Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Benutzer:Cοlin/Tod von Diana, Princess of Wales

2006-04-20T01:57:53Z

199.111.230.195: /*References*/ unreferenced

[[Image:diana.flamme.500pix.jpg|thumb|200px|The Flame of Liberty, which sits above the entrance to the Paris tunnel in which Diana died. The public fly-posted the base with commemorative material for several years. This material has since been removed by the French authorities.]]
On [[31 August]] [[1997]] Diana was involved in a [[road traffic collision|car accident]] in the Pont de l'Alma road [[tunnel]] in [[Paris]], along with her friend and lover [[Dodi Fayed]], and their driver [[Henri Paul]]. Fayed's [[bodyguard]] [[Trevor Rees-Jones]] is the only person who survived the wreckage.
== Circumstances ==
Late in the evening of Saturday [[30 August]], Diana and Fayed departed the [[Hôtel Ritz Paris|Hôtel Ritz]] in [[Place Vendome]], [[Paris]], and sped along the north bank of the [[Seine]]. Shortly after midnight on [[31 August]], their [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class|Mercedes-Benz S 600]] entered the underpass below the Place de l'Alma, travelling at high speed and pursued by nine French photographers in various vehicles and a [[motorcycle]] [[courier]].

At the entrance to the tunnel, their car struck a glancing blow to the right-hand wall. It swerved to the left of the two-lane carriageway and collided head-on with the thirteenth pillar supporting the roof, then spun to a stop.

As the casualties lay seriously injured in their wrecked car, the photographers continued to take pictures.

[[Dodi Fayed]] and [[Henri Paul]] were both declared dead at the scene of the crash. [[Trevor Rees-Jones]] was severely injured, but later recovered. Diana was freed, alive, from the wreckage, and after some delay due to attempts to stabilize her at the scene, she was taken by [[ambulance]] to [[Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital]], arriving there shortly after 2:00 a.m. [http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0316051diana3.html]. Despite attempts to save her, her internal injuries were too extensive. Two hours later, at 4:00 that morning, the [[doctors]] pronounced her dead. At 5:30, her death was announced at a press conference held by a hospital doctor, [[Jean-Pierre Chevènement]] (France's Interior Minister) and Sir [[Michael Jay]] (Britain's ambassador to France).

Later that morning, Chevenement, together with [[Lionel Jospin]], the [[Prime Minister of France|French Prime Minister]], [[Bernadette Chirac]], the wife of the [[President of France|French President]] [[Jacques Chirac]], and [[Bernard Kouchner]], French Health Minister, visited the hospital room where Diana's body lay and paid their last respects. After their visits, the Anglican [[Archdeacon]] of France, Father [[Martin Draper]], said commendatory prayers from the [[Book of Common Prayer]].

At around 2:00 p.m. the Prince of Wales and Diana's two sisters, Lady Sarah McCorquodale and Lady Jane Fellowes, arrived in Paris to collect Diana's body. They left with her body 90 minutes later.

== Subsequent events ==
Initial media reports stated Diana's car had collided with the pillar at over 190 [[km/h]] (120 [[Miles per hour|mph]]), and that the [[speedometer]]'s [[Needle#Instrumentation|needle]] had jammed at that position. It was later announced the car's actual speed on collision was about 95-110 km/h (60-70 mph), and that the speedometer had no needle as it was [[digital]] (which conflicts with the list of available equipment and features of the W140 Mercedes-Benz S-Class, which used a computer-controlled [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/analogue analogue] speedometer, with no digital readout for speed). The car was certainly travelling much faster than the legal [[speed limit]] of 50 km/h (30 mph), and faster than was prudent for the Alma underpass. In [[1999]] a French investigation concluded the Mercedes had come into contact with another vehicle (a white [[Fiat Uno]]) in the tunnel. The driver of that vehicle has never come forward, and the vehicle itself has not been found.

The investigators concluded that the crash was an accident brought on by an [[drunkenness|intoxicated]] driver attempting to elude pursuing [[paparazzi]] at high speed.

In November 2003, Christian Martinez and Fabrice Chassery, the photographers who took photos of the casualties after the crash, and Jacques Langevin, who took photos as the couple left the Ritz Hotel, were cleared of breaching French privacy laws [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1095715,00.html]

On [[6 January]] [[2004]], seven years after her death, an [[inquest]] into the deaths of Diana and Dodi Al Fayed opened in London held by [[Michael Burgess]], the coroner of [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|The Queen]]'s Household. The coroner asked the [[Metropolitan Police Commissioner]], Sir John Stephens (now Lord Stephens of Kirkwhelpington), to make inquiries, in response to speculation (see below) that the deaths were not an accident. The Metropolitan Police team (operation name 'Paget') has yet to report its findings.

== Conspiracy theories ==
Although the official investigation found Diana had died as a result of an accident, there are a significant number of [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] that she was [[assassination|assassinated]].

The French investigators' conclusion that Henri Paul was drunk was made largely on the basis of an analysis of [[blood]] samples, which were stated to contain an [[ethanol|alcohol]] level that (according to Jay's September 1997 report) was three times the legal limit. This initial analysis was challenged by a British pathologist hired by the Fayeds; in response, French authorities carried out a third test, this time using the medically more conclusive fluid from the [[sclera]] (white of the eye), which confirmed the level of alcohol measured by blood and also showed Paul had been taking [[antidepressants]]. [http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0316051diana6.html].

The samples were also said to contain a level of [[carbon monoxide]] sufficiently high as to have prevented him from driving a car (or even from standing). Some maintain this strongly indicates the samples were tampered with. No official [[DNA]] test has been carried out on the samples, and Henri Paul's family has not been allowed to commission independent tests on them.

The families of Dodi Fayed and Henri Paul have not accepted the French investigators' findings. In the [[Scotland|Scottish]] courts, [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]] applied for an order directing there be a public inquiry and is to appeal against the denial of his application. Fayed, for his part, stands by his belief that the Princess and his son were killed in an elaborate [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy]] launched by the [[Secret Intelligence Service|SIS]] ([[MI6]]) on the orders of the "[[racist]]" [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]. This was apparently based on the grounds that the Duke abhorred the idea of his grandsons potentially having [[Muslim]] or half-[[Arab]] siblings.

Other motivations which have been advanced for [[murder in English law|murder]] include suggestions Diana intended to convert to [[Islam]], and that she was pregnant with Dodi's child. In [[January 2004]], the former [[coroner]] of The Queen's Household, Dr. John Burton, said (in an interview with ''[[The Times]]'') that he attended a [[autopsy|post-mortem]] examination of the Princess's body at [[Fulham]] [[mortuary]], where he personally examined her [[womb]] and found her not to be pregnant.

Later in [[2004]], US TV network [[CBS]] showed pictures of the crash scene showing an intact rear side and an intact centre section of the Mercedes, including one of an unbloodied Diana with no outward injuries, crouched on the rear floor of the vehicle with her back to the right passenger seat — the right rear car door is completely opened. The release of these pictures caused uproar in the UK, where it was widely felt that the privacy of the Princess was being infringed, and spurred another lawsuit by Mohammed Al-Fayed.

Rumours and conspiracies theories aside, it is clear that Diana, Dodi and Henri were not wearing [[seat belts]] when the car crashed. Rees-Jones, the only survivor, had his seat belt on. Also, the underpass at the Place de l'Alma is known as an accident black spot; it is on a stretch of high-speed road but only has limited visibility ahead in places; and there are square-shaped pillars in the central reservation which could lead to collisions.

The British tabloid, the [[Daily Express]], has a disposition for printing articles relating to these conspiracies every week, leading to some sections of the British public dubbing this as 'Diana Monday'.

== Funeral and public reaction ==
[[Image:Diana's funeral.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Diana's coffin borne through the streets of London]]
Diana's death was greeted with extraordinary public grief, and her [[funeral]] at [[Westminster Abbey]] on [[6 September]] drew an estimated 3 million [http://www.londonnet.co.uk/ln/talk/news/diheadlines_previous1.html] mourners in London, as well as worldwide [[television]] coverage, which overshadowed news of the death of [[Mother Theresa of Calcutta]].

More than one million bouquets were left at her [[London]] home, [[Kensington Palace]], while at her family's [[Estate (house)|estate]] of [[Althorp]] the public was asked to stop bringing flowers, as the volume of people and [[flowers]] in the surrounding roads was causing a threat to public safety.

