Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Haiku

2006-10-17T10:35:12Z

195.93.21.8: /* Haiku außerhalb Japans */

{{Überarbeiten}}

{{Dieser Artikel|behandelt die Gedichtform Haiku. Für das gleichnamige Betriebssystem, siehe [[Haiku (Betriebssystem)]].}}

Ein '''Haiku''' ([[Japanisches Schriftsystem|jap.]] 俳句, ''lustiger Vers'') ist eine [[japan]]ische Versdichtung.

==Aufbau==
Die japanische Dichtung ist nicht Silben zählend, sondern quantisierend. Ein Haiku nach traditionellem Vorbild besteht aus einem [[Vers]] zu drei Wortgruppen à fünf, sieben und fünf japanischen [[More (Metrik)|Moren]] (5-7-5). Eine Mora ist eine Sprechzeiteinheit.
Eine japanische Silbe trägt eine Mora, wenn der Vokal kurz ist und die Silbe offen auslautet. Ein langer Vokal trägt zwei Moren. Ein ''n'' am Schluss einer Silbe oder ein verdoppelter Konsonant (Sokuon, wörtlich „gespannter Laut“) trägt ebenfalls eine Mora. Die meisten rein japanischen Wörter bestehen aus Silben mit einer Mora. Silben mit mehreren Moren sind meist [[sinojapanisch]]en Ursprungs.

Ein Beispiel:

''Nippon wa'' ist die erste Zeile eines Haiku und besteht aus fünf Moren wie folgt:

''Ni'' + ''p'' + ''po'' + ''n'' + ''wa''.

==Geschichte==
Vorläufer des Haiku waren das [[Tanka]] (5-7-5 und 7-7 Moren) und das [[Renga]] (eine Kette von Tanka). Das Haiku entstand im [[17. Jahrhundert]] als Herauslösung des Startverses ([[Hokku]]) aus dem Renga. Da der Renga-Startvers immer einen Hinweis auf die Jahreszeit (季語 ''[[Kigo]]'') enthalten musste, um den Zeitpunkt der Entstehung festzulegen, werden auch im Haiku meistens [[Szene]]n aus der Natur beschrieben.

Der erste große Haiku-Dichter war [[Matsuo Basho]] ([[1644]]-[[1694]]), dessen Frosch-Haiku wohl das meistzitierte Haiku der Welt ist:

{| width="50%"
| 古池や || ''furu ike ya'' || Der alte Weiher
|-
| 蛙飛び込む || ''kawazu tobikomu'' || Ein Frosch springt hinein
|-
| 水の音 || ''mizu no oto'' || Das Geräusch des Wassers
|}

Geprägt wurde der Begriff ''Haiku'' erst von [[Masaoka Shiki]] ([[1867]]-[[1902]]).

Große Haiku-Dichter waren zudem [[Buson]] und [[Kobayashi Yataro]], genannt [[Issa]], aus der Provinz [[Shinano]].
Issa brach zuweilen mit der konventionellen und erstarrten 5-7-5-Form. Seinen Werken, die der zunehmenden Sophistizierung der Haikus eine Absage erteilten, liegt eine tiefe Liebe zu Mensch und Kreatur zugrunde, die oft mit einem feinen Schuss Humor gewürzt waren:

Auf dem Seerosenblatt der Frosch 
aber was macht er 
für ein Gesicht?

== Allgemeines ==
Aus dem Vorwort des [[Kokinshu]] (Sammlung alter und neuer Gedichte) aus dem Jahre [[905]] stammt folgendes Zitat:
:''„Die japanische Dichtung hat als Samen das menschliche Herz, und ihr entsprießen unzählige Blätter von Wörtern. Viele Dinge ergreifen die Menschen in diesem Leben: sie versuchen dann, ihre Gefühle durch Bilder auszudrücken, die sie dem entnehmen, was sie sehen und hören.“'' <ref name="JL">Donald Keene, Japanische Literatur : Eine Einführung f. westl. Leser, Zürich, 1962. - ISBN B0000BK1R1</ref>

Dietrich Krusche nennt Prinzipien die im Regelfall für das Haiku gelten: Ein Haiku ist konkret. Gegenstand des Haiku ist ein Naturgegenstand außerhalb der menschlichen Natur. Abgebildet wird eine einmalige Situation oder ein einmaliges Ereignis. Diese Situation bzw. dieses Ereignis wird als gegenwärtig dargestellt. Im Haiku findet sich ein Bezug zu den Jahreszeiten.<ref name>Krusche, Dietrich: Essay, Erläuterungen zu einer fremden literarischen Gattung in: Hrsg. Krusche: Haiku, Japanische Gedichte:dtv, München, 1997</ref>

Die dargestellten Dinge sind Repräsentanten erlebter Momente und der damit verbundenen Gefühle. Die Natur spiegelt die Seele. Objekte werden stellvertretend und symbolhaft benutzt. Ein Bild als Beispiel: Fallende Blätter, Assoziation: Herbst, Gefühl: Melancholie. Darüber hinaus verweisen einige Autoren der betrachtenden Literatur auf eine weitergehende noch kulturspezifischere Symbolik. Bestimmte Objekte stehen ihrer Meinung nach stellvertretend für religiöse, gesellschaftliche und philosophische Themen. So nennt Bodmershof<ref name=BH>Bodmershof von, Wilhelm: Studie über das Haiku in: Bodmershof von, Imma: Haiku: dtv München, 2002</ref> beispielhaft den herabstürzenden Regen als Symbol des Todes oder das Haus als Symbol des irdischen Körpers.

Viele Haiku sind in kalligraphisch schöner Form dargestellt. Die Silbenzahl ergibt im Japanischen einen Sprechtakt, der einen ähnlichen Erinnerungswert bietet wie im Deutschen die Reime.

==Haiku außerhalb Japans==
Erst Mitte des [[20. Jahrhundert]]s begann das Haiku auch die westliche Welt zu erobern. Zunächst verbreitete es sich in Nordamerika und im gesamten englischen Sprachraum. Ein wichtiger Wegbereiter war der Engländer [[Reginald Horace Blyth]], der zeitweise als [[Lehrer]] am japanischen Hof arbeitete und von 1949 bis 1952 eine vierbändige Anthologie mit dem Titel „Haiku“ veröffentlichte. Heutzutage werden Haiku in fast allen Sprachen der Welt geschrieben.

===Deutschsprachige Haiku===
Auch im deutschsprachigen Raum hat das Haiku inzwischen Fuß gefasst. Im Deutschen ist das Silbenmuster 5-7-5 allerdings umstritten, da Silben in der deutschen Sprache viel freier gebildet werden können als im Japanischen und daher nicht zwangsläufig einen Rhythmus ergeben. Nach einer Gewöhnung an die typische Kürze des Haiku mittels des strengen Musters verfassen viele Autoren seit einigen Jahren immer öfter Dreizeiler ohne Silbenzählung.

Lange Zeit auf eine kleine Gemeinde von Haikuschreibenden beschränkt, hat sich in den letzten Jahren eine lebendige Szene im Internet entwickelt.

==Verwandte Begriffe==
Eine Form, die sich mehr mit dem Persönlichen und Emotionalen befasst, ist der dem Haiku sehr ähnliche [[Senryū]].

==Literatur==

===Ausgaben===
*Reginald Horace Blyth, Haiku, 4 Bände, Tokyo: Hokuseido, [1949]-1952
*Dietrich Krusche (Hrsg.): ''Haiku. Japanische Gedichte''. Dt. Taschenbuch Vlg., München 1994, ISBN 3-423-02336-8
*Jan Ulenbrook: ''Haiku. Japanische Dreizeiler''. Reclam, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-15-009400-3
===Sekundärliteratur===
*Roland Barthes: ''Das Reich der Zeichen''. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-518-11077-2
*Reginald Horace Blyth: ''A History of Haiku''. 2 Bände., Hokuseido, Tokyo 1963-1964

==Weblinks==
*[http://kulturserver-nds.de/home/haiku-dhg/ Deutsche Haiku-Gesellschaft]
*[http://www.haiku-heute.de/ Haiku heute]
*[http://www.ziemlichkraus.de/haiku/ HaikuHaiku]

== Quellen ==
<references/>

{{Navigationsleiste Japanische Gedichtformen}}

[[Kategorie:Japanische Literatur]]
[[Kategorie:Lyrische Form]]

[[ar:هايكو]]
[[ca:Haiku]]
[[cs:Haiku]]
[[cy:Haiku]]
[[da:Haiku]]
[[en:Haiku]]
[[eo:Hajko]]
[[es:Haiku]]
[[et:Haiku]]
[[fi:Haiku]]
[[fr:Haïku]]
[[gl:Haiku]]
[[he:האיקו]]
[[hu:Haiku]]
[[it:Haiku]]
[[ja:俳句]]
[[ka:ჰაიკუ]]
[[nl:Haiku]]
[[nn:Haiku]]
[[no:Haiku]]
[[nrm:Haiku]]
[[pl:Haiku]]
[[pt:Haikai]]
[[ro:Haiku]]
[[ru:Хайку]]
[[sk:Haiku]]
[[sl:Haiku]]
[[sq:Haiku]]
[[sv:Haiku]]
[[ta:ஹைக்கூ]]
[[th:ไฮกุ]]
[[tr:Haiku]]
[[uk:Хайку]]
[[zh:俳句]]

Lipkovo

2006-06-21T07:47:12Z

195.93.21.8:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" style="margin-left: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"
| align="center" style="background:#FF0000" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | '''Municipality Lipkovo (''[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]''''':'''Општина Липково)'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|----
| align="center" width="140px" | 
| align="center" width="140px" | 
|----
| align="center" style="background:#CDAA7D" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | '''Location'''
|----
! colspan="2" | [[Image:MKD muni nonn(Lipkovo).png|200px|Location]]
|----
| align="center" style="background:#6yutyti" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | '''General information'''
|----
| [[Municipality Center]]
| [[Lipkovo (village)|Lipkovo (Село Липково)]]
|----
| [[Area]]
| 267,82 km²
|----
| [[elevation ]]
| / m
|----
| [[postal_code]]
| 1307
|----
| [[area_code]]
| 037
|----
| licence
| KU
|----
| [[mayor]]
|[[Bekir Sakipi]]
|----
| [[website]]
| [/]
|----
| [[Population]]  -[[Population density|density]]
| 27 058 101,03 people/km²
|----
|}

'''Lipkovo''' ([[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]:Липково) is a [[municipality]] in [[northern]] [[Republic of Macedonia]]. ''[[Lipkovo (village)|Lipkovo]]'' is also the name of the [[village]] where the municipal seat is found.

