https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=202.75.200.19 Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de] 2025-05-11T10:03:00Z Benutzerbeiträge MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.28 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Game_(Netzkultur)&diff=63235543 The Game (Netzkultur) 2009-03-19T13:13:46Z <p>202.75.200.19: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;!-- Adding clever messages such as &quot;you just lost the game&quot; may result in the loss of your ability to edit Wikipedia --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;<br /> '''The Game''' is an ongoing [[mind game]], the objective of which is to avoid thinking about The Game itself. Thinking about The Game constitutes a loss, which, according to the rules of The Game, must then be announced. The Game is continuous, and once a player stops thinking about The Game, the player stops losing. However, while (at any given time) one can ''be winning'' The Game (by not thinking about it), one can never ''actually win'' The Game (Catch 22[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch-22_(logic)])(subject to certain variations of the rules being used - see below).{{Fact|date=March 2009}}<br /> <br /> As of 2008, The Game is played by millions worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?If_you_read_this_youve_lost_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430703&amp;in_page_id=34|title=If you read this you have lost the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nebraskan&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dailynebraskan.com/media/storage/paper857/news/2007/03/19/ArtsEntertainment/Mind-Game.Enlivens.Students.Across.U.s-2779474.shtml|title=Mind game enlivens students across U.S.|work=The Daily Nebraskan|first=Andy|last=Boyle|date=2007-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Rules ==<br /> There are three main rules to The Game:<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?If_you_read_this_youve_lost_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430703&amp;in_page_id=34|title=If you read this you have lost the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=canpress&gt;{{cite news|url=http://ca.lifestyle.yahoo.com/health-fitness/articles/fitness/cp/home_family-teens_around_the_world_are_playing_the_game_-_if_you_think_about_it_you_lose|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080117/thegame_youlose_080117|title=Teens around the world are playing 'the game'|work=[[The Canadian Press]]|date=2008-01-17|first=Shannon|last=Montgomery}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rules&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?Three_rules_of_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430704&amp;in_page_id=34|title=The three rules of the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=rutland&gt;{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MCNP&amp;p_multi=RHDB&amp;p_theme=mcnp&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=11C0ED30E5F12A50&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Don't think about the game|work=[[Rutland Herald]]|date=2007-10-03|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dailyglobe&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dglobe.com/articles/index.cfm?id=12028&amp;section=Opinion&amp;freebie_check&amp;CFID=44302018&amp;CFTOKEN=70154493&amp;jsessionid=8830ec90e35e58254a5e|title=Playing 'The Game' with the other kids|work=[[Daily Globe (Worthington)]]|first=Justine|last=Wettschreck|date=2008-05-31|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> # Everyone in the world is playing The Game. (''Sometimes narrowed to:'' &quot;Everybody in the world who knows about The Game is playing The Game,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.demorgen.be/archief/artikel.html?i=ODM5Nw==|title=The Game, het eenvoudigste spel ter wereld|work=[[De Morgen]]|first=Jeroen|last=Verelst|date=2007-03-15|page=2|language=Dutch|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; or alternatively, &quot;You are always playing The Game.&quot;)<br /> # Whenever one thinks about The Game, one loses.<br /> # Losses must be announced (a statement such as &quot;I lost The Game&quot; is often used).<br /> <br /> Variations of The Game exist. For instance, some players allow a grace period after they have lost once, during which a player cannot lose The Game again or is not obligated to announce a loss. This can range from just a few seconds to half an hour.&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot;/&gt; Another variation played by some people is that the Game ends when the British Prime Minister has said that he has lost on national television.