Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Wikipedia:Fragen von Neulingen/Alt05

2011-09-08T17:27:31Z

63.3.0.1: Neuer Abschnitt /* Wilhelm gegen Wilhelm */

Hubi, der Pinguin

2011-05-07T16:41:35Z

63.3.0.1: /* Reception */

{{Infobox film
|name = The Pebble and the Penguin
|image = PEBBLE.JPG
|caption = Family Fun Edition DVD
|director = [[Don Bluth]] [[Gary Goldman]]
|producer = Don Bluth
|writer = Rachel Koretsky Steven Whitestone
|narrator = [[Shani Wallis]]
|starring = [[Martin Short]] [[James Belushi|Jim Belushi]] [[Tim Curry]] [[Annie Golden]] [[S. Scott Bullock]]
|music = '''Songs:''' {{nowrap|[[Barry Manilow]]}} Bruce Sussman {{small|(lyrics)}} '''Score:''' Mark Watters
|distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (USA) [[Warner Bros. Family Entertainment]] (non-USA/International) [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]] (International/DVD)
|released = April 11, 1995
|runtime = 74 minutes
|language = English
|budget = $28 million
|gross = $3.983 million<ref name="Boxofficemojo">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pebbleandthepenguin.htm |title=The Pebble and the Penguin (1995) |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>
}}
'''''The Pebble and the Penguin''''' is a 1995 [[animation|animated]] [[musical film]], based on the true life [[mating]] rituals of the [[Adelie Penguins]] in [[Antarctica]], produced and directed by [[Don Bluth]] and [[Gary Goldman]]. The film was released to theatres on April 11, 1995 by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] in the United States and internationally by [[Warner Bros. Family Entertainment]]. The film features the voices of [[Martin Short]], [[James Belushi|Jim Belushi]], [[Tim Curry]] and [[Annie Golden]]. The film mainly revolves around four characters: Hubie, Rocko, Drake, and Marina.

==Plot==
Hubie (voiced by [[Martin Short]]), a shy, gullible but kindhearted [[penguin]], is in love with the beautiful and kind Marina ([[Annie Golden]]), but lacks self-confidence leading him to be bullied by the much more impressive, but vain and cruel Drake ([[Tim Curry]]). Drake also wants Marina, but clearly out of [[lust]]. One night, Hubie and Marina share a song under the moonlight and their feelings are confirmed for each other. Hubie, however, is luckless in finding a perfect pebble to propose to Marina with and wishes on a star to make his dream come true. An emerald falls from the sky next to Hubie. Ecstatic, Hubie rushes to find Marina when Drake tries to steal it and knocks him off the ice, and Hubie is swept away and nearly killed by a [[Leopard Seal]].

Hubie is picked up and caged by a ship, which is transporting penguins to a zoo. The unfortunate penguins on the ship sing of the misery awaiting them. Hubie meets the streetwise Rocko ([[James Belushi|Jim Belushi]]), whose only wishes are to live in sunny climates and learn to fly. After seeing Drake warning Marina of the full moon where she must choose a mate or be banished in a dream/vision, Hubie decides to escape. Together, Hubie and Rocko flee, and while lying low in a beach, Hubie convinces Rocko to help him return to Antarctica. They have a short fight (because Hubie had angered Rocko by lying to him) and later run into the hungry and persistent leopard seal (second time for Hubie). They escape the seal, as Rocko had commented Hubie as "amazing", and both sing to the beginning of their friendship (although Rocko feels hesitant towards it).

When Rocko starts to teach Hubie how to fight, they run in to their worst aquatic enemy: the [[Killer Whale]]. While trying reaching the home ice, Rocko tries to head-off the orcas while Hubie tries to approach the nearest iceberg, having to lose his pebble and Rocko in the process. After the chase, he must face his worst enemy, who has captured his love. Hubie gets knocked out, but gains confidence, and he stands and fights Drake once again. Hubie has the upper hand on the second go-round, and with a skillful kick, he sends Drake plummeting to his supposed demise. In surprise, Rocko reappears unharmed to Hubie and Marina, but not before Hubie proposes to Marina, who accepts. Before Hubie can introduce his friend to Marina, Drake reappears. He throws a large boulder (with Marina on top of it) towards Hubie and Rocko, but it is Drake who meets his demise, by being crushed to death by the entire tower. Rocko saves the couple in danger, and finally gains his ability to fly. Rocko, having found Hubie's pebble, gives it back to him and it is presented to Marina, who loves it, but then states that she loves Hubie more. In the end, Rocko teaches Marina and Hubie's children to fly.

==Cast and characters==
* [[Martin Short]] as Hubie, a shy, good-hearted [[adelie penguin]] and the [[protagonist]] of the film. He forms a bond with Marina after showing her who he really is and she sees the real him. After he is thrown over the cliff by Drake, he must find his way home and win Marina over before Drake does.
* [[James Belushi|Jim Belushi]] as Rocko, a streetwise [[Northern Rockhopper Penguin]] who befriends Hubie and helps him win Marina on the way back to [[Antarctica]]. He is the [[deuteragonist]].
* [[Tim Curry]] as Drake, a hunky, vain, dark-hearted penguin and the film's [[antagonist]]. He loathes Hubie and stops at nothing to win and tries to steal Marina from Hubie and continually bullies Hubie. He meets his end when, after trying to crush Hubie with a milestone, he accidentally causes the stadium to fall apart and collapse on top of him.
* [[Annie Golden]] as Marina, a beautiful female penguin who is Hubie's love interest and Rocko's friend as well as the object of Drake's lustful desires.
* [[Shani Wallis]] as the [[Narrator]]

==Soundtrack==
{{main|The Pebble and the Penguin (soundtrack)}}

The songs were written by [[Barry Manilow]], who previously wrote the songs for ''[[Thumbelina (1994 film)|Thumbelina]]'', along with [[Bruce Sussman]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114108/soundtrack |title= Pebble and the Penguin soundtrack |publisher=[[IMDB]] |accessdate=September 12, 2008}}</ref> The film's score was composed by Mark Watters.

*'''"Now and Forever"''' (Hubie, Marina, Company)
*'''"Sometimes I Wonder"''' (Hubie)
*'''"The Good Ship Misery"''' (Company)
*'''"Don't Make Me Laugh" ''' (Drake)
*'''"Sometimes I Wonder - (Reprise)"''' (Marina)
*'''"Looks Like I Got Me a Friend"''' (Hubie and Rocko)
*'''"Now and Forever (Reprise)"''' (Company)
*'''"Now and Forever (End Credits)"''' ([[Barry Manilow]] and [[Sheena Easton]])

==Reception==
[[Rotten Tomatoes]] reported 11% of critics gave negative reviews based on eight reviews with an average score of 3/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pebble_and_the_penguin/ |title=The Pebble and the Penguin Movie Reviews, Pictures |publisher=IGN Entertainment |work=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> The film was given a Two Thumbs Down on ''[[At the Movies (U.S. TV series)|Siskel & Ebert]]''.<ref name="Siskel & Ebert">{{cite web|url=http://bventertainment.go.com/tv/buenavista/atm/reviews.html?sec=6&subsec=The+Pebble+and+the+Penguin+ |title=The Pebble and the Penguin Movie Review |author=Siskel, Gene and Roger Ebert |date=April 1995 |publisher=''[[Disney-ABC Domestic Television]]'' |accessdate=2010-08-28}}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]] noted that the film's animation looks "cheap and unfinished" and "that none of the songs are memorable" while [[Roger Ebert]] added his dislike of the film's [[color code|color coding]] of its heroes and villains.<ref name="Siskel & Ebert" />

The film grossed $3.983 million,<ref name="Boxofficemojo" /> only 14.2% of its $28 million budget.