The municipality borders [[Čučer-Sandevo municipality]] in the [[west]], [[City of Skopje]] in the [[southwest]], [[Aračinovo municipality]] in the [[south]] and [[Kumanovo municipality]] in the [[east]].

{| class="toccolours" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan=2 bgcolor="#F0F8FF" align="center"| [[Demographics]] of '''Lipkovo municipality''' || 
|-
! align="center"| [[Census|Census year]] !! align="right"| [[Population]]
|-
| colspan=3|<hr>
|-
| align="center"| 1994 || align="right"| 24,351
|-
| colspan=3|<hr>
|-
| align="center"| [http://msed.stat.gov.mk/msed.nsf/cd549cc3f96284dbc1256f2b0026e546/5db5887c1be3440ac1256f3900547f34/$FILE/I1%20Population%2015%20C2002%20123.pdf 2002] || align="right"| 27,058
|-
|}

{| class="toccolours" align="bottom" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! style="background:#FFFFFF" width="100%" |Inhabited places in '''Lipkovo Municipality'''|| 
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="3" |[[village|village(s)]]: [[Alaševce|Alaševce (Алашевце)]] | [[Belanovce|Belanovce (Белановце)]] | [[Vaksince|Vaksince (Ваксинце)]] | [[Vištica|Vištica (Виштица)]] | [[Glažnja|Glažnja (Глажња)]] | [[Gošince|Gošince (Гошинце)]] | [[Dumanovce|Dumanovce (Думановце)]] | [[Zlokukjane|Zlokukjane (Злокуќане)]] | [[Izvor|Izvor (Извор)]] | [[Lipkovo village|Lipkovo (Липково)]] | [[Lojane|Lojane(Лојане)]] | [[Matejče|Matejče (Матејче)]] | [[Nikuštak|Nikuštak (Никуштак)]] | [[Opae|Opae (Опае)]] | [[Orizari|Orizari (Оризари)]] | [[Otlja|Otlja (Отља)]] | [[R'nkovce|R'nkovce (Р'нковце)]] | [[Ropalce|Ropalce (Ропалце)]] | [[Runica|Runica (Руница)]] | [[Slupčane|Slupčane (Слупчане)]] | [[Straža |Straža (Стража)]] | [[Strima|Strima (Стрима)]]
|}
{{Municipalities of Macedonia}}

[[Category:Municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia]]

[[bg:Община Липково]]
[[it:Municipio di Lipkovo]]
[[mk:Општина Липково]]

Check on It

2006-04-27T15:24:56Z

195.93.21.8: /* Chart performance */

{{Infobox Single
| Name = Check on It
| Cover = BeyonceSingleB.gif
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] featuring [[Slim Thug]]
| from Album = [[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]
| Released = December 2005 ([[North America]]), 2006 (Elsewhere)
| Format = [[Digital download]], [[CD single]], [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| [ Recorded = ]
| Genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]/[[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]]
| Length = 3:31
| Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| Writer = Beyoncé Knowles, Angela Beyince, [[Slim Thug]], [[Kasseem Dean]], [[Sean Garrett]]
| Producer = Beyoncé Knowles, [[Swizz Beatz]]
| Certification = [[platinum single|3x platinum]] ([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])
| Chart position = <nowiki></nowiki>
* #1 (U.S., New Zealand)
* #3 (UK)
* #20 (Canada)
| NoReviews = yes
| Misc =
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "Dangerously in Love 2" (2004)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = —
}}
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Slim Thug]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "[[Luxurious (song)|Luxurious]]" (2005)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = "Still Tippin'" (2005)
}}
}}
"'''Check on It'''" is a song written, produced and recorded by American [[rhythm and blues|R&B]] singer [[Beyoncé Knowles]] for [[Destiny's Child]]'s greatest hits album, ''[[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]''. It was co-written by [[Slim Thug]] (who is a featured artist on the song), [[Kasseem Dean]] and [[Sean Garrett]], and co-produced by [[Swizz Beatz]]. The song is also included on the soundtrack to the 2006 film ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'', in which Beyoncé co-stars. The song was not originally intended for release as a [[single (music)|single]] from ''#1's'', but it was played by [[radio station]]s instead of the first single, "[[Stand Up for Love]]" (recorded by all three members of Destiny's Child), which became a commercial failure.

==Music video==
As demand grew for the song, Beyoncé shot a [[music video]] serving as promotion for both ''#1's'' and ''The Pink Panther'' (although it was not included on the soundtrack CD). The [[music video]] was directed by [[Hype Williams]], and premiered on [[December 16]] [[2005]]. The video remix features a rap from [[Bun B]] and scenes from ''The Pink Panther''. The music video features a "[[pink]]" theme, where Beyoncé is shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with the Pink Panther motion picture).
It was also one of the first to start the picture-widescreen fad. There is video moving in the backround whilst the music video is still maintained in widescreen ratio. Her provocative dancing matches the chorus to the song "Oooh boy you looking like you like what you see," which suggests the title of the song.

==Chart performance==
Because of its heavy [[radio airplay]], "Check on It" managed to debut on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in late 2005. The single reached the [[Billboard Hot 100]] peak in its twelfth week (replacing [[Nelly]]'s "[[Grillz]]", on which Knowles also has writing credit), becoming Beyoncé's third number-one as a solo artist, and Slim Thug's first. The single remained at number-one for five consecutive weeks, making it the most successful single of 2006 thus far. It has been certified [[Platinum single|four times platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for net shipment of 800,000 paid downloads. It became Beyoncé's fifth top-twenty hit in Canada in late 2005, and in early 2006, it debuted in the UK top five. On January 31, 2006, "Check on It" passed the 200 million audience impressions mark in the United States, according to [[Mediabase]]. In February 2006, the song climbed to #20 on the Canadian airplay chart for a second time.

{| class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005/2006)
!align="left"|Peak Position
|-
|align="left"|Canadian BDS Airplay Chart
|align="center"|20 (2 weeks)
|-
!align="left"|Chart (2006)
!align="left"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-

|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Airplay
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Video Clip Tracks
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Urban Singles Chart (R&B/Hip-Hop)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Download Sales Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Television Airplay Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Radio Airplay Chart
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|New Zealand Singles Chart (RIANZ)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Swiss Singles Chart
|align="center"|7 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Finnish Singles Chart
|align="center"|6
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Belgium Singles Chart
|align="center"|9 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|European Singles Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|German Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Hot 100 Brasil
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|United World Tracks Chart 1
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|World Top 100 Airplay 2
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|World Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|World R&B Singles Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. iTunes Top Songs Chart
|align="center"|1 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Yahoo! Music Video Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. VH1 Music Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (7 weeks)
|-
|align="left"| U.S. AOL Music Top 11 Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|}
1: The United World Tracks Chart is compiled by the data of global airplay, single-sales data, paid downloads and vote from over 40 official music industry chart countries. (eg. Billboard from the US, The Official UK Chart Company from the UK, ARIA from Australia and so forth). Both United World Tracks and Sales Chart are compiled by ''Media Traffic''.

2: The World Airplay Official Top 100 Chart is compiled by ''top40-charts.com'' based on a worldwide sample of 2650 radio stations' airplay count data on their playlist chart.

{| class="wikitable"
!align=center" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart trajectory
|-
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
|}
!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Chart position
|72
|55
|34
|27
|21
|18
|8
|7
|10
|3
|2
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|2
|5
|8
|10
|12
|15
|19
|27
|35
|}

==External links==
*[http://www.videocode.org/?song=36981 "Check on It" music video]
*[http://top40.about.com/od/singles/gr/checkonit.htm About.com's page on the song]

[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Beyoncé singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Pop 100 number-one singles]]

Check on It

2006-04-27T15:23:58Z

195.93.21.8: /* Chart performance */

{{Infobox Single
| Name = Check on It
| Cover = BeyonceSingleB.gif
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] featuring [[Slim Thug]]
| from Album = [[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]
| Released = December 2005 ([[North America]]), 2006 (Elsewhere)
| Format = [[Digital download]], [[CD single]], [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| [ Recorded = ]
| Genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]/[[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]]
| Length = 3:31
| Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| Writer = Beyoncé Knowles, Angela Beyince, [[Slim Thug]], [[Kasseem Dean]], [[Sean Garrett]]
| Producer = Beyoncé Knowles, [[Swizz Beatz]]
| Certification = [[platinum single|3x platinum]] ([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])
| Chart position = <nowiki></nowiki>
* #1 (U.S., New Zealand)
* #3 (UK)
* #20 (Canada)
| NoReviews = yes
| Misc =
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "Dangerously in Love 2" (2004)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = —
}}
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Slim Thug]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "[[Luxurious (song)|Luxurious]]" (2005)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = "Still Tippin'" (2005)
}}
}}
"'''Check on It'''" is a song written, produced and recorded by American [[rhythm and blues|R&B]] singer [[Beyoncé Knowles]] for [[Destiny's Child]]'s greatest hits album, ''[[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]''. It was co-written by [[Slim Thug]] (who is a featured artist on the song), [[Kasseem Dean]] and [[Sean Garrett]], and co-produced by [[Swizz Beatz]]. The song is also included on the soundtrack to the 2006 film ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'', in which Beyoncé co-stars. The song was not originally intended for release as a [[single (music)|single]] from ''#1's'', but it was played by [[radio station]]s instead of the first single, "[[Stand Up for Love]]" (recorded by all three members of Destiny's Child), which became a commercial failure.

