Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

National Museum of Costume

2013-02-18T14:56:19Z

195.195.244.20:

{{Infobox Museum
| Name =
| Bild = [[File:Shambellie House Museum of Costume.jpg|250px]]
| Bildbeschreibung = Shambellie House im Juli 2005.
| Ort = [[New Abbey]]
| Art = Textilmuseum
| Architekt = David Bryce
| Eröffnung = 1976
| Besucheranzahl =
| Leitung =
| Website = [http://www.nms.ac.uk/nationalmuseumhomepage.aspx www.nms.ac.uk]
}}

Das '''National Museum of Costume''' war ein Museum für Kleidung und Lebensstil der Jahre 1850 bis 1950. Das Museum gehörte gemeinsam mit dem [[National Museum of Scotland]], dem [[National Museum of Rural Life]], dem [[National War Museum]] und dem [[National Museum of Flight]] zu den Nationalmuseen in Schottland. Das National Museum of Costume befand sich im ''Shambellie House'' in [[New Abbey]] in [[Dumfries and Galloway]]. Im Januar 2013 erklärte National Museums Scotland, das National Museum of Costume werde nicht wiedereröffnen. Als Grund wurde die anhaltende Rezession genannt.<ref>http://nms.ac.uk/about_us/about_us/press_office/press_releases/2013/national_museum_of_costume.aspx</ref>

== Das Museum ==
Das Shambellie House ist ein [[Viktorianisches Zeitalter|viktorianisches]] Landhaus und wurde 1856 von David Bryce für die Familie Stewart entworfen. 1976 übergab Charles William Stewart die über Jahre gesammelten Kleidungsstücke dem Royal Scottish Museum und überschrieb Shambellie House dem Umweltministerium. Jeder Raum des Museums ist im Stil einer anderen Epoche eingerichtet und zeigt die für diese Epoche typische Kleidung. Die im Museum befindlichen Gemälde zeigen Mitglieder der Familie Stewart.
Die Sammlung enthält über 2000 Kleider.<ref>[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/latestnews/Charles-Stewart.2268526.jp Artikel in ''The Scotsman'' vom 23. Oktober 2001], abgerufen am 17. April 2009.</ref>

== Ausstellung (Auswahl) ==
=== Esszimmer ===
Das Esszimmer beherbergt eine Szenerie aus dem Sommer 1895. Der Hausherr und seine Familie erwarten in Abendkleidung Gäste zu einem Sommerfest. Im Raum befinden sich unter anderem ein Sideboard aus [[Rosenholz]] von 1890 und ein Porträt von Bethia Donaldson, der Mutter des Erbauers von Shambellie House, William Stewart.

=== Salon ===
Im Salon, unter anderem eingerichtet mit Sofa und Stühlen aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, einem [[Grammophon]] aus den 1920er Jahren und einem Porträt von [[Victoria (Vereinigtes Königreich)|Queen Victoria]], befindet sich eine Szene aus dem Mai 1945. Die Gastgeberin trägt Kleidung aus [[Kunstseide]], das Kind abgelegte und entsprechend gekürzte Kleidung eines Erwachsenen. Die Familie erwartet Gäste zum Tee. Selbstgemachte [[Scones]] und Marmelade aus eigener Herstellung zeugen von der Lebensmittelrationierung im Zweiten Weltkrieg.

=== Bibliothek ===
Die Szene in der Bibliothek zeigt den 31. Dezember 1952. Die Familie ist zu einem Silvesterball eingeladen und fertig zum Aufbruch. Die Tochter trägt ein reich verziertes schwarzes Baumwollkleid mit Taft, [[Bordüre|Bordüren]], [[Paillette|Pailletten]] und Perlen. Über dem Kamin hängt ein Porträt von Captain William Stewart von 1913.

=== Kinderzimmer ===
Im Kinderzimmer sieht man eine Szene aus dem Sommer 1913. Das Kindermädchen kümmert sich um das jüngste Kind. Zentrum des Raumes ist ein altes Schaukelpferd, das neben einem Kinderwagen, einem Hochstuhl und alten Spielsachen die Einrichtung beherrscht. Die Mutter, bekleidet mit einem hochtailliertem Tageskleid aus kastanienbrauner Wolle und einem tiefen Kragen, verlässt das Kinderzimmer. Der Junge ist mit einem der damals weit verbreiteten Matrosenanzüge bekleidet. An den Wänden befinden sich Porträts von Dorothea und Euphemia Stewart, dem 14. und 15. Kind von William Stewart und seiner Frau Anne Murray. Die Porträts von John Allen stammen aus dem Jahr 1803.

