Liste der Fluggeschwindigkeitsrekorde

2009-10-15T12:52:16Z

194.169.35.1: /* Other air speed records */

[[Image:Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The [[SR-71 Blackbird]] is the current record holder for a manned airbreathing jet aircraft.]]
An '''air speed record''' is the highest [[airspeed]] attained by an [[aircraft]] of a particular class. The rules for all official aviation records are defined by [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI), and they also ratify any claims. Speed records are divided into multiple classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, [[seaplane]]s and [[amphibious aircraft|amphibians]]; then within these classes, there are records for aircraft in several mass bands. There are still further sub-divisions for piston-engined, [[turbojet]], [[turboprop]] and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads. There are still further records for the speed between specified cities such as [[London]] to [[New York]].

==FAI classes==
{| class=wikitable
|-
!Class
!Category
|-
| A || [[Hot air balloon|Free Balloons]]
|-
| B || [[Airship]]s
|-
| C || [[Aeroplane]]s
|-
| D || [[Glider]]s & [[Motorglider]]s
|-
| E || [[Rotorcraft]]
|-
| F || Model aircraft - [[Radio-controlled aircraft|RC]], [[Control line|CL]], & [[Free flight (model aircraft)|FF]] types
|-
| G || [[Parachuting]]
|-
| H || [[VTOL|Vertical Take-off and Landing aeroplanes]]
|-
| I || [[Human-powered aircraft]]
|-
| K || [[Spacecraft]]
|-
| M || [[Tiltrotor|Tilt-wing / Tilt-engine aircraft]]
|-
| N || [[STOL|Short Take-off and Landing aeroplanes]]
|-
| O || [[Hang gliding]] & [[Paragliding]]
|-
| P || [[Aerospacecraft]]
|-
| R || [[Microlight]]
|-
| S || Space Models
|-
| U || [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicle]]s
|}

