Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Rod Roddenberry

2006-07-09T20:47:55Z

207.200.116.10:

'''Eugeine Wesley Roddtsnberry Jr.''' (b. [[1974]] in [[Los Angeles, California]]) is a [[United States|American]] [[television producer]] and the son of [[Star Trek]] creator [[Gene Roddenberry]] and [[actress]] [[Majel Barrett]]. He is known for his work in [[science fiction]], [[astronomy]], and [[space exploration]e,
== Filmography ==
*[[Trek Nation]] (2006) A documentary marking the 40th Anniversary of [[Star Trek]]. Includes various interviews with fans, actors, scientists, writers and producers, examining the positive influences that the series has had on people's lives.
*Wrote an episode of ''[[Earth: Final Conflict]]'' which was also produced through his [[production company]], Kirschner/Roddenberry Productions.
*Worked as production assistant on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]''
* Espouses his admiration for the dedication shown in Star Trek fan-created projects; consulted on, and helped promote, the Star Trek fan series ''[[Star Trek: New Voyages]]'' (2004).

== Miscellaneous ==
* Created the [[Trek fish]]
* Board member on the [[X Prize]] project
* Participated in efforts with [[NASA]], [[JPL]], [[The Planetary Society]], and [[The Kennedy Space Center]] to promote the convergences of real advances in space exploration which had previously been limited to Science Fiction.

== External links ==
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0734473/ Rod Roddenberry] at the [[The Internet Movie Database|Internet Movie Database]]
* http://www.roddenberry.com/
* [http://www.sliceofscifi.com/archives/slice_of_sci-fi_002.html Interview with Rod Roddenberry] on Slice of SciFi
* [http://eugene.roddenberry.com/ The Roddenberry Encounter] An Official Fansite Endorsed By Rod

[[Category:1974 births|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:Living people|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:American television producers|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:American television writers|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:People from California|Roddenberry, Rod]]

Rod Roddenberry

2006-07-09T20:47:47Z

207.200.116.10:

'''Eugeine Wesley Roddtsnberry Jr.''' (b. [[1974]] in [[Los Angeles, California]]) is a [[United States|American]] [[television producer]] and the son of [[Star Trek]] creator [[Gene Roddenberry]] and [[actress]] [[Majel Barrett]]. He is known for his work in [[science fiction]], [[astronomy]], and [[space exploration]].

== Filmography ==
*[[Trek Nation]] (2006) A documentary marking the 40th Anniversary of [[Star Trek]]. Includes various interviews with fans, actors, scientists, writers and producers, examining the positive influences that the series has had on people's lives.
*Wrote an episode of ''[[Earth: Final Conflict]]'' which was also produced through his [[production company]], Kirschner/Roddenberry Productions.
*Worked as production assistant on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]''
* Espouses his admiration for the dedication shown in Star Trek fan-created projects; consulted on, and helped promote, the Star Trek fan series ''[[Star Trek: New Voyages]]'' (2004).

== Miscellaneous ==
* Created the [[Trek fish]]
* Board member on the [[X Prize]] project
* Participated in efforts with [[NASA]], [[JPL]], [[The Planetary Society]], and [[The Kennedy Space Center]] to promote the convergences of real advances in space exploration which had previously been limited to Science Fiction.

== External links ==
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0734473/ Rod Roddenberry] at the [[The Internet Movie Database|Internet Movie Database]]
* http://www.roddenberry.com/
* [http://www.sliceofscifi.com/archives/slice_of_sci-fi_002.html Interview with Rod Roddenberry] on Slice of SciFi
* [http://eugene.roddenberry.com/ The Roddenberry Encounter] An Official Fansite Endorsed By Rod

[[Category:1974 births|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:Living people|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:American television producers|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:American television writers|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:People from California|Roddenberry, Rod]]

Rod Roddenberry

2006-07-09T20:47:39Z

207.200.116.10:

'''Eugeine Wesley Roddenberry Jr.''' (b. [[1974]] in [[Los Angeles, California]]) is a [[United States|American]] [[television producer]] and the son of [[Star Trek]] creator [[Gene Roddenberry]] and [[actress]] [[Majel Barrett]]. He is known for his work in [[science fiction]], [[astronomy]], and [[space exploration]].