==Music video==
As demand grew for the song, Beyoncé shot a [[music video]] serving as promotion for both ''#1's'' and ''The Pink Panther'' (although it was not included on the soundtrack CD). The [[music video]] was directed by [[Hype Williams]], and premiered on [[December 16]] [[2005]]. The video remix features a rap from [[Bun B]] and scenes from ''The Pink Panther''. The music video features a "[[pink]]" theme, where Beyoncé is shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with the Pink Panther motion picture).
It was also one of the first to start the picture-widescreen fad. There is video moving in the backround whilst the music video is still maintained in widescreen ratio. Her provocative dancing matches the chorus to the song "Oooh boy you looking like you like what you see," which suggests the title of the song.

==Chart performance==
Because of its heavy [[radio airplay]], "Check on It" managed to debut on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in late 2005. The single reached the [[Billboard Hot 100]] peak in its twelfth week (replacing [[Nelly]]'s "[[Grillz]]", on which Knowles also has writing credit), becoming Beyoncé's third number-one as a solo artist, and Slim Thug's first. The single remained at number-one for five consecutive weeks, making it the most successful single of 2006 thus far. It has been certified [[Platinum single|four times platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for net shipment of 800,000 paid downloads. It became Beyoncé's fifth top-twenty hit in Canada in late 2005, and in early 2006, it debuted in the UK top five. On January 31, 2006, "Check on It" passed the 200 million audience impressions mark in the United States, according to [[Mediabase]]. In February 2006, the song climbed to #20 on the Canadian airplay chart for a second time.

{| class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005/2006)
!align="left"|Peak Position
|-
|align="left"|Canadian BDS Airplay Chart
|align="center"|20 (2 weeks)
|-
!align="left"|Chart (2006)
!align="left"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-

|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Airplay
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Video Clip Tracks
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Urban Singles Chart (R&B/Hip-Hop)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Download Sales Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Television Airplay Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Radio Airplay Chart
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|New Zealand Singles Chart (RIANZ)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Swiss Singles Chart
|align="center"|7 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Finnish Singles Chart
|align="center"|6
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Belgium Singles Chart
|align="center"|9 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|European Singles Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|German Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Hot 100 Brasil
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|United World Tracks Chart 1
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|World Top 100 Airplay 2
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|World Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|World R&B Singles Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. iTunes Top Songs Chart
|align="center"|1 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Yahoo! Music Video Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. VH1 Music Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (7 weeks)
|-
|align="left"| U.S. AOL Music Top 11 Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|}
1: The United World Tracks Chart is compiled by the data of global airplay, single-sales data, paid downloads and vote from over 40 official music industry chart countries. (eg. Billboard from the US, The Official UK Chart Company from the UK, ARIA from Australia and so forth). Both United World Tracks and Sales Chart are compiled by ''Media Traffic''.

2: The World Airplay Official Top 100 Chart is compiled by ''top40-charts.com'' based on a worldwide sample of 2650 radio stations' airplay count data on their playlist chart.

{| class="wikitable"
!align=center" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart trajectory
|-
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
|}

!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Chart position
|72
|55
|34
|27
|21
|18
|8
|7
|10
|3
|2
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|2
|5
|8
|10
|12
|15
|19
|27
|35
|}

==External links==
*[http://www.videocode.org/?song=36981 "Check on It" music video]
*[http://top40.about.com/od/singles/gr/checkonit.htm About.com's page on the song]

[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Beyoncé singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Pop 100 number-one singles]]

Check on It

2006-04-27T15:22:40Z

195.93.21.8: /* Chart performance */

{{Infobox Single
| Name = Check on It
| Cover = BeyonceSingleB.gif
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] featuring [[Slim Thug]]
| from Album = [[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]
| Released = December 2005 ([[North America]]), 2006 (Elsewhere)
| Format = [[Digital download]], [[CD single]], [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| [ Recorded = ]
| Genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]/[[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]]
| Length = 3:31
| Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| Writer = Beyoncé Knowles, Angela Beyince, [[Slim Thug]], [[Kasseem Dean]], [[Sean Garrett]]
| Producer = Beyoncé Knowles, [[Swizz Beatz]]
| Certification = [[platinum single|3x platinum]] ([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])
| Chart position = <nowiki></nowiki>
* #1 (U.S., New Zealand)
* #3 (UK)
* #20 (Canada)
| NoReviews = yes
| Misc =
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "Dangerously in Love 2" (2004)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = —
}}
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Slim Thug]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "[[Luxurious (song)|Luxurious]]" (2005)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = "Still Tippin'" (2005)
}}
}}
"'''Check on It'''" is a song written, produced and recorded by American [[rhythm and blues|R&B]] singer [[Beyoncé Knowles]] for [[Destiny's Child]]'s greatest hits album, ''[[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]''. It was co-written by [[Slim Thug]] (who is a featured artist on the song), [[Kasseem Dean]] and [[Sean Garrett]], and co-produced by [[Swizz Beatz]]. The song is also included on the soundtrack to the 2006 film ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'', in which Beyoncé co-stars. The song was not originally intended for release as a [[single (music)|single]] from ''#1's'', but it was played by [[radio station]]s instead of the first single, "[[Stand Up for Love]]" (recorded by all three members of Destiny's Child), which became a commercial failure.

==Music video==
As demand grew for the song, Beyoncé shot a [[music video]] serving as promotion for both ''#1's'' and ''The Pink Panther'' (although it was not included on the soundtrack CD). The [[music video]] was directed by [[Hype Williams]], and premiered on [[December 16]] [[2005]]. The video remix features a rap from [[Bun B]] and scenes from ''The Pink Panther''. The music video features a "[[pink]]" theme, where Beyoncé is shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with the Pink Panther motion picture).
It was also one of the first to start the picture-widescreen fad. There is video moving in the backround whilst the music video is still maintained in widescreen ratio. Her provocative dancing matches the chorus to the song "Oooh boy you looking like you like what you see," which suggests the title of the song.

==Chart performance==
Because of its heavy [[radio airplay]], "Check on It" managed to debut on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in late 2005. The single reached the [[Billboard Hot 100]] peak in its twelfth week (replacing [[Nelly]]'s "[[Grillz]]", on which Knowles also has writing credit), becoming Beyoncé's third number-one as a solo artist, and Slim Thug's first. The single remained at number-one for five consecutive weeks, making it the most successful single of 2006 thus far. It has been certified [[Platinum single|four times platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for net shipment of 800,000 paid downloads. It became Beyoncé's fifth top-twenty hit in Canada in late 2005, and in early 2006, it debuted in the UK top five. On January 31, 2006, "Check on It" passed the 200 million audience impressions mark in the United States, according to [[Mediabase]]. In February 2006, the song climbed to #20 on the Canadian airplay chart for a second time.

{| class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005/2006)
!align="left"|Peak Position
|-
|align="left"|Canadian BDS Airplay Chart
|align="center"|20 (2 weeks)
|-
!align="left"|Chart (2006)
!align="left"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-

|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Airplay
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Video Clip Tracks
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Urban Singles Chart (R&B/Hip-Hop)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Download Sales Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Television Airplay Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Radio Airplay Chart
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|New Zealand Singles Chart (RIANZ)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Swiss Singles Chart
|align="center"|7 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Finnish Singles Chart
|align="center"|6
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Belgium Singles Chart
|align="center"|9 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|European Singles Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|German Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Hot 100 Brasil
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|United World Tracks Chart 1
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|World Top 100 Airplay 2
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|World Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|World R&B Singles Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. iTunes Top Songs Chart
|align="center"|1 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Yahoo! Music Video Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. VH1 Music Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (7 weeks)
|-
|align="left"| U.S. AOL Music Top 11 Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|}
1: The United World Tracks Chart is compiled by the data of global airplay, single-sales data, paid downloads and vote from over 40 official music industry chart countries. (eg. Billboard from the US, The Official UK Chart Company from the UK, ARIA from Australia and so forth). Both United World Tracks and Sales Chart are compiled by ''Media Traffic''.

2: The World Airplay Official Top 100 Chart is compiled by ''top40-charts.com'' based on a worldwide sample of 2650 radio stations' airplay count data on their playlist chart.

{| class="wikitable"
!align=center" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart trajectory
|-
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
|

!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Chart position
|72
|55
|34
|27
|21
|18
|8
|7
|10
|3
|2
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|2
|5
|8
|10
|12
|15
|19
|27
|35

==External links==
*[http://www.videocode.org/?song=36981 "Check on It" music video]
*[http://top40.about.com/od/singles/gr/checkonit.htm About.com's page on the song]

[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Beyoncé singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Pop 100 number-one singles]]

Check on It

2006-04-27T15:21:48Z

195.93.21.8: /* Chart performance */

{{Infobox Single
| Name = Check on It
| Cover = BeyonceSingleB.gif
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]] featuring [[Slim Thug]]
| from Album = [[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]
| Released = December 2005 ([[North America]]), 2006 (Elsewhere)
| Format = [[Digital download]], [[CD single]], [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| [ Recorded = ]
| Genre = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]/[[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]]
| Length = 3:31
| Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| Writer = Beyoncé Knowles, Angela Beyince, [[Slim Thug]], [[Kasseem Dean]], [[Sean Garrett]]
| Producer = Beyoncé Knowles, [[Swizz Beatz]]
| Certification = [[platinum single|3x platinum]] ([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])
| Chart position = <nowiki></nowiki>
* #1 (U.S., New Zealand)
* #3 (UK)
* #20 (Canada)
| NoReviews = yes
| Misc =
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "Dangerously in Love 2" (2004)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = —
}}
{{Extra chronology
| Artist = [[Slim Thug]]
| Type = singles
| Last single = "[[Luxurious (song)|Luxurious]]" (2005)
| This single = "Check on It" (2005)
| Next single = "Still Tippin'" (2005)
}}
}}
"'''Check on It'''" is a song written, produced and recorded by American [[rhythm and blues|R&B]] singer [[Beyoncé Knowles]] for [[Destiny's Child]]'s greatest hits album, ''[[Number 1's (Destiny's Child album)|#1's]]''. It was co-written by [[Slim Thug]] (who is a featured artist on the song), [[Kasseem Dean]] and [[Sean Garrett]], and co-produced by [[Swizz Beatz]]. The song is also included on the soundtrack to the 2006 film ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'', in which Beyoncé co-stars. The song was not originally intended for release as a [[single (music)|single]] from ''#1's'', but it was played by [[radio station]]s instead of the first single, "[[Stand Up for Love]]" (recorded by all three members of Destiny's Child), which became a commercial failure.