==Timeline==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! width="40px" rowspan="2" | Year
! width="150px" rowspan="2" | Pilot
! colspan="2" | Airspeed
! width="150px" rowspan="2" | Aircraft
! width="150px" rowspan="2" | Location
|-
! width="50px" | mph
! width="50px" | km/h
|-
| 1903 || [[Wilbur Wright]] || 6.82 || 15.77 || [[Wright Flyer]] || [[Kitty Hawk, North Carolina|Kitty Hawk]], NC, USA
|-
| 1905 || [[Wilbur Wright]] || 37.85 || 60.91 || [[Wright Flyer III]] ||
|-
| 1908 || [[Henry Farman]] || 40.26 || 64.79 || [[Aéroplanes Voisin|Voisin biplane]] ||
|-
| 1909 || [[Louis Blériot]] || 47.82 || 76.96 || [[Blériot XII]] ||
|-
| 1910 || [[Alfred Leblanc]] || 68.20 || 109.8 || [[Blériot XI]] ||
|-
| 1911 || [[Edouard Nieuport]] || 82.73 || 133.1 || [[Nieuport Nie-2 N]] ||
|-
| 1912 || [[Jules Vedrines]] || 108.2 || 174.1 || [[Deperdussin Monocoque]] ||
|-
| 1913 || [[Maurice Prevost]] || 126.7 || 203.8 || [[Deperdussin Monocoque]] ||
|-
| 1914 || [[Norman Spratt]] || 134.5 || 216.5 || [[RAF SE.4]] ||
|-
| 1918 || [[Roland Rohlfs]] || 163.1 || 262.4 || [[Curtiss Wasp]] ||
|-
| 1919 || [[Joseph Sadi-Lecointe]] || 191.1 || 307.5 || [[Nieuport-Delage 29v]] ||
|-
| 1920 || Joseph Sadi-Lecointe || 194.5 || 313.0 || Nieuport-Delage 29v ||
|-
| 1921 || Joseph Sadi-Lecointe || 205.2 || 330.3 || Nieuport-Delage ||
|-
| 1922 || [[Billy Mitchell]] || 224.3 || 360.9 || [[Curtiss R-6]] ||
|-
| 1923 || [[Alford J. Williams]] || 267.2 || 430.0 || [[Curtiss R2C-1]] ||
|-
| 1924 || [[Florentin Bonnet]] || 278.5 || 448.2 || [[Bernard Ferbois V2]] ||
|-
| 1927 || [[Mario de Bernardi]] || 297.8 || 479.3 || [[Macchi M.52]] ||
|-
| 1928 || Mario de Bernardi || 318.6 || 512.7 || [[Macchi M.52bis]] ||
|-
| 1929 || [[Giuseppe Motta]] || 362.0 || 582.6 || [[Macchi M.67]] ||
|-
| 1931 || [[George Stainforth|George H. Stainforth]] || 407.5 || 655.8 || [[Supermarine S.6B]] seaplane || [[Lee-on-the-Solent]], UK
|-
| 1933 || [[Francesco Agello]] || 424 || 682 || [[Macchi M.C.72]] seaplane ||
|-
| 1934 || [[Francesco Agello]] || 440.6 || 709.0 || [[Macchi M.C.72]] seaplane ||
|-
| 1935 || [[Howard Hughes]] || 352 || 566 || [[Hughes H-1 Racer]] landplane ||
|-
|1939 || [[Fritz Wendel]] ||469.22 || 755.13 || [[Me 209]] V1 || [[Augsburg]]
|-
| 1941 ||[[Heini Dittmar]] || 623.65 || 1003.67 || Rocket powered - Not an Official FAI record but over the 3km FAI distance [[Messerschmitt Me 163#Me 163 A|Messerschmitt Me 163]]A V4 || [[Peenemünde]]<ref>Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann, Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994 </ref><ref>[http://www.sportflug-noervenich.de/html/heini_dittmar.php Heini Dittmar]</ref><ref>Wolfgang Späte, Der streng geheime Vogel Me 163 p.32,33 ISBN 3-895-55142-2 1983</ref>
|-
| 1944 || [[Heinz Herlitzius]] || 624 || 1004||Not an Official FAI record [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] S2 || [[Leipheim]] <ref>Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994 </ref>
|-
| 1944 ||[[Heini Dittmar]] || 702 || 1130 || Rocket powered - Not an Official FAI record [[Messerschmitt Me 163]]B V18 || [[Lagerlechfeld]] <ref>Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994 </ref>
|-
| 1945 || [[H. J. Wilson]] || 606.4 || 975.9 || [[Gloster Meteor|Gloster Meteor F Mk4]] || [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]], UK
|-
| 1946 || [[Edward Mortlock Donaldson]] || 615.78 || 990.79 || [[Gloster Meteor|Gloster Meteor F Mk4]] || [[Littlehampton]], UK
|-
| 1947 || Col. [[Albert Boyd]] || 623.74 || 1003.60 || [[Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star|Lockheed P-80R Shooting Star]] || [[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc]], California, USA<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-080123-063.pdf
| title = Milestones in Aerospace History at Edwards AFB
| accessdate = 2008-07-14
| last = Young | first = James O.
| year = 2007| month =
| publisher = Air Force Flight Test Center History Office
| format = [[PDF]]
}}</ref>
|-
| 1947 || Cmdr. Turner Caldwell || 640.67 || 1031.32 || [[Douglas Skystreak]] || [[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc]], California,
USA
|-
| 1947 || [[Chuck Yeager]] || 670.0 || 1078 || [[Bell X-1]]- Rocket powered - not a official FAI C-1 record ||[[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc]], California,
USA
|-
| 1948 || Maj. [[Richard L. Johnson]], USAF || 670.84 || 1079.6 || [[North American F-86 Sabre|North American F-86A-3 Sabre]] || [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], USA<ref>{{cite book|author=Jackson, Robert|title=F-86 Sabre: The Operational Record|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1994}}</ref>
|-
| 1952 || [[J. Slade Nash]] || 698.5 || 1,124.1 || [[F-86D Sabre]] || [[Salton Sea]], USA
|-
| 1953 || [[William Barnes]] || 715.7 || 1,151.8 || [[F-86D Sabre]] || [[Salton Sea]], USA
|-
| 1953 || [[Neville Duke]] || 727.6 || 1,171 || [[Hawker Hunter|Hawker Hunter F Mk3]] || [[Littlehampton]], UK
|-
| 1953 || [[Mike Lithgow]] || 735.7 || 1,184 || [[Supermarine Swift]] F4 || Castel Idris, [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]]
|-
| 1953 || [[James B. Verdin]], US Navy || 753.4 || 1,213.0 || [[F4D Skyray]]|| Salton Sea, USA
|-
| 1953 || [[Frank K. Everest]] USAF || 755.1 || 1,215.3 || [[F-100 Super Sabre]]|| Salton Sea, USA
|-
| colspan=6 | ''From this point records are set at altitude and not sea level.''
|-
| 1955 || [[Horace A. Hanes]] || 822.1 || 1,323 || F-100C [[F-100 Super Sabre|Super Sabre]] || [[Palmdale, California|Palmdale]], USA
|-
| 1956 || [[Peter Twiss]] || 1,132 || 1,822 || [[Fairey Delta 2]] || [[Chichester]], UK
|-
| 1957 || [[USAF]] || 1,207 || 1,942 || [[F-101_Voodoo#Variants|F-101A Voodoo]] || Edwards Air Force Base, USA
|-
| 1958 || Cap. [[WW Irwin]], USAF || 1,404 || 2,259.5 || [[F-104_Starfighter#Variants|F-104C Starfighter]] || Edwards Air Force Base, USA
|-
| 1959 || Col. [[Georgii Mosolov]] || 1,484 || 2,388 || Ye-66 (proto [[MiG-21]]) || USSR
|-
| 1959 || Maj. [[Joseph Rogers]], USAF|| 1,525.9 || 2,455.7 || [[F-106 Delta Dart]]) || Edwards Air Force Base, USA
|-
| 1961 || [[Robert B. Robinson]], US Navy || 1606.3 || 2585.1 || Modified [[F-4 Phantom]] || Edwards Air Force Base, USA
|-
| 1962 || Col. [[Georgii Mosolov]] || 2007.3 || 3230.1 || Mikoyan Gurevich Ye-166 - name adopted for the record attempt, originally a version of a [[Ye-152]] || USSR
|-
| 1965 || [[Robert L. Stephens]]<br>and [[Daniel Andre]] || 2,070 || 3,332 || [[Lockheed YF-12]]A || [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards AFB]], USA
|-
| 1976 || Capt. [[Eldon W. Joersz]] and Maj. George T. Morgan || 2,194 || 3,530 || [[SR-71 Blackbird]] || [[Beale AFB]], USA
|}