The reaction of the Royal Family to the death of Diana caused unprecedented resentment and outcry. The Royal Family's rigid adherence to [[Protocol (diplomacy)|protocol]] was intepreted by the public as a lack of compassion: the refusal of Buckingham Palace to fly the [[Union Flag]] at [[half mast]] provoked angry headlines in newspapers. "Where is our Queen? Where is our Flag?" asked ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|The Sun]]''. The Queen, who returned to London from [[Balmoral Castle|Balmoral]], agreed to a television broadcast to the nation. At the urging of [[Downing Street]], what was to be a recorded piece became a live broadcast, and the script was revised by [[Alastair Campbell]] to be more "human".

Mourners cast flowers at the funeral procession for almost the entire length of its journey before and after the service, and vehicles even stopped on the opposite carriageway of the [[M1 motorway|M1]] as the cars passed on the route to Althorp. Outside Westminster Abbey crowds cheered the dozens of celebrities who filed inside, including singer [[Elton John|Sir Elton John]] (who performed a re-written version of his song ''[[Candle in the Wind 1997|Candle in the Wind]]''). The service was televised live throughout the world, and [[loudspeakers]] were placed outside so the crowds could hear the proceedings. Tradition was defied when the guests applauded the speech by Diana's brother, [[Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer|Lord Spencer]], who strongly criticised the press and indirectly criticised the [[British Royal Family|Royal Family]] for their treatment of her [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/325163.stm], although Lord Spencer himself had years earlier refused Diana permission to use a cottage at [[Althorp]] as a sanctuary due to his fears about press intrusion into his family home.
[[Image:Diana coa.png|thumb|right|200px|Arms of HRH, The Princess of Wales during her marriage]]
In the midst of this "public outpouring of grief" many commentators and members of the public found themselves nonplussed by what they considered to be mawkish, sentimental and self-indulgent displays of insincere emotion. The writer [[Francis Wheen]] recalls: On that Sunday afternoon I was telephoned by a neighbour, a ferociously conservative columnist on the [[Daily Mail]]: “I can’t bear much more of this. Fancy a drink in the pub?” Disgust was also aroused through what was perceived by many as a hypocritical turnaround on the part of many sectors of the media, in particular the tabloid press, who had abruptly shifted from the portrayal of Diana as a promiscuous, manipulative bimbo to the depiction of Diana as a saintly martyr. When the satirical magazine [[Private Eye]] issued a mock editorial consisting of a retraction of previous negative statements made against Diana, the magazine found itself subjected to heavy criticism from the press and was temporarily removed from the shelves of WH Smith and other newsagents. Defenders of the magazine argued that the parody had been directed towards the attitude of the media, and not the death in itself; the episode was seen by many to be indicative of a pervasive self-righteous and bullying mentality.
[[Image:Diana Spencer coa.png|thumb|right|200px|Arms of Diana, Princess of Wales after her divorce]]

Diana, Princess of Wales is buried at Althorp in [[Northamptonshire]] on an [[island]] in the middle of a [[lake]] called the Round Oval. A visitors' centre is open during summer months, allowing visitors to see an exhibition about her and walk around the lake [http://www.althorp.com/visiting-althorp/index.asp].

During the four weeks following her [[funeral]], the overall [[suicide]] rate in [[England]] and [[Wales]] rose by 17%, compared with the average reported for that period in the four previous years. Researchers suggest that this was caused by the "identification" effect, as the greatest increase in [[copycat suicide|suicides was by people most similar to Diana]]: women aged 25 to 44, whose suicide rate increased by over 45% [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/177/5/463?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=diana&searchid=1092819759865_421&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance].

In the years after her death, interest in the life of Diana has remained high, especially in the United States of America. Numerous [[manufacturers]] of collectables continue to produce Diana [[merchandise]]. Such items have drawn strong derision from certain quarters for their alleged [[kitsch]] value. Some even suggested making Diana a [[saint]], stirring much controversy.

As a temporary [[memorial]], the public co-opted the ''Flamme de Liberté'' ([[Flame of Liberty]]), a [[monument]] near the Alma Tunnel, and related to the [[France|French]] donation of the [[Statue of Liberty]] to the [[United States]]. The messages of condolence have since been removed, and its use as a Diana memorial has discontinued, though visitors visit and still leave messages at the site in her memory. The [[concrete]] wall at the edge of the tunnel is still used as an impromptu memorial for people to write their thoughts and feelings about Diana. A permanent memorial, the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain]] was opened in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] in [[London]] on [[6 July]] [[2004]], but it has been plagued
with problems and has been declared off-limits to the public at least twice for repairs.

In 1999, a little more than a year after her death, the journalist [[Christopher Hitchens]] made a comment about her while on a cruise ship. He stated that Diana "has in common with a minefield the following: relatively easy to lay but extremely difficult, expensive, and dangerous to get rid of." When there was a backlash concerning his quip he said he thought, "it was funny."

Diana was ranked third in the ([[2002]]) ''[[100 Greatest Britons|Great Britons]]'' poll sponsored by the [[BBC]] and voted for by the British public. In this poll, she was ranked just above [[Charles Darwin]] (4th), who changed the course of history through his theory of natural selection, [[William Shakespeare]] (5th), regarded by many as the greatest writer in the English language, and [[Isaac Newton]] (6th), widely held to be the most influential scientist in the history of humanity.

In [[2003]], [[Marvel Comics]] announced it was to publish a five-part series entitled ''Di Another Day'' (a reference to the [[James Bond]] film ''[[Die Another Day]]'') featuring a resurrected Diana, Princess of Wales as a [[mutant (fictional)|mutant]] with [[superpower]]s, as part of [[Peter Milligan]]'s [[satire|satirical]] ''[[X-Statix]]'' title. Amidst considerable outcry, the idea was quickly dropped. [[Heliograph Incorporated]] produced a roleplaying game, ''[[Diana: Warrior Princess]]'' by [[Marcus L. Rowland]] about a fictionalised version of the twentieth century as it might be seen a thousand years from now.

After her death, the actor [[Kevin Costner]], who had been introduced to the Princess by her former sister-in-law, [[Sarah, Duchess of York]] claimed he had been in negotiations with the divorced Princess to co-star in a sequel to the thriller film ''[[The Bodyguard]]'', which starred Costner and [[Whitney Houston]]. Buckingham Palace dismissed Costner's claims as unfounded.

Actor [[George Clooney]] publicly lambasted several tabloids and paparazzi agencies following Diana's death. A few of the tabloids [[boycott|boycotted]] Clooney following the outburst, stating that he "owed a fair portion of his celebrity" to the tabloids and photo agencies in question.

== References ==
{{unreferenced}}

Benutzer:Cοlin/Tod von Diana, Princess of Wales

2006-04-20T01:57:15Z

199.111.230.195: style

Shih Ming-teh

2006-04-17T23:45:27Z

199.111.230.195: style & avoid redirect

'''Shih Ming-teh''' (施明德; [[pinyin]]: Shī Míngdé; born [[January 15]], [[1941]] in [[Kaohsiung]]) is a former [[political prisoner]] and politician in the [[Republic of China]] on [[Taiwan]].

First arrested at the age of 21 in [[1962]] and charged with creating the "Taiwan Independence League" (a high school discussion club) with the intention of overthrowing the [[Kuomintang]] government, Shih was sentenced to [[life imprisonment]] in 1964. The sentence was commuted to 15 years in 1975, and Shih was transferred from [[Taiyuan prison]] to a rehabilitation centre.

Shih was finally released in on [[June 16]], [[1977]]. He promptly joined the [[Tangwai]] opposition movement, became a reporter for the [[Liberty Times]] and married the American researcher [[Linda Gail Arrigo|Linda Arrigo]]. After playing a part in the organizing the [[December 10]], [[1979]] pro-democracy rally subsequently known as the [[Kaohsiung Incident]], an arrest warrant was issued charging Shih with [[treason]], and following 26 days on the run he was again arrested and sentenced to life in prison.

But Shih's fame had grown, and this time his arrest had attracted worldwide attention. Shih undertook a series of [[hunger strike]]s and demanded [[human rights]] and the freedom of all political prisoners. In July 1987, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] lifted [[martial law]] and offered an [[amnesty]] to Shih, but he refused to accept it until he finally agreed that his conditions had been met, on [[May 20]], [[1990]]. In total, he spent 25 years in prison, 13 years in [[solitary confinement]] and over 4 years on hunger strike.

In 1992 Shih Ming-teh was elected to the [[Legislative Yuan]] to represent [[Tainan County]], a post he held until 2000. Shih was also the chairman of the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] from 1993 to 1996. Shih had a falling out with his party, which he felt was leaning too much toward [[Taiwan independence]] and was seriously considered to be the KMT nominee for mayor of Kaohsiung in 2002. Since 2002, Shih has become increasing critical of the DPP and has grown closer to the [[pan-blue coalition]] although not actually joining it.