==Music video==
As demand grew for the song, Beyoncé shot a [[music video]] serving as promotion for both ''#1's'' and ''The Pink Panther'' (although it was not included on the soundtrack CD). The [[music video]] was directed by [[Hype Williams]], and premiered on [[December 16]] [[2005]]. The video remix features a rap from [[Bun B]] and scenes from ''The Pink Panther''. The music video features a "[[pink]]" theme, where Beyoncé is shown in mostly all pink (to fit in with the Pink Panther motion picture).
It was also one of the first to start the picture-widescreen fad. There is video moving in the backround whilst the music video is still maintained in widescreen ratio. Her provocative dancing matches the chorus to the song "Oooh boy you looking like you like what you see," which suggests the title of the song.

==Chart performance==
Because of its heavy [[radio airplay]], "Check on It" managed to debut on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in late 2005. The single reached the [[Billboard Hot 100]] peak in its twelfth week (replacing [[Nelly]]'s "[[Grillz]]", on which Knowles also has writing credit), becoming Beyoncé's third number-one as a solo artist, and Slim Thug's first. The single remained at number-one for five consecutive weeks, making it the most successful single of 2006 thus far. It has been certified [[Platinum single|four times platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for net shipment of 800,000 paid downloads. It became Beyoncé's fifth top-twenty hit in Canada in late 2005, and in early 2006, it debuted in the UK top five. On January 31, 2006, "Check on It" passed the 200 million audience impressions mark in the United States, according to [[Mediabase]]. In February 2006, the song climbed to #20 on the Canadian airplay chart for a second time.

{| class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005/2006)
!align="left"|Peak Position
|-
|align="left"|Canadian BDS Airplay Chart
|align="center"|20 (2 weeks)
|-
!align="left"|Chart (2006)
!align="left"|Peak position
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-

|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Airplay
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Video Clip Tracks
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Urban Singles Chart (R&B/Hip-Hop)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Download Sales Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Television Airplay Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Official UK Radio Airplay Chart
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|New Zealand Singles Chart (RIANZ)
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Swiss Singles Chart
|align="center"|7 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|Finnish Singles Chart
|align="center"|6
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Belgium Singles Chart
|align="center"|9 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|European Singles Chart
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|German Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Hot 100 Brasil
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|United World Tracks Chart 1
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|World Top 100 Airplay 2
|align="center"|1 (2 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|World Physical Sales Chart
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|World R&B Singles Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. iTunes Top Songs Chart
|align="center"|1 (3 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Yahoo! Music Video Chart
|align="center"|1 (4 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. VH1 Music Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (7 weeks)
|-
|align="left"| U.S. AOL Music Top 11 Videos Chart
|align="center"|1 (5 weeks)
|}
1: The United World Tracks Chart is compiled by the data of global airplay, single-sales data, paid downloads and vote from over 40 official music industry chart countries. (eg. Billboard from the US, The Official UK Chart Company from the UK, ARIA from Australia and so forth). Both United World Tracks and Sales Chart are compiled by ''Media Traffic''.

2: The World Airplay Official Top 100 Chart is compiled by ''top40-charts.com'' based on a worldwide sample of 2650 radio stations' airplay count data on their playlist chart.

{| class="wikitable"
!align=center" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart trajectory
|-
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
|
!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Chart position
|72
|55
|34
|27
|21
|18
|8
|7
|10
|3
|2
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|2
|5
|8
|10
|12
|15
|19
|27
|35

==External links==
*[http://www.videocode.org/?song=36981 "Check on It" music video]
*[http://top40.about.com/od/singles/gr/checkonit.htm About.com's page on the song]

[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Beyoncé singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Pop 100 number-one singles]]

It’s Like That

2006-01-09T14:29:15Z

195.93.21.8: /* Charts */

{{Single infobox
| Name = It's Like That
| Cover = Mariahcareysingle_ilt.jpg
| Artist = [[Mariah Carey]]
| from Album = [[The Emancipation of Mimi]]
| Released = [[2005]]
| Format = [[Digital download]] [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| Recorded = —
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]/[[R&B]]
| Length = 3:23
| Label = [[Island Def Jam Records|Island/Def Jam]]
| Writer = Mariah Carey [[Jermaine Dupri]] [[Manuel Seal]] [[Johnta Austin]]
| Producer = Mariah Carey Jermaine Dupri Manuel Seal
| Chart position = <ul><li>#4 ([[United Kingdom|UK]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#7 ([[Italy]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#9 ([[Australia]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#16 ([[United States|U.S.]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#29 ([[Canada]])</li></ul>
| Reviews =
| Last single = "[[U Make Me Wanna]]" (2004)
| This single = "It's Like That" (2005)
| Next single = "[[We Belong Together]]" (2005)
}}
"'''It's Like That'''" is a song written and produced by American singer-songwriter [[Mariah Carey]] for her fourteenth album, ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]''. It was co-written by [[Jermaine Dupri]], [[Manuel Seal]] and [[Johnta Austin]] and co-produced by Dupri and Seal. The song borrows the hook "it's like that y'all" from the [[Run-D.M.C.]] track "Hollis Crew" (1984), showing the strong influence of [[old school hip hop]] on Carey's 2005 sound. "It's Like That" was among the last songs recorded for ''The Emancipation of Mimi'', and was the first [[single (music)|single]] to be released from the album, in [[2005]] (see [[2005 in music]]). It was a top twenty hit in several countries, including the [[United States]].

==Composition and meaning==
After recording nearly twenty tracks for the album, Carey was satisfied with her output, but her boss, [[L.A. Reid]], thought something was missing, and asked her to write more songs with Dupri. The results were the songs "It's Like That" and "[[We Belong Together]]". Although the song has rapped/spoken parts from Dupri and [[Fatman Scoop]], they are not credited for technical reasons. In this club-inspired track, Carey declares that she "came to have a party" and briefly dabbles in [[alcohol]] and [[marijuana]] usage. She then notes that "it's her night" and relaxes, before chanting "It's like that, y'all".

==Chart performance==

"It's Like That" was one of Carey's biggest commercial successes in years, reaching number sixteen on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100]], which contrasts with the chart performance of some of Carey's previous singles in recent years, some of which had failed to chart on the Hot 100 or even the [[Hot 100 Bubbling Under Singles]] chart. The song was close to reaching the top ten of the Hot 100, but was exposed to radio without the help of a [[music video]]. By the time the video had been released, the song was already dropping on the charts. The single's chart positions also seemed to be affected by sales, as [[digital downloads]] had been given heavy weight in determining chart positions since Carey's last major song had charted. Videos have proven helpful in increasing downloads, but the video for "It's Like That" was unable to help the song due to its late release. Eventually the song was certified [[gold single|gold]] and [[platinum single|platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]], becoming Carey's twenty-fourth gold single and her first gold digital single.

As many changes were being made to [[Billboard magazine|Billboard]] charts in 2005, Carey was able to enter some new charts for the first time. As digital downloads were now being counted towards Billboard, "It's Like That" was Carey's first song to chart on [[Hot Digital Songs]] and her first non-holiday song on [[Hot Digital Tracks]]. Carey was also able to perform well on the relatively new [[Dance Radio Airplay]] charts. "It's Like That" became Carey's first single to chart on the renamed [[Hot Dance Singles Sales]] (previously [[Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales]]), and also became her first solo entry on the Hot Ringtones. "It's Like That" was the last single of Carey's to chart on the [[Top 40 Tracks]], which was removed from Billboard while Carey was still on it, and was replaced by the [[Pop 100]] and the [[Pop 100 Airplay]]. ("It's Like That" was also Carey's first entry on the Pop 100 and the Pop 100 Airplay.)

==Remixes and video==

There is an official remix produced by [[Scott Storch]] that has a more Middle Eastern flavor and a rap by [[Fat Joe]]. Dance remixes, with resung vocals by Carey, were produced by [[David Morales]]. [[Peter Rauhofer]] has also remixed this song, but his remixes have not yet been released. As many singles nowadays do not have commercial CD single releases, the remixes were only released on twelve-inch vinyl maxi single. Two maxi singles were released, however, boosting the song to a respectable position for a twelve-inch vinyl maxi single on the [[Hot 100 Singles Sales]] and the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales]].

The video for the single was directed by [[Brett Ratner]], who also directed some of Carey's other videos, including "We Belong Together", the sequel to this video. Initially, Carey had wanted [[Paul Hunter (director)|Paul Hunter]] to direct the video, but he was apparently busy. Carey, a close friend of Ratner, was reluctant at first, as Ratner had stopped directing videos for the most part, but after hearing a proposed treatment, she approved.