&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.depers.nl/entertainment/269673/Nederland-gaat-nu-ook-verliezen.html|title=Nederland gaat nu ook verliezen|work=De Pers|date=2008-12-15|first=Sanne|last=Rooseboom}}&lt;/ref&gt;. No established sanctions exist for players breaking the rules of the game.<br /> <br /> == Strategies ==<br /> Some players have developed strategies for making other people lose, such as writing about The Game on hidden notes, as graffiti, and on banknotes.&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot; /&gt; The Game has been described both as pointless and infuriating, and as a challenging game that is fun to play.&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot; /&gt; The origins of The Game are unknown, although there are earlier examples of similar &quot;games&quot;, such as the [[White Bear Phenomenon]].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{commonscat|The Game (mind game)}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Game, the}}<br /> [[Category:Cognition]]<br /> [[Category:Games of mental skill]]<br /> [[Category:Internet memes]]<br /> <br /> [[cy:Y Gêm]]<br /> [[it:The Game (meme)]]<br /> [[ms:The Game (permainan minda)]]<br /> [[tr:Oyun (zeka oyunu)]]</div> 202.75.200.19 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Game_(Netzkultur)&diff=63235542 The Game (Netzkultur) 2009-03-19T13:06:33Z <p>202.75.200.19: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;!-- Adding clever messages such as &quot;you just lost the game&quot; may result in the loss of your ability to edit Wikipedia --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;<br /> '''The Game''' is an ongoing [[mind game]], the objective of which is to avoid thinking about The Game itself. Thinking about The Game constitutes a loss, which, according to the rules of The Game, must then be announced. The Game is continuous, and once a player stops thinking about The Game, the player stops losing. However, while (at any given time) one can ''be winning'' The Game (by not thinking about it), one can never ''actually win'' The Game (Catch 22)(subject to certain variations of the rules being used - see below).{{Fact|date=March 2009}}<br /> <br /> As of 2008, The Game is played by millions worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?If_you_read_this_youve_lost_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430703&amp;in_page_id=34|title=If you read this you have lost the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nebraskan&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dailynebraskan.com/media/storage/paper857/news/2007/03/19/ArtsEntertainment/Mind-Game.Enlivens.Students.Across.U.s-2779474.shtml|title=Mind game enlivens students across U.S.|work=The Daily Nebraskan|first=Andy|last=Boyle|date=2007-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Rules ==<br /> There are three main rules to The Game:<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?If_you_read_this_youve_lost_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430703&amp;in_page_id=34|title=If you read this you have lost the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=canpress&gt;{{cite news|url=http://ca.lifestyle.yahoo.com/health-fitness/articles/fitness/cp/home_family-teens_around_the_world_are_playing_the_game_-_if_you_think_about_it_you_lose|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080117/thegame_youlose_080117|title=Teens around the world are playing 'the game'|work=[[The Canadian Press]]|date=2008-01-17|first=Shannon|last=Montgomery}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rules&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?Three_rules_of_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430704&amp;in_page_id=34|title=The three rules of the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=rutland&gt;{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MCNP&amp;p_multi=RHDB&amp;p_theme=mcnp&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=11C0ED30E5F12A50&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Don't think about the game|work=[[Rutland Herald]]|date=2007-10-03|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dailyglobe&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dglobe.com/articles/index.cfm?id=12028&amp;section=Opinion&amp;freebie_check&amp;CFID=44302018&amp;CFTOKEN=70154493&amp;jsessionid=8830ec90e35e58254a5e|title=Playing 'The Game' with the other kids|work=[[Daily Globe (Worthington)]]|first=Justine|last=Wettschreck|date=2008-05-31|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> # Everyone in the world is playing The Game. (''Sometimes narrowed to:'' &quot;Everybody in the world who knows about The Game is playing The Game,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.demorgen.be/archief/artikel.html?i=ODM5Nw==|title=The Game, het eenvoudigste spel ter wereld|work=[[De Morgen]]|first=Jeroen|last=Verelst|date=2007-03-15|page=2|language=Dutch|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; or alternatively, &quot;You are always playing The Game.