==Official records versus unofficial==
The [[SR-71 Blackbird|Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird]] holds the official Air Speed Record for a manned airbreathing jet aircraft with a speed of 2,194 mph (3,529.56 km/h). It was capable of taking off and landing unassisted on conventional runways. The record was set on [[28 July]] [[1976]] by Eldon W. Joersz near Beale Air Force Base, [[California]], [[USA]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://records.fai.org/general_aviation/current.asp?id1=21&id2=4
| title = Current air speed record
| accessdate = 2006-10-18
}}</ref>

For a period of time, during and immediately following World War II, the unpublicised and unofficial speed record of 1004.5 km/h (623.8 mph) set by the [[Messerschmitt Me 163#Me_163_A|Messerschmitt Me 163]]AV4 (the third prototype) rocket aircraft, on [[October 2]], [[1941]] was actually the fastest velocity any aircraft had been measured as traveling to that time. That figure, set during wartime when no records were being ratified, was achieved by the Me 163A V4 at altitude rather than sea-level as it had been towed by a [[Messerschmitt Bf 110|Bf 110]] to set the record. Many record attempts were stated as being "set" after World War II by such aircraft as the [[Gloster Meteor]], which exceeded the 755 km/h (469 mph) velocity record of the pre-war holder (the [[Messerschmitt Me 209]] V1 piston engined aircraft) but the first to actually exceed the Me 163 A V4 claim was the [[Douglas Skystreak]] on [[August 20]], [[1947]].

The fastest manned atmospheric vehicle of all time was the [[command module|Apollo command module]] as it returned from the moon, reaching speeds of around [[Mach number|Mach]] 30. Although it used the air largely as a brake, it did also achieve a [[lift to drag ratio]] of around 0.368<ref>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690029435_1969029435.pdf Hillje, Ernest R., "Entry Aerodynamics at Lunar Return Conditions Obtained from the Flight of Apollo 4 (AS-501)," NASA TN D-5399, (1969).]</ref> which was used to control the flight trajectory. However this is probably very different from most people's idea of an 'aircraft'.

==Other air speed records==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | Pilot
! colspan="2" | Airspeed
! rowspan="2" | Aircraft
! rowspan="2" | Comments
|-
!mph
!km/h
|-
| 1960 || Ivan Soukhomline (USSR)|| 541 || 870 || [[Tupolev Tu-114]] || [[Fastest propeller-driven aircraft]]
|-
| 1967 || [[William Joseph Knight|'Pete' Knight]] || 4,510 || 7,274 || [[North American X-15]] || [[Rocket plane]]; incapable of breathing air
|-
| 1981-''present''|| Multiple || 17,500 || 28,000 || [[Space Shuttle]] || Speed attained during [[atmospheric reentry]]
|-
| [[August 11]] [[1986]] || John Egginton || 249.1 || 400.87 || [[Westland Lynx|Westland Lynx 800 ''G-LYNX'']] || Fastest helicopter
|-
| [[December 31]] [[1988]] || L.P. Krantov || 258.8 || 415 || [[Tupolev Tu-134|Tupolev Tu-134A]] || Fastest landing speed record (76 passengers aboard, no one harmed)<ref>[http://www.svavia.ru/info/lib/sel_chsm13.html Л.Л. Селяков. "Человек, среда, машина"] Самолет Ту-134А №65011</ref>
|-
|[[August 21]] [[1989]] || Lyle Shelton || 528 ||850 || [[Rare Bear|F8F Bearcat ''Rare Bear'']] || Fastest straight-line piston-engined aircraft
|-
|[[December 22]] [[2006]] || [[Klaus Ohlmann]] & Matias Garcia Mazzaro || 190.6 ||306.8 || [[Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-4|Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-4DM]] || Fastest gliding aircraft
|-
| [[November 16]] [[2004]] || Unmanned || 7,546 || 12,144 || [[NASA X-43|NASA X-43A]] || Air-launched [[hypersonic]] [[scramjet]]
|}

==See also==

* [[List of vehicle speed records]]
*[[Lockheed X-7|Lockheed X-7 - Mach 4.31 (2,881mph) in the 1950s]]
* [[World record]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://records.fai.org/general_aviation/ web site] of the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI)
*[http://www.speedrecordclub.com/outair.php Speed records time line]

{{extreme motion}}
{{Aviation lists}}

[[Category:Aviation records]]
[[Category:Air racing]]
[[Category:Airspeed]]

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