== Sonderausstellungen ==
Neben der Dauerausstellung fanden wechselnde Sonderausstellungen im Museum statt. Von April bis Oktober 2009 beschäftigte sich das National Museum of Costume unter dem Titel ''Jean Muir – A fashion Icon'' der Designerin [[Jean Muir]]. Ergänzend dazu fanden monatlich Workshops für Erwachsene und Kinder statt, die im Bezug zur Sonderausstellung standen oder sich allgemein mit Mode und Design befassten. In der Saison 2010 widmete sich das National Museum of Costume dem Thema „Marriage in the Movies“ (dt.: Hochzeit im Film). Die Sonderausstellung beinhaltete Hochzeitskleider aus verschiedenen Filmproduktionen, unter anderem das von [[Helena Bonham Carter]] getragene Brautkleid aus ''[[Mary Shelleys Frankenstein]]'' und das Hochzeitskleid aus der [[Jane Austen|Jane-Austen]]-Verfilmung ''[[Mansfield Park (1999)|Mansfield Park]]'' von 1999. In der Saison 2012/13 zeigte das National Museum of Costume unter dem Motto „Off the Peg“ die Mode der 1940er und 1950er Jahre.

== Weblinks ==
* [http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_museums/museum_of_costume.aspx Offizielle Homepage]

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

{{Coordinate|NS=54/58/59.66/N|EW=3/37/32.99/W|type=landmark|dim=50|region=GB-SCT}}

[[Kategorie:Dumfries and Galloway]]
[[Kategorie:Museum in Schottland]]
[[Kategorie:Textilmuseum]]
[[Kategorie:Modemuseum]]

[[en:National Museum of Costume]]

Mary Slessor

2009-02-03T12:42:27Z

195.195.244.20: Created a Further Reading Section and added our publication on Mary Slessor to the list

{{Refimprove|date=October 2008}}
{{Infobox Person
|name = Mary Slessor
|image = Mary Slessor.jpg
|caption = Mary Slessor
|birth_date = 2 December 1848
|birth_place = [[Aberdeen]], [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]
|death_date = 13 January 1915
|death_place = [[Nigeria]]
|other_names =
|known_for = Christian [[Missionary]] work in Africa; promoting [[women's rights]]
|occupation =
|nationality = [[British people|British]]
|religion = [[Christian]] ([[United Presbyterian Church of Scotland]])
}}

'''Mary Slessor''' (2 December 1848 - 13 January 1915) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[missionary]] to [[Nigeria]]. Her determined work and strong personality allowed her to be trusted and accepted by the locals, spreading [[Christianity]] and promoting [[women's rights]].

==Early life==
[[Image:Mary-slessor.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Mary Slessor]]
Mary was born in [[Aberdeen]] and moved to [[Dundee]] at the age of 11
when her family was looking for work. Her father was an alcoholic who had to stop his work as a shoemaker and eventually became a mill labourer. Mary's mother ensured that she attended church and made her a half time worker at a [[jute]] mill, working for half the day and attending the mill school for the other half.

She developed a strong interest in religion and joined a local mission teaching the poor. One famous story from this time is that of the Red Headed Lady: Mary dared a gang of boys that she would not flinch as they swung a metal weight closer and closer to her face; she successfully stayed still, and the boys had to attend her Sunday School as forfeit.
{{clear}}
== Travels to Nigeria ==
{{Protestant missions to Africa}}
In 1876, she applied to the Foreign Mission Board of the [[United Presbyterian Church of Scotland]] (the [[Scottish United Presbyterian Mission]]). She was briefly trained before being sent to [[Calabar]] where she arrived in September. It was a time of turmoil in Nigeria. The [[slave trade]], which had stopped traditional life for many, had ceased. [[Lagos]] was a major centre of the slave trade until 1851, when the [[United Kingdom]], which had abolished slavery in 1807, captured the city. It was formally annexed as a British colony in 1861.

[[Image:Mary-slessor-and-adopted-children.jpg|thumb|left|Mary Slessor with African children]]
Disease was almost universal amongst the missionaries. Mary herself suffered from [[flu]] and [[malaria]]. Vaccinations for smallpox and other diseases only began to be available towards the end of her 40 year stay in Africa.