==Home video==
The film first was released on [[VHS]] and [[laserdisc]] on August 15, 1995. It was first released on [[DVD]] in 1999. A new [[Fox Family Fun|Family Fun Edition]] was released in the United States and Canada on March 27, 2007 by [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]. [[Gary Goldman]] supervised the restoration for the "Family Fun Edition", which features color corrections and refielded scenes to add missing effects and correct other errors from the first release. In 2007 The Fun Edition was nominated for the [[Satellite Award]] for Best Youth DVD.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{amg movie|134628}}
* {{imdb title|0114108}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|pebble_and_the_penguin}}
* {{mojo title|pebble_and_the_penguin}}

{{Don Bluth}}
{{Gary Goldman}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pebble And The Penguin, The}}
[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:American animated films]]
[[Category:Animated features released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
[[Category:Fictional penguins]]
[[Category:Films directed by Don Bluth]]
[[Category:Films about penguins]]
[[Category:Films featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:MGM films]]

[[cy:The Pebble and the Penguin]]
[[fr:Youbi, le petit pingouin]]
[[it:Hubie all'inseguimento della pietra verde]]
[[pl:Zakochany pingwin]]
[[ru:Камешек и пингвин (мультфильм)]]

Natalia Tena

2010-07-05T17:21:05Z

63.3.0.1:

[[Datei:Natalia Tena.jpg|thumb|Natalia Tena, 2008]]

'''Natalia „Nat“ Gastiain Tena''' (* [[1. November]] [[1984]] in [[London]]) ist eine [[Vereinigtes Königreich|britische]] [[Schauspieler]]in.

== Leben ==
Natalia Tenas Eltern, Jesus Tena und Maria Gastiain stammen aus [[Spanien]], sie selbst kam in London zur Welt.<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=http://www.flixster.com/actor/natalia-tena |titel=Natalia Tena |werk=flixster.com |zugriff=12. November 2009}}</ref> Natalia wuchs in [[Petersfield (Hampshire)|Petersfield]], [[Hampshire]] auf und besuchte die [[Bedales School]]. Ihre Muttersprache ist [[Spanische Sprache|Spanisch]], daneben spricht sie fließend [[Englische Sprache|Englisch]].<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=http://www.tv.com/natalia-tena/person/509872/summary.html |titel=Natalia Tena |werk=tv.com |zugriff=12. November 2009}}</ref>

In ihrer Freizeit spielt sie mit ihrer Band ''Molotov Jukebox'' in verschiedenen britischen Clubs. Dafür möchte sie in Zukunft laut eigener Aussage mehr Zeit aufwenden und die Schauspielerei einschränken. <ref> {{Internetquelle |url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/leisure/theatre/4141675.Crazy_Latina/ |titel=Crazy Latina |werk= Oxford Mail |zugriff=12. November 2009}}</ref>

== Karriere ==
=== Film ===
2002, im Alter von 18 Jahren gab Natalia Tena ihr Schauspieldebüt. Sie stand für die Regisseure [[Chris Weitz|Chris]] und [[Paul Weitz (Filmregisseur)|Paul Weitz]] zusammen mit [[Hugh Grant]] vor der Kamera und spielte die ''Ellie'' in dem Film ''[[About a Boy oder: Der Tag der toten Ente]]''.
Weitere Rollen in Filmen folgten. 2005 spielte Tena in der mehrfach für den Oscar nominierten Komödie ''[[Lady Henderson präsentiert]]'' die Revuetänzerin ''Peggy'' an der Seite von [[Judi Dench]] und [[Bob Hoskins]].

Größere internationale Bekanntheit erlangte Natalia Tena durch die Rolle der [[Auror]]in [[Nymphadora Tonks]] die sie 2007 zum ersten Mal in [[Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix (Film)|Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix]] verkörperte.

In [[Deutschland]] wird die Schauspielerin vorwiegend von [[Kathrin Gaube]] [[Synchronisation (Film)|synchronisiert]]. In dem Film ''About a Boy'' übernahm diese Tätigkeit noch [[Uschi Hugo]].

=== Theater ===
Neben ihrer Arbeit als Filmschauspielerin spielt Natalia Tena auch am Theater. 2004 gab sie ihr Bühnendebüt in dem Stück ''Gone to Earth'' am [[Bristol Old Vic]]. <ref>{{Internetquelle |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/gonetoearth-rev.htm |titel=Reviews - Gone to Earth |werk=The British Theatre Guide |zugriff=12. November 2009}}</ref> In der Spielzeit 2009 ist sie als [[Othello]]'s Ehefrau ''Desdemona'' in dem Klassiker von [[William Shakespeare]] zu sehen.

== Filmografie ==
* 2002: [[About a Boy oder: Der Tag der toten Ente]] ''(About a Boy)''
* 2005: [[Doctors - Boundaries]] ''(Doctors - Boundaries)''
* 2005: [[The fine Art of Love]] ''(The fine Art of Love)''
* 2005: [[Lady Henderson präsentiert]] ''(Mrs. Henderson Presents)''
* 2006: [[Afterlife - Mirrorball]] ''(Afterlife - Mirrorball)''
* 2007: [[Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix (Film)|Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix]] ''(Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix)''
* 2007: [[The 11th Commandment]] ''(The 11th Commandment)''
* 2008: [[Level 21]] ''(Level 21)''
* 2009: [[Harry Potter und der Halbblutprinz (Film)|Harry Potter und der Halbblutprinz]] ''(Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)''
* 2009: [[Womb]] ''(Womb)''

== Theaterrollen ==
* 2004: ''Gone to Earth'' als Hazel Woodus
* 2004: ''Brontë'' als Cathy/Bertha Mason
* 2005: [[Sitting Pretty ]]Natalia Tena als Zelda
* 2006: ''Nights at the Circus'' als Fewers
* 2008: ''The Clean House'' als Matilde
* 2009: [[Othello]] als Desdemona

== Weblinks ==
{{commonscat|Natalia Tena}}
* {{IMDb Name|1164730}}
* [http://natalia-tena.net/ Natalia-Tena-Fanseite] (englisch)
* [http://nataliatena.net/ Natalia-Tena-Fanseite] (englisch)

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tena, Natalia}}
[[Kategorie:Frau]]
[[Kategorie:Brite]]
[[Kategorie:Schauspieler]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1984]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=Tena, Natalia
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=Tena, Nat Gastiain
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=englische Schauspielerin
|GEBURTSDATUM=1. November 1984
|GEBURTSORT=[[London]]
|STERBEDATUM=
|STERBEORT=
}}

[[bg:Наталия Тена]]
[[da:Natalia Tena]]
[[en:Natalia Tena]]
[[es:Natalia Tena]]
[[fi:Natalia Tena]]
[[fr:Natalia Tena]]
[[it:Natalia Tena]]
[[ja:ナタリア・テナ]]
[[nl:Natalia Tena]]
[[pl:Natalia Tena]]
[[pt:Natalia Tena]]
[[ru:Тена, Наталия]]
[[sv:Natalia Tena]]