Shih ran in the [[ROC legislative election, 2004|December 2004 legislative election]] as an independent in the Taipei City North constituency, but like fellow candidate and DPP Chairman turned Pan-Blue supporter [[Hsu Hsin-liang]], he narrowly lost the race in the highly contested district.

== See also ==
*[[Politics of the Republic of China]]

[[Category:1941 births|Shih Ming-teh]]
[[Category:Politicians of the Republic of China]]
[[Category:Living people]]

[[ja:施明徳]]
[[zh:施明德]]

Perfektes Verbrechen

2006-04-09T17:23:00Z

199.111.230.195: article is of reasonable length and pretty informative - not a stub

A '''perfect crime''' is a [[crime]] committed so carefully that no [[evidence]] is apparent, and the culprit cannot be traced.

Since evidence must be matched to find the culprit, the best way to commit a perfect crime appears to be one outside the circle of suspects that police can question. In practice, however, those who commit serious crimes are usually linked to the victim in some way, and the police know from experience which people to question. A crime based on a chance meeting, such as a rape followed by murder or a mugging, can go undetected if no connection remains. A rapist will, however, most likely leave his [[DNA]] in the form of [[semen]] and sustain minor injuries that might betray him. A mugger will take the belongings of his victim which can give him away. Moreover, the police will have the fingerprints and DNA of convicted felons on file. Many successful criminals spend stolen money too freely, or brag about their crime.

Thus a murder committed by somebody who had never before met the victim, has no criminal record, steals nothing and doesn't tell anyone might easily be a perfect crime, but it might be apparently motiveless.

The case of [[Leopold and Loeb]] is an [[United States|American]] case that was ''almost'' a perfect crime, but they overlooked one small detail, and both perpetrators landed in prison.

Would-be ''perfect crimes'' are a popular subject in [[crime fiction]] and [[movies]]. They include ''[[Double Indemnity]]'', ''[[Strangers on a Train]]'', ''[[The Postman Always Rings Twice]]'', ''[[Witness for the Prosecution]]'', and ''[[Dial M for Murder]]''.

No doubt many perfect crimes may have been committed and remain undiscovered. It should also be noted that police are fallible, and some crimes might have been solved if the police had better resources at their disposal or had not overlooked vital evidence. In the well-known case of [[Jack the Ripper]], plenty of evidence was left at the crime scenes, but the crimes were never solved.

Some crimes such as the [[Zodiac Killer|Zodiac murders]] of the late [[1960s]], the [[Tylenol scare]] of 1982, and the [[Diane Suzuki]] case of 1985 are referred to as perfect, but the possibility always remains that a culprit will ultimately be identified.

[[Category:Criminology]] [[Category:Crimes]]

Eluanbi

2006-03-29T05:49:17Z

199.111.230.195: /* History */ rm excessive links and link "Japan" to a more specific "Empire of Japan"

[[Image:Eluanbi.jpg|frame|Eluanbi, the southernmost cape of Taiwan]]
'''Eluanbi''' ({{zh-cpw|c=鵝鑾鼻|p=Éluánbí|w=O-luan-pi}}; [[Taiwanese language|Taiwanese POJ]]: Gô-lôan-phīⁿ; loosely: Goose beak) is the central sierra region of [[Taiwan]]. Facing towards the [[Luzon Strait]], it is the southernmost tip of Taiwan. The name derives from ''Goran'', meaning "Sailboat" in a local aboriginal language.

==The Lighthouse==
===Specifics===
*Height: 21.4 meters, five floors
*Light strength: 1.8 million candlelights
*About one revolution per thirty seconds
*Visibility: 20 nm (about 37 kilometers)

[[Image:Eluanbi_lighthouse.jpg|frame|A picture of the Eluanbi Lighthouse]]

===History===
The Eluanbi Lighthouse was built in the [[Qing Dynasty]], year 1888. Accidents in the area were quite often due to hidden reefs (see [[Kenting National Park]]). In year 1888, an English architect was hired to construct this lighthouse as a guide for nearby ships. The lighthouse is the only armed lighthouse in the world, due to frequent raids by local aboriginal tribes. The lighthouse has a trench around it and many gun holes on the wall.

After a concession by the Qing Empire when it lost the [[First Sino-Japanese War]], Taiwan became a colony of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]. The lighthouse was repaired in year 1910 by the Japanese after severe damage due to bombings. The lighthouse, although still functional, is now held as a historical monument admired by many tourists in the Kenting National Park.

[[zh:鵝鑾鼻]]
[[Category:Geography of Taiwan]]

Burlington (North Carolina)

2006-03-24T21:44:35Z

199.111.230.195: /* Education */ easier to read

'''Burlington''' is a city located in [[Alamance County, North Carolina|Alamance County]] in [[North Carolina]], a [[U.S. state|state]] of the [[United States|United States of America]]. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 44,917. The town hosts the [[Burlington Indians]] baseball club of the [[Appalachian League]].

==Geography==
[[Image:NCMap-doton-Burlington.PNG|right|Location of Burlington, North Carolina]]
Burlington is located at 36°5'23" North, 79°26'44" West (36.089636, -79.445578){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 55.3 [[square kilometer|km²]] (21.3 [[square mile|mi²]]). 55.1 km² (21.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.28% water.

==Early history==
The need of the [[North Carolina Railroad Company]] in the 1850s to locate land where they could build, repair and do maintenance on its track was the genesis of Burlington, North Carolina. The Company selected a piece of land slightly west of present day [[Graham, North Carolina]].

By the time the shops were completed in 1857, the village had grown to twenty-seven buildings. Thirty-nine white men, twenty Negro slaves and two free Negroes were employed in or around the shops.
The employees and their families needed to live within walking distance; hence, a town begin to develop. The town was called “[[Company Shops]]”.

Sale of town lots soon started, but not surprisingly, the sale of lots was slow until after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. By 1864, Company Shops numbered about 300 persons.

In 1886, the North Carolina Railroad Company transferred its operations to [[Manchester, Virginia]]. The railroad offices and shops at Company Shops were closed. With the railroad shops no longer operated there, the citizens of Company Shops decided a new name was needed. In February 1887 a committee of the town’s leading citizens selected “Burlington”.

The city of Burlington was incorporated and a charter was issued by the State Legislature on February 14, 1893.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 44,917 people, 18,280 households, and 11,754 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 815.0/km² (2,111.0/mi²). There were 19,567 housing units at an average density of 355.0/km² (919.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.27% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 25.05% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.34% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.71% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.16% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.44% from two or more races. 10.07% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 18,280 households out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,301, and the median income for a family was $45,441. Males had a median income of $31,697 versus $22,466 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,640. 13.7% of the population and 9.7% of families were below the [[poverty line]]. 18.1% of those under the age of 18 and 14.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

== Education ==
The local school system is known as the [http://abss.k12.nc.us Alamance-Burlington School System], which was created by a merger between the Alamance County School System and the Burlington City School System in 1996.

Local public schools in Burlington include:
*[http://hch.abss.k12.nc.us Hugh M. Cummings High School]
*[http://wwh.abss.k12.nc.us Walter M. Williams High School]
*[http://sga.abss.k12.nc.us Sellars-Gunn Education Center]
*[http://brm.abss.k12.nc.us Broadview Middle School]
*[http://tum.abss.k12.nc.us Turrentine Middle School]
*[http://rae.abss.k12.nc.us R. Homer Andrews Elementary]
*[http://eae.abss.k12.nc.us Eastlawn Elementary]
*[http://gpe.abss.k12.nc.us Grove Park Elementary]
*[http://hie.abss.k12.nc.us Hillcrest Elementary]
*[http://ehe.abss.k12.nc.us E. M. Holt Elementary]
*[http://pge.abss.k12.nc.us Pleasant Grove Elementary]
*[http://mse.abss.k12.nc.us Marvin B. Smith Elementary]

== Transportation ==
[[Amtrak]]'s [[Carolinian and Piedmont|Carolinian and Piedmont train]] connects Burlington with the cities of [[New York City|New York]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] and [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]. The Amtrak station is situated at 101 North Main Street.

== See also ==
*[[Piedmont Triad]]
*[[I-85 Corridor]]

==External links==
* [http://www.ci.burlington.nc.us/ Official Burlington, NC website]
* [http://www.burlington-area-nc.org/ Burlington/Alamance County Convention & Visitors Bureau]
* [http://abss.k12.nc.us/ Alamance-Burlington School System]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|36.089636|-79.445578}}

{{North_Carolina}}

[[Category:Alamance County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in North Carolina]]

[[pt:Burlington (Carolina do Norte)]]

Burlington (North Carolina)

2006-03-24T21:34:43Z

199.111.230.195: /* See also */ style

'''Burlington''' is a city located in [[Alamance County, North Carolina|Alamance County]] in [[North Carolina]], a [[U.S. state|state]] of the [[United States|United States of America]]. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 44,917. The town hosts the [[Burlington Indians]] baseball club of the [[Appalachian League]].

