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Sing Tao Daily

2016-04-16T21:53:22Z

174.116.139.35: /* History */

{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2008}}
{{Infobox newspaper
|name = Sing Tao Daily
|image = [[File:Sing Tao Daily logo.svg|220px]]
|type = [[Daily newspaper]]
|format = [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|Tabloid]]
|foundation = 1938
|owners = [[Sing Tao Newspaper Group Limited]]
|headquarters = 3 Tung Wong Road, [[Shau Kei Wan]], [[Hong Kong]] Overseas: 188 [[Lafayette Street]], [[New York City]] 10013, U.S.
|political = [[Pro-China]]
|publisher =
|editor =
|chief financial officer =
|vp of advertising =
|vp of circulation =
|circulation =
|ISSN =
|website = http://www.singtao.com http://std.stheadline.com
}}
{{Infobox Chinese|t=星島日報|s=星岛日报|p=Xīngdǎo Rìbào|mi={{IPAc-cmn|x|ing|1|d|ao|3|-|ri|4|b|ao|4}}|myr=Syīngdǎu R̀bàu|w=Hsingtao Jihpao|j=Sing1 dou2 jat6 bou3|y=Sīngdóu Yahtbou|ci={{IPA-yue|ɕɪ́ŋtǒu jɐ̀tpōu|}}|tp=Xīngdǎo Rìhbào}}

The '''''Sing Tao Daily''''' ({{zh|t=星島日報}}) is Hong Kong's second largest Chinese language newspaper.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} It is owned by [[Sing Tao News Corporation Limited]], of which [[Charles Ho Tsu Kwok]] ({{zh|t=何柱國}}) is the chairman. Its English language sister paper is ''[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]]''. The ''Sing Tao'' also maintains the news website singtao.com.

There are also at least 16 overseas editions of the ''Sing Tao Daily'', which are published by 9 overseas [[news bureau]]s and circulated in 100 cities around the world. The overseas editions help facilitate easy access to homeland news for Chinese language readers outside China.

== History ==
[[File:HK Sheung Wan Sing Tao Daily News Rumsey Street 2a.jpg|thumb|300px|Sing Tao Daily]]
The parent company of the ''Sing Tao Daily'', the [[Sing Tao Newspaper Group Limited]], was founded in 1938 and is based in Hong Kong. The ''Sing Tao Daily'' was first published in the same year. It has one of the longest publishing histories among the Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong.

After establishing its [[headquarters|overseas base office]] in New York City in 1965, the ''Sing Tao'' set up International News Centres in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto (1978), Vancouver, Calgary, London, and Sydney. In all, the company now has twenty-two offices globally.

In 1998, members of the management team were found guilty of falsifying circulation numbers. The Hong Kong government's decision not to charge the chairwoman [[Sally Aw]] for reasons of "public benefit" turned into a scandal for the Hong Kong legal system and was quoted as a reason for the million's march on 1 July 2003. Shortly after, financial problems forced Aw to sell out her stock in the Sing Tao Newspaper Group Limited.

Sing Tao's Toronto edition is partially owned by [[Star Media Group]], the publisher of the [[Toronto Star]], a [[Torstar]] Corporation company.

===Notable milestones achieved in the history of Sing Tao Daily===
The ''Sing Tao Daily'' has garnered the largest regional coverage among [[overseas Chinese]] communities and also has the second largest global coverage in the world, following ''[[The International New York Times]]''. Sing Tao pioneered satellite transmission and was the first newspaper available on opposite sides of the world on the same day.

The Sing Tao Group has become the only media group in Hong Kong that owns both Chinese and English language newspapers.

The ''Sing Tao Daily'' became the first newspaper in Hong Kong to launch a website. On 23 August 1995, www.singtao.com was launched.

The ''Sing Tao Daily'' became the first newspaper in Hong Kong to develop a parenting section, which helps parents with advice for their children's growth and development.

== Market ==
The ''Sing Tao Daily'' has chosen to refresh its image and editorial content by positioning itself as the newspaper of choice for the middle class, who demand a more high-brow content. Sing Tao Daily also targets students by offering them cheaper subscription editions.

The ''Sing Tao Daily'' overseas editions serve [[Chinese emigration|Chinese immigrants]] in the United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, and elsewhere.