Cambria Heights

2010-07-04T23:27:21Z

63.3.0.1: /* History */

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"
|+''Cambria Heights (Queens, New York)''
|-
|[[ZIP Code]]
|colspan="2"|11411
|-
|[[Population]] ([[United States Census, 2000|2000]]) [[Population density|Density]]
|colspan="2"| 21,282
|-
|valign="top"|[[Demographics]]
|width="65px"|[[Race (United States Census)|White]] Black Hispanic Asian Other
|width="120px"|2.9% 91.7% 4.1% 0.4% 1.1%
|-
|[[Median household income|Median income]]
|colspan="2"|$62,071
|-
|align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services
|}
'''Cambria Heights''' is a [[suburban]] neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Queens]]. It is bounded by [[Springfield Boulevard]] and [[Francis Lewis Boulevard]] to the west, the [[Elmont, New York|Elmont]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] border on the east, [[Queens Village]] to the north, [[St. Albans, Queens|St. Albans]] to the west, and Montefiore Cemetery and [[Laurelton, Queens|Laurelton]] and [[Rosedale, Queens|Rosedale]] to the south. As of 2007, Cambria Heights's population is 20,128.<ref>[http://www.bestplaces.net/zip-code/Cambria_Heights_NY-71141100000.aspx].</ref> The neighborhood is part of [[Queens Community Board 13]].<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/cb_queens.shtml Queens Community Boards Zip Code Overview], [[New York City]]. Accessed September 3, 2007.</ref>
==History==
The town derived its name from the Cambria Construction Company of [[Pennsylvania]], which began to develop the community in the late 1920s, and the fact that, at an elevation of 49 feet, it is one of the three highest points in the borough, together with [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]] and [[Richmond Hill, Queens|Richmond Hill]]. Its original population consisted primarily of [[Roman Catholics]] of [[Italy|Italian]], [[Germany|German]], and [[Ireland|Irish]] descent and [[Jew]]ish families relocating from [[Brooklyn]].

The present neighborhood has a large [[middle class]] [[Caribbean]] and [[African American]] population. The median home cost is [http://www.bestplaces.net/zip-code/Cambria_Heights_NY-71141100000.aspx $450,600.]

The Main public schools in Cambria Heights are Elementary Schools [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/29/Q176/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 176] and [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/29/Q147/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 147] (re-named for Astronaut Ronald McNair), and High School Campus Magnet, formerly known as [[King & Queen High School (Queens, New York)|King & Queen High School]]. The local Catholic parish is Sacred Heart, with a grammar school of that name.

In the vicinity of Cambria Heights are the neighborhoods of [[Laurelton, Queens|Laurelton]], [[Springfield Gardens, Queens|Springfield Gardens]], [[Rosedale, Queens|Rosedale]], and [[Hollis, Queens|Hollis]].

==Notable residents==
The following are the names of notable people who have at one time or another resided in Cambria Heights:
*[[Michael Bentt]] - Retired [[heavyweight]] [[boxing|boxer]] turned [[actor]] of [[Jamaica|Jamaican]] lineage.<ref>'Rocky Lives' by David E. Finger</ref>
*[[Bob Cousy]] - Basketball Hall of Famer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maxpreps.com/news/s6vRpaQxhkGX5goss-dOfA/top-10--new-york-citys-greatest-point-guards.htm |title=Top 10: New York City's Greatest Point Guards |first=Kevin |last=Askeland |work=MaxPreps.com |accessdate=2010-01-17}}</ref>
*[[Chick Corea]], a [[Miles Davis]] band veteran, played electric piano for Stan Getz.<ref>[http://www.cqha.net/docs/queensonmusicallists.htmQueens on Musical Lists]</ref>
*[[Jackie Robinson]], baseball player
*[[Lena Horne]], singer
*[[Henry Petroski]], whose 2002 book ''Paperboy: Confessions of a Future Engineer'' describes his teenage years in Cambria Heights.<ref>{{cite book |last = Petroski | first = Henry | authorlink = Henry Petroski | title = Paperboy: Confessions of a Future Engineer | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | date = 2002 | location = New York | isbn = 0375413537 }}</ref>
*[[Rick Pitino]] - Head basketball head coach at the University of Louisville.<ref>{{cite news | last = Vecsey | first = George | authorlink = George Vecsey | title = Rick Pitino: Reviving February | work = The New York Times | date = 1987-02-13 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/13/sports/sports-of-the-times-rick-pitino-reviving-february.html | accessdate = 2009-08-29}}</ref>
*[[The Shangri-Las]] - American pop girl group of the 1960s. <ref>[http://www.redbirdent.com/slas1.htm The Shangri-Las!]</ref>
*[[Maggie Van Ostrand]], writer
*[http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us:80/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.047d873163b300bc6c4451f401c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=nyc_photo_slide&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.nyc.ny.us%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2Fbios%2Fbio_om_dm_policy.html Dennis Walcott] - Deputy Mayor for Education and Community Development in administration of [[Michael Bloomberg]]; before that, President and CEO of [[National Urban League|New York Urban League]] [http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=33909996133]
*[[Mary Weiss]] - lead singer with [[The Shangri-Las]]. <ref name=norton>[http://www.nortonrecords.com/index2.html "Mary Weiss Interview", Norton Records, 2006.]</ref>
Richie Righteous- popular New Yorker gospel rapper currently resides here

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[List of Queens neighborhoods]]
*[[New York City]]

==External links==
*[http://www.hometownlocator.com/City/Cambria-Heights-New-York.cfm Town profile]
*[http://home2.nyc.gov/html/hpd/html/buyers/nychome-neighborhoods-queens-cambriaheights.shtml Town profile]
*[http://www.google.com/maps?q=Cambria+Heights,+NY,+USA&sa=X&oi=map&ct=title Google map]

{{Queens}}

{{coord missing|New York City}}

[[Category:Neighborhoods in Queens]]
[[Category:United States communities with African American majority populations]]

Cambria Heights

2010-07-04T23:26:11Z

63.3.0.1: /* History */

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"
|+''Cambria Heights (Queens, New York)''
|-
|[[ZIP Code]]
|colspan="2"|11411
|-
|[[Population]] ([[United States Census, 2000|2000]]) [[Population density|Density]]
|colspan="2"| 21,282
|-
|valign="top"|[[Demographics]]
|width="65px"|[[Race (United States Census)|White]] Black Hispanic Asian Other
|width="120px"|2.9% 91.7% 4.1% 0.4% 1.1%
|-
|[[Median household income|Median income]]
|colspan="2"|$62,071
|-
|align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services
|}
'''Cambria Heights''' is a [[suburban]] neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Queens]]. It is bounded by [[Springfield Boulevard]] and [[Francis Lewis Boulevard]] to the west, the [[Elmont, New York|Elmont]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] border on the east, [[Queens Village]] to the north, [[St. Albans, Queens|St. Albans]] to the west, and Montefiore Cemetery and [[Laurelton, Queens|Laurelton]] and [[Rosedale, Queens|Rosedale]] to the south. As of 2007, Cambria Heights's population is 20,128.<ref>[http://www.bestplaces.net/zip-code/Cambria_Heights_NY-71141100000.aspx].</ref> The neighborhood is part of [[Queens Community Board 13]].<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/cb_queens.shtml Queens Community Boards Zip Code Overview], [[New York City]]. Accessed September 3, 2007.</ref>
==History==
The town derived its name from the Cambria Construction Company of [[Pennsylvania]], which began to develop the community in the late 1920s, and the fact that, at an elevation of 49 feet, it is one of the three highest points in the borough, together with [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]] and [[Richmond Hill, Queens|Richmond Hill]]. Its original population consisted primarily of [[Roman Catholics]] of [[Italy|Italian]], [[Germany|German]], and [[Ireland|Irish]] descent and [[Jew]]ish families relocating from [[Brooklyn]].