==Geography==
[[Image:NCMap-doton-Burlington.PNG|right|Location of Burlington, North Carolina]]
Burlington is located at 36°5'23" North, 79°26'44" West (36.089636, -79.445578){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 55.3 [[square kilometer|km²]] (21.3 [[square mile|mi²]]). 55.1 km² (21.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.28% water.

==Early history==
The need of the [[North Carolina Railroad Company]] in the 1850s to locate land where they could build, repair and do maintenance on its track was the genesis of Burlington, North Carolina. The Company selected a piece of land slightly west of present day [[Graham, North Carolina]].

By the time the shops were completed in 1857, the village had grown to twenty-seven buildings. Thirty-nine white men, twenty Negro slaves and two free Negroes were employed in or around the shops.
The employees and their families needed to live within walking distance; hence, a town begin to develop. The town was called “[[Company Shops]]”.

Sale of town lots soon started, but not surprisingly, the sale of lots was slow until after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. By 1864, Company Shops numbered about 300 persons.

In 1886, the North Carolina Railroad Company transferred its operations to [[Manchester, Virginia]]. The railroad offices and shops at Company Shops were closed. With the railroad shops no longer operated there, the citizens of Company Shops decided a new name was needed. In February 1887 a committee of the town’s leading citizens selected “Burlington”.

The city of Burlington was incorporated and a charter was issued by the State Legislature on February 14, 1893.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 44,917 people, 18,280 households, and 11,754 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 815.0/km² (2,111.0/mi²). There were 19,567 housing units at an average density of 355.0/km² (919.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.27% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 25.05% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.34% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.71% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.16% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.44% from two or more races. 10.07% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 18,280 households out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,301, and the median income for a family was $45,441. Males had a median income of $31,697 versus $22,466 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,640. 13.7% of the population and 9.7% of families were below the [[poverty line]]. 18.1% of those under the age of 18 and 14.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

== Education ==
Local public schools in Burlington include [http://hch.abss.k12.nc.us Hugh M. Cummings High School], [http://wwh.abss.k12.nc.us Walter M. Williams High School], [http://sga.abss.k12.nc.us Sellars-Gunn Education Center], [http://brm.abss.k12.nc.us Broadview Middle School], [http://tum.abss.k12.nc.us Turrentine Middle School], [http://rae.abss.k12.nc.us R. Homer Andrews Elementary], [http://eae.abss.k12.nc.us Eastlawn Elementary], [http://gpe.abss.k12.nc.us Grove Park Elementary], [http://hie.abss.k12.nc.us Hillcrest Elementary], [http://ehe.abss.k12.nc.us E. M. Holt Elementary], [http://pge.abss.k12.nc.us Pleasant Grove Elementary] and [http://mse.abss.k12.nc.us Marvin B. Smith Elementary]. The local school system is known as the [http://abss.k12.nc.us Alamance-Burlington School System], which was created by a merger between the Alamance County School System and the Burlington City School System in 1996.

== Transportation ==
[[Amtrak]]'s [[Carolinian and Piedmont|Carolinian and Piedmont train]] connects Burlington with the cities of [[New York City|New York]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] and [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]. The Amtrak station is situated at 101 North Main Street.

== See also ==
*[[Piedmont Triad]]
*[[I-85 Corridor]]

==External links==
* [http://www.ci.burlington.nc.us/ Official Burlington, NC website]
* [http://www.burlington-area-nc.org/ Burlington/Alamance County Convention & Visitors Bureau]
* [http://abss.k12.nc.us/ Alamance-Burlington School System]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|36.089636|-79.445578}}

{{North_Carolina}}

[[Category:Alamance County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in North Carolina]]

[[pt:Burlington (Carolina do Norte)]]

Burlington (North Carolina)

2006-03-24T21:34:22Z

199.111.230.195: too long to be a stub

'''Burlington''' is a city located in [[Alamance County, North Carolina|Alamance County]] in [[North Carolina]], a [[U.S. state|state]] of the [[United States|United States of America]]. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 44,917. The town hosts the [[Burlington Indians]] baseball club of the [[Appalachian League]].

==Geography==
[[Image:NCMap-doton-Burlington.PNG|right|Location of Burlington, North Carolina]]
Burlington is located at 36°5'23" North, 79°26'44" West (36.089636, -79.445578){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 55.3 [[square kilometer|km²]] (21.3 [[square mile|mi²]]). 55.1 km² (21.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.28% water.

==Early history==
The need of the [[North Carolina Railroad Company]] in the 1850s to locate land where they could build, repair and do maintenance on its track was the genesis of Burlington, North Carolina. The Company selected a piece of land slightly west of present day [[Graham, North Carolina]].

By the time the shops were completed in 1857, the village had grown to twenty-seven buildings. Thirty-nine white men, twenty Negro slaves and two free Negroes were employed in or around the shops.
The employees and their families needed to live within walking distance; hence, a town begin to develop. The town was called “[[Company Shops]]”.

Sale of town lots soon started, but not surprisingly, the sale of lots was slow until after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. By 1864, Company Shops numbered about 300 persons.

In 1886, the North Carolina Railroad Company transferred its operations to [[Manchester, Virginia]]. The railroad offices and shops at Company Shops were closed. With the railroad shops no longer operated there, the citizens of Company Shops decided a new name was needed. In February 1887 a committee of the town’s leading citizens selected “Burlington”.

The city of Burlington was incorporated and a charter was issued by the State Legislature on February 14, 1893.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 44,917 people, 18,280 households, and 11,754 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 815.0/km² (2,111.0/mi²). There were 19,567 housing units at an average density of 355.0/km² (919.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.27% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 25.05% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.34% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.71% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.16% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.44% from two or more races. 10.07% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 18,280 households out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,301, and the median income for a family was $45,441. Males had a median income of $31,697 versus $22,466 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,640. 13.7% of the population and 9.7% of families were below the [[poverty line]]. 18.1% of those under the age of 18 and 14.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

== Education ==
Local public schools in Burlington include [http://hch.abss.k12.nc.us Hugh M. Cummings High School], [http://wwh.abss.k12.nc.us Walter M. Williams High School], [http://sga.abss.k12.nc.us Sellars-Gunn Education Center], [http://brm.abss.k12.nc.us Broadview Middle School], [http://tum.abss.k12.nc.us Turrentine Middle School], [http://rae.abss.k12.nc.us R. Homer Andrews Elementary], [http://eae.abss.k12.nc.us Eastlawn Elementary], [http://gpe.abss.k12.nc.us Grove Park Elementary], [http://hie.abss.k12.nc.us Hillcrest Elementary], [http://ehe.abss.k12.nc.us E. M. Holt Elementary], [http://pge.abss.k12.nc.us Pleasant Grove Elementary] and [http://mse.abss.k12.nc.us Marvin B. Smith Elementary]. The local school system is known as the [http://abss.k12.nc.us Alamance-Burlington School System], which was created by a merger between the Alamance County School System and the Burlington City School System in 1996.

== Transportation ==
[[Amtrak]]'s [[Carolinian and Piedmont|Carolinian and Piedmont train]] connects Burlington with the cities of [[New York City|New York]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] and [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]. The Amtrak station is situated at 101 North Main Street.