&quot;)<br /> # Whenever one thinks about The Game, one loses.<br /> # Losses must be announced (a statement such as &quot;I lost The Game&quot; is often used).<br /> <br /> Variations of The Game exist. For instance, some players allow a grace period after they have lost once, during which a player cannot lose The Game again or is not obligated to announce a loss. This can range from just a few seconds to half an hour.&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot;/&gt; Another variation played by some people is that the Game ends when the British Prime Minister has said that he has lost on national television.&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.depers.nl/entertainment/269673/Nederland-gaat-nu-ook-verliezen.html|title=Nederland gaat nu ook verliezen|work=De Pers|date=2008-12-15|first=Sanne|last=Rooseboom}}&lt;/ref&gt;. No established sanctions exist for players breaking the rules of the game.<br /> <br /> == Strategies ==<br /> Some players have developed strategies for making other people lose, such as writing about The Game on hidden notes, as graffiti, and on banknotes.&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot; /&gt; The Game has been described both as pointless and infuriating, and as a challenging game that is fun to play.&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot; /&gt; The origins of The Game are unknown, although there are earlier examples of similar &quot;games&quot;, such as the [[White Bear Phenomenon]].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{commonscat|The Game (mind game)}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Game, the}}<br /> [[Category:Cognition]]<br /> [[Category:Games of mental skill]]<br /> [[Category:Internet memes]]<br /> <br /> [[cy:Y Gêm]]<br /> [[it:The Game (meme)]]<br /> [[ms:The Game (permainan minda)]]<br /> [[tr:Oyun (zeka oyunu)]]</div> 202.75.200.19 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Game_(Netzkultur)&diff=63235540 The Game (Netzkultur) 2009-03-19T13:02:57Z <p>202.75.200.19: </p> <hr /> <div>&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;!-- Adding clever messages such as &quot;you just lost the game&quot; may result in the loss of your ability to edit Wikipedia --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;<br /> '''The Game''' is an ongoing [[mind game]], the objective of which is to avoid thinking about The Game itself. Thinking about The Game constitutes a loss, which, according to the rules of The Game, must then be announced. The Game is continuous, and once a player stops thinking about The Game, the player stops losing. However, while (at any given time) one can ''be winning'' The Game (by not thinking about it), one can never ''actually win'' The Game (Catch 22!!!)(subject to certain variations of the rules being used - see below).{{Fact|date=March 2009}}<br /> <br /> As of 2008, The Game is played by millions worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?If_you_read_this_youve_lost_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430703&amp;in_page_id=34|title=If you read this you have lost the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nebraskan&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://media.www.dailynebraskan.com/media/storage/paper857/news/2007/03/19/ArtsEntertainment/Mind-Game.Enlivens.Students.Across.U.s-2779474.shtml|title=Mind game enlivens students across U.S.|work=The Daily Nebraskan|first=Andy|last=Boyle|date=2007-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Rules ==<br /> There are three main rules to The Game:<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?If_you_read_this_youve_lost_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430703&amp;in_page_id=34|title=If you read this you have lost the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=canpress&gt;{{cite news|url=http://ca.lifestyle.yahoo.com/health-fitness/articles/fitness/cp/home_family-teens_around_the_world_are_playing_the_game_-_if_you_think_about_it_you_lose|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080117/thegame_youlose_080117|title=Teens around the world are playing 'the game'|work=[[The Canadian Press]]|date=2008-01-17|first=Shannon|last=Montgomery}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Rules&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?Three_rules_of_The_Game&amp;in_article_id=430704&amp;in_page_id=34|title=The