The present neighborhood has a large [[middle class]] [[Caribbean]] and [[African American]] population. The median home cost is [http://www.bestplaces.net/zip-code/Cambria_Heights_NY-71141100000.aspx $450,600.]

The Main public schools in Cambria Heights are Elementary Schools [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/29/Q176/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 176] and [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/29/Q147/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 147] (re-named for Astronaut Ronald McNair), and High School Campus Magnet, formerly known as [[King & Queen High School (Queens, New York)|Andrew Jackson High School]]. The local Catholic parish is Sacred Heart, with a grammar school of that name.

In the vicinity of Cambria Heights are the neighborhoods of [[Laurelton, Queens|Laurelton]], [[Springfield Gardens, Queens|Springfield Gardens]], [[Rosedale, Queens|Rosedale]], and [[Hollis, Queens|Hollis]].

==Notable residents==
The following are the names of notable people who have at one time or another resided in Cambria Heights:
*[[Michael Bentt]] - Retired [[heavyweight]] [[boxing|boxer]] turned [[actor]] of [[Jamaica|Jamaican]] lineage.<ref>'Rocky Lives' by David E. Finger</ref>
*[[Bob Cousy]] - Basketball Hall of Famer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maxpreps.com/news/s6vRpaQxhkGX5goss-dOfA/top-10--new-york-citys-greatest-point-guards.htm |title=Top 10: New York City's Greatest Point Guards |first=Kevin |last=Askeland |work=MaxPreps.com |accessdate=2010-01-17}}</ref>
*[[Chick Corea]], a [[Miles Davis]] band veteran, played electric piano for Stan Getz.<ref>[http://www.cqha.net/docs/queensonmusicallists.htmQueens on Musical Lists]</ref>
*[[Jackie Robinson]], baseball player
*[[Lena Horne]], singer
*[[Henry Petroski]], whose 2002 book ''Paperboy: Confessions of a Future Engineer'' describes his teenage years in Cambria Heights.<ref>{{cite book |last = Petroski | first = Henry | authorlink = Henry Petroski | title = Paperboy: Confessions of a Future Engineer | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | date = 2002 | location = New York | isbn = 0375413537 }}</ref>
*[[Rick Pitino]] - Head basketball head coach at the University of Louisville.<ref>{{cite news | last = Vecsey | first = George | authorlink = George Vecsey | title = Rick Pitino: Reviving February | work = The New York Times | date = 1987-02-13 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/13/sports/sports-of-the-times-rick-pitino-reviving-february.html | accessdate = 2009-08-29}}</ref>
*[[The Shangri-Las]] - American pop girl group of the 1960s. <ref>[http://www.redbirdent.com/slas1.htm The Shangri-Las!]</ref>
*[[Maggie Van Ostrand]], writer
*[http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us:80/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.047d873163b300bc6c4451f401c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=nyc_photo_slide&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.nyc.ny.us%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2Fbios%2Fbio_om_dm_policy.html Dennis Walcott] - Deputy Mayor for Education and Community Development in administration of [[Michael Bloomberg]]; before that, President and CEO of [[National Urban League|New York Urban League]] [http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=33909996133]
*[[Mary Weiss]] - lead singer with [[The Shangri-Las]]. <ref name=norton>[http://www.nortonrecords.com/index2.html "Mary Weiss Interview", Norton Records, 2006.]</ref>
Richie Righteous- popular New Yorker gospel rapper currently resides here

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[List of Queens neighborhoods]]
*[[New York City]]

==External links==
*[http://www.hometownlocator.com/City/Cambria-Heights-New-York.cfm Town profile]
*[http://home2.nyc.gov/html/hpd/html/buyers/nychome-neighborhoods-queens-cambriaheights.shtml Town profile]
*[http://www.google.com/maps?q=Cambria+Heights,+NY,+USA&sa=X&oi=map&ct=title Google map]

{{Queens}}

{{coord missing|New York City}}

[[Category:Neighborhoods in Queens]]
[[Category:United States communities with African American majority populations]]

Ozone Park

2010-07-04T21:10:43Z

63.3.0.1: /* Schools */

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"
|+''Ozone Park (Queens, New York)''
|-
|[[Population]] ([[United States Census, 2000|2000]]) [[Population density|Density]]
|colspan="2"|52,275
|-
|valign="top"|[[Demographics]]
|width="65px"|[[Race (United States Census)|White]] Black Hispanic Asian Other
|width="120px"|48.0% 5.3% 33.6% 13.9% 20.4%
|-
|[[Median household income|Median income]]
|colspan="2"|$41,291
|-
|align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services
|}
[[Image:OzonePark-Welcome-sign.JPG‎|thumb|right|200px|Ozone Park Welcome Sign.]]

'''Ozone Park''' is a middle class neighborhood located in the southwestern<ref name=map>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080822055143/http://www.queensbp.org/content_web/map_boundaries.htm |oldurl=http://www.queensbp.org/content_web/map_boundaries.htm |title=Map of Queens neighborhoods |accessdate=2009-10-16}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/neighbor/neighbor.pdf |title=NYC Community Boards |format=pdf |accessdate=2009-10-16}}
</ref>
section of the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Queens]] bordering [[Woodhaven, Queens|Woodhaven]], [[Richmond Hill, Queens|Richmond Hill]], [[South Ozone Park, Queens|South Ozone Park]], [[Howard Beach, Queens|Howard Beach]], and [[City Line, Brooklyn]].<ref name=map /> Different parts of the neighborhood are covered by [[Queens Community Board 9]] and [[Queens Community Board 10|10]].<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/cb_queens.shtml Queens Community Boards], [[New York City]]. Accessed September 3, 2007.</ref> It is served by the 11416 and 11417 [[zip codes]].

The northern border is [[Atlantic Avenue (New York City)|Atlantic Avenue]]; the southern border is [[Conduit Avenue|South Conduit Avenue]], and the eastern border is 108th Street. The western border is the county line with [[Brooklyn]] (mostly along Ruby and Drew Streets<ref>{{cite web |last=Liff |first=Bob |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/ny_local/1999/04/27/1999-04-27_where_city_drew_the_line___d.html |title=WHERE CITY DREW THE LINE DOUBLE LIVES THE NORM IN BORDER NABE |publisher=New York Daily News |date=April 27, 1999 |accessdate=2009-10-16}}</ref>). It is the home of the [[Aqueduct Racetrack]], a popular spot for [[thoroughbred racing]].

