man ja kurz sperren und die Leute zwingen, das erstmal auszudiskutieren. Die Sperrung sollte aber nicht lange sein. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 23:44, 14. Mär 2004 (CET)

==Island==

Hallo, an Bildern könnte ich z.B. welche zu Snaefellsnes brauchen (Snaefellsjökull), auch zu den anderen Gletschern wie Hofsjökull, Langjökull, Ok. Auch Bilder zu den Vulkanen Hekla, Krafla, oder zum My´rdalsjökull wären prima. Danke.

[[Benutzer:Reykholt|Reykholt]] 14:32, 16. Mär 2004 (CET)

:Von den Gletchern habe ich kaum welche. Wir waren nur mal dicht dran, sieht aber mehr aus wie Dreck :-(. Zum Krafla hab ich glaube was, muss ich aber erstmal nachschauen. Momentan fehlt mir aber leider die Zeit mich darum zu kümmern. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 19:48, 16. Mär 2004 (CET)

==Alternative 8==
Hallo Coma,
es ist nicht so gut, wenn zum Testen Artikel angelegt werden. Reicht [[Wikipedia:Design der Hauptseite/Alternative 8]] dafür nicht aus? --[[Benutzer:Hhdw|Hhdw]] 11:16, 24. Mär 2004 (CET)
:Ich hab doch gesagt, dass ich das zu Testzwecken machen wollte und dann wieder lösche! Das Problem im Wikipedia-Namensraum ist der andere Hintergrund und da kann sowas dann auch ganz anders wirken. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 14:25, 24. Mär 2004 (CET)

===DCMU===
hallo Coma
dieser gelöschte Artikel war nicht von mir, ich habe ihn sogar erst durch die Löschnachricht entdeckt. Ich konnte lesen:
''Alter Inhalt: '3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYL-UREAPhotosynthesegift, welches die Elektronenübertragung von QA nach QB (Elektronenakzeptoren im Reaktionszentru...')''
Das war also offensichtlich ein biochemischer Artikel, der eine bekannte und auch von Photosyntheseforschern gern benutzte Chemikale beschreiben sollte. Ich nehms jedenfalls mal an, weil er war ja gelöscht, ich konnt ihn nicht mehr lesen. Das hätte ich aber gerne, weil ich vor Jahr und Tag auch mal damit gearbeitet habe. Vielleicht wär ja wenigstens ein aufschlußreicher Link drin gewesen. Und wenn ich so gucke, was für kurzlebigste Computer- und Technikdetails hier so auftauchen, dann wundere ich mich schon, das der Artikel gelöscht wurde. [[Benutzer:Sadduk|Sadduk]] 01:18, 27. Mär 2004 (CET)

:Nee, da war kar kein Link und auch sonst nichts drin. Es war auch nicht erklärt, was DCMU (abkürzung?) oder so heißt, wenn du dich damit auskennst und den inhalt wikif. bzw. nen ordentlichen artikel draus machen kannst, stelle ich ihn aber auch wieder her. --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 01:24, 27. Mär 2004 (CET)

:ich bin aus dem Thema schon länger draußen - aber vielleicht hätte ja jemand anderes das Thema aufgegriffen und den Artikel verbessert. Das breitere Thema ist die Umwandlung von Lichtenergie in chemische Energie, was die Pflanzen ja so locker machen, aber keiner weiß genau, wie sie es machen. Wenn man das nachbauen könnte...Vor ein paar Jahren hat es für die Strukturaufklärung dieses Reaktionszentrums, das in dem Artikel auftaucht, einen Nobelpreis gegeben (ein Prof. Michel, Biophysik Frankfurt, wenn ich mich recht entsinne). In dem Zusammenhang ist die Chemikale DCMU imho interessant, aber wie gesagt, mein Wissen ist da schon zu alt.

::Da stand was von einem Gift, ich stells mal wieder rein und du schaust es dir an... --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 02:00, 27. Mär 2004 (CET)

== SQL ==

'nabend Coma,
hast du eine Ahnung wann ihr wieder SQL-Abfragen machen könnt? Gruß [[Benutzer:Peterlustig|Peterlustig]] 02:53, 27. Mär 2004 (CET)
:Nöö, aber besser nie, weil einige admins können das nicht und selbst geübte machen mal fehler, was dann regelmäßig zu nem totalaufall führt...

== Portal ==
Hallo Coma,

das "Du" auf dem Portal habe ich verbrochen. Ist das nicht korrekt? Habe ich bei der Rechtschreibreform geschlafen? Mein Kenntnisstand: ''Anrede gross schreiben''.

Sorry wenn Du (du?) darüber verärgert bist. Es war selbstredend nicht meine Absicht Dich (dich?) zu ärgern. Sollich das wieder rückgängig machen?

Es grüßt D(d)ich [[Benutzer:Tsor|tsor]] 16:17, 27. Mär 2004 (CET)

:Soweit mir bekannt, wird nur noch die Höflichkeitsform "Sie" groß geschrieben. Ich bin aber auch kein Experte und neige dazu of ein großes D zu schreiben statt einem kleinen. Also ich ändere dass dann mal selber. Das Problem warst du ja nicht alleine, sondern gleich drei Änderungen die in meinen Augen nur verschlimmbessert haben... mfg --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 16:50, 27. Mär 2004 (CET)

:: Nach der Rechtschreibreform ist zwar das 'Sie', nicht aber das 'Du' übrig geblieben. [[Benutzer:Mikue|Mikue]] 13:27, 29. Mär 2004 (CEST)

== Farben ==
Hallo Coma, deine Artikel [[Farbe einer Kante]] und [[Farbe eines Knotens]] enthalten keine Informationen, die nicht auch in deinem Artikel [[Farbe (Graphentheorie)]] enthalten wären. Kann man aus ersteren nicht Redirects machen? Grüße von [[Benutzer:Mikue|Mikue]] 13:26, 29. Mär 2004 (CEST)
:Nee wäre ungünstig, weil man da längerfristig noch mehr zu den Unterartikeln schreiben kann, was in "Farbe (Graphentheorie)" nicht unbedingt zusammen erwähnt werden sollte. Außerdem hat es Konsistenzgründe... --[[Benutzer:Coma|Coma]] 14:24, 29. Mär 2004 (CEST)

hallo Coma,
ich möchte mich entschuldigen, dass ich Dir aus Unkenntnis so viel Arbeit auf der Seite Zeitungen bereitet habe. Gelobe Besserung!
uk