== Filmography ==
*[[Trek Nation]] (2006) A documentary marking the 40th Anniversary of [[Star Trek]]. Includes various interviews with fans, actors, scientists, writers and producers, examining the positive influences that the series has had on people's lives.
*Wrote an episode of ''[[Earth: Final Conflict]]'' which was also produced through his [[production company]], Kirschner/Roddenberry Productions.
*Worked as production assistant on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]''
* Espouses his admiration for the dedication shown in Star Trek fan-created projects; consulted on, and helped promote, the Star Trek fan series ''[[Star Trek: New Voyages]]'' (2004).

== Miscellaneous ==
* Created the [[Trek fish]]
* Board member on the [[X Prize]] project
* Participated in efforts with [[NASA]], [[JPL]], [[The Planetary Society]], and [[The Kennedy Space Center]] to promote the convergences of real advances in space exploration which had previously been limited to Science Fiction.

== External links ==
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0734473/ Rod Roddenberry] at the [[The Internet Movie Database|Internet Movie Database]]
* http://www.roddenberry.com/
* [http://www.sliceofscifi.com/archives/slice_of_sci-fi_002.html Interview with Rod Roddenberry] on Slice of SciFi
* [http://eugene.roddenberry.com/ The Roddenberry Encounter] An Official Fansite Endorsed By Rod

[[Category:1974 births|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:Living people|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:American television producers|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:American television writers|Roddenberry, Rod]]
[[Category:People from California|Roddenberry, Rod]]

1638

2006-07-07T00:13:27Z

207.200.116.10:

I won't stop until 'Dat dere cell-tech' is on the English language article: Ronnie coleman!

Lothar von Séez

2006-07-07T00:10:09Z

207.200.116.10:

I won't stop until 'Dat dere cell-tech' is on the English language article: Ronnie coleman!

Fortingall Yew

2006-07-05T04:13:44Z

207.200.116.10:

I won't stop until 'Dat dere cell-tech' is on the English language article: Ronnie coleman!

António Mascarenhas Monteiro

2006-06-22T03:03:21Z

207.200.116.10:

I'm not gonna stop until you let me add 'dat dere cell-tech' to Article:: Ronnie Coleman (English)

Hossein Ala

2006-06-21T17:52:16Z

207.200.116.10:

[[Image:Hosein Ala.jpg|thumb|right|Hosein Ala]]'''Hosein Alā''' was a [[Prime Minister]] of [[Iran]] during 1951. He was born in 18an82 in [[Tehran]] and spent his early years in [[London]]. He became involved in politics through a position in the [[Foreign Affairs]] Ministry of Iran.

He then became a [[Member of Parliament]] and was among the opposition to the fall of the [[Qajar dynasty]] during the [[Shah Pahlavi]] transition. He then climbed his way up into higher positions until in 1951 he became Prime Minister. His primiership however did not last long. During his administration, the serving term for Members of Parliament was increased from 2 to 4 years. He was finally appointed as [[Court Minister]] and remained one until his death in 1964 at the age of 82.

His political tendencies were highly pro-British, and it is said that he was a member of the [[Freemasonry]].

==See also==
*[[Pahlavi Dynasty]]
*[[List of Prime Ministers of Iran]]

==References used==
''The following reference was used for the above writing: "Iran in the last 3 Centuries" by Alireza Avsati. Published Tehran, 2003. Vol1 ISBN 964-93406-6-1 Vol2 ISBN 964-93406-5-3''

{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Haj Ali Razmara]]|
title= [[Prime Minister of Iran]] |
years= [[1951]] |
after= [[Mohammed Mossadegh]] }}
{{succession box |
before= [[Fazlollah Zahedi]]|
title= [[Prime Minister of Iran]] |
years= [[1955]] – [[1957]] |
after= [[Manouchehr Eghbal]] }}
{{end box}}

{{Iran-politician-stub}}

Helen Tamiris

2006-06-19T18:01:42Z

207.200.116.10:

'''Heleasn Tamiris''' ([[1905]] -[[1966]]) choreographer, modern dancer, and teacher (also known as '''Helen Becker''').

A founder of American [[Modern Dance]], Helen Tamiris originally trained in free movement at the [[Henry Street]] Settlement ([[Irene Lewisohn]]). She danced with the Metropolitan Opera Ballet and the Bracale Opera Company before studying briefly with Michel Fokine and with a disciple of Isadora Duncan. In 1927, she made her premiere as a solo modern dancer and two years later formed her own school and company. Concerned with establishing modern dance as a viable art form, Tamiris was active in organizing the young artists through the Concert Dancers League, Dance Repertory Theatre, Dancers Emergency Association, and American Dance Association. She also played an integral role in establishing the Federal Dance Project under the WPA.