==History==
{{Refimprove|section|date=April 2010}}
{{Essay|section|date=April 2010}}
During the 1870s, an economic depression caused residents of New York City to look for better housing opportunities in the suburbs of Manhattan and Brooklyn where it would be cheaper. Two partners, Benjamin W. Hitchcock and Charles C. Denton, first began carving farmland into building lots. They were able to do this because of their wealth and substantial capital. Housing was first developed in the area after the [[Long Island Rail Road]] began service through the area in 1880 as part of its route from [[Long Island City, Queens|Long Island City]] to [[Howard Beach, Queens|Howard Beach]]. Ozone Park was created and settled in 1882. The name "Ozone Park" was chosen to "lure buyers with the idea of refreshing breezes blowing in from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to a park-like community." Ozone Park was considered the country to all those that lived in Manhattan.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Ozone Park was also a very serene place to have loved ones rest in peace, in what was termed the country.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E2DD163CF936A35753C1A9659C8B63&sec=&pagewanted=3 If You're Thinking of Living In/Ozone Park; Changing Faces, Enduring Values], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 5, 2003.</ref>
Before the turn of the 20th century, there was an attempt{{Who|date=April 2010}} to develop up to nine neighborhoods with the "park" title.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Ozone Park was the only one these neighborhoods that continues to exist mostly because of the daily service at the now-defunct [[Ozone Park (LIRR station)|Ozone Park station]] on the [[Long Island Railroad]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The name persisted because of the many commuters{{Who|date=April 2010}} who passed through the Ozone Park station and referred to it as an important landmark.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The railroad station was also responsible for the increasing development of the neighborhood because the access to the railroad allowed people to get into the city easily, increasing its popularity among families looking to move into a suburb.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

The final improvement to the local transit system was the elevated railroad line at Liberty Avenue in 1914. In addition to this railroad station came the nickel fare which was another major factor in the development of Ozone Park. The nickel fare gave residents the ability to travel anywhere along the railroad line for a set price of 5¢. This new fare was considered to be the "single most effective stimulus to home building"{{Cite quote|date=April 2010}} in the Ozone Park area because the real estate developers began buying up all the lots on either side of Liberty Avenue in hopes the new station would attract more people to want to live in Ozone Park.
[[File:Medisys Ozone Park jeh.JPG|thumb|Historic clock tower that was part of the Lalance & Grosjean [[Enamelware#Industrial_Porcelain_Enamel|porcelain enamelware]] factory on Atlantic Avnenue built during the 1860's that was mostly razed in the 1980s, now [[Adaptive reuse|"adaptivly reused"]] as a medical clinic at north end of Ozone Park or, alternately, the south end of [[Woodhaven, Queens|Woodhaven]]]]

Prior to 1922, [[Woodhaven Boulevard]] was the only important north-south street in town. Then officials decided to expand Woodhaven Boulevard all the way south to the Rockaways and finally opened to traffic in 1925. This made Ozone Park more accessible by both bus and car. Since cars were also becoming more popular at this time, the land became much more valuable leading to a construction boom in an attempt to fill any empty lot. Between the years of 1921 and 1930, Ozone Park saw a population increase of nearly 300% from 40,000 to 112,950 people.
With this extraordinary increase in population came the need for schools and sources of entertainment. In response to this demand came the construction of John Adams High School in 1930. This school was built came right as the construction boom slowed down and right before the Great Depression. John Adams High School is still open today. Furthermore, in 1925 the development of the Cross-Bay Movie Theatre gave residents the ability to go and see a show while also connecting with neighbors.

One infamous{{Why|date=April 2010}} area of Ozone Park is known as "the hole" which is a term that is used for areas of Ozone Park where houses are below grade{{Clarify|date=September 2009}}. In the 1930s the city of New York decided to install sewers and sewer lines in Ozone Park to stop the serious flooding that was a major problem. In order to install the sewers the houses had to be raised almost an entire floor. Owners were given a stipend to raise their homes but some chose not to raise them leaving them down under. The first floors of some homes subsequently became basements. This area was mostly on 75th, 76th, 77th and 78th streets, although there are still a few homes that are below grade that still have not been raised till this day.

==Demographics==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2009}}
Since its beginnings, Ozone Park has been largely populated by different groups of immigrants. [[German American|Germans]] and [[Irish American|Irish]] made up a large part of Ozone Park in the late 1800s, early 1900s. By 1910 the [[Italian American|Italians]], who were one of the largest ethnic groups in the neighborhood from 1915–1983, started to migrate into [[Ozone Park]] from East New York, Brooklyn. Most of the current Italians in the neighborhood are originally from Brooklyn. Fears of changing neighborhoods caused a stir amongst the Italians that caused them to move into Ozone Park, which at the time was mostly German's and Irish who had migrated themselves from neighboring [[East New York]]. [[Census]] from the early years show how Ozone Park was a sparsely lived in neighborhood because of the lack of transportation. By 1915 the [[Fulton Street Line]] opened, connecting Ozone Park with the rest of NYC, thus starting the enormous growth by the Italians. Ozone Park then formed many smaller neighborhoods within a neighborhood, trying for separate identities. The Tudor Village section, which is still known by this name, was located on the south bordered by Pitkin Ave and North Conduit Ave and from East to West Cross Bay Blvd and North Conduit Ave. Centerville, which also still uses this name, is bordered by Aqueduct, on the East, and Cross Bay Blvd on the West and North Conduit Ave on the South and Rockaway Blvd on the North. Liberty Heights, which is only known by the old timers, was bordered by Liberty Ave on the South and 101 Ave (Jerome Ave) on the North side and Woodhaven Blvd on the East and Drew Street on the West. Balsam Village, which is also known by the old timers, was named after the farm Balsam Farms after selling off parcels of land for development, is bordered by Liberty Ave on the North and 84 Street on the West and Crossbay Blvd on the East.

At the turn of the 21st century immigrants from Latin America, South Asia ([[Bangladesh]]), the West Indies and South America (Indo-Guyanese & Indo-Surinamese) have moved in, adding a diverse atmosphere to the neighborhood, which is especially apparent along 101st Avenue and Liberty Avenue near the neighborhood's border with Richmond Hill.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E2DD163CF936A35753C1A9659C8B63 Ozone Park: Changing faces - Article from NY Times]</ref> These new arrivals have made Ozone Park become one of the fastest-growing and ethnically diverse neighborhoods in New York City. Aside from these larger groups, there is a large [[Hispanic]] population in Ozone Park, mainly concentrated in the northern portion of the neighborhood near the [[Woodhaven, Queens|Woodhaven]] border, and an African-American minority, spread throughout the neighborhood.

Residents vary from working-class to middle-class families, who own or rent private homes on the neighborhood's tree-lined residential streets. There are pockets of wealthier areas in the southern part of the neighborhood close to the [[Belt Parkway]].

==Transportation==
There are many bus routes that run through Ozone Park. The [[Q7 (New York City bus)|Q7]] runs on Rockaway Boulevard, [[Q10 (New York City bus)|Q10]] and [[QM18 (New York City bus)|QM18]] run on Lefferts Boulevard, [[Q21 (New York City bus)|Q21]] and [[Q41 (New York City bus)|Q41]] run on [[Cross Bay Boulevard]], [[Q11 (New York City bus)|Q11]] up [[Woodhaven Boulevard]], [[Q112 (New York City bus)|Q112]] on Liberty Avenue, the [[Q8 (New York City bus)|Q8]] on 101st Avenue, and the [[Q24 (New York City bus)|Q24]] on [[Atlantic Avenue (New York City)|Atlantic Avenue]]. The Q53 also runs on [[Woodhaven Boulevard]] and Crossbay Boulevard.