Mary shocked many missionaries by living with and as the locals. She learned to speak [[Efik]] fluently ([[Media:Mary-slessor-efik.ogg|phonograph recording of her speaking Efik]]) and became practised in the local customs and culture, thus assisting her missionary work and promotion of women's rights. While her insistence upon working by herself brought her into conflict with authorities, her close understanding of the Nigerians led the local Governor to offer her a position on the Itu court. She adopted a number of children including [[twins]] which were considered an abomination and often killed.<ref>http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/centlib/slessor/mary.htm</ref>

She received the [[Order of St John of Jerusalem]] in 1913. Recurring illness made her very weak and in 1915 she died of a fever. She was buried in Nigeria after a full state funeral.

==Commemoration on banknotes==
Mary Slessor is commemorated today on [[Banknotes of the pound sterling|banknotes]] issued in Scotland by the [[Clydesdale Bank#Banknotes|Clydesdale Bank]]; her portrait appears on the obverse of the £10 note, replacing [[David Livingstone]], whose image featured on the notes prior to 1998. On the reverse, Slessor is depicted holding children in her arms alongside a map of the [[Ekoi people|Ekoi]] and [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] in [[Calabar Kingdom|Calabar]] (present-day Nigeria).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/scotland/ScotlandP226b-10Pounds-1998-donatedsrb_f.jpg|title=Clydesdale 10 Pounds, 1998|publisher=Ron Wise's Banknoteworld|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref><ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_clydesdale_bank.php|title=Current Banknotes : Clydesdale Bank|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
;Books
* Robertson, Elizabeth, ''Mary Slessor: The Barefoot Missionary.'' Edinburgh: NMS Enterprises Ltd - Publishing, Revised Edition 2008. ISBN 10: 19016635071 ISBN 13: 9781901663501

==External links==
*[http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/centlib/slessor/mary.htm Dundee City Library Local Research Biography]
*[http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/12/mary-slessor.html Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Mary Slessor]
*[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/2/81.htm Mary Slessor]
*Article on her in the ''[[Church Times]]'', 5 January 2007
*[http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/islessor.html Mary Slessor Biographies]
*[http://www.heroesofhistory.com/page33.html Triumphs of Florence Nightingale, Francis Schaeffer, Mary Slessor and Alexander Solzhenitsyn] at www.heroesofhistory.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slessor, Mary}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Aberdeen]]
[[Category:People from Dundee]]
[[Category:Female saints]]
[[Category:Scottish Presbyterians]]
[[Category:Scottish Christian missionaries]]
[[Category:Presbyterian missionaries]]
[[Category:Christian missionaries in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Female Christian missionaries]]
[[Category:People illustrated on sterling banknotes]]

Mary Slessor

2009-02-03T12:39:19Z

195.195.244.20:

{{Refimprove|date=October 2008}}
{{Infobox Person
|name = Mary Slessor
|image = Mary Slessor.jpg
|caption = Mary Slessor
|birth_date = 2 December 1848
|birth_place = [[Aberdeen]], [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]
|death_date = 13 January 1915
|death_place = [[Nigeria]]
|other_names =
|known_for = Christian [[Missionary]] work in Africa; promoting [[women's rights]]
|occupation =
|nationality = [[British people|British]]
|religion = [[Christian]] ([[United Presbyterian Church of Scotland]])
}}

'''Mary Slessor''' (2 December 1848 - 13 January 1915) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[missionary]] to [[Nigeria]]. Her determined work and strong personality allowed her to be trusted and accepted by the locals, spreading [[Christianity]] and promoting [[women's rights]].

==Early life==
[[Image:Mary-slessor.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Mary Slessor]]
Mary was born in [[Aberdeen]] and moved to [[Dundee]] at the age of 11
when her family was looking for work. Her father was an alcoholic who had to stop his work as a shoemaker and eventually became a mill labourer. Mary's mother ensured that she attended church and made her a half time worker at a [[jute]] mill, working for half the day and attending the mill school for the other half.

She developed a strong interest in religion and joined a local mission teaching the poor. One famous story from this time is that of the Red Headed Lady: Mary dared a gang of boys that she would not flinch as they swung a metal weight closer and closer to her face; she successfully stayed still, and the boys had to attend her Sunday School as forfeit.
{{clear}}
== Travels to Nigeria ==
{{Protestant missions to Africa}}
In 1876, she applied to the Foreign Mission Board of the [[United Presbyterian Church of Scotland]] (the [[Scottish United Presbyterian Mission]]). She was briefly trained before being sent to [[Calabar]] where she arrived in September. It was a time of turmoil in Nigeria. The [[slave trade]], which had stopped traditional life for many, had ceased. [[Lagos]] was a major centre of the slave trade until 1851, when the [[United Kingdom]], which had abolished slavery in 1807, captured the city. It was formally annexed as a British colony in 1861.