== See also ==
[[Piedmont Triad]]

[[I-85 Corridor]]

==External links==
* [http://www.ci.burlington.nc.us/ Official Burlington, NC website]
* [http://www.burlington-area-nc.org/ Burlington/Alamance County Convention & Visitors Bureau]
* [http://abss.k12.nc.us/ Alamance-Burlington School System]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|36.089636|-79.445578}}

{{North_Carolina}}

[[Category:Alamance County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in North Carolina]]

[[pt:Burlington (Carolina do Norte)]]

Benutzer:Shi Annan/St. Paul's Co-educational College

2006-02-25T06:18:17Z

199.111.230.195: style

{{Infobox_School |
name = St. Paul's Co-educational College 聖保羅男女中學
| image = [[Image:SPCC_badge.jpg|150px|St. Paul's Co-ed.]]
| motto = ''Faith, Hope, Love'' (official)
| established = [[1915]] (as St. Paul's Girls' College)
| type = [[Grant school|Grant]], [[Direct Subsidy Scheme|DSS]], [[Secondary school|secondary]], [[coeducation|co-educational]].
| principal = Dr. [[Anissa Chan]]
| faculty = ''Not applicable''
| enrollment = approx. 1,400
| free_label = Forms Alumni
| free_text = [[Education in Hong Kong|Form 1 to Upper 6]] [http://www.spccaa.org Alumni Website]
| location = 33 Macdonnell Road [[Mid-levels]] [[Hong Kong]]
| information = (852) 2523 0910 [mailto:info@spcc.edu.hk info@spcc.edu.hk]
| website = http://www.spcc.edu.hk/
}}
'''St. Paul's Co-educational College''' ([[Traditional Chinese]]: 聖保羅男女中學), (often abbreviated as St. Paul's Co-ed., St. Paul's or SPCC) located at 33 Macdonnell Road, [[Mid-levels]], is widely regarded as one of the leading [[high schools|secondary schools]] in [[Hong Kong]]. It is operated under the [[Direct Subsidy Scheme| Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS)]], and was the first school to join the scheme. It was founded in [[1915]] as St. Paul's Girls' College by the [[Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui|Anglican church]]. The motto of the School is 'Faith, Hope and Love'. Students perform very well academically and in inter-school competitions. Famous for its [[choir]]s, [[orchestra]] and [[harmonica]] orchestra. It was the first school in Hong Kong to have compulsory uniforms (1918). The college has two affiliated primary schools: [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Kennedy Road) Primary School]] (previously St. Paul's Co-educational College P.M. Primary School) and [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Macdonnell Road) Primary School]] (previously St. Paul's Co-educational College A.M. Primary School). The secondary school lessons are taught in English, except Chinese Language, Mandarin and Chinese History. Ironically, the affiliated primary schools teach predominently in Cantonese, apart from English.

During World War II, St. Paul's College merged with St. Paul's Girls College when its campus was destroyed by the Japanese. They become St. Paul's Co-educational College from 1945, the first co-educational school in Hong Kong. After the completion of the new school buildings, St. Paul's College went back to being a successful individual institution in its own right. St. Paul's Co-ed. remained co-educational.

The current [[list of Principals of St. Paul's Co-educational College|principal]] is Dr. [[Anissa Chan]] (since September [[2004]]). The chairman of the School Council is Professor [[Sheung-Wai Tam]]. The school currently has plans to make itself a world class institution, famous abroad while still holding on the unique Hong Kong characteristics.

The two affiliated primary schools will be merged once the new campus in Wong Chuk Hang is completed, after which the secondary school itself will expand into the existing Macdonell Road primary school campus.

==Uniform==
St. Paul's Co-educational College is renowned as the first secondary school that requires students to wear school uniforms, thus beginning the culture.

The uniforms of St. Paul's today are one of the stereotypical styles of Hong Kong student uniforms. The idea behind the uniform is often cited as to be as simple and plain as possible. This implies no make-up and only a pair of simple ear rings for girls, and boys should not have long hair that will touch the shirt's collar.

The male summer uniform is a white short-sleeved shirt, a metal school badge above the sole chest pocket on the left, with deep blue trousers, white socks and black shoes; The winter uniform is a long-sleeved white shirt with grey trousers, with a red school tie with tiny blue school badges on them (these are worn with the summer uniform for ceremonial purposes as well). The deep blue suit-jacket style blazer with a large silver-brimed school badge sewn onto the chest pocket is optional.

The female summer uniform is based on the traditional cheung sam, plain blue with darker blue brims, with white socks and black shoes. The school badge is positioned below the collar in the middle. The winter uniform is similar, except that the dress is long-sleeved, of a thick material, without different coloured brims and is very dark blue. Again, the blazer is optional. At below 12 degrees Celsius or for specific health conditions, girls are allowed to wear a white long-sleeved shirt and long blue trousers.

Sports wear is common for boys and girls: a white, short-sleeved top with a modernized school badge and 'SPCC' on it on the left side of the chest, with a pair of dark blue shorts, white socks and sports shoes that are should be mostly white. However, the shorts for boys and girls are slightly different. Those for boys are looser (similar to basketball shorts) while those for girls are more tight-fitting (similar to volleyball shorts).

Swimming gear: swimming trunks for boys and swimsuits for girls. They are of the same colour, the same red and white stripes running vertically, and the words 'SPCC' sewn onto them near the left hip.

==School hymn==
The school is well-known for being keen on music, ironically their school hymn is not written by an alumni or teaching staff or anyone directly related to the school, but using a hymn written by J. Baptiste Calkin & Sebastian W. Meyer, which is also used by schools such as [[S.K.H. Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School]].

We build our school on Thee, O Lord; 
To Thee we bring our common need; 
The loving heart, the helpful word, 
The tender thought, the kindly deed; 
With these we pray Thy Spirit may 
Enrich and bless our school alway. 

We work together in Thy sight, 
We live together in thy love; 
Guide Thou our faltering steps aright, 
And lift our thoughts to Heaven above. 
Dear Lord, we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

Hold Thou each hand, to keep it just; 
Touch Thou our lips, and make them pure; 
If Thou art with us, Lord, we must 
Be faithful friends and comrades sure. 
Dear Lord, we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

We change, but Thou art still the same; 
The same good Master, Teacher, Friend. 
We change, but Lord, we bear Thy name, 
To journey with it to the end; 
And so we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

==Notable alumni==
{{listdev}}
'''Academics'''
* [[Lawrence J. Lau]] - [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]
* [[Arthur Li]] - Secretary for Education and Manpower of Hong Kong; former [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]
* [[Chung-Kwong Poon]] - President of the [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
* [[Vivienne Poy]] - [[Senator]] of [[Canada]]; [[Chancellor]] of the [[University of Toronto]]

'''Public services / professionals'''
* [[Audrey Eu]] - member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Moses Cheng]] - former member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Selina Chow|Selina S Y Chow Liang]] - member of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] and [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Peter Kwong|Peter K K Kwong]] - Archbishop of [[Sheng Kung Hui|Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui]]
* [[Eric Li|Eric Ka-Cheung Li]] - former member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Andrew Li|Andrew Kwok-Nang Li]] - Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
* [[Maria Tam|Maria Wai-Chu Tam]] - former member of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] and [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Herbert Tsoi|Herbert H K Tsoi]] - former president of the [[Law Society of Hong Kong]]

'''Business'''
* [[Richard Li]] - Founder and chairman of [[PCCW Limited]]; younger son of [[Li Ka-Shing]]
* [[Victor Li]] - Managing Director of [[Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited]]; elder son of [[Li Ka-Shing]]

'''Artistes'''
* [[Kenneth Chan|Kai-Tai Chan]] - Hong Kong actor
* [[Danny Chan|Danny Pak-Keung Chan]] - the late popular Hong Kong singer
* [[Michael Kwan|Michael Ching-Kit Kwan]] - Hong Kong singer
* [[Mark Lui|Mark Chung-Tak Lui]] - Hong Kong pop song composer and producer
* [[Justin Lo]] - Hong Kong pop song composer and singer

'''Others'''
* [[Betty Tung]] - wife of the former [[Hong Kong Chief Executive]] [[Tung Chee Hwa]]
* [[Mr Henry Chun Kau Poon ]]潘鎮球先生 - former principal

==International liaison==
* [[High School attached to Tsinghua University]] - friendship school

==See also==
* [[Education in Hong Kong]]
* [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Kennedy Road) Primary School]]
* [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Macdonnell Road) Primary School]]
* [[List of Principals of St. Paul's Co-educational College|Principals of SPCC]]
* [[List of schools in Hong Kong]]

==External links==
*[http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/index.php SPCC website]
*[http://www.spccaa.org/index.html SPCC Alumni Association]
*[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Monument/en/trails_central2.php?tid=b15 Entry on the Heritage Trail description]
* Pictures: [http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/Photos/actual/4/entrance.jpg Entrance], [http://www.hk-place.com/bpic/b234011.jpg Primary School], [http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/SchoolLife/School1.jpg Inside the Campus]

[[Category:Declared monuments of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Direct Subsidy Scheme schools]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1910s]]
[[Category:Mid-levels]]
[[Category:Secondary schools in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Sheng Kung Hui]]
[[Category:St. Paul's Co-educational College]]

[[zh:聖保羅男女中學]]

Benutzer:Shi Annan/St. Paul's Co-educational College

2006-02-13T02:35:11Z

199.111.230.195: (1)re-sized school emblem (2)the article is too long and informative to be a stub