The [[New York City Subway]]'s [[IND Fulton Street Line]] ({{NYCS Fulton east}}) runs along Liberty Avenue, and becomes [[elevated]] upon entering the neighborhood from Brooklyn. The station at [[Rockaway Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Boulevard]] is a major junction between trains heading towards the [[Ozone Park-Lefferts Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Ozone Park-Lefferts Boulevard]] station and trains heading to [[Far Rockaway-Mott Avenue (IND Rockaway Line)|Far Rockaway-Mott Avenue]], an often confusing or unknown detail for tourists on their way to JFK Airport on the latter line.

==Schools==
[[File:PS 63 Ozone Park jeh.JPG|thumb|P.S. 63]]
;'''Public Schools'''
*[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q063/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 63 Old South School]
*[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q064/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 64 Joseph P. Addabbo School]
*[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q065/default.htm?searchType=school P.S. 65 The Raymond York Elementary School]
*[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q137/default.htm?searchType=school Middle School 137 America's School-Heroes]
*[http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q202/default.htm?searchType=school Junior High School 202 R. H. Goddard]
* [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q210/default.htm?searchType=school Junior High School 210 Elizabeth Blackwell]
*[[John Adams High School (Jamaica/Ozone Park, NY)|John Adams High School]]
* Washington and Lee High School
;'''Private Schools'''
*St Elizabeth's RC Elementary
*St Mary Gate of Heaven RC Elementary
*Divine Mercy Catholic Academy (originally Nativity B.V.M. and St. Stanislaus Schools, which were combined renamed in 2007)
*Little Dolphin Pre-School
;'''Closed Schools'''
*Our Lady of Wisdom RC Secondary

==Notable residents==

[[Image:Jacks house3.JPG||thumb|right|225px|[[Jack Kerouac]] lived above this flower shop in Ozone Park.]]
Notable current and former residents of Ozone Park include:
*[[Joseph Patrick Addabbo]] - Congressman and has P.S. 64 named after him.<ref name=Thinking>Shaman, Diana. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E2DD163CF936A35753C1A9659C8B63 "If You're Thinking of Living In/Ozone Park; Changing Faces, Enduring Values"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 5, 2003. Acecssed October 19, 2007. "''It's a great community,'' said Councilman Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., who represents Ozone Park and lives there with his wife, Dawn.... At the foot of the tree-shaded enclave, which stretches from North Conduit Avenue to Pitkin Avenue and from 81st to 87th Streets, lies the 2.8-acre Joseph P. Addabbo Park, named after Representative Addabbo, a lifelong resident of Ozone Park who served in Congress from 1960 until his death in 1986."</ref>
*[[Joseph Addabbo, Jr.]], member of the [[New York City Council]] from the 32nd Council District.<ref name=Thinking/>
*[[The Capris]] - 1950s [[Doo Wop]] group.<ref>O'Donnell, Michelle. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DEEDC153FF932A25756C0A9659C8B63 "CITYPEOPLE; Remember Then"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 11, 2003. Accessed November 11, 2007. "...at which members of long-forgotten groups like the Elegants (from Staten Island) and the Capris (Ozone Park, Queens) examined the Italian-American influence on doo-wop."</ref> Smith / W.9th Street
*[[Elizabeth Eden]] (1946–1987), Real life character of "''Leon''" from the 1975 film ''[[Dog Day Afternoon]]''.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0D91F38F932A35753C1A961948260 "Elizabeth Eden, Transsexual Who Figured in 1975 Movie"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 1, 1987. Accessed December 26, 2007.</ref>
*[[Gerald Edelman]] (1929-), 1972 winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].<ref>[http://www.hightech-mag.com/index.php/vip/2005/07/gerald-edelman-1972-nobel-prize-in-physiology-and-medicine/ Gerald Edelman - 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine], ''Israel High-Tech Magazine'', July 1, 2005.</ref>
*[[Peter Facinelli]] - (born November 26, 1973), actor.
*[[John Frascatore]] (1970-), Baseball Player.<ref>Huang, Paul. [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/sport/archives/2003/08/15/2003063900/wiki "John Frascatore beefs up Lions' pitching"], ''[[Taipei Times]]'', August 15, 2003. Accessed October 18, 2007. "Contributing four of those 10 wins is former major leaguer John Frascatore of Ozone Park, New York (4-2 with a 2.05 ERA)."</ref>
*[[Diane Giacalone]] former [[Assistant U.S. Attorney]] and John Gotti prosecutor <ref>Attorney Diane Giacalone, from the neighborhood.], ''[[Time (magazine)]]'', September 29, 1986.</ref>
*[[John Gotti]] (1940–2002) Mafia Boss.<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/06/10/john.gotti/ 'Dapper Don' John Gotti dead: Brought down by the Bull], [[CNN.com]], June 11, 2002.</ref>
*[[Neal Heaton]] (1960-), [[MLB]] baseball pitcher.
*[[Carol Heiss]] (1940-), Olympics figure skater.<ref>[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B1EF63A5D13728DDDAF0994DA405B8889F1D3 "CAROL HEISS GAINS 3D WORLD CROWN IN FIGURE SKATING; Ozone Park Girl Adds to Her Compulsory Phase Lead in Free-Style Exhibition"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 16, 1958. Accessed November 11, 2007. "Carol Heiss of Ozone Park, Queens, Miss Personality of the ice, skated off with her third world figure skating championship tonight with a perfectly-executed freestyle exhibition."</ref>
*[[Jimmy Herring (boxer)|Jimmy Herring]] - Middleweight Boxer <ref>[http://www.boxrec.com/boxer_display.php?boxer_id=021972 Boxrec.com Stats for Jimmy Herring]</ref>
*[[Jack Kerouac]] (1922–1969), writer. Born in Lowell, Massachusetts, he lived in Ozone Park with his parents after discharge from the U.S. Navy in 1943. He wrote his first novel, ''The Town and the City'', as well as the quintessential ''[[On the Road]]'' while living in Ozone Park. His friends jokingly called him "The Wizard of Ozone Park,"<ref>[http://www.wordsareimportant.com/ozonepark.htm "The Wized of Ozone Park"], accessed December 31, 2006</ref>
*[[Cyndi Lauper]] (1953-), singer/actress. (104th Street)<ref>Hoffman, Jan. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E2D7113EF932A05751C1A9659C8B63 "PUBLIC LIVES; She Just Wanted to Have Fun. And She's Having It."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 31, 2003. Accessed October 10, 2007. "She found simpatico musicians to help her repossess the songs that reverberated through her childhood block in Ozone Park, Queens. And she felt ready to celebrate a lifetime of spirited dancing."</ref>
*[[Bernadette Peters]] (1948-), actress/singer.<ref>[http://www.artshound.com/?app=eventDetail&id=2051 Artshound.com biography of Bernadette Peters], accessed December 16, 2006.</ref>
*[[Thomas Von Essen]] - Senior Vice President at Giuliani Partners and 30th [[New York City Fire Commissioner]].<ref>Connelly, Sherryl. [http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/2002/07/28/2002-07-28_surviving_the_inferno___the_.html "SURVIVING THE INFERNO The vital memoir of NYC's ex-Fire Commissioner"], ''[[Daily News (New York)]]'', July 28, 2002. Accessed January 18, 2009. "After relating such immediate events, the book, which will be in stores Aug. 6, recounts Von Essen's life story. It's that of a boy from Ozone Park, Queens, who was adrift until he joined the Fire Department in 1970 at age 24."</ref>
*[[Joe Lo Truglio]] (1970-), actor.
*[[Debra Wilson]] (1962-), Actress/Comedienne/Voice Actress/TV presenter