[[Image:Its like that.jpg|thumb|250px|Carey walking into the club]]
The main setting of the video is a party at a mysterious mansion turned nightclub on the night before Carey's wedding. Several guests are seen wearing [[mask]]s, and there are celebrity [[cameo appearance]]s by [[Brian McKnight]], [[Randy Jackson]], and the two featured rappers on the track, Dupri and Fatman Scoop. The crowd at the party can be seen having a good time as they dance along to the song and play various [[casino]] games such as [[craps]]. Carey's [[fiancé]] (played by [[Eric Roberts]]) refuses to partake in party activities and secretly spies on Carey and the rest of the party through a [[surveillance camera]] from his office. Carey is having a good time and is singing along to Fatman Scoops's outro rap when she sees a party guest (played by [[Wentworth Miller]]) taking off his mask and revealing himself to be an ex-beau of hers. The video ends on a cliffhanger, which leads to the video for the album's second single, "We Belong Together"(the two videos were filmed simultaneously). The video was released on November 15, 2005 on DVD as part of "The Emancipation of Mimi: Ultra Platinum Edition."

==Track listings of major-single releases==

===UK CD single/European CD single===
#"It's Like That" (album version)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales radio mix)

===UK CD maxi single/European CD maxi single===
#"It's Like That" (album version)
#"It's Like That" (no rap)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales club mix)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales classic mix)
#"It's Like That" (Stereo Experience)

==Charts==
[[Image:Its like that yall.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Carey with two of the masked men]]
"It's Like That" debuted at number fifty-three on the Billboard Hot 100, and remained on the chart for twenty weeks. It was Carey's seventh number-one single on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, and her ninth on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.

{|class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005)
!align="center"|Position #
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales
|align="center"|8
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|20
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Dance Radio Airplay
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Top 40 Tracks
|align="center"|34
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Mainstream Top 40
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Ringtones
|align="center"|27
|-
|align="left"|UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|4 (11 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|ARIA Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Germany Singles Chart
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|Sweden Top 60 Singles
|align="center"|47
|-
|align="left"|France Top 100 Singles
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|Switzerland Top 100 Singles
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|Norway Singles Top 20
|align="center"|13
|-
|align="left"|Canadian Singles Chart
|align="center"|29
|-
|align="left"|Tokyo Hot 100 (Japan)
|align="center"|1
|}

{|class="wikitable"
!align="center" bgcolor="white" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Chart trajectory
|- style="background-color: #white;"
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
|-
!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Position
|53
|36
|24
|20
|19
|20
|16
|16
|17
|19
|24
|30
|36
|27
|33
|45
|51
|53
|64
|66
|}

==U.K. Charts==

'''IT'S LIKE THAT'''-{4}-6-8-11-18-23-31-43-57-63-68-{11 Wks}

==Samples==
{{multi-listen start}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=RunDMCMariahCarey.ogg|title=Side by side comparison with "Hollis Crew" by Run-D.M.C.|description=Carey borrowed the hook "it's like that y'all!" from the track "Hollis Crew", which appears on [[Run-D.M.C.]]'s debut album ''[[Run-D.M.C. (album)|Run-D.M.C.]]'' (1984).|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen end}}

[[Category:Mariah Carey singles]]
[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]

[[fr:It's Like That]]
{{Mariah Carey2}}

It’s Like That

2005-12-27T17:25:09Z

195.93.21.8: /* Charts */

{{Single infobox
| Name = It's Like That
| Cover = Mariahcareysingle_ilt.jpg
| Artist = [[Mariah Carey]]
| from Album = [[The Emancipation of Mimi]]
| Released = [[2005]]
| Format = [[Digital download]] [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| Recorded = —
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]/[[R&B]]
| Length = 3:23
| Label = [[Island Def Jam Records|Island/Def Jam]]
| Writer = Mariah Carey [[Jermaine Dupri]] [[Manuel Seal]] [[Johnta Austin]]
| Producer = Mariah Carey Jermaine Dupri Manuel Seal
| Chart position = <ul><li>#4 ([[United Kingdom|UK]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#7 ([[Italy]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#9 ([[Australia]], [[Canada]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#16 ([[United States|U.S.]])</li></ul>
| Reviews =
| Last single = "[[U Make Me Wanna]]" (2004)
| This single = "It's Like That" (2005)
| Next single = "[[We Belong Together]]" (2005)
}}
"'''It's Like That'''" is a song written and produced by American singer-songwriter [[Mariah Carey]] for her fourteenth album, ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]''. It was co-written by [[Jermaine Dupri]], [[Manuel Seal]] and [[Johnta Austin]] and co-produced by Dupri and Seal. The song borrows the hook "it's like that y'all" from the [[Run-D.M.C.]] track "Hollis Crew" (1984), showing the strong influence of [[old school hip hop]] on Carey's 2005 sound. "It's Like That" was among the last songs recorded for ''The Emancipation of Mimi'', and was the first [[single (music)|single]] to be released from the album, in [[2005]] (see [[2005 in music]]). It was a top twenty hit in several countries, including the [[United States]].

==Composition and meaning==
After recording nearly twenty tracks for the album, Carey was satisfied with her output, but her boss, [[L.A. Reid]], thought something was missing, and asked her to write more songs with Dupri. The results were the songs "It's Like That" and "[[We Belong Together]]". Although the song has rapped/spoken parts from Dupri and [[Fatman Scoop]], they are not credited for technical reasons. In this club-inspired track, Carey declares that she "came to have a party" and briefly dabbles in [[alcohol]] and [[marijuana]] usage. She then notes that "it's her night" and relaxes, before chanting "It's like that, y'all".

==Chart performance==

"It's Like That" was one of Carey's biggest commercial successes in years, reaching number sixteen on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100]], which contrasts with the chart performance of some of Carey's previous singles in recent years, some of which had failed to chart on the Hot 100 or even the [[Hot 100 Bubbling Under Singles]] chart. The song was close to reaching the top ten of the Hot 100, but was exposed to radio without the help of a [[music video]]. By the time the video had been released, the song was already dropping on the charts. The single's chart positions also seemed to be affected by sales, as [[digital downloads]] had been given heavy weight in determining chart positions since Carey's last major song had charted. Videos have proven helpful in increasing downloads, but the video for "It's Like That" was unable to help the song due to its late release. Eventually the song was certified [[gold single|gold]] and [[platinum single|platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]], becoming Carey's twenty-fourth gold single and her first gold digital single.

As many changes were being made to [[Billboard magazine|Billboard]] charts in 2005, Carey was able to enter some new charts for the first time. As digital downloads were now being counted towards Billboard, "It's Like That" was Carey's first song to chart on [[Hot Digital Songs]] and her first non-holiday song on [[Hot Digital Tracks]]. Carey was also able to perform well on the relatively new [[Dance Radio Airplay]] charts. "It's Like That" became Carey's first single to chart on the renamed [[Hot Dance Singles Sales]] (previously [[Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales]]), and also became her first solo entry on the Hot Ringtones. "It's Like That" was the last single of Carey's to chart on the [[Top 40 Tracks]], which was removed from Billboard while Carey was still on it, and was replaced by the [[Pop 100]] and the [[Pop 100 Airplay]]. ("It's Like That" was also Carey's first entry on the Pop 100 and the Pop 100 Airplay.)

==Remixes and video==

There is an official remix produced by [[Scott Storch]] that has a more Middle Eastern flavor and a rap by [[Fat Joe]]. Dance remixes, with resung vocals by Carey, were produced by [[David Morales]]. [[Peter Rauhofer]] has also remixed this song, but his remixes have not yet been released. As many singles nowadays do not have commercial CD single releases, the remixes were only released on twelve-inch vinyl maxi single. Two maxi singles were released, however, boosting the song to a respectable position for a twelve-inch vinyl maxi single on the [[Hot 100 Singles Sales]] and the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales]].

The video for the single was directed by [[Brett Ratner]], who also directed some of Carey's other videos, including "We Belong Together", the sequel to this video. Initially, Carey had wanted [[Paul Hunter (director)|Paul Hunter]] to direct the video, but he was apparently busy. Carey, a close friend of Ratner, was reluctant at first, as Ratner had stopped directing videos for the most part, but after hearing a proposed treatment, she approved.

[[Image:Its like that.jpg|thumb|250px|Carey walking into the club]]
The main setting of the video is a party at a mysterious mansion turned nightclub on the night before Carey's wedding. Several guests are seen wearing [[mask]]s, and there are celebrity [[cameo appearance]]s by [[Brian McKnight]], [[Randy Jackson]], and the two featured rappers on the track, Dupri and Fatman Scoop. The crowd at the party can be seen having a good time as they dance along to the song and play various [[casino]] games such as [[craps]]. Carey's [[fiancé]] (played by [[Eric Roberts]]) refuses to partake in party activities and secretly spies on Carey and the rest of the party through a [[surveillance camera]] from his office. Carey is having a good time and is singing along to Fatman Scoops's outro rap when she sees a party guest (played by [[Wentworth Miller]]) taking off his mask and revealing himself to be an ex-beau of hers. The video ends on a cliffhanger, which leads to the video for the album's second single, "We Belong Together"(the two videos were filmed simultaneously). The video was released on November 15, 2005 on DVD as part of "The Emancipation of Mimi: Ultra Platinum Edition."

==Track listings of major-single releases==

===UK CD single/European CD single===
#"It's Like That" (album version)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales radio mix)

===UK CD maxi single/European CD maxi single===
#"It's Like That" (album version)
#"It's Like That" (no rap)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales club mix)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales classic mix)
#"It's Like That" (Stereo Experience)

==Charts==
[[Image:Its like that yall.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Carey with two of the masked men]]
"It's Like That" debuted at number fifty-three on the Billboard Hot 100, and remained on the chart for twenty weeks. It was Carey's seventh number-one single on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, and her ninth on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.