{{Infobox_School |
name = St. Paul's Co-educational College 聖保羅男女中學
| image = [[Image:SPCC_badge.jpg|150px|St. Paul's Co-ed.]]
| motto = ''Faith, Hope, Love'' (official)''St. Paul's Co-ed., We are the Best'' (informal)
| established = [[1915]] (as St. Paul's Girls' College)
| type = [[Grant school|Grant]], [[Direct Subsidy Scheme|DSS]], [[Secondary school|secondary]], [[coeducation|co-educational]].
| principal = Dr. [[Anissa Chan]]
| faculty = ''Not applicable''
| enrollment = approx. 1,400
| free_label = Forms Alumni
| free_text = [[Education in Hong Kong|Form 1 to Upper 6]] [http://www.spccaa.org Alumni Website]
| location = 33 Macdonnell Road [[Mid-levels]] [[Hong Kong]]
| information = (852) 2523 0910 [mailto:info@spcc.edu.hk info@spcc.edu.hk]
| website = http://www.spcc.edu.hk/
}}
'''St. Paul's Co-educational College''' ([[Traditional Chinese]]: 聖保羅男女中學), (often abbreviated as St. Paul's Co-ed., St. Paul's or SPCC) located at 33 Macdonnell Road, [[Mid-levels]], is widely regarded as one of the leading [[high schools|secondary schools]] in [[Hong Kong]]. It is operated under the [[Direct Subsidy Scheme| Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS)]], and was the first school to join the scheme. It was founded in [[1915]] as St. Paul's Girls' College by the [[Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui|Anglican church]]. The motto of the School is 'Faith, Hope and Love'. Students perform very well academically and in inter-school competitions. Famous for its [[choir]]s, [[orchestra]] and [[harmonica]] orchestra. It was the first school in Hong Kong to have compulsory uniforms (1918). The college has two affiliated primary schools: [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Kennedy Road) Primary School]] (previously St. Paul's Co-educational College P.M. Primary School) and [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Macdonnell Road) Primary School]] (previously St. Paul's Co-educational College A.M. Primary School). The secondary school lessons are taught in English, except Chinese Language, Mandarin and Chinese History. Ironically, the affiliated primary schools teach predominently in Cantonese, apart from English.

During World War II, St. Paul's College merged with St. Paul's Girls College when its campus was destroyed by the Japanese. They become St. Paul's Co-educational College from 1945, the first co-educational school in Hong Kong. After the completion of the new school buildings, St. Paul's College went back to being a successful individual institution in its own right. St. Paul's Co-ed. remained co-educational.

The current [[list of Principals of St. Paul's Co-educational College|principal]] is Dr. [[Anissa Chan]] (since September [[2004]]). The chairman of the School Council is Professor [[Sheung-Wai Tam]]. The school currently has plans to make itself a world class institution, famous abroad while still holding on the unique Hong Kong characteristics.

The two affiliated primary schools will be merged once the new campus in Wong Chuk Hang is completed, after which the secondary school itself will expand into the existing Macdonell Road primary school campus.

==Uniform==
St. Paul's Co-educational College is renowned as the first secondary school that requires students to wear school uniforms, thus beginning the culture.

The uniforms of St. Paul's today are one of the stereotypical styles of Hong Kong student uniforms. The idea behind the uniform is often cited as to be as simple and plain as possible. This implies no make-up and only a pair of simple ear rings for girls, and boys should not have long hair that will touch the shirt's collar.

The male summer uniform is a white short-sleeved shirt, a metal school badge above the sole chest pocket on the left, with deep blue trousers, white socks and black shoes; The winter uniform is a long-sleeved white shirt with grey trousers, with a red school tie with tiny blue school badges on them (these are worn with the summer uniform for ceremonial purposes as well). The deep blue suit-jacket style blazer with a large silver-brimed school badge sewn onto the chest pocket is optional.

The female summer uniform is based on the traditional cheung sam, plain blue with darker blue brims, with white socks and black shoes. The school badge is positioned below the collar in the middle. The winter uniform is similar, except that the dress is long-sleeved, of a thick material, without different coloured brims and is very dark blue. Again, the blazer is optional. At below 12 degrees Celsius or for specific health conditions, girls are allowed to wear a white long-sleeved shirt and long blue trousers.

Sports wear is common for boys and girls: a white, short-sleeved top with a modernized school badge and 'SPCC' on it on the left side of the chest, with a pair of dark blue shorts, white socks and sports shoes that are should be mostly white. However, the shorts for boys and girls are slightly different. Those for boys are looser (similar to basketball shorts) while those for girls are more tight-fitting (similar to volleyball shorts).

Swimming gear: swimming trunks for boys and swimsuits for girls. They are of the same colour, the same red and white stripes running vertically, and the words 'SPCC' sewn onto them near the left hip.

==School Hymn==
The school is well-known for being keen on music, ironically their school hymn is not written by an alumni or teaching staff or anyone directly related to the school, but using a hymn written by J. Baptiste Calkin & Sebastian W. Meyer, which is also used by schools such as [[S.K.H. Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School]].

We build our school on Thee, O Lord; 
To Thee we bring our common need; 
The loving heart, the helpful word, 
The tender thought, the kindly deed; 
With these we pray Thy Spirit may 
Enrich and bless our school alway. 

We work together in Thy sight, 
We live together in thy love; 
Guide Thou our faltering steps aright, 
And lift our thoughts to Heaven above. 
Dear Lord, we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

Hold Thou each hand, to keep it just; 
Touch Thou our lips, and make them pure; 
If Thou art with us, Lord, we must 
Be faithful friends and comrades sure. 
Dear Lord, we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

We change, but Thou art still the same; 
The same good Master, Teacher, Friend. 
We change, but Lord, we bear Thy name, 
To journey with it to the end; 
And so we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

==Notable Alumni==
{{listdev}}
'''Academics'''
* [[Lawrence J. Lau]] - [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]
* [[Arthur Li]] - Secretary for Education and Manpower of Hong Kong; former [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]
* [[Chung-Kwong Poon]] - President of the [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
* [[Vivienne Poy]] - [[Senator]] of [[Canada]]; [[Chancellor]] of the [[University of Toronto]]

'''Public services / professionals'''
* [[Audrey Eu]] - member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Moses Cheng]] - former member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Selina Chow|Selina S Y Chow Liang]] - member of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] and [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Peter Kwong|Peter K K Kwong]] - Archbishop of [[Sheng Kung Hui|Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui]]
* [[Eric Li|Eric Ka-Cheung Li]] - former member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Andrew Li|Andrew Kwok-Nang Li]] - Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
* [[Maria Tam|Maria Wai-Chu Tam]] - former member of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] and [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Herbert Tsoi|Herbert H K Tsoi]] - former president of the [[Law Society of Hong Kong]]

'''Business'''
* [[Richard Li]] - Founder and chairman of [[PCCW Limited]]; younger son of [[Li Ka-Shing]]
* [[Victor Li]] - Managing Director of [[Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited]]; elder son of [[Li Ka-Shing]]

'''Artistes'''
* [[Kenneth Chan|Kai-Tai Chan]] - Hong Kong actor
* [[Danny Chan|Danny Pak-Keung Chan]] - the late popular Hong Kong singer
* [[Michael Kwan|Michael Ching-Kit Kwan]] - Hong Kong singer
* [[Mark Lui|Mark Chung-Tak Lui]] - Hong Kong pop song composer and producer
* [[Justin Lo]] - Hong Kong pop song composer and singer

'''Others'''
* [[Betty Tung]] - wife of the former [[Hong Kong Chief Executive]] [[Tung Chee Hwa]]
* [[Mr Henry Chun Kau Poon ]]潘鎮球先生 - former principal

==International Liaison==
* [[High School attached to Tsinghua University]] - friendship school

==See also==
* [[Education in Hong Kong]]
* [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Kennedy Road) Primary School]]
* [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Macdonnell Road) Primary School]]
* [[List of Principals of St. Paul's Co-educational College|Principals of SPCC]]
* [[List of schools in Hong Kong]]

==External links==
*[http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/index.php SPCC website]
*[http://www.spccaa.org/index.html SPCC Alumni Association]
*[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Monument/en/trails_central2.php?tid=b15 Entry on the Heritage Trail description]
* Pictures: [http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/Photos/actual/4/entrance.jpg Entrance], [http://www.hk-place.com/bpic/b234011.jpg Primary School], [http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/SchoolLife/School1.jpg Inside the Campus]

[[Category:Declared monuments of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Direct Subsidy Scheme schools]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1910s]]
[[Category:Mid-levels]]
[[Category:Secondary schools in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Sheng Kung Hui]]
[[Category:St. Paul's Co-educational College]]

[[zh:聖保羅男女中學]]

Benutzer:Shi Annan/St. Paul's Co-educational College

2006-02-13T02:31:53Z

199.111.230.195: /* School Hymn */ Chinese characters not needed since there is an article for the school