[[Image:Mary-slessor-and-adopted-children.jpg|thumb|left|Mary Slessor with African children]]
Disease was almost universal amongst the missionaries. Mary herself suffered from [[flu]] and [[malaria]]. Vaccinations for smallpox and other diseases only began to be available towards the end of her 40 year stay in Africa.

Mary shocked many missionaries by living with and as the locals. She learned to speak [[Efik]] fluently ([[Media:Mary-slessor-efik.ogg|phonograph recording of her speaking Efik]]) and became practised in the local customs and culture, thus assisting her missionary work and promotion of women's rights. While her insistence upon working by herself brought her into conflict with authorities, her close understanding of the Nigerians led the local Governor to offer her a position on the Itu court. She adopted a number of children including [[twins]] which were considered an abomination and often killed.<ref>http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/centlib/slessor/mary.htm</ref>

She received the [[Order of St John of Jerusalem]] in 1913. Recurring illness made her very weak and in 1915 she died of a fever. She was buried in Nigeria after a full state funeral.

==Commemoration on banknotes==
Mary Slessor is commemorated today on [[Banknotes of the pound sterling|banknotes]] issued in Scotland by the [[Clydesdale Bank#Banknotes|Clydesdale Bank]]; her portrait appears on the obverse of the £10 note, replacing [[David Livingstone]], whose image featured on the notes prior to 1998. On the reverse, Slessor is depicted holding children in her arms alongside a map of the [[Ekoi people|Ekoi]] and [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] in [[Calabar Kingdom|Calabar]] (present-day Nigeria).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/banknotes/scotland/ScotlandP226b-10Pounds-1998-donatedsrb_f.jpg|title=Clydesdale 10 Pounds, 1998|publisher=Ron Wise's Banknoteworld|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref><ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_clydesdale_bank.php|title=Current Banknotes : Clydesdale Bank|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
;Books
* Robertson, Elizabeth, ''Mary Slessor: The Barefoot Missionary.'' Edinburgh: NMS Publishing, Revised Edition 2008. ISBN 19016635071

==External links==
*[http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/centlib/slessor/mary.htm Dundee City Library Local Research Biography]
*[http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/12/mary-slessor.html Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Mary Slessor]
*[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/2/81.htm Mary Slessor]
*Article on her in the ''[[Church Times]]'', 5 January 2007
*[http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/islessor.html Mary Slessor Biographies]
*[http://www.heroesofhistory.com/page33.html Triumphs of Florence Nightingale, Francis Schaeffer, Mary Slessor and Alexander Solzhenitsyn] at www.heroesofhistory.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slessor, Mary}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Aberdeen]]
[[Category:People from Dundee]]
[[Category:Female saints]]
[[Category:Scottish Presbyterians]]
[[Category:Scottish Christian missionaries]]
[[Category:Presbyterian missionaries]]
[[Category:Christian missionaries in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Female Christian missionaries]]
[[Category:People illustrated on sterling banknotes]]

Hugh Miller (Geologe)

2007-03-19T15:22:27Z

195.195.244.20: /* Reference */ added recent reference

'''Hugh Miller''' ([[1802]] - [[1856]]) was a self-taught [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[geologist]] and writer and an [[evangelical Christian]].

Born in [[Cromarty]], he had an ordinary [[parish school]] education, but soon showed a remarkable love of reading and power of story-telling. At 17 he was apprenticed to a [[stonemason]], and his work in quarries, together with rambles among the rocks of his native shore, led him to the study of geology. In [[1829]] he published a volume of poems, and soon afterwards threw himself as an ardent and effective combatant into the controversies, first of the [[Reform Bill]], and thereafter of the Scottish Church question.

In [[1834]] he became accountant in one of the local banks, and in the next year brought out his ''Scenes and Legends in the North of Scotland''. In [[1840]] the popular party in the Church, with which he had been associated, started a newspaper, ''[[The Witness]]'', and Miller was called to be editor, a position which he retained till the end of his life.

[[Image:CruiseOfTheBetsy-Miller-TitlePage.jpg|thumb|''The Cruise of the Betsey'' - title page (1858)]]
Among his geological works are:
*''The Old Red Sandstone'' (1841)
*''Footprints of the Creator'' (1850)
*''The Testimony of the Rocks'' (1856)
*''Sketch-book of Popular Geology''
Other books are:
*''My Schools and Schoolmasters'', an autobiography of remarkable interest
*''First Impressions of England and its People'' (1847)
*''The Cruise of the Betsey''
Of the geological books, perhaps ''The Old Red Sandstone'' was the most well-known.