Tamiris believed that each dance must create its own expressive means and as such did not develop an individual style or technique. She was one of the first choreographers to use jazz and spiritual music to explore social themes via dance. She is probably best known for her suite of dances called ''Negro Spirituals'' which was created between [[1928]] and [[1941]] and for ''How Long Brethren?'' (1937), a dance for the Federal Dance Project of the WPA that explored the problems facing African-Americans and won Dance Magazine's first award for group choreography. Tamiris also made works based on American themes working in concert dance (including ''Walt Whitman Suite'' and ''Salut au Monde'') and musical theatre ( ''[[Annie Get Your Gun]]'' ([[1946]]), ''Touch and Go'' ([[1949]]), ''Plain and Fancy'' ([[1955]])). She won a [[Tony Award]] in 1949 for her choreography of ''Touch and Go''.

In [[1960]], with husband [[Daniel Nagrin]], Tamiris formed the Tamiris-Nagrin Dance Company.

{{Dance-stub}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ibdb.com/person.asp?ID=1478/ Internet Broadway Database listing for Helen Tamiris]

[[Category:Choreographers |Tamiris, Helen]]
[[Category:Modern Dancers|Tamiris, Helen]]

[[Category:1905 births|Tamiris, Helen]]
[[Category:1966 deaths|Tamiris, Helen]]

Gudgenby River

2006-06-17T18:17:24Z

207.200.116.10:

<math>Insert formula here</math>noThe '''Gudgenby River''' is a river in the [[Australian Capital Territory]] that flows predominantly through the forests of the [[Namadgi National Park]]. The river catchment contains ecologically significant alpine wetlands.

The Gudgenby has been investigated as a site for a new dam to provide water to the ACT. Two dams have been proposed for construction near [[Mount Tennent]], a small dam with a capacity of approximately 43 GL or a large 159 GL capacity dam which would more than double water storage capacity in the ACT.

==Reference==
* ACTEW Corporation. [http://www.actew.com.au/futurewateroptions/Tennent.aspx Future Water Options]

[[Category:Rivers of the Australian Capital Territory]]
{{Canberra-geo-stub}}

Benutzer:Marc109

2006-02-04T01:30:44Z

207.200.116.10: Leeson

No one alive is a competent Mozart iconographer. How pitiful that some pretend to the throne of OED.

José Rizal

2006-01-31T00:44:08Z

207.200.116.10: /* Verurteilung und Hinrichtung */

[[Bild:rizal.gif|thumb|200px|Jose Rizal]]'''José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda''' (* [[19. Juni]] [[1861]] in [[Calamba]] auf [[Luzon|Luzón]]; † [[30. Dezember]] [[1896]] in [[Manila]] ([[Hinrichtung|hingerichtet]])) war ein philippinischer [[Schriftsteller]]. Er ist ''der'' Nationalheld der [[Philippinen]].

Rizal unternahm ausgedehnte Reisen nach [[Belgien]], [[England]], [[Frankreich]], [[Hongkong]], [[Japan]], [[Schweiz]], [[Spanien]], [[Österreich-Ungarn]] und durch die [[USA]]. Er hat auch längere Zeit in Deutschland gelebt und in [[Heidelberg]] mit Erfolg [[Medizin]] studiert. In Heidelberg findet sich ein ihm gewidmetes [[Denkmal]]. Er war vielseitig interessiert und außerordentlich sprachbegabt. Er hat in [[Ulm]] Kinderbücher [[Illustration|illustriert]], u.a. die "[[Max und Moritz]]"-Geschichten. Er war befreundet mit einem der besten Kenner der Philippinen, mit Prof. [[Ferdinand Blumentritt]] in [[Leitmeritz]].