{|class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005)
!align="center"|Position #
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales
|align="center"|8
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|20
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Dance Radio Airplay
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Top 40 Tracks
|align="center"|34
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Mainstream Top 40
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Ringtones
|align="center"|27
|-
|align="left"|UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|4 (11 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|ARIA Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Germany Singles Chart
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|Sweden Top 60 Singles
|align="center"|47
|-
|align="left"|France Top 100 Singles
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|Switzerland Top 100 Singles
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|Norway Singles Top 20
|align="center"|13
|-
|align="left"|Canadian Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Tokyo Hot 100 (Japan)
|align="center"|1
|}

{|class="wikitable"
!align="center" bgcolor="white" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Chart trajectory
|- style="background-color: #white;"
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
|-
!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Position
|53
|36
|24
|20
|19
|20
|16
|16
|17
|19
|24
|30
|36
|27
|33
|45
|51
|53
|64
|66
|}

==U.K. Chart Run==

{| class="wikitable"
!align="center"|UK Singles Chart
|-
!align="left" |Week
!align="center"|01
!align="center"|02
!align="center"|03
!align="center"|04
!align="center"|05
!align="center"|06
!align="center"|07
!align="center"|08
!align="center"|09
!align="center"|10
!align="center"|11
|-
!align="left" |Chart position
!align="center"|4
!align="center"|6
!align="center"|8
!align="center"|11
!align="center"|18
!align="center"|23
!align="center"|31
!align="center"|43
!align="center"|57
!align="center"|63
!align="center"|68
|-
|}

==Samples==
{{multi-listen start}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=RunDMCMariahCarey.ogg|title=Side by side comparison with "Hollis Crew" by Run-D.M.C.|description=Carey borrowed the hook "it's like that y'all!" from the track "Hollis Crew", which appears on [[Run-D.M.C.]]'s debut album ''[[Run-D.M.C. (album)|Run-D.M.C.]]'' (1984).|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen end}}

[[Category:Mariah Carey singles]]
[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]

[[fr:It's Like That]]
{{Mariah Carey2}}

It’s Like That

2005-11-30T19:12:49Z

195.93.21.8: /* Charts */

{{Single infobox2 |
| Name = It's Like That
| Cover = Mariahcareysingle_ilt.jpg
| Artist = [[Mariah Carey]]
| from Album = [[The Emancipation of Mimi]]
| Released = [[2005]]
| Format = [[Digital download]] [[12-inch single|12" single]]
| Recorded = —
| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]/[[R&B]]
| Length = 3:23
| Label = [[Island Def Jam Records|Island/Def Jam]]
| Writer = Mariah Carey [[Jermaine Dupri]] [[Manuel Seal]] [[Johnta Austin]]
| Producer = Mariah Carey Jermaine Dupri Manuel Seal
| Video director = [[Brett Ratner]]
| Certification = [[Platinum single|Platinum]] ([[RIAA]])
| Chart position = <ul><li>#4 ([[United Kingdom|UK]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#7 ([[Italy]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#9 ([[Australia]], [[Canada]])</li></ul> <ul><li>#16 ([[United States|U.S.]])</li></ul>
| Reviews =
| Last single = "[[U Make Me Wanna]]" (2004)
| This single = "It's Like That" (2005)
| Next single = "[[We Belong Together]]" (2005)
}}

"'''It's Like That'''" is a song written and produced by [[United States|America]]n singer-songwriter [[Mariah Carey]] for her fourteenth [[album (music)|album]], ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]''. It was co-written by [[Jermaine Dupri]], [[Manuel Seal]], and [[Johnta Austin]], and co-produced by Dupri and Seal. The song borrows the hook "it's like that y'all" from the [[Run-D.M.C.]] track "Hollis Crew" (1984), showing the strong influence of [[old school hip hop]] on Carey's 2005 sound. "It's Like That" was among the last songs recorded for ''The Emancipation of Mimi'', and was the first [[single (music)|single]] to be released from the album, in [[2005]] (see [[2005 in music]]). It was a top twenty hit in several countries, including the United States.

After recording nearly twenty tracks for the album, Carey was satisfied with her output, but her boss, [[L.A. Reid]], thought something was missing, and asked her to write more songs with Dupri. The results were the songs "It's Like That" and "[[We Belong Together]]". Although the song has rapped/spoken parts from Dupri and [[Fatman Scoop]], they are not credited for technical reasons. In this club-inspired track, Carey declares that she "came to have a party" and briefly dabbles in [[alcohol]] and [[marijuana]] usage. She then notes that "it's her night" and relaxes, before chanting "It's like that, y'all".

==Chart performance==

"It's Like That" was one of Carey's biggest commercial successes in years, reaching number sixteen on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100]], which contrasts with the chart performance of some of Carey's previous singles in recent years, some of which had failed to chart on the Hot 100 or even the [[Hot 100 Bubbling Under Singles]] chart. The song was close to reaching the top ten of the Hot 100, but was exposed to radio without the help of a [[music video]]. By the time the video had been released, the song was already dropping on the charts. The single's chart positions also seemed to be affected by sales, as [[digital downloads]] had been given heavy weight in determining chart positions since Carey's last major song had charted. Videos have proven helpful in increasing downloads, but the video for "It's Like That" was unable to help the song due to its late release. Eventually the song was certified [[gold single|gold]] and [[platinum single|platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]], becoming Carey's twenty-fourth gold single and her first gold digital single.

As many changes were being made to [[Billboard magazine|Billboard]] charts in 2005, Carey was able to enter some new charts for the first time. As digital downloads were now being counted towards Billboard, "It's Like That" was Carey's first song to chart on [[Hot Digital Songs]] and her first non-holiday song on [[Hot Digital Tracks]]. Carey was also able to perform well on the relatively new [[Dance Radio Airplay]] charts. "It's Like That" became Carey's first single to chart on the renamed [[Hot Dance Singles Sales]] (previously [[Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales]]), and also became her first solo entry on the Hot Ringtones. "It's Like That" was the last single of Carey's to chart on the [[Top 40 Tracks]], which was removed from Billboard while Carey was still on it, and was replaced by the [[Pop 100]] and the [[Pop 100 Airplay]]. ("It's Like That" was also Carey's first entry on the Pop 100 and the Pop 100 Airplay.)

==Remixes and video==

There is an official remix produced by [[Scott Storch]] that has a more Middle Eastern flavor and a rap by [[Fat Joe]]. Dance remixes, with resung vocals by Carey, were produced by [[David Morales]]. [[Peter Rauhofer]] has also remixed this song, but his remixes have not yet been released. As many singles nowadays do not have commercial CD single releases, the remixes were only released on twelve-inch vinyl maxi single. Two maxi singles were released, however, boosting the song to a respectable position for a twelve-inch vinyl maxi single on the [[Hot 100 Singles Sales]] and the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales]].

The video for the single was directed by [[Brett Ratner]], who also directed some of Carey's other videos, including "We Belong Together", the sequel to this video. Initially, Carey had wanted [[Paul Hunter (director)|Paul Hunter]] to direct the video, but he was apparently busy. Carey, a close friend of Ratner, was reluctant at first, as Ratner had stopped directing videos for the most part, but after hearing a proposed treatment, she approved.

[[Image:Its like that.jpg|thumb|250px|Carey walking into the club]]
The main setting of the video is a party at a mysterious mansion turned nightclub on the night before Carey's wedding. Several guests are seen wearing [[mask]]s, and there are celebrity [[cameo appearance]]s by [[Brian McKnight]], [[Randy Jackson]], and the two featured rappers on the track, Dupri and Fatman Scoop. The crowd at the party can be seen having a good time as they dance along to the song and play various [[casino]] games such as [[craps]]. Carey's [[fiancé]] (played by [[Eric Roberts]]) refuses to partake in party activities and secretly spies on Carey and the rest of the party through a [[surveillance camera]] from his office. Carey is having a good time and is singing along to Fatman Scoops's outro rap when she sees a party guest (played by [[Wentworth Miller]]) taking off his mask and revealing himself to be an ex-beau of hers. The video ends on a cliffhanger, which leads to the video for the album's second single, "We Belong Together"(the two videos were filmed simultaneously). The video was released on November 15, 2005 on DVD as part of "The Emancipation of Mimi: Ultra Platinum Edition"(Re-release).

==Track listings of major-single releases==

===UK CD single/European CD single===
#"It's Like That" (album version)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales radio mix)

===UK CD maxi single/European CD maxi single===
#"It's Like That" (album version)
#"It's Like That" (no rap)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales club mix)
#"It's Like That" (David Morales classic mix)
#"It's Like That" (Stereo Experience)

==Charts==
[[Image:Its like that yall.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Carey with two of the masked men]]
"It's Like That" debuted at number fifty-three on the Billboard Hot 100, and remained on the chart for twenty weeks. It was Carey's seventh number-one single on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, and her ninth on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.

{|class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chart (2005)
!align="center"|Position #
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales
|align="center"|8
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100
|align="center"|20
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Pop 100 Airplay
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Songs
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Digital Tracks
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play
|align="center"|1 (1 week)
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Dance Radio Airplay
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Top 40 Tracks
|align="center"|34
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Mainstream Top 40
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Rhythmic Top 40
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|U.S. Billboard Hot Ringtones
|align="center"|27
|-
|align="left"|UK Singles Chart
|align="center"|4 (11 weeks)
|-
|align="left"|ARIA Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Germany Singles Chart
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|Sweden Top 60 Singles
|align="center"|47
|-
|align="left"|France Top 100 Singles
|align="center"|16
|-
|align="left"|Switzerland Top 100 Singles
|align="center"|10
|-
|align="left"|Norway Singles Top 20
|align="center"|13
|-
|align="left"|Canadian Singles Chart
|align="center"|9
|-
|align="left"|Tokyo Hot 100 (Japan)
|align="center"|1
|}

{|class="wikitable"
!align="center" bgcolor="white" colspan="31"|U.S. Billboard Hot 100 Chart trajectory
|- style="background-color: #white;"
!align="center"|Week
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
|-
!align="center" style="background-color: #white;"|Position
|53
|36
|24
|20
|19
|20
|16
|16
|17
|19
|24
|30
|36
|27
|33
|45
|51
|53
|64
|66
|}

==Samples==
{{multi-listen start}}
{{multi-listen item|filename=RunDMCMariahCarey.ogg|title=Side by side comparison with "Hollis Crew" by Run-D.M.C.|description=Carey borrowed the hook "it's like that y'all!" from the track "Hollis Crew", which appears on [[Run-D.M.C.]]'s debut album ''[[Run-D.M.C. (album)|Run-D.M.C.]]'' (1984).|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen end}}

[[Category:Mariah Carey singles]]
[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one singles]]

[[fr:It's Like That]]
{{Mariah Carey2}}

Papst (Titel)

2005-11-06T22:02:06Z

195.93.21.8:

:''This entry is about the Catholic Pontiff. For other uses of the word, see [[Pope (disambiguation)]].''
{{Christianity}}
The '''pope''' is a prick who sucks a thick dick.