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Portal|New York City}}
*{{Geolinks-US-streetscale|40.670198|-73.838317}}
*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,134529,00.html Ozone Park Mafia Graveyard]
*[http://www.astorialic.org/starjournal/1920s/1921december_p.php Gaussie Humann trial, Ozone Park, 1921]
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E5D81230F930A2575BC0A962958260 Robber killed by cop in Ozone Park]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962405-1,00.html Diane Giacalone, from the neighborhood.]
*[http://www.wordsareimportant.com/ozonepark.htm Jack Kerouac, Wizard of Ozone Park.]
*[http://www.zwire.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=17619900&BRD=2731&PAG=461&dept_id=574995&rfi=8 Ozone Park gang, Queens Chronicle]

{{Queens}}

[[Category:Neighborhoods in Queens]]
[[Category:Little Italys in the United States]]

Quentin Smith

2008-03-04T07:09:56Z

63.3.0.1: /* External links */

{{Cleanup|date=June 2006}}

'''Quentin Smith''' is a philosopher and professor of philosophy at [[Western Michigan University]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]], [[Michigan]]. He is best known for his work in the [[philosophy of time]], [[philosophy of language]], [[philosophy of physics]] and [[philosophy of religion]]. However, Smith himself is not limited in his interests, which occasionally branch out into the [[philosophy of mind]], [[metaphysics]], [[ethics]], and [[physical cosmology]]. Smith is also a painter and a poet.

== Continental philosophy and Analytic philosophy==

Smith began his quest into philosophy at age 16 in an attempt to answer the question, "What is the meaning of life?", when he was disappointed by what he observed in the lives of other people. He originally studied and wrote in the tradition of [[Continental philosophy]], with a particular affinity for [[Martin Heidegger]]. Later, he made the switch to [[Analytic philosophy]] when he found the continental tradition unsatisfactory. However, he has never given up his belief that the topics the continentals were interested in are valid and worthy topics for philosophical analysis.

==Published work==

Smith has published over 100 articles; however, there are numerous articles which are not currently published. Of his published books, he has authored three, co-authored two, and co-authored and edited seven. He is also the chief editor for ''[[Philo (journal)|Philo]]'' and an editor for [[Prometheus Books]]. Philosophers have been known to request that Smith review their work. Occasionally, some physicists send him their theories for his interpretations of them. A larger issue is that he continually and spontaneously develops new ideas as he rereads his penultimate drafts, which quickly turns one paper into two new papers.

==Career==

At the beginning of his career, Smith was offered jobs at several prominent schools; however, he did not accept any of their offers. Smith has said (to, for example, his graduate students):

<blockquote>The primary reason for my decisions is that I was then a continental philosopher, not an analytic philosopher, and the prestigious universities were analytic. A more accurate statement was that my conceptual system did not then include the distinction between prestige/non-prestige, a conceptual distinction I acquired only after being in academia for a long time. In the late 1980s, I had been an "independent scholar" for about 10 years, although except for a few financially supportive people at NEH, ACLS, and the Rockefeller Foundation, etc., what I called "being an independent scholar" was called something else by the rest of society.</blockquote>

Eventually, Smith took a job at a relatively unknown program where he thought he would encounter "real" philosophers. Smith would subsequently resign his position and take a leave from academia.

===Conventionality and nonconventionality ===

About conventionality/nonconventionality, he says:

<blockquote>This distinction is of most interest to people in their teens and early twenties; beyond that age, one has interacted with enough different people, and been in enough different environments, to realize that this distinction does not exist. Insofar as it exists, it is relevant to a sociologists examining different cultures and their different conventions, and it is relevant to younger people who find they differ from most of society, but haven't yet figured out an individual purpose, self-identity or a way to relate to society, and, during this formative process, identity is most clearly understood in general categories, such as conventional vs. unconventional people. But no matter what purpose one chooses, e.g. living on top of a tree and preaching a religion one has just invented, once one's self-identity has been formed in a specific and satisfactory way (to oneself), and once one is involved in a purpose (or "career") one is satisfied with, and one has developed one's preferred way of fitting into society, and once one has enough confidence in one's self-identity and chosen purpose, then what one sees are individuals, each of which has her own individual purpose and self-identity and each differs purpose/self-identity from that of another. Apart from sociology, anthropology and similar fields, the conventional/unconventional distinction does not have a non-vague meaning; for example, any attempt to explain the distinction in a non-vague way will be found by others quite easy to immediately "refute".</blockquote>

==Present view of earlier beliefs==

Smith agreed with some earlier beliefs, but suggested that they might not survive an exact analysis. Some earlier beliefs he expressed were that it is best to act in certain conventional ways if acting otherwise would be discomforting to others, but with limits of course: --if writing philosophy is too unconventional for certain environments (mainly non-academic environments), he would rather live on a beach than stop writing philosophy.

===Questioning culturally accepted beliefs===

He believes that conventions taken for granted in any given culture are worthy of questioning. Given the thousands of different cultures and the different factual beliefs and moral beliefs that were unreflectively taken for granted by members of these different cultures, it would be a rather remarkable and improbable coincidence if the beliefs "WE" take for granted are the obviously right ones and the other beliefs obviously wrong (because different from ours).

==Philosophical and impractical==

It is often thought that he is "off in his own world" or "out there" most of the time; however, he pays attention to much more than most people realize, and while he may not remember your name or what you look like, he will remember what you said with the utmost detail. About himself, he admits that he is "challenged in practical matters," but grants the truth of the remarks of those who associate with him the most that "lack of interest in everyday practical matters" may well be a more accurate explanation.

==Published books==
*''Epistemology: New Essays'' (editor) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006
*''Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity''. Routledge October 2006
*''Time, Tense and Reference'' (co-edited with A. Jokic, and contributing author). Cambridge Mass. MIT Press, October 2003.
*''The Felt Meanings of the World''. Second Edition with Added Material. Purdue University Press, West Lafeyette, Indiana, 2007. (First edition, 1986).
*''Consciousness: New Philosophical Perspectives'' (co-edited with A. Jokic, and contributing author). Oxford: Oxford University Press, January 2003.
*''Ethical and Religious Thought in Analytic Philosophy of Language''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Pp. 264.
*''Time, Change and Freedom''. (co-authored with L. Nathan Oaklander). New York: Routledge, 1995. Pp. 218.
*''The New Theory of Time''. (co-authored and co-edited with L. Nathan Oaklander). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. 378.
*''Theism, Atheism and Big Bang Cosmology''. (co-authored with William Lane Craig). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. 357.
*''Language and Time''. First Edition. New York. Oxford University Press. 1993. pp. 259.
*''The Felt Meanings of the World: A Metaphysics of Feeling''. Purdue University Press :West Lafayette, 1986.