Since 2010, the ''Sing Tao Daily'' has significantly broadened its scope to further cover world business affairs, international political issues, and proceedings at the [[United Nations Headquarters]].

== Creation of editorial product ==
The ''Sing Tao Daily'''s editorial product is created using daily Chinese language internet feeds from Hong Kong, together with national feeds from its news bureau based in New York City as well as from various [[natural satellite|satellite]] editorial staff.

The information is transmitted electronically to the various production facilities where [[prepress]] departments compose the pages using the Chinese electronic publishing system FounderFit (produced by the Founder Group), which allows the Chinese language to be digitally [[typeset]].

In August 2007 the San Francisco office stopped using all FounderFit applications for Newspaper production. Sing Tao San Francisco now uses page layout, ad production, tracking and classified pagination applications from SCS of Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Adobe InDesign and Quark are used for news pagination. Sing Tao Toronto, Vancouver and Los Angeles have also switched to the SCS production applications.

The Information Services Department is a combination of the former Sing Tao Daily Main Library, Sing Tao Daily Business Library, Hong Kong iMail/Hong Kong Standard Library and the Sing Tao EDP Team. The department aids the production process through the following:

* News research support, including the maintenance of photograph and news archives, and company and land searches.
* Acquisition of news content and services for publication and reference
* Compilation of charts and tables for publication, including horse racing results, stock listings, financial indices, property transaction records, shipping schedules, and weather data
* Handling applications for [[copyright]] permission

The Sing Tao Electronic Photo System acts as a complement to the Information Services Department. It provides wire photos from six popular news media, pictures used for daily publication, photographs taken by their own staff, and photo archives. The photos are classified for easy retrieval.

News files, photos and other resources can be accessed through a web-based library resource catalogue.

== Political stance ==
The ''Sing Tao'' has a long pro-government history. Before the reunification of Hong Kong with China, it supported the [[Kuomintang]] and [[British Hong Kong]] Government; and once Hong Kong was [[Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|transferred of sovereignty]] and turned into a [[Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China|special administrative region]], it turned support to the Beijing government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chinese-school.netfirms.com/ChineseAdvertisingAgencies/mediaguide/Sing-Tao-Daily.html |title=Sing Tao Daily |publisher=Chinese Advertising Agencies, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/10100 |title=Editor Dismissed Over Pro-Beijing Edits, Say Sources |publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/canada/canadian-editor-dismissed-over-pro-beijing-edits-15031.html |title=Editor Dismissed Over Pro-Beijing Edits, Say Sources |author=Jason Loftus |publisher=[[Epoch Times]] |date=9 April 2009}}</ref>

[[Charles Ho]], chairman of Sing Tao News Corp Ltd., and his predecessor [[Sally Aw]], were both members of the [[Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference]], a select group of the Chinese Communist Party’s loyal friends and allies.<ref>[http://www.fjqw.gov.cn]</ref>

==Controversies==

===Chinese Communist Party Influence===
According to a 2013 report by [[Freedom House]], ''"The Long Shadow of Chinese Censorship: How the Communist Party’s Media Restrictions Affect News Outlets Around the World,"'' a number of patterns emerged in recent decades that signalled Sing Tao was under influence or directly controlled by the [[Chinese Communist Party]]: management and owners began practicing “self-censorship”, “hish-risk” contributors were being terminated, and high turnover rates increased as journalists left due to an “unpalatable editorial policy.”<ref>Cook, Sarah. [https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-shows-growing-international-reach-chinese-media-censorship "The Long Shadow of Chinese Censorship: How the Communist Party’s Media Restrictions Affect News Outlets Around the World"] Freedom House, Oct.2013]</ref>

Editorial coverage also shifted noticeably since the 1990s, notes the report:
* Avoiding or limiting coverage of politically sensitive topics such as 1989 military crackdown on [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square protesters]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], and [[Taiwanese independence]].
* Shifting critical opinions from front to back pages.
* Choosing “politically correct” rhetoric.
* Reducing investigative journalism in favor of soft news or a simple accounting of emerging events.