== Familiengeschichte ==

Rizal war das siebte der elf Kinder von Francisco Mercado und Teodora Alonzo, und wurde in der Stadt Calamba in der Provinz Laguna geboren. Ein Mischling von chinesischer Abstammung der fünften Generation, war Rizal ein Nachfolger Domingo Lam-cos, der aus Amoy, China, Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts auf die Philippinen eingereist war. Lam-co heiratete das chinesische Halbblut Inez de la Rosa. Seine Mutter (Joses) Teodora war Tochter der Enkelin Lam-cos ( Brigida de Quintos) und ein spanisch-philippinisches Halbblut (Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo). Als der Machthaber Claveria einen Befehl erließ, die Einwohner hätten spanische Namen anzunehmen, weil sie Untertanen der spanischen Krone waren, wählte Lam-co den Nachnamen "Mercado", was "Markt" besagte und auf seine berufliche Tätigkeit hinwies. Unter diesem Namen lebte die Familie von da an. Bis Jose sich im Ateneo Municipal de Manila einschrieb, um zu studieren, behielt er diesen Namen bei. Nachdem Paciano Mercado sich in einen Streit mit der Regierung verwickelt hatte, betreffs seiner Verbindung mit dem hingerichteten Rebelpriester Fr. Burgos, überredete ihn seiner älterer Bruder, seinen Name in "Rizal" (grün wie ein Reisstiel) umzuwandeln. So blieb Jose vor Problemen mit der Regierung bewahrt.

== Erziehung ==

Rizal reiste nach Manila ab, um in Ateneo Municipal de Manila (nun Universität Ateneo de Manila) zu studieren, wo er 1877 seinen Titel eines Bakkalaureus der philosopischen Fakultät (Abitur) errang. Er setzte seine Ausbildung in Ateneo fort, um Landvermesser zu werden und schrieb sich gleichzeitig in der Universität Santo Tomas für die Fächer Literatur und Philosophie ein. Als er erfuhr, dass seine Mutter erblindet war, entschloss er sich, Medizin zu studieren, doch brach er sein Studium ab, da er sich durch die Priester an der Universität diskriminiert fühlte. Er beendete sein Medizinstudium stattdessen an der Universidad Central de Madrid in Spanien wohin er zwischendurch abgereist hatte und erhielt die Abschlussnote "ausgezeichnet". Er zog danach nach Paris und spezialisierte sich in einer Augenklinik als Ophtalmologe. Danach zog er nach Heidelberg, wo er einen Doktortitel erlangte.

== Werke und Erbe==

Rizals Bücher, vor allem sein berühmtestes Werk '' „[[Noli me tangere]]“'' (''Berühre mich nicht'') übten Kritik am herrschenden gesellschaftspolitischen System.
Das anderes Werk ''„[[El Filibusterismo]]“'' ( ''Obstruktionismus'' oder ''Plünderung'') kritisierte ebenfalls die Umstände und Bedingungen, unter denen die Bevölkerung leben musste. Damit geriet der aus einer wohlhabenden, chinesisch-mestizischen Familie stammende Rizal in Opposition zur herrschenden spanischen Oberschicht. Bildung und Wissen galt auf den kolonialen Philippinnen als lebensgefährlich, vor allem gegenüber der mächtigen, [[Römisch-Katholische Kirche|katholischen Kirche]] - seine Werke waren ausdrücklich verboten.

{{Qualitätssicherungstext}}

[[Kategorie:Wikipedia:Qualitätssicherung]]
Die Diskussion über diesen Antrag findet auf der '''[[Wikipedia:Qualitätssicherung/21._Januar_2006#{{PAGENAME}}|Qualitätssicherungsseite]]''' statt. 
Hier der konkrete Grund, warum dieser Artikel auf den QS-Seiten eingetragen wurde: Die Denkmalsaufschift ist sicherlich fehlerhaft übersetzt und ergibt keinen Sinn. --[[Benutzer:Schubbay|Schubbay]] 13:28, 21. Jan 2006 (CET)
----
== Verurteilung und Hinrichtung ==

Infolge seiner politischen Aktivitäten gegen die spanische Regierung der Inseln wurde er vor Gericht gestellt. Zuerst wurde er zum Exil in Dapitan in der Provinz Zamboanga (in Mindanao) verurteilt. Dort baute Rizal eine Kinderschule und ein Krankenhaus. Außerdem konstruierte er ein Wasserversorgungsystem für die Bevölkerung. Nach Verbüßung seiner Strafe begehrte er zugunsten Spaniens zu dienen. Er reiste nach Spanien ab, richtung Kuba, um dort als Mediziner für spanische Armee zu fungieren; aber dann brach die philippinische Revolution aus. Er wurde an Bord des Schiffes in Barcelona verhaftet und in die Philippinen zurückgebracht. Dieses Mal verurteilte man ihn wegen Anstiftung zur Rebellion und zum Verrat. Zitat aus seinem letzten Brief: ''Prof. Fernando Blumentritt - My dear Brother, when you receive this letter, I shall be dead by then. Tomorrow at 7, I shall be shot; but I am innocent of the crime of rebellion...'' (deutsch: mein lieber Bruder, wenn du diesen Brief erhältst, werde ich tot sein. Morgen, um sieben, werde ich erschossen; aber ich bin des Verbrechens der Rebellion unschuldig...). Am 30. Dezember wurde er in Bagumbayan (nun „Rizalplatz“) hingerichtet.