three rules of the game|work=The Metro|date=2008-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=rutland&gt;{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MCNP&amp;p_multi=RHDB&amp;p_theme=mcnp&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=11C0ED30E5F12A50&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Don't think about the game|work=[[Rutland Herald]]|date=2007-10-03|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=dailyglobe&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.dglobe.com/articles/index.cfm?id=12028&amp;section=Opinion&amp;freebie_check&amp;CFID=44302018&amp;CFTOKEN=70154493&amp;jsessionid=8830ec90e35e58254a5e|title=Playing 'The Game' with the other kids|work=[[Daily Globe (Worthington)]]|first=Justine|last=Wettschreck|date=2008-05-31|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> # Everyone in the world is playing The Game. (''Sometimes narrowed to:'' &quot;Everybody in the world who knows about The Game is playing The Game,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.demorgen.be/archief/artikel.html?i=ODM5Nw==|title=The Game, het eenvoudigste spel ter wereld|work=[[De Morgen]]|first=Jeroen|last=Verelst|date=2007-03-15|page=2|language=Dutch|format=Subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; or alternatively, &quot;You are always playing The Game.&quot;)<br /> # Whenever one thinks about The Game, one loses.<br /> # Losses must be announced (a statement such as &quot;I lost The Game&quot; is often used).<br /> <br /> Variations of The Game exist. For instance, some players allow a grace period after they have lost once, during which a player cannot lose The Game again or is not obligated to announce a loss. This can range from just a few seconds to half an hour.&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot;/&gt; Another variation played by some people is that the Game ends when the British Prime Minister has said that he has lost on national television.&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.depers.nl/entertainment/269673/Nederland-gaat-nu-ook-verliezen.html|title=Nederland gaat nu ook verliezen|work=De Pers|date=2008-12-15|first=Sanne|last=Rooseboom}}&lt;/ref&gt;. No established sanctions exist for players breaking the rules of the game.<br /> <br /> == Strategies ==<br /> Some players have developed strategies for making other people lose, such as writing about The Game on hidden notes, as graffiti, and on banknotes.&lt;ref name=&quot;demorgen&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;depers&quot; /&gt; The Game has been described both as pointless and infuriating, and as a challenging game that is fun to play.&lt;ref name=&quot;canpress&quot; /&gt; The origins of The Game are unknown, although there are earlier examples of similar &quot;games&quot;, such as the [[White Bear Phenomenon]].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{commonscat|The Game (mind game)}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Game, the}}<br /> [[Category:Cognition]]<br /> [[Category:Games of mental skill]]<br /> [[Category:Internet memes]]<br /> <br /> [[cy:Y Gêm]]<br /> [[it:The Game (meme)]]<br /> [[ms:The Game (permainan minda)]]<br /> [[tr:Oyun (zeka oyunu)]]</div> 202.75.200.19 https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attock&diff=183242719 Attock 2008-03-14T11:20:22Z <p>202.75.200.19: /* Mughal, Maratha, Afghan and Sikh rule */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox City<br /> |official_name = City of Attock<br /> |nickname = <br /> |motto = <br /> |image_skyline = <br /> |image_flag = <br /> |flag_link = <br /> |flag_size = <br /> |image_shield = <br /> |shield_link = <br /> |shield_size = <br /> |image_map = <br /> |map_caption = <br /> |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]<br /> |subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]<br /> |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]]<br /> |subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]<br /> |leader_title1 = Founded By<br /> |leader_name1 = Sir Campbell<br /> |leader_title2 = Awan Khan of Attock<br /> |leader_name2 = <br /> |established_title = Established<br /> |established_date = [[1904]]<br /> |established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]<br /> |established_date2 = [[1978]]<br /> |area_magnitude =<br /> |unit_pref = Metric<br /> |area_magnitude =<br /> |area_total_km2 = 6857<br /> |area_metro_km2 = <br /> |area_urban_km2 = <br /> |elevation_m = 266<br /> |population_note =<br /> |population_as_of = 2006<br /> |population_total = 1,274,935<br /> |population_density_km2 = <br /> |population_urban = 260,724<br /> |population_metro = 1,014,211<br /> |population_blank1_title= <br /> |population_blank1 = <br /> |population_footnotes =<br /> |timezone = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]<br /> |utc_offset = +5<br /> |postal_code_type = Postal code span<br /> |postal_code = [[List of Postal Codes of Pakistan|43600]]<br /> |area_code = 0597 <br /> |website = http://www.attocknews.com<br /> |latd=33 |latm=46 |lats= |latNS=N<br /> |longd=72 |longm=22 |longs= |longEW=E<br /> }}<br /> [[Image:Attock Fort.