A 2001 report on Chinese media [[censorship]] by the [[Jamestown Foundation]] cited Sing Tao as one of four major overseas Chinese newspapers directly or indirectly controlled by Beijing.<ref>Duzhe, Mei. China Brief Vol1, Issue 10. [http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=28481&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=191&no_cache=1#.Vqaf_RgrKvN "How China's Government is Attempting to Control Chinese Media in America"] "Jamestown Foundation." 2001</ref>
“Four major Chinese newspapers are found in the U.S.—World Journal, Sing Tao Daily, Ming Pao Daily News, and The China Press," reads the report, “Of these four, three are either directly or indirectly controlled by the government of Mainland China, while the fourth (run out of Taiwan) has recently begun bowing to pressure from the Beijing government.”

===Top Sing Tao editor fired for changing Toronto Star story===
In 2009, the top editor of Toronto’s Sing Tao Daily, Wilson Chan, was fired shortly after it was revealed that he drastically modified an original Toronto Star article on Tibet to remove criticisms of the Chinese government, before publishing the story in Sing Tao. The decision to remove Chan is said to have come from [[Torstar]] Corp, who owns a majority share in Sing Tao’s Canadian edition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/10100 |title=Editor Dismissed Over Pro-Beijing Edits, Say Sources |publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref>

The original story, “Chinese Canadians Conflicted on Tibet,”<ref>Keung, Nicholas. 13 Apr 2008. [http://www.thestar.com/sports/olympics/2008/04/13/chinese_canadians_conflicted_on_tibet.html "Chinese Canadians Conflicted on Tibet"] Toronto Star</ref> which ran on April 13, 2008, was written by a reporter for the Toronto Star, an English-language newspaper also owned by Torstar Corporation. The relationship gives Sing Tao rights to translate and publish stories from the Star. Chan’s edits to the Chinese language story, which was revealed by media outlets in 2009, included changing the headline to, “The West Attacks China With Tibet Issue, Inciting Chinese Patriotism Overseas.” The edited version omitted all quotes critical of the Chinese regime’s human rights abuses, and added comments blaming the West for "suppressing China" with media reports of the crackdown in Tibet.

===Sing Tao management found guilty of fudging circulation numbers===
In 1998, members of the Sing Tao management team were found guilty of falsifying circulation numbers for the ''Hong Kong Standard'' newspaper, in order to attract advertisers and to raise the revenue of the newspapers.<ref>Mungan, Christina. 16 Dec 1998. [http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB913743301916565000 "Sally Aw Finds Buyer for 23% of Sing Tao"] Wall Street Journal</ref> According to a 2013 [[Freedom House]] report, the circulation of Sing Tao and most major overseas Chinese newspapers linked to Beijing remain unaudited, and therefore vulnerable to exaggeration:

“…circulation numbers of more Beijing-friendly Chinese-language papers are inflated, giving them an unfair advantage when obtaining revenue through advertising. Unclear figures in media directories, a lack of transparency and of independent circulation audits by publications such as Sing Tao, Ming Pao, and World Journal, and distribution route data relayed by an industry insider who wished to remain anonymous lend credence to such suspicions.”<ref>Cook, Sarah. [https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-shows-growing-international-reach-chinese-media-censorship "The Long Shadow of Chinese Censorship: How the Communist Party’s Media Restrictions Affect News Outlets Around the World"] Freedom House, Oct.2013</ref>

== Image promotion ==
The ''Sing Tao Daily'' has embarked upon many programmes to lift its brand positioning and stimulate its circulation and readership.

These have included the following:

* Editorial repositioning
* Opinion exchanges with readers
* A special edition with highlights of the ''Sing Tao Daily''{{'}}s core and enhanced content
* Special supplements, e.g. its series of [[September 11, 2001 attacks|9-11]] supplements following the events of 11 September 2001, and [[Football World Cup|World Cup]] pullouts
* Topical supplements, including ''Property Browser'' and ''Job Market'' ({{zh|t=求職廣場}})
* Support of campaigns such as
** the Angel Campaign
** the Inter-School Debating Competition
** the Leader of the Year Award

In response to the perception by some that the ''Sing Tao'' has been a traditional and conservative newspaper, it has recently launched a "daring and middle class" communication platform in an attempt to promote itself as being more contemporary.