Es gibt derzeit ein riesiges Denkmal in dem Ort, wo er erschossen wurde, das von dem Schweizer [[Richard Kissling]], Urheber der bekannten Statue [[Wilhelm Tell]]s, geschaffen wurde, mit der Aufschrift: ''"I want to show to those who deprive people the right to love of country, that when we know how to sacrifice ourselves for our duties and convictions, death does not matter if one dies for those one loves – for his country and for others dear to him".''

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.knightsofrizal.de/rizal.html Ausführliche Homepage über das Leben und Wirken von Rizal] (mit vielen Bildern)
* [http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/allg/benutzung/bereiche/leben/rizal.html Tabellarischer Lebenslauf]


[[Kategorie:Mann|Rizal, Jose Protasio]]
[[Kategorie:Philippiner|Rizal, Jose Protasio]]
[[Kategorie:Autor|Rizal, Jose Protasio]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren 1861|Rizal, Jose Protasio]]
[[Kategorie:Gestorben 1896|Rizal, Jose Protasio]]



{{Personendaten|
NAME=Realonda, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=philippinischer [[Schriftsteller]] und Volksheld
|GEBURTSDATUM=[[19. Juni]] [[1861]]
|GEBURTSORT=[[Calamba]] auf [[Luzon|Luzón]]
|STERBEDATUM=[[30. Dezember]] [[1896]]
|STERBEORT=[[Manila]]
}}

[[en:José Rizal]]
[[es:José Rizal]]
[[fr:José Rizal]]
[[id:Jose Rizal]]
[[ia:José Rizal]]
[[ja:ホセ・リサール]]
[[la:Josephus Rizalus]]
[[hu:José Rizal]]
[[ms:Jose Rizal]]
[[no:Jose Rizal]]
[[tl:Jose Rizal]]

420 (Cannabis-Kultur)

2005-10-23T13:37:16Z

207.200.116.10: /* Origin theories */

The number '''420''' is a [[euphemism]] for [[cannabis]] and its associated [[culture]]. The exact origin of the term is unknown, although there is much speculation and many [[urban legend]]s about its origin. Smoking [[marijuana]] at 4:20 or on [[April 20]] has special meaning to some.

==Origin theories==

[[Snopes.com]], [[High Times|High Times Magazine]], and ''[[The Straight Dope]]'' claim that in the early [[1970s]] the Waldos, a group of teenagers at [[San Rafael High School]] in [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], [[California]] used to meet every day to smoke [[marijuana]] after school at 4:20 PM at the water tower atop San Rafael Hill. The local story has these students doing radio skits with a pirate radio transmitter from the hill. One of these alleged skits was of kids getting caught smoking by the local police. They imitated the police radio call voice saying, "We have a 4:20 in progress on San Rafael Hill." The San Rafael police have asserted that there is "... no such code." These actual students, however, have never been identified individually. The time became a [[code word]] for the drug, and usage spread. 4:20 PM has since become a popular time to "smoke up". (It's also worth noting that 4:20 PM is the time of [[LSD]] creator [[Albert Hofmann]]'s first deliberate ingestion of the substance, in [[1943]] on what was later dubbed [[Bicycle Day]]; perhaps this is where the San Rafael teenagers picked up the idea.)

Another possible origin of the term can be found in the works of [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. A short story of his, entitled "[[In the Walls of Eryx]]" and first published in ''[[Weird Tales]]'' [34, No. 4 ([[October 1939]]), pp 50-68], contains this passage:
:I had encountered at least one of those curious mirage-plants about which so many of our men told stories. Anderson had warned me of them, and described their appearance very closely—the shaggy stalk, the spiky leaves, and the mottled blossoms whose gaseous dream-breeding exhalations penetrate every existing make of mask...Although everything was spinning perilously, I tried to start in the right direction and hack my way ahead. My route must have been far from straight, for it seemed hours before I was free of the mirage-plant's pervasive influence. Gradually the dancing lights began to disappear, and the shimmering spectral scenery began to assume the aspect of solidity. When I did get wholly clear I looked at my watch and was astonished to find that the time was only 4:20. Though eternities had seemed to pass, the whole experience could have consumed little more than a half-hour.