Miller's strong religiosity led him to bitterly oppose the emerging [[theories of evolution]]. [http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/people/famousfirst260.html]

For most of the year 1856, the brilliant researcher and speaker had been bothered by terrible headaches that seemed to burn inside his head. Had he lived in the 20th century, Miller's doctors could have diagnosed the problem. Perhaps it was a tumor that caused the headaches, and later, the awful hallucinations. Alas, Victorian-era medicine could not help. He feared that he might harm his wife or children during his delusions in which he pursued imaginary robbers with his gun. Miller committed suicide the night he finished checking printers' proofs for his book on Scottish fossil plants and vertebrates, The Testimony of the Rocks.

A shocked Western world mourned him, and his funeral procession was among the largest in the memory of Edinburgh residents.

Miller's death was very tragic, and his life brief, but he left a heritage of new discoveries of several Silurian sea scorpions, and many Devonian fishes, intriguingly described in his popular books. Though he had no academic credentials, he is today considered one of Scotland's premier paleontologists

==Reference==

* [[Peter Bayne]], ''The Life and Letters of Hugh Miller'' (2 vols, 1871)

* Anderson, Lyall I. 2005. Hugh Miller: introducing palaeobotany to a wider audience. ''In'': Bowden, A. J., Burek, C. V. & Wilding, R. (eds). ''History of Palaeobotany: Selected Essays''. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, '''241''', 63 - 90.

{{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}}

== External links ==

*[http://www.gerald-massey.org.uk/massey/cmc_hugh_miller.htm Hugh Miller - a brief biography by Samuel Smiles]
*[http://www.hughmiller.org/ Discover Hugh Miller]
* [http://www.slainte.org.uk/scotauth/milledsw.htm Scottish Authors page]
*[http://www.fossilnews.com/2001/hughmiller/fishstory.html Hugh Miller's Old Fish Story]

[[Category:1802 births|Miller, Hugh]]
[[Category:1856 deaths|Miller, Hugh]]
[[Category:Natives of Ross and Cromarty|Miller, Hugh]]
[[Category:Scottish geologists|Miller, Hugh]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm|Miller, Hugh]]

Royal Museum

2006-02-15T13:59:25Z

195.195.244.20:

[[Image:Royal_Museum_Scotland.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The main hall of the Royal Museum of Scotland]]

The '''Royal Museum''' is a [[museum]] on Chambers Street, in [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]. It is part of the [[National Museums of Scotland]], adjacent to the [[Museum of Scotland]]. Admission, other than for special temporary exhibitions, is free.

==Collections==

The museum contains artefacts from around the world, encompassing [[geology]], [[archaeology]], [[natural history]], [[science]], [[technology]] and [[art]]. One of the more notable exhibits is [[Dolly the sheep]], the first successful clone of a mammal from an adult cell. Other highlights include [[History of Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]], one of [[Elton John]]'s extravagant suits, the suspended [[whale]] skeleton and the [[Millennium]] clock.

==History and Architecture==

Construction was started in [[1861]] and proceded in phases, with some sections opening before others had even begun construction. The original extent of the building was completed in [[1888]]. It was designed by [[Captain Francis Fowke]] of the [[Royal Engineers]], who is also responsible for the [[Royal Albert Hall]]. The exterior, designed in a [[Venice|Venetian]] [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]] style, contrasts sharply with the light flooded main hall, inspired by [[The Crystal Palace]].

Initially, much of its collection came from the Museum of [[Edinburgh University]]; there is even a bridge connecting the museum to the University's Old College building. The students saw the collection as their own, and [[curator]]s would often find the exhibits rearranged or even missing. The final straw came in the 1870's, when students who were holding a party found that the museum was also holding a reception for local dignitaries, and had stored refreshments in the bridge. When the museum found the refreshments missing, the bridge was bricked up the next day, as it has remained since.

Numerous extensions to the back have extended the museum greatly since then. In [[1998]] the [[Museum of Scotland]] opened, which is linked internally to the Royal Museum.

==External links==

*[http://www.nms.ac.uk/royal/index.asp Royal Museum Official Site]

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Edinburgh]]
[[Category:National Museums of Scotland]]

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{{museum-stub}}