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Akbar's Fort at Attock]]<br /> '''Attock''' ([[Urdu]]: '''اٹک''') is a city located in the northern border of the [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] province of [[Pakistan]], and also a border district on the river [[Indus]]. The district is named after Attock Kurdh, the ancient town of the same name. It lies at the end of a natural corridor formed by the [[Kabul River]] where it flows into the [[Indus]]. Historically and strategically, Attock is considered the gateway to [[Central Asia]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://pakistaniat.com/2007/01/24/kabul-river-pakistan-attock/ Adil Najam, &quot;When Kabul comes to Attock&quot;, Pervaiz Munir Alvi, Travel &amp; Tourism, History and Economy &amp; Development]&lt;/ref&gt;. The city lies on the bank of the [[River Indus]]. It is just 80 km from [[Rawalpindi]] and 100 km from [[Peshawar]], and 10 km from the [[Pakistan Aeronautical Complex]], [[Kamra]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography and Climate==<br /> <br /> Attock is located at '''33° 46' 20N''' Latitude and '''72° 22' 6E''' Longitude. It has an altitude of 348 metres (1145 feet). The average annual rainfall in the district is 783mm (30.83 inches).&lt;reF&gt;[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/4/Attock_City.html Falling Rain Genomics - Attock City]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Attock District has a climate with very hot summers and very cold winters. The maximum temperature reaches 40°C. The northern part is more humid with a relatively moderate climate as compared to the southern part. <br /> <br /> The river [[Indus]] flows on the western and northern sides of the district; the [[Haro River]] comes from [[Haripur District|Haripur]] and passes through the Attock tehsil on the north of the [[Kala Chitta Range]]. The land is mainly hills, plateaus, and dissected plains. The area north of the [[Haro River]] is a [[flood plain]] with fertile soil.<br /> <br /> ==Population==<br /> The once vibrant [[Urdu]] speaking population of this city has declined gradually and now only a few hundred native speakers of [[Urdu]] reside here{{Fact|date=August 2007}}. Attock has a population of more than one million people.{{Fact|date=January 2008}}<br /> <br /> ==Administration==<br /> The city of Attock, as well as being district capital, is also the administrative centre of [[Attock Tehsil]], the city is subdivided into 3 [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union Councils]], these are:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=2&amp;dn=Attock Tehsils &amp; Unions in the District of Attock]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *Chhoi (ATTOCK-III)<br /> *Civil Bazar (ATTOCK-II)<br /> *Meharpura (ATTOCK-I)<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> ===Ancient history===<br /> <br /> Attock Khurd (the old city) has a rich history. The great mathematician and grammarian [[Pāṇini]] (पाणिन), who wrote Aṣṭādhyāyī, the oldest surviving [[Sanskrit]] [[grammar]], was born near Attock in Shalātura, modern Lahur, on the right bank of [[Indus River]] in the ancient [[Kamboja]]n/[[Gandhara]]n territory in 520 [[B.C.E.]]. In those days Attock was located on the high road, the [[Uttarapatha]], the principal route of international commerce and communication between Persia and China. <br /> <br /> Attock then finds its name in the history books dating to the rule of [[Chandragupta]]'s grandson [[Ashoka]], the [[Buddhist]] Emperor of upper India, who had converted to the Buddhist faith. In the [[Edicts of Ashoka]], set in stone, some of them written in Greek, it is declared that Greek populations within his realm also had converted to Buddhism:<br /> <br /> :&quot;Here in the king's domain among the Greeks, the Kambojas, the Nabhakas, the Nabhapamkits, the Bhojas, the Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas, everywhere people are following Beloved-of-the-Gods' instructions in Dharma.&quot;<br /> ::—Rock Edict Nb13 (S. Dhammika).