Premierminister Indiens

2005-11-03T07:15:13Z

195.93.21.8:

{{Politics of India}}

The '''Prime Minister of India''' is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of [[India]]. The Prime Minister is technically outranked by the [[President of India]], but because the President's duties are largely ceremonial, the Prime Minister has effective responsibility for government.

India follows a [[parliamentary system]] of government, modelled after that of the [[United Kingdom]]. In this system, the Prime Minister is generally the leader of a party (or coalition of parties) that can gain a majority in the lower house ([[Lok Sabha]]) of the [[Parliament of India]]. The Prime Minister either has to be a current member of one of the houses of Parliament, or be elected within six months of being appointed.

== Appointment of the Prime Minister ==

Formally, the Prime Minister is appointed by the [[President of India|President]]. The President invites only that person to be the Prime Minister who is leader of the majority party in th [[Lok Sabha]]. But when no single party gets the majority, the president may invite the leader of a [[Coalition government|combination of parties]] constituting the majority in the Lok Sabha or the leader of the single largest party commanding the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha.

== Powers and Functions ==

The Prime Minister selects the members of the Council of Ministers who are formally appointed by the President. He allocates portfolios among the [[Minister|ministers]] and he can drop any minister. The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the Council of Ministers. He decides the policies of the [[Government of India|government]]. He coordinates the work of different ministries and soves inter - departmental conflicts. The Prime Minister is the Chairperson of the Planning Commission which is a key body in the process of planning.

The Prime Minister advises the President on all important matters like appointments judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] and the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor General. He also advises the President on the summoning and proroguing of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], the dissolving of the Lok Sabha and the declaration of emergencies.

== Prime Ministers through the years ==

There have been twelve people who have served as Prime Minister of India. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] served for four terms ([[1947]]-[[1952]], [[1952]]-[[1957]], [[1957]]-[[1962]], and [[1962]]-[[1964]]). [[Indira Gandhi]] served three terms ([[1966]]-[[1971]], [[1971]]-[[1977]], and [[1980]]-[[1984]]) and [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]] served on two separate occasions ([[1996]], [[1998]]-[[2004]]). [[Gulzari Lal Nanda]] served as acting Prime Minister during two transition periods, but is generally not counted as a Prime Minister in his own right.

The early years were dominated by the [[Indian National Congress]] party, which held the premiership for the first thirty years of India's independence. [[Morarji Desai]] became the first non-Congress Prime Minister in [[1977]]. [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] became that party's first Prime Minister in [[1996]], and was later returned to power in [[1998]]. The [[2004 elections to the Lok Sabha]] returned the Congress back to power, and [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]] was named the Prime Minister-designate on [[19 May]] [[2004]]. He was sworn in on [[May 22]],[[2004]]. Singh, a member of the [[Sikh]] faith, is the first non-[[Hindu]] Prime Minister of India.

The official residence of the Prime Minister of India is [[7 Race Course Road]].

== List of Prime Ministers of India ==

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
|- align="center"
! bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | Key:
| bgcolor="#e4e8ff" | ''INC'' [[Indian National Congress]]
| bgcolor="#ddffdd" | ''JP'' [[Janata Party]]
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" | ''JD'' [[Janata Dal]]
| bgcolor="#ffeecc" | ''BJP'' [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

{| border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2"
|- bgcolor="#d3d3d3"
! No.
! Name
! Took Office
! Left Office
! Party

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| 01
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| [[August 15|Aug 15]], [[1947]]
| [[May 27|May 27]], [[1964]]
| Indian National Congress

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| *
| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
| [[May 27|May 27]], [[1964]]
| [[June 9|Jun 09]], [[1964]]
| Indian National Congress

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| 02
| [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| [[June 9|Jun 09]], [[1964]]
| [[January 11|Jan 11]], [[1966]]
| Indian National Congress

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| *
| [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
| [[January 11|Jan 11]], [[1966]]
| [[January 24|Jan 24]], [[1966]]
| Indian National Congress

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| 03
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[January 24|Jan 24]], [[1966]]
| [[March 24|Mar 24]], [[1977]]
| Indian National Congress

|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
| 04
| [[Morarji Desai]]
| [[March 24|Mar 24]], [[1977]]
| [[July 28|Jul 28]], [[1979]]
| Janata Party

|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
| 05
| [[Choudhary Charan Singh]]
| [[July 28|Jul 28]], [[1979]]
| [[January 14|Jan 14]], [[1980]]
| Janata Party

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| **
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[January 14|Jan 14]], [[1980]]
| [[October 31|Oct 31]], [[1984]]
| Indian National Congress

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| 06
| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| [[October 31|Oct 31]], [[1984]]
| [[December 2|Dec 02]], [[1989]]
| Congress I***

|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 07
| [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| [[December 2|Dec 02]], [[1989]]
| [[November 10|Nov 10]], [[1990]]
| Janata Dal

|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 08
| [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| [[November 10|Nov 10]], [[1990]]
| [[June 21|Jun 21]], [[1991]]
| Janata Dal

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| 09
| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| [[June 21|Jun 21]], [[1991]]
| [[May 16|May 16]], [[1996]]
| Congress I

|- bgcolor="#ffeecc"
| 10
| [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]]
| [[May 16|May 16]], [[1996]]
| [[June 1|Jun 01]], [[1996]]
| Bharatiya Janata Party

|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 11
| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| [[June 1|Jun 01]], [[1996]]
| [[April 21|Apr 21]], [[1997]]
| Janata Dal

|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 12
| [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]
| [[April 21|Apr 21]], [[1997]]
| [[March 19|Mar 19]], [[1998]]
| Janata Dal

|- bgcolor="#ffeecc"
| **
| [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]]
| [[March 19|Mar 19]], [[1998]]
| [[May 22|May 22]], [[2004]]
| Bharatiya Janata Party

|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| 13
| [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]]
| [[May 22|May 22]], [[2004]]
| ''In Office''
| Congress I
|}

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
|- align="center"
! bgcolor="#d3d3d3" | Key:
| bgcolor="#e4e8ff" | ''INC'' [[Indian National Congress]]
| bgcolor="#ddffdd" | ''JP'' [[Janata Party]]
| bgcolor="#ffcccc" | ''JD'' [[Janata Dal]]
| bgcolor="#ffeecc" | ''BJP'' [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}
''* acting'' 
''** resumed office'' 
''*** Indian National Congress became Congress I ( I for Indira)''

==Also see==
* [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]
* [[Chief Ministers of India]]

==External link==
*[http://pmindia.nic.in/ Office of the Prime Minister]

[[Category:Lists of office-holders|India, Prime Minister of]]
[[Category:Government of India]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of India|*]]

[[de:Liste der Premierminister Indiens]]
[[eo:Cxefministroj de Barato]]
[[fr:Premiers ministres de l'Inde]]
[[id:Perdana Menteri India]]
[[kn:ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಮ೦ತ್ರಿ]]
[[te:ప్రధానమంత్రి]]
[[zh-cn:印度总理]]

Die Herzogin von Malfi

2005-09-23T11:55:28Z

195.93.21.8: /* Plot */

'''''The Duchess of Malfi''''' is a macabre, [[tragedy|tragic]] [[play]], written by the [[England|English]] dramatist [[John Webster]] and first performed in [[1614]] at the [[Globe Theatre]] in [[London]]. It is loosely based on true events that occurred between about [[1508]] and [[1513]], recounted in [[William Painter]]'s ''The Palace of Pleasure'' ([[1567]]). The play is also thought by some to represent the tragic circumstances surrounding Lady [[Arbella Stuart]], who, like the Duchess, saw her clandestine marriage in 1610 sabotagued by a powerful family member, in Stuart's case King James I. It begins as a love story, with a Duchess who marries beneath her class, and ends as a nightmarish tragedy as her two brothers exact their revenge, destroying themselves in the process.

The play is sometimes ridiculed by modern critics for the excessive violence and horror in its later scenes. Nevertheless, the complexity of some of its characters, particularly Bosola and the Duchess, and Webster's poetic language, give it a continuing interest, and it is still performed in the [[21st century]].

== Characters ==
* ''Antonio Bologna''. The Duchess's steward, recently returned from [[France]], and full of scorn for the Italian courtiers whom he sees as more corrupt than the French.
* ''Delio''. A courtier, who tries to woo Julia. A friend of Antonio.
* ''Daniel de Bosola''. A servant of Cardinal, sent by the Cardinal as a spy to work for the Duchess.
* ''The Cardinal''. Brother of the Duchess.
* ''Ferdinand''. The Duke of [[Calabria]], and brother of the Duchess.
* ''Castruchio''.
* ''Roderigo''. A courtier.
* ''Grisolan''. A courtier.
* ''Silvio''.
* ''The Duchess''.
* ''Cariola''. Duchess's maid.
* ''Julia''. Castruchio's wife, and the Cardinal's mistress.
* ''Malateste''. A hanger-on at the Cardinal's court.

== Plot ==
The play is set in the court of Malfi (now [[Amalfi]]), [[Italy]] over the period [[1504]] to [[1510]]. The Duchess, recently widowed, falls in love with Antonio, but her brothers, not wishing her to share their inheritance or to 'dishonour' the family name by marrying a 'lowly' steward, forbid her from remarrying. However, she secretly marries Antonio and bears him several children.