==External links==
* [http://www.wmich.edu/philosophy/smith.html Quentin Smith's faculty page for WMU]
* [http://www.qsmithwmu.com Quentin Smith's Website] Includes dozens of articles and excerpts of many of Smith's books
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/ Quentin Smith's philosophy of religion articles]
* [http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/craig-smith_harvard00.html Debate between Quentin Smith and William Lane Craig titled "Does God Exist?"]
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/self-caused.html A Cosmological Argument for a Self-Caused Universe] by Quentin Smith

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Quentin}}

[[Category:American academics]]
[[Category:Philosophers of language]]
[[Category:Philosophy academics]]
[[Category:20th century philosophers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

Quentin Smith

2008-03-04T07:09:13Z

63.3.0.1: /* External links */

{{Cleanup|date=June 2006}}

'''Quentin Smith''' is a philosopher and professor of philosophy at [[Western Michigan University]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]], [[Michigan]]. He is best known for his work in the [[philosophy of time]], [[philosophy of language]], [[philosophy of physics]] and [[philosophy of religion]]. However, Smith himself is not limited in his interests, which occasionally branch out into the [[philosophy of mind]], [[metaphysics]], [[ethics]], and [[physical cosmology]]. Smith is also a painter and a poet.

== Continental philosophy and Analytic philosophy==

Smith began his quest into philosophy at age 16 in an attempt to answer the question, "What is the meaning of life?", when he was disappointed by what he observed in the lives of other people. He originally studied and wrote in the tradition of [[Continental philosophy]], with a particular affinity for [[Martin Heidegger]]. Later, he made the switch to [[Analytic philosophy]] when he found the continental tradition unsatisfactory. However, he has never given up his belief that the topics the continentals were interested in are valid and worthy topics for philosophical analysis.

==Published work==

Smith has published over 100 articles; however, there are numerous articles which are not currently published. Of his published books, he has authored three, co-authored two, and co-authored and edited seven. He is also the chief editor for ''[[Philo (journal)|Philo]]'' and an editor for [[Prometheus Books]]. Philosophers have been known to request that Smith review their work. Occasionally, some physicists send him their theories for his interpretations of them. A larger issue is that he continually and spontaneously develops new ideas as he rereads his penultimate drafts, which quickly turns one paper into two new papers.

==Career==

At the beginning of his career, Smith was offered jobs at several prominent schools; however, he did not accept any of their offers. Smith has said (to, for example, his graduate students):

<blockquote>The primary reason for my decisions is that I was then a continental philosopher, not an analytic philosopher, and the prestigious universities were analytic. A more accurate statement was that my conceptual system did not then include the distinction between prestige/non-prestige, a conceptual distinction I acquired only after being in academia for a long time. In the late 1980s, I had been an "independent scholar" for about 10 years, although except for a few financially supportive people at NEH, ACLS, and the Rockefeller Foundation, etc., what I called "being an independent scholar" was called something else by the rest of society.</blockquote>

Eventually, Smith took a job at a relatively unknown program where he thought he would encounter "real" philosophers. Smith would subsequently resign his position and take a leave from academia.

===Conventionality and nonconventionality ===

About conventionality/nonconventionality, he says:

<blockquote>This distinction is of most interest to people in their teens and early twenties; beyond that age, one has interacted with enough different people, and been in enough different environments, to realize that this distinction does not exist. Insofar as it exists, it is relevant to a sociologists examining different cultures and their different conventions, and it is relevant to younger people who find they differ from most of society, but haven't yet figured out an individual purpose, self-identity or a way to relate to society, and, during this formative process, identity is most clearly understood in general categories, such as conventional vs. unconventional people. But no matter what purpose one chooses, e.g. living on top of a tree and preaching a religion one has just invented, once one's self-identity has been formed in a specific and satisfactory way (to oneself), and once one is involved in a purpose (or "career") one is satisfied with, and one has developed one's preferred way of fitting into society, and once one has enough confidence in one's self-identity and chosen purpose, then what one sees are individuals, each of which has her own individual purpose and self-identity and each differs purpose/self-identity from that of another. Apart from sociology, anthropology and similar fields, the conventional/unconventional distinction does not have a non-vague meaning; for example, any attempt to explain the distinction in a non-vague way will be found by others quite easy to immediately "refute".</blockquote>

==Present view of earlier beliefs==

Smith agreed with some earlier beliefs, but suggested that they might not survive an exact analysis. Some earlier beliefs he expressed were that it is best to act in certain conventional ways if acting otherwise would be discomforting to others, but with limits of course: --if writing philosophy is too unconventional for certain environments (mainly non-academic environments), he would rather live on a beach than stop writing philosophy.

===Questioning culturally accepted beliefs===

He believes that conventions taken for granted in any given culture are worthy of questioning. Given the thousands of different cultures and the different factual beliefs and moral beliefs that were unreflectively taken for granted by members of these different cultures, it would be a rather remarkable and improbable coincidence if the beliefs "WE" take for granted are the obviously right ones and the other beliefs obviously wrong (because different from ours).

==Philosophical and impractical==

It is often thought that he is "off in his own world" or "out there" most of the time; however, he pays attention to much more than most people realize, and while he may not remember your name or what you look like, he will remember what you said with the utmost detail. About himself, he admits that he is "challenged in practical matters," but grants the truth of the remarks of those who associate with him the most that "lack of interest in everyday practical matters" may well be a more accurate explanation.

==Published books==
*''Epistemology: New Essays'' (editor) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006
*''Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity''. Routledge October 2006
*''Time, Tense and Reference'' (co-edited with A. Jokic, and contributing author). Cambridge Mass. MIT Press, October 2003.
*''The Felt Meanings of the World''. Second Edition with Added Material. Purdue University Press, West Lafeyette, Indiana, 2007. (First edition, 1986).
*''Consciousness: New Philosophical Perspectives'' (co-edited with A. Jokic, and contributing author). Oxford: Oxford University Press, January 2003.
*''Ethical and Religious Thought in Analytic Philosophy of Language''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. Pp. 264.
*''Time, Change and Freedom''. (co-authored with L. Nathan Oaklander). New York: Routledge, 1995. Pp. 218.
*''The New Theory of Time''. (co-authored and co-edited with L. Nathan Oaklander). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. 378.
*''Theism, Atheism and Big Bang Cosmology''. (co-authored with William Lane Craig). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pp. 357.
*''Language and Time''. First Edition. New York. Oxford University Press. 1993. pp. 259.
*''The Felt Meanings of the World: A Metaphysics of Feeling''. Purdue University Press :West Lafayette, 1986.

==External links==
* [http://www.wmich.edu/philosophy/smith.html Quentin Smith's faculty page for WMU]
* [http://www.qsmithwmu.com Quentin Smith's Website] Includes dozens of articles and excerpts of many of Smith's books
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/ Quentin Smith's philosophy of religion articles
* [http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/craig-smith_harvard00.html Debate between Quentin Smith and William Lane Craig titled "Does God Exist?"]
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/self-caused.html A Cosmological Argument for a Self-Caused Universe] by Quentin Smith

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Quentin}}

[[Category:American academics]]
[[Category:Philosophers of language]]
[[Category:Philosophy academics]]
[[Category:20th century philosophers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]