One piece of evidence supporting an origin of the term from the time 4:20 is the fact that the number is always said "four twenty" and not "four hundred and twenty".

In [[1955]], [[Raj Kapoor]] [[Film director|directed]] a [[film]] entitled ''[[Shree 420]]'' (''Mr. 420''), a reference to someone who has a reputation for theft and deception, since apprehensions for such crimes are usually section 420 of the Indian Penal Code.

Other theories include the following:
* Urban legend claims, incorrectly, that 420 is or was a police code for a drug bust, or that 4:20 is or was the shift change for the police.
* It was, at one time, believed that there were 420 chemicals in marijuana.
* Many mistake [[April 20]] as being the day [[Bob Marley]], a famous rastafarian musician, died. The actual date he died is [[May 11]].
* [[April 20]] is the last day on which one is supposed to plant cannabis seeds.
* [[The Beatles]] song "[[Come Together]]" and "Smokin'" by [[Boston]] are 4:20 in length.
* "D" and "T" are the 4th and 20th letters of the alphabet, respectively, and thus "DT" stands for "doobie time" ("doobie" being a slang term for a [[spliff|marijuana cigarette]]).
* At 4:20 on a hand clock, the hands line up in a downward angle giving the appearance that the face of the clock has a smoking instrument in its "mouth".
* The psychoactive chemical in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). "tetra" is Greek for 4, "hydro" for water (aka H2O); condensed together somewhat makes 420.

==Occurrences==

*The number 420 is common in classified ads describing housing or individuals which permit or encourage marijuana use ("420 OK"). This practice is common in socially progressive communities such as [[Craigslist]]. One such "Housing to share" listing, from the ''[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]]'' in 1994, read:

:Rm avail Veggie household. 420. No pets M pref

*In the movie ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'', the clocks in the pawnshop are set to 4:20. (It is often erroneously claimed that all clocks in the film are.)
*The radio show "4:20 Drug War News", a short talk segment which promotes legalization of certain drugs, and is usually aired at 4:20
*In an episode of the show ''[[Futurama (TV series)|Futurama]]'' called "The Farnsworth Parabox", an alternate universe where everyone is a [[hippie]] is numbered as Universe 420.
*The Lovecraft theory for the origin of 4:20 was first postulated on the official web-site for the rock band [[Tool (band)|Tool]].
*The California law that authorizes and regulates medical uses of marijuana was Senate Bill 420 (Chapter 875/2003, [[John Vasconcellos]]).
*The [[Bob Dylan]] song "Rainy Day Women #12 & 35" is informally known as "Everybody must get stoned" since the chorus repeats that line. 12×35=420.
*The first downbeat of the drums in the [[Led Zeppelin]] song "[[Stairway to Heaven]]" falls at 4:20.
*The second line of the first verse in the children's nursery rhyme '[[Sing a Song of Sixpence]]' goes "Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie". ('Baked' is a common euphemism for being under the influence of cannabis.)
*The [[Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young)]] song "4+20" on their 1970 ''[[Déjà Vu (album)|Déjà Vu]]'' album has the numbers in the title and begins, "Four and twenty years ago ..."
*In [[WWE]], the team of [[Rob Szatkowski|Rob Van Dam]] and [[Oscar Gutierrez|Rey Mysterio]] used a [[professional wrestling double-team maneuvers#Double leg drop|double leg drop]] termed the 420, ostensibly because of the number of legs involved (4) and the combined shoe size (Van Dam's size 12 + Mysterio's size 8 = 20).
*Grunge rock band [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]'s b-side "[[Even in His Youth]]" (on the single "[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]") is credited to be 4 minutes 20 seconds long on the single's cover. The song is really 3:06 in length.
*A popular sailing dinghy is called the [[420 (dinghy)|420]] (being 420 cm long) and is most commonly raced by adolescent and collegiate sailors.
*A [[cannabis]] [[coffeeshop]] located at Oude Brugsteeg 27 in [[Amsterdam]], [[The Netherlands]] is named the "420 cafe"
* The high school shooting at [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine]] occurred on April 20th. However, this is often connected with the birthdate of [[Adolf Hitler]], which was also on April 20th.
* The [[Phoenix, Arizona]] [[radio station]] Edge 103.9 plays a [[Bob Marley]] track every day at 4:20, both AM and PM.
* The [[San Diego, California]] [[radio station]] 91X 91.1 plays a [[Bob Marley]] track every day at 4:20, both AM and PM, the slot is named 'Mandatory Marley'.
* In the 1938 anti-pot classic "Reefer Madness", there is a brief subliminal flash showing 4:20 with a marijuanna leaf in the backround.