{{Infobox_School |
name = St. Paul's Co-educational College 聖保羅男女中學
| image = [[Image:SPCC_badge.jpg|St. Paul's Co-ed.]]
| motto = ''Faith, Hope, Love'' (official)''St. Paul's Co-ed., We are the Best'' (informal)
| established = [[1915]] (as St. Paul's Girls' College)
| type = [[Grant school|Grant]], [[Direct Subsidy Scheme|DSS]], [[Secondary school|secondary]], [[coeducation|co-educational]].
| principal = Dr. [[Anissa Chan]]
| faculty = ''Not applicable''
| enrollment = approx. 1,400
| free_label = Forms Alumni
| free_text = [[Education in Hong Kong|Form 1 to Upper 6]] [http://www.spccaa.org Alumni Website]
| location = 33 Macdonnell Road [[Mid-levels]] [[Hong Kong]]
| information = (852) 2523 0910 [mailto:info@spcc.edu.hk info@spcc.edu.hk]
| website = http://www.spcc.edu.hk/
}}
'''St. Paul's Co-educational College''' ([[Traditional Chinese]]: 聖保羅男女中學), (often abbreviated as St. Paul's Co-ed., St. Paul's or SPCC) located at 33 Macdonnell Road, [[Mid-levels]], is widely regarded as one of the leading [[high schools|secondary schools]] in [[Hong Kong]]. It is operated under the [[Direct Subsidy Scheme| Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS)]], and was the first school to join the scheme. It was founded in [[1915]] as St. Paul's Girls' College by the [[Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui|Anglican church]]. The motto of the School is 'Faith, Hope and Love'. Students perform very well academically and in inter-school competitions. Famous for its [[choir]]s, [[orchestra]] and [[harmonica]] orchestra. It was the first school in Hong Kong to have compulsory uniforms (1918). The college has two affiliated primary schools: [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Kennedy Road) Primary School]] (previously St. Paul's Co-educational College P.M. Primary School) and [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Macdonnell Road) Primary School]] (previously St. Paul's Co-educational College A.M. Primary School). The secondary school lessons are taught in English, except Chinese Language, Mandarin and Chinese History. Ironically, the affiliated primary schools teach predominently in Cantonese, apart from English.

During World War II, St. Paul's College merged with St. Paul's Girls College when its campus was destroyed by the Japanese. They become St. Paul's Co-educational College from 1945, the first co-educational school in Hong Kong. After the completion of the new school buildings, St. Paul's College went back to being a successful individual institution in its own right. St. Paul's Co-ed. remained co-educational.

The current [[list of Principals of St. Paul's Co-educational College|principal]] is Dr. [[Anissa Chan]] (since September [[2004]]). The chairman of the School Council is Professor [[Sheung-Wai Tam]]. The school currently has plans to make itself a world class institution, famous abroad while still holding on the unique Hong Kong characteristics.

The two affiliated primary schools will be merged once the new campus in Wong Chuk Hang is completed, after which the secondary school itself will expand into the existing Macdonell Road primary school campus.

==Uniform==
St. Paul's Co-educational College is renowned as the first secondary school that requires students to wear school uniforms, thus beginning the culture.

The uniforms of St. Paul's today are one of the stereotypical styles of Hong Kong student uniforms. The idea behind the uniform is often cited as to be as simple and plain as possible. This implies no make-up and only a pair of simple ear rings for girls, and boys should not have long hair that will touch the shirt's collar.

The male summer uniform is a white short-sleeved shirt, a metal school badge above the sole chest pocket on the left, with deep blue trousers, white socks and black shoes; The winter uniform is a long-sleeved white shirt with grey trousers, with a red school tie with tiny blue school badges on them (these are worn with the summer uniform for ceremonial purposes as well). The deep blue suit-jacket style blazer with a large silver-brimed school badge sewn onto the chest pocket is optional.

The female summer uniform is based on the traditional cheung sam, plain blue with darker blue brims, with white socks and black shoes. The school badge is positioned below the collar in the middle. The winter uniform is similar, except that the dress is long-sleeved, of a thick material, without different coloured brims and is very dark blue. Again, the blazer is optional. At below 12 degrees Celsius or for specific health conditions, girls are allowed to wear a white long-sleeved shirt and long blue trousers.

Sports wear is common for boys and girls: a white, short-sleeved top with a modernized school badge and 'SPCC' on it on the left side of the chest, with a pair of dark blue shorts, white socks and sports shoes that are should be mostly white. However, the shorts for boys and girls are slightly different. Those for boys are looser (similar to basketball shorts) while those for girls are more tight-fitting (similar to volleyball shorts).

Swimming gear: swimming trunks for boys and swimsuits for girls. They are of the same colour, the same red and white stripes running vertically, and the words 'SPCC' sewn onto them near the left hip.

==School Hymn==
The school is well-known for being keen on music, ironically their school hymn is not written by an alumni or teaching staff or anyone directly related to the school, but using a hymn written by J. Baptiste Calkin & Sebastian W. Meyer, which is also used by schools such as [[S.K.H. Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School]].

We build our school on Thee, O Lord; 
To Thee we bring our common need; 
The loving heart, the helpful word, 
The tender thought, the kindly deed; 
With these we pray Thy Spirit may 
Enrich and bless our school alway. 

We work together in Thy sight, 
We live together in thy love; 
Guide Thou our faltering steps aright, 
And lift our thoughts to Heaven above. 
Dear Lord, we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

Hold Thou each hand, to keep it just; 
Touch Thou our lips, and make them pure; 
If Thou art with us, Lord, we must 
Be faithful friends and comrades sure. 
Dear Lord, we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

We change, but Thou art still the same; 
The same good Master, Teacher, Friend. 
We change, but Lord, we bear Thy name, 
To journey with it to the end; 
And so we pray Thy Spirit may 
Be present in our school alway. 

==Notable Alumni==
{{listdev}}
'''Academics'''
* [[Lawrence J. Lau]] - [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]
* [[Arthur Li]] - Secretary for Education and Manpower of Hong Kong; former [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]]
* [[Chung-Kwong Poon]] - President of the [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
* [[Vivienne Poy]] - [[Senator]] of [[Canada]]; [[Chancellor]] of the [[University of Toronto]]

'''Public services / professionals'''
* [[Audrey Eu]] - member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Moses Cheng]] - former member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Selina Chow|Selina S Y Chow Liang]] - member of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] and [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Peter Kwong|Peter K K Kwong]] - Archbishop of [[Sheng Kung Hui|Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui]]
* [[Eric Li|Eric Ka-Cheung Li]] - former member of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Andrew Li|Andrew Kwok-Nang Li]] - Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
* [[Maria Tam|Maria Wai-Chu Tam]] - former member of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] and [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]]
* [[Herbert Tsoi|Herbert H K Tsoi]] - former president of the [[Law Society of Hong Kong]]

'''Business'''
* [[Richard Li]] - Founder and chairman of [[PCCW Limited]]; younger son of [[Li Ka-Shing]]
* [[Victor Li]] - Managing Director of [[Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited]]; elder son of [[Li Ka-Shing]]

'''Artistes'''
* [[Kenneth Chan|Kai-Tai Chan]] - Hong Kong actor
* [[Danny Chan|Danny Pak-Keung Chan]] - the late popular Hong Kong singer
* [[Michael Kwan|Michael Ching-Kit Kwan]] - Hong Kong singer
* [[Mark Lui|Mark Chung-Tak Lui]] - Hong Kong pop song composer and producer
* [[Justin Lo]] - Hong Kong pop song composer and singer

'''Others'''
* [[Betty Tung]] - wife of the former [[Hong Kong Chief Executive]] [[Tung Chee Hwa]]
* [[Mr Henry Chun Kau Poon ]]潘鎮球先生 - former principal

==International Liaison==
* [[High School attached to Tsinghua University]] - friendship school

==See also==
* [[Education in Hong Kong]]
* [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Kennedy Road) Primary School]]
* [[St. Paul's Co-educational (Macdonnell Road) Primary School]]
* [[List of Principals of St. Paul's Co-educational College|Principals of SPCC]]
* [[List of schools in Hong Kong]]

==External links==
*[http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/index.php SPCC website]
*[http://www.spccaa.org/index.html SPCC Alumni Association]
*[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Monument/en/trails_central2.php?tid=b15 Entry on the Heritage Trail description]
* Pictures: [http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/Photos/actual/4/entrance.jpg Entrance], [http://www.hk-place.com/bpic/b234011.jpg Primary School], [http://www.spcc.edu.hk/sec/SchoolLife/School1.jpg Inside the Campus]

[[Category:Declared monuments of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Direct Subsidy Scheme schools]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1910s]]
[[Category:Mid-levels]]
[[Category:Secondary schools in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Sheng Kung Hui]]
[[Category:St. Paul's Co-educational College]]

[[zh:聖保羅男女中學]]

{{HK-edu-stub}}

Benutzer:Shi Annan/Jigan

2006-02-12T22:40:55Z

199.111.230.195: added link

In [[Chinese culture]] and [[Chinese society|society]], '''hometown''' or '''ancestral hometown''' (祖籍) is the place of origin of one's extended family. It may or may not be the place where one is born. For instance, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics Nobelist]] [[Tsung-Dao Lee]] was born in [[Shanghai]], [[China]], but his hometown is listed as [[Suzhou]].