<br /> <br /> In the spring of 326 [[B.C.E.]] [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III of Macedon]] passed into the Punjab (at Ohind, 16 m. above Attock), using a bridge over the [[Indus]] constructed by [[Perdiccas]] and [[Hephaestion]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Alexander_the_Great M. A. Foucher, ''Notes sur la géographie ancienne du Gandhara (commentaire a un chapitre de Hiuen-tsang&quot;, ''Bulletin de l´École Française d´Extrême-Orient,'' I, No. 4 (Oct., 1901), pp. 322-369; cited, ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 1911.]&lt;/ref&gt;. The region became part of the Kingdom of Ederatides the Greek or [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]], who extended his power over western Punjab. The Indo-Greek kings held the country after him (until about 80 [[B.C.E.]]) until its invasion by the [[Indo-scythians]]. <br /> <br /> When the Chinese pilgrim [[Hiuen Tsang]] visited the district in 630 [[Common Era|C.E.]] and again in 643 [[Common Era|C.E.]], Buddhism was rapidly declining. The [[Brahman]] revival, to which India owes its present form of Hinduism, had already set in the early years of the [[fifth century]], and must have been at its height in the days of Hiuen Tsang. From that time the light afforded by the records of the Chinese pilgrims fades. <br /> <br /> The country was under the dominion of the Hindu kings of [[Kashmir]], and remained so till the end of the [[9th century]]. After that, the district became part of the Kingdom of the rulers of [[Kabul]], Samanta Deva and his successors (more accurately designated as the &quot;Hindu [[Shahi]]s of Kabul&quot;), who remained in possession till the times of [[Mahmud Ghaznavi]]. With the passage of time, the [[Gakhars]] became strong in the hills to the east, but their dominion never extended beyond the [[Margalla Hills|Margalla pass]] and the Khari Moorat.<br /> <br /> ===Mughal, Maratha, Afghan and Sikh rule===<br /> [[Akbar the Great]] built '''Attock Fort''' from [[1581]] - [[1583]] under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi to protect the passage of the Indus. She was occupied by [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] led by Peshwas[Prime Ministers of Maratha Rulers,based in Pune] between 1751-1760.Cousine of then Peshwa Balaji Bajirao named Raghunathrao had won Attok. It saw countless battles and skirmishes between the [[Sikhs]] and the [[Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghans]] in later years. When [[Ranjit Singh]] sought to include the [[Sikh]] states south of the [[Sutlej]] within his jurisdiction, in [[1808]] the heads of these states sought and obtained the protection of the British, whose territories had now extended to their neighbourhood. The British sought alliances with Lahore as well as with Kabul, for protection against supposed [[France|French]] designs on India. A British envoy, [[Charles Metcalfe]], was received by Ranjit at [[Kasur]] in [[1809]] and the alliance was formed. In [[1813]] [[Ranjit Singh]] secured Attock Fort as well as the [[Koh-i-Noor diamond]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Punjab ''Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911,'' &quot;Punjab&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt;, consolidating his control over the [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<br /> <br /> ===British rule===<br /> Attock District was constituted in 1904. The district was named Campbellpur (Campbell town) - after Sir Campbell who laid the foundation stone of Campbellpur City in [[1908]] a few kilometres south-east of old Attock Khurd town. In 1857 at the village of Gheb 143 people were killed during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<br /> <br /> ===After independence===<br /> Although Pakistan had become independent from Britain in 1947 it wasn't until 1978 that the name Attock was adopted for the city.<br /> <br /> Attock's first oil well was drilled in Khore in 1946. It has an oil and gas field Dakhini near Jand. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} One-third of Pakistan's oil is produced .Many companies have come to Pakistan and visited different sites to search for oil and gas. here&lt;ref&gt;[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ATTOCK/ Attock District Home Page]&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Attock District]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> * {{wikitravelpar|Attock}}<br /> <br /> {{1911}}<br /> {{coor title dms|33|54|26|N|72|18|40|E|region:PK_type:city}}<br /> {{PakistanTopics}}<br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Punjab (Pakistan)]]<br /> [[Category:Pre-Islamic heritage of Pakistan]]<br /> <br /> [[cy:Attock]]<br /> [[hi:अटक]]<br /> [[lt:Atokas]]<br /> [[pt:Attock]]<br /> [[sv:Attock]]<br /> [[ur:اٹک]]</div> 202.75.200.19