The Duchess's lunatic and incestuously-obsessed brother Ferdinand threatens and disowns her. In an attempt to escape, the Duchess and Antonio concoct a story that Antonio has swindled her out of her fortune and has to flee into exile. She takes Bosola into her confidence, not knowing that he is the Cardinal's spy, and arranges that he will deliver her jewellery to Antonio at his hiding-place in [[Ancona]]. She will join them later, whilst pretending to make a pilgrimage to a town nearby. The Cardinal hears of the plan, instructs Bosola to banish the two lovers, and sends soldiers to capture them. Antonio escapes with their eldest son, but the Duchess, her maid and her two younger children are returned to Malfi and executed by Bosola. This experience, combined with a long-standing sense of injustice and his own feeling of a lack of identity, turns Bosola against the Cardinal and his brother, deciding to take up the cause of "Revenge for the Dutchess of Malfi" (V.2).

The Cardinal confesses to his mistress Julia his part in the killing of the Duchess, and then murders her to silence her, using a poisoned bible. Next, Bosola overhears the Cardinal plotting to kill him (though he accepts what he sees as punishment for his actions), and so visits the darkened chapel to kill the Cardinal at his prayers. Instead, he mistakenly kills Antonio, who has just returned to Malfi to attempt a reconciliation with the Cardinal. Ferdinand, who by this time has gone mad, stabs the Cardinal, who dies. In the brawl that follows, Ferdinand and Bosola stab each other to death.

Antonio's elder son by the Duchess appears in the final scene, and takes his place as the heir to the Malfi fortune, despite his father's explicit wish that his son "fly the court of princes", a corrupt and increasingly deadly environment.

== Quote ==
:''We are merely the stars' tennis balls, struck and banded''
:''Which way please them.''
:: -- Bosola, to Antonio after accidentally stabbing him

== External link ==
* [http://larryavisbrown.homestead.com/files/Malfi/malfi_home.htm The Complete Text, with Notes and Commentary]

[[Category:English Renaissance plays|Duchess]]

Prädynastik

2005-02-25T13:10:27Z

195.93.21.8:

{{Vorlage:Altes Ägypten}}
Unter '''Prädynastik (Vordynastik)''' werden in der [[Ägyptologie]] die Geschichtsepochen vor der Ausbildung der Dynastien im späten [[4. Jahrtausend v. Chr.]] bezeichnet. [[Ägypten]] ist seit mehr als 250.000 Jahren von Menschen besiedelt.

Die Jäger und Sammler jener Zeit sahen ein Ende ihrer Lebensweise, als vor etwa 25.000 Jahren das Klima trockner wurde und sich das Grasland in eine trockene Wüstenlandschaft verwandelte. Nur die regelmäßigen Überflutungen des [[Nil]]s gaben eine fruchtbare Landschaft, die die eventuelle Ansiedlung von Menschen erlaubte.

Die meisten spätpaläoläolithischen Fundorte im Niltal sind klein, zeigen aber Anzeichen für wiederholte Begehung und wurden vermutlich saisonal genutzt. In den Sümpfen und Wiesen am Nil, der damals sehr viel kleiner war als heute, mit einem Flußbett, das ca. 15 m höher lag als heute, wurden Nahrungspflanzen gesammelt. Besonders die stärkereichen Rhizome von Nußgras (Cyperus rotundus), einer Art Binse, wurde als Grundnahrungsmittel genutzt. Außerdem jagten die Bewohner in den Dünen und fischten im Fluß.

In [[Wadi Kubbaniya]], das der amerikanische Archäologe [[Fred Wendorf]] in den 1970ern ausgrub, wurden über 100.000 Fischknochen gefunden, vor allem vom Wels. Unter den Vögeln herrschten Wasservögel wie Enten und Gänse vor. Außerdem verzehrte man Flußpferde, Wildesel, Hasen, Auerochsen, Gazellen und Schalentiere wie Flußperlmuscheln (Unio). Im Delta wurde vermutlich wilde Gerste gesammelt.

Mit dem Übergang zum Holozän und der Verlagerung der [[Monsum]]-Zone nach Norden wurde das Klima deutlich feuchter. Der Wasserstand des Nils stieg an und seine Hochfluten wurden zunehmend unberechenbar.
In den Fischresten herrscht nun der [[Nilhecht]] vor, um ihn zu fangen, wurden Knochen[[harpunen]] eingesetzt. Gejagt wurden Wasservögel, Gazelle, Wildrinder, Krokodile und Nilpferde. Durch die stärkeren Überschwemmungen konnten auch Niederungen wie das [[Fayum]] und das Nabta-Schwemmland besiedelt werden. Hier wurden auch Pflanzen wie Knöterich, Ampfer und Binsen genutzt. Im Nabta-Playa ist seit ca. 6000 ca. BC auch Keramik nachgewiesen. Die Siedlungen bestanden aus regelmäßig angeordneten Hütten mit Herdstellen und Vorratsgruben. Drei Gerstenarten, Hülsenfrüchte und Hirse (Panicum und sorghum) und zahlreiche andere Pflanzen wurden nachgewiesen.
Aus der östlichen Wüste gibt es aus dieser Zeit Hinweise auf frühe Viehzucht.

Die ältesten neolithischen Kulturen Ägyptens fanden sich im [[Fayum]] ([[Fayum-A]], ca. 5000 v. Chr.). Die dort lebenden Bauern siedelten in kleinen Ortschaften am Rande des Fayumsees, bauten Getreide an und lagerten dies in Silos unter der Erde. Steinwerkzeuge und simple Tonwaren sind bezeugt. Hier gibt es auch die ältesten Belege von Webkunst in Ägypten.

Etwas später ist die sog. [[Merimde-Kultur]] anzusetzen, die in Vielem der Fayum-A Kultur ähnelt. Es gibt Belege für Tonskulpturen. Die Toten sind im Siedlungsbereich ohne viel Beigaben begraben worden.

Die unterägyptische [[Omari-Kultur]] ist hauptsächlich durch einen Fundort bei Kairo bekannt. Die Bauern lebten in kleinen Hütten, die teilweise in die Erde eingegraben waren. Die Toten sind in Gruben ohne viel Beigaben bestattet worden. In Unterägypten folgt darauf die Maadi Kultur (ca. 4000 - 3400 v. Chr.), die schon die Metallbearbeitung kannte und starke kulturelle Beziehungen zu Palästina hatte.

Die [[Badari-Kultur]] ist die älteste aus Oberägypten bekannte Kultur mit sesshafter Lebensweise (ca. 4000 v. Chr.). Es gibt die ersten Beleg für Metall (Kupfer) und Fayencebearbeitung in Oberägypten.

Die daran anschließende [[Naqada-Kultur]] (auch Negade-Kultur genannt, seit [[40. Jahrhundert v. Chr.|4000 v. Chr.]]) gilt als Vorläufer des eigentlichen ägyptischen Reiches. Sie wird in drei Stufen unterteilt (Naqada I- III). Neueste archäologische Funde auf dem U-Friedhof von [[Umm el-Qaab]] bei [[Abydos (Ägypten)|Abydos]], Grab U-j [1, 2], die auf [[3320 v. Chr.]] datiert werden, deuten darauf hin, dass die [[Schrift]] hier entweder unabhängig von oder sogar vor [[Sumer]] entwickelt wurde, was allerdings wegen einer fehlenden sicheren vergleichenden Chronologie beider Kulturkreise weder wirklich bestätigt noch widerlegt werden kann. Fundstellen wie [[Naqada]] liefern Nachweise von Ackerbau ([[Emmer]], sechsreihige Gerste und [[Flachs]]) und Viehzucht, daneben wurde aber auch noch gejagt und wilde Pflanzen gesammelt. Erst im 4. Jahrtausend läßt sich eine ausschließlich produzierende Wirtschaftsweise nachweisen.
Ob die Vorfahren der domestizierten Rinder, Schafe und Ziegen aus dem vorderen Orient oder aus Nordafrika stammten, ist bis jetzt noch ungeklärt.

Die ersten Siedlungen entstanden unabhängig voneinander, doch bildeten sich im Laufe der Zeit Kleinkönigreiche, die sich in zwei lose Einflusssphären organisierten: [[Unterägypten]] mit Zentrum in [[Buto]] im Nildelta, und [[Oberägypten]] mit der Naqada-Kultur und Hauptstadt [[Hierakonpolis]], das sich vom modernen [[Kairo]] bis zum heutigen [[Assuan]] erstreckte.

In Unterägypten wurde [[Horus]] als Hauptgottheit verehrt, mit der ''Roten Krone'' als Staatssymbol, während in Oberägypten [[Seth (Mythologie)|Seth]] als Gottheit verehrt wurde und die ''Weiße Krone'' als Symbol hatte.

Das Streben nach Dominanz über ganz Ägypten endete etwa [[3150 v. Chr.]] mit der Vereinigung beider Reiche unter oberägyptischer Herrschaft. Die anschließende Epoche wird die [[Frühdynastische Periode (Ägypten)|Frühdynastische Periode]] genannt.

''siehe auch:'' [[Liste der Pharaonen]]

==Literaturverzeichnis==

*Günter Dreyer, Umm el-Qaab I: Das prädynastische Königsgrab U-j und seine frühen Schriftzeugnisse.
*Graeme Barker, Transitions to farming and pastoralism in North Africa. In: Peter Bellwood/Colin Renfrew, Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis (Cambridge 2002) 151-160.
* B. E. Barich, People, Water, Grain: the beginnings of domestication in the Sahara and the Nile Valely (Roma 1998).

== Weblinks ==

* http://www.benben.de/Dreyer1.html
* http://www.antiquityofman.com/wadi_kubbaniya.html

 
{{Vorlage:Ägyptische Epochen}}
[[Kategorie:Ägyptologie]]