== External links ==

* http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/420.htm
* http://www.phish.net/faq/420.html
* [http://www.toolband.com/news/letter/2002_04.php Origin of Lovecraft 4:20 myth]
* [http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/03-04/bill/sen/sb_0401-0450/sb_420_bill_20031012_chaptered.html California SB 420]

[[Category:Drug culture]]
[[Category:Slang expressions]]
[[Category:Famous numbers]]
[[Category:Cannabis]]

420 (Cannabis-Kultur)

2005-10-23T13:36:14Z

207.200.116.10: /* Origin theories */

The number '''420''' is a [[euphemism]] for [[cannabis]] and its associated [[culture]]. The exact origin of the term is unknown, although there is much speculation and many [[urban legend]]s about its origin. Smoking [[marijuana]] at 4:20 or on [[April 20]] has special meaning to some.

==Origin theories==

[[Snopes.com]], [[High Times|High Times Magazine]], and ''[[The Straight Dope]]'' claim that in the early [[1970s]] the Waldos, a group of teenagers at [[San Rafael High School]] in [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], [[California]] used to meet every day to smoke [[marijuana]] after school at 4:20 PM at the water tower atop San Rafael Hill. The local story has these students doing radio skits with a pirate radio transmitter from the hill. One of these alleged skits was of kids getting caught smoking by the local police. They imitated the police radio call voice saying, "We have a 4:20 in progress on San Rafael Hill." The San Rafael police have asserted that there is "... no such code." These actual students, however, have never been identified individually. The time became a [[code word]] for the drug, and usage spread. 4:20 PM has since become a popular time to "smoke up". (It's also worth noting that 4:20 PM is the time of [[LSD]] creator [[Albert Hofmann]]'s first deliberate ingestion of the substance, in [[1943]] on what was later dubbed [[Bicycle Day]]; perhaps this is where the San Rafael teenagers picked up the idea.)

possible origin of the term can be found in the works of [[H. P. Lovecraft]]. A short story of his, entitled "[[In the Walls of Eryx]]" and first published in ''[[Weird Tales]]'' [34, No. 4 ([[October 1939]]), pp 50-68], contains this passage:
:I had encountered at least one of those curious mirage-plants about which so many of our men told stories. Anderson had warned me of them, and described their appearance very closely—the shaggy stalk, the spiky leaves, and the mottled blossoms whose gaseous dream-breeding exhalations penetrate every existing make of mask...Although everything was spinning perilously, I tried to start in the right direction and hack my way ahead. My route must have been far from straight, for it seemed hours before I was free of the mirage-plant's pervasive influence. Gradually the dancing lights began to disappear, and the shimmering spectral scenery began to assume the aspect of solidity. When I did get wholly clear I looked at my watch and was astonished to find that the time was only 4:20. Though eternities had seemed to pass, the whole experience could have consumed little more than a half-hour.

One piece of evidence supporting an origin of the term from the time 4:20 is the fact that the number is always said "four twenty" and not "four hundred and twenty".

In [[1955]], [[Raj Kapoor]] [[Film director|directed]] a [[film]] entitled ''[[Shree 420]]'' (''Mr. 420''), a reference to someone who has a reputation for theft and deception, since apprehensions for such crimes are usually section 420 of the Indian Penal Code.

Other theories include the following:
* Urban legend claims, incorrectly, that 420 is or was a police code for a drug bust, or that 4:20 is or was the shift change for the police.
* It was, at one time, believed that there were 420 chemicals in marijuana.
* Many mistake [[April 20]] as being the day [[Bob Marley]], a famous rastafarian musician, died. The actual date he died is [[May 11]].
* [[April 20]] is the last day on which one is supposed to plant cannabis seeds.
* [[The Beatles]] song "[[Come Together]]" and "Smokin'" by [[Boston]] are 4:20 in length.
* "D" and "T" are the 4th and 20th letters of the alphabet, respectively, and thus "DT" stands for "doobie time" ("doobie" being a slang term for a [[spliff|marijuana cigarette]]).
* At 4:20 on a hand clock, the hands line up in a downward angle giving the appearance that the face of the clock has a smoking instrument in its "mouth".
* The psychoactive chemical in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). "tetra" is Greek for 4, "hydro" for water (aka H2O); condensed together somewhat makes 420.