A persons' hometown is sometimes defined by where his or her father was born. [[Su Shi]] limited it to five generations, i.e. it refers to the home of one's great-great-grandfather. Even more broadly, an ancestral home can refer to the first locality where a [[Chinese surname|surname]] came to be established or prominent.

In Chinese culture, the importance of family and regional identity are such that a person's ancetral hometown or birthplace plays an important social role in personal identity. For instance, at a university, students who hail from the same region will often become members of the regional/hometown association or club for other people with the same background. Discussion of personal or ancestral origins is typical when two people meet for the first time. In recent years, the root-seeking (寻根) movement has led to greater interest in ancestral hometowns, especially among [[overseas Chinese]].

[[Passport]]s and [[Identity document|national identification card]]s issued in [[Taiwan]] by the [[Republic of China]] government formerly carried an entry for "home citizenship" (本籍). Citizens would usually have their ancestral home (defined through the [[patriline]]) stated on these documents, despite, as in the case of many [[Mainlander]]s born in Taiwan to [[Chinese Civil War|refugee]] parents, having never set foot in their ancestral home. This practice was abolished by the government in the mid-[[1990s]] amid the [[Taiwan localization movement]].

[[Category:Chinese culture]]

Jeff Burton

2005-12-09T00:39:39Z

199.111.230.195: minor stuff

{{NASCAR current driver|
Name = Jeff Burton|
Birthdate = [[June 29]], [[1967]] |
Birthplace = [[South Boston, Virginia|South Boston]], [[Virginia]]|
Car_Team = 31 - [[Richard Childress Racing]] |
Previous_Year = 2004 |
Prev_Cup_Pos = 18th |
Best_Cup_Pos = 3rd - [[2000]] (Winston Cup) |
Wins = 17 |
Top_Tens = 154 |
Poles = 2 |
Awards = [[1994]] [[Winston Cup]] [[NASCAR Rookie of the Year|Rookie of the Year]] |
First_Race = [[1993]] [[New England 300|Slick 50 300]] ([[New Hampshire International Speedway|New Hampshire]]) |
First_Win = [[1997]] [[Samsung/Radio Shack 500|Interstate Batteries 500]] ([[Texas Motor Speedway|Texas]]) |
Last_Win = [[2001]] [[Checker Auto Parts 500|Checker Auto Parts 500 presented by Pennzoil]] ([[Phoenix International Raceway|Phoenix]]) |
Updated_On = [[September 18]], [[2005]]|

}}

<div style="float:right;width:280px;padding:5px;">
[[Image:Driver 31.jpg|frame|Jeff Burton]]
</div>
'''Jeff Burton''' (born [[June 29]], [[1967]]) of [[South Boston, Virginia]] is an [[auto racing|auto racer]]. He drives the #31 [[Cingular]]/[[Bass Pro Shops]] [[Chevrolet]] for [[Richard Childress Racing]]. He has participated in the [[Nextel Cup]] Series for 12 years, starting in 371 races.

[[1994]] was Burton's rookie year in the Nextel Cup Series, although he had started in one race in [[1993]], finishing 37th. He drove the #99 Roundup FastAct Ford. After five races, he reached a season-high 14th place in the overall standings, but by the end of the year he slipped to 24th, his highest finish being 4th. The next year, in [[1995]], Burton had 1 top-5, along with a 9th place finish. He also missed three races and finished 32nd in points.

In [[1996]], Burton joined [[Roush Racing]], and finished 13th overall, but from [[1997]] to [[2000]], he never finished lower than 5th in the points standings. He achieved his first career win in 1997, finishing first in the Interstate Batteries 500 at [[Texas Motor Speedway]], and would go on to win 14 more races during the four-year run. In [[1999]], Burton won a career-high six races, including the [[New England 300|Jiffy Lube 300]] for a third straight year, which would lead to a fifth-place finish in points. His best points finish was in 2000, when he finished 3rd, 294 points behind champion [[Bobby Labonte]]. During that year, on September 17th, he led the [[Sylvania 300|Dura Lube 300 sponsored by Kmart]] at [[New Hampshire International Speedway]] wire-to-wire, becoming the first Cup driver to lead every lap in one race since [[Cale Yarborough]] did so at a [[1978]] race in [[Nashville]]. The following year, in [[2001]], Burton won another two races, upping his career total to 17, as he finished tenth in points.

In [[2002]] and [[2003]], he finished 12th and combined for 8 top-5s and 25 top-10s, but failed to win a race in either year. A rumor began to float around that Burton would be leaving Roush Racing. This finally happened in mid-[[2004]] when, just before the [[Sirius at The Glen]], Burton signed a three-year contract with Richard Childress Racing, leaving Roush after eight and a half years with the team. He would drive the #30 America Online Chevrolet for the rest of the season. Before the change, Burton had an average finish of 20.8 and was 23rd in points. In the 13 races after he changed teams, though, the same stats were improved to 16.6 and 18th. During the offseason, Burton and his team were switched to the #31 Cingular Wireless Chevy, replacing [[Robby Gordon]].

Jeff Burton is the younger brother of [[Ward Burton]], who was also a Nextel Cup driver until near the end of the 2004 season, when he was replaced by [[Mike Bliss]] in the #0 NetZero Best Buy Chevrolet.
[[Category:NASCAR drivers|Burton, Jeff]]
[[Category:NASCAR Rookie of the Year|Burton Jeff]]

Transkriptionssystem der chinesischen Post

2005-10-22T02:38:10Z

199.111.230.195:

{{RCL}}

In the early [[twentieth century]], [[China]] (starting with the dying [[Qing Empire]]) used '''Postal (Office) System Pinyin''' ([[Traditional Chinese]]:郵政式拼音 [[Pinyin]]: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn) (unrelated to the modern Hanyu Pinyin), based on [[Wade-Giles]] (in particularly, [[Herbert Giles]]'s ''A Chinese-English Dictionary'') for [[post]]al purposes, especially for [[placename]]s on [[letter]]s and [[stamp]]s, and was not for universal usage. It uses some already common [[Europe]]an names of Chinese places that override the Wade-Giles system, and incorporate some [[Chinese dialect|dialect]]al pronunciations.

The postal system was decided after the Imperial Postal Joint-Session Conference (帝國郵電聯席會議) in spring [[1906]] in [[Shanghai]].

Main differences with Wade-Giles include:
* Complete lack of [[diacritic]] and accent marks.
* ''Chi'', ''ch'i'', and ''hsi'' (pinyin ''ji'', ''qi'', and ''xi'') are represented as either ''tsi'', ''tsi'', and ''si'' or ''ki'', ''ki'', and ''hi'' depending on historic pronunciation, e.g.,
** [[Peking]] (Pei-ching, Beijing)
** [[Tientsin]] (T'ien-chin, Tianjin)
** [[Tsinan]] (Chi-nan, Ji'nan)
* Except being the sole vowel in the syllable, the Wade-Giles ''u'' become ''w'', e.g.,
** [[Ankwo]] (An-kuo, Anguo)
** [[Chinchow]] (Chin-chou, Jinzhou)
* [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], and [[Fujian]] placenames are to be Romanized from the local dialects, such as [[Hakka (linguistics)|Hakka]], [[Cantonese (linguistics)|Cantonese]], and [[Min (linguistics)|Min]] (systems also obtained from Giles' ''A Chinese-English Dictionary'').
**[[Amoy]] (Hsia-men, Xiamen)
**[[Shantou|Swatow]] (Shan-t'ou, Shantou)
**[[Quemoy]] (Chin-men, Jinmen)
* Popular pre-existing (from 19th century of earlier) European names for place in China are to be retained, such as those of the [[treaty ports]].
**[[Canton, China|Canton]] (Kuang-chou, Guangzhou)

See also: [[Romanization]]

[[Category:Chinese language romanization]]
[[Category:Postal system]]

[[es:Transcripción del sistema postal chino]]