==Occurrences==

*The number 420 is common in classified ads describing housing or individuals which permit or encourage marijuana use ("420 OK"). This practice is common in socially progressive communities such as [[Craigslist]]. One such "Housing to share" listing, from the ''[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]]'' in 1994, read:

:Rm avail Veggie household. 420. No pets M pref

*In the movie ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'', the clocks in the pawnshop are set to 4:20. (It is often erroneously claimed that all clocks in the film are.)
*The radio show "4:20 Drug War News", a short talk segment which promotes legalization of certain drugs, and is usually aired at 4:20
*In an episode of the show ''[[Futurama (TV series)|Futurama]]'' called "The Farnsworth Parabox", an alternate universe where everyone is a [[hippie]] is numbered as Universe 420.
*The Lovecraft theory for the origin of 4:20 was first postulated on the official web-site for the rock band [[Tool (band)|Tool]].
*The California law that authorizes and regulates medical uses of marijuana was Senate Bill 420 (Chapter 875/2003, [[John Vasconcellos]]).
*The [[Bob Dylan]] song "Rainy Day Women #12 & 35" is informally known as "Everybody must get stoned" since the chorus repeats that line. 12×35=420.
*The first downbeat of the drums in the [[Led Zeppelin]] song "[[Stairway to Heaven]]" falls at 4:20.
*The second line of the first verse in the children's nursery rhyme '[[Sing a Song of Sixpence]]' goes "Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie". ('Baked' is a common euphemism for being under the influence of cannabis.)
*The [[Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young)]] song "4+20" on their 1970 ''[[Déjà Vu (album)|Déjà Vu]]'' album has the numbers in the title and begins, "Four and twenty years ago ..."
*In [[WWE]], the team of [[Rob Szatkowski|Rob Van Dam]] and [[Oscar Gutierrez|Rey Mysterio]] used a [[professional wrestling double-team maneuvers#Double leg drop|double leg drop]] termed the 420, ostensibly because of the number of legs involved (4) and the combined shoe size (Van Dam's size 12 + Mysterio's size 8 = 20).
*Grunge rock band [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]'s b-side "[[Even in His Youth]]" (on the single "[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]") is credited to be 4 minutes 20 seconds long on the single's cover. The song is really 3:06 in length.
*A popular sailing dinghy is called the [[420 (dinghy)|420]] (being 420 cm long) and is most commonly raced by adolescent and collegiate sailors.
*A [[cannabis]] [[coffeeshop]] located at Oude Brugsteeg 27 in [[Amsterdam]], [[The Netherlands]] is named the "420 cafe"
* The high school shooting at [[Columbine High School massacre|Columbine]] occurred on April 20th. However, this is often connected with the birthdate of [[Adolf Hitler]], which was also on April 20th.
* The [[Phoenix, Arizona]] [[radio station]] Edge 103.9 plays a [[Bob Marley]] track every day at 4:20, both AM and PM.
* The [[San Diego, California]] [[radio station]] 91X 91.1 plays a [[Bob Marley]] track every day at 4:20, both AM and PM, the slot is named 'Mandatory Marley'.
* In the 1938 anti-pot classic "Reefer Madness", there is a brief subliminal flash showing 4:20 with a marijuanna leaf in the backround.

== External links ==

* http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/420.htm
* http://www.phish.net/faq/420.html
* [http://www.toolband.com/news/letter/2002_04.php Origin of Lovecraft 4:20 myth]
* [http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/03-04/bill/sen/sb_0401-0450/sb_420_bill_20031012_chaptered.html California SB 420]

[[Category:Drug culture]]
[[Category:Slang expressions]]
[[Category:Famous numbers]]
[[Category:Cannabis]]

Olivos

2005-08-19T01:00:03Z

207.200.116.10:

'''Olivos''' is the capital of [Partido de Vicente Lopez)] in the province of [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]], in [[Argentina]].

Olivos is the site of the official compound where the [[President of Argentina|President of the Republic]] resides during his term when not working at the [[Casa Rosada]] (the name of this compound is ''Quinta de Olivos'').

The '''Olivos Pact''' (''Pacto de Olivos'') was a political agreement signed on [[November 1993]] between then-president [[Carlos Menem]] and former president [[Raúl Alfonsín]] (head of the main opposition party), in order to secure support for a [[Argentine constitution|constitution]]al reform allowing for the reelection of the President.

{{Argentina-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Buenos Aires Province]]
[[Category:Cities in Argentina]]
[[Category:History of Argentina]]
[[Category:Politics of Argentina]]