==Website content==
The news on the website of the ''Sing Tao Daily'' is generally the same as what can be found in the printed paper. Different versions of the website customised with local content can also be accessed by readers in the United States, Canada, and Australia.

==See also==
* [[Sing Tao Holdings Limited]]
* [[Sing Tao News Corporation Limited]]
* [[Headline Daily]]
* [[Newspapers of Hong Kong]]
* [[Media in Hong Kong]]
* [[Newspaper Society of Hong Kong]]
* [[Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations]]
* ''[[The Standard (Hong Kong)]]''
* ''[[Sing Tao Daily (Canada)]]''
* ''[[Miss Sing Tao]]''
* ''[[China Daily]]''
* ''[[The Epoch Times]]''
* ''[[The International New York Times]]''
* ''[[World Journal]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sing Tao Daily}}
*[http://www.singtao.com Sing Tao Daily Official Website]
**[http://www.singtaousa.com USA]
**[http://www.singtao.ca/singtao_east/ Canada East]
**[http://www.singtao.ca/singtao_west/ Canada West]
**[http://www.singtao.com.au Australia]
*[http://www.singtaonewscorp.com Sing Tao News Corporation Limited]

[[Category:Newspapers published in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Chinese-language newspapers (Traditional Chinese)]]
[[Category:Chinese-language newspapers published in the United States]]

Tanjong Pagar Railway Station

2016-02-23T07:10:43Z

174.116.139.35: /* History */

{{Distinguish|Tanjong Pagar MRT Station}}

{{Infobox station
| name=Singapura
| type=Former [[KTM Intercity]] station
| image=Tanjong Pagar Railway Station exterior view(1).jpg
| image_size=200
| image_caption=The art deco Tanjong Pagar Railway Station. The large initials "F M S R" stand for Federated Malay States Railways. The four white marble reliefs beneath these initials are allegories of Agriculture, Commerce, Transport and Industry.
| address= 30B Keppel Road, Everton Park, [[Singapore]] 089059
| coordinates={{Coord|1|16|22|N|103|50|17|E|region:SG_type:railwaystation}}
| line=Formerly [[KTM Intercity]]
| other=
| platform=1 [[side platform]] and 1 [[island platform]] (segmented as two side platforms).
| tracks=3 (formerly 5)
| parking=Available
| bicycle=
| baggage_check=
| passengers=
| pass_year=
| pass_percent=
| pass_system=
| opened=3 May 1932
| closed=1 July 2011
| rebuilt=
| electrified=
| ADA=
| code=
| owned=[[Singapore Land Authority]]
| zone=
| services={{s-rail|title=KTM Intercity}}
{{s-line|system=KTM Intercity|line=North South|branch=(defunct)|previous=Bukit Timah|next=}}
| mpassengers=
| embedded={{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Singapore|designation1_date=9 April 2011}}
}}

'''Tanjong Pagar railway station''' ({{lang-ms|Stesen Keretapi Tanjong Pagar}}; {{lang-zh|丹戎巴葛火车总站}}; {{lang-ta|தஞ்சோங் பகார் ரயில் நிலையம்}}), also called '''Singapore railway station''' ({{lang-ms|Stesen Keretapi Singapura}}; {{lang-zh|新加坡火车站}}; {{lang-ta|சிங்கப்பூர் ரயில் நிலையம்}}) or '''Keppel Road railway station''', was a railway station located in [[Tanjong Pagar]], [[Singapore]]. The station was until 30 June 2011 the southern [[Terminal station|terminus]] of the network operated by [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu]] (KTM), the main railway operator in [[Malaysia]]. The land on which the station and the KTM railway tracks was originally owned by KTM till 30 June 2011.<ref>{{cite news |work= [[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]] |location =Kuala Lumpur |date= 28 March 1997 |title= Squatters on KTM land to be evicted |url= http://161.139.39.251/akhbar/squatters/1997/sn97328.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work= The Star |location =Kuala Lumpur |date= 29 June 2010 |title =Tg Pagar railway land was leased to KTM |url= http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/6/29/parliament/6568842&sec=parliament}}</ref>

The main building of the railway station was gazetted as a national monument on 9 April 2011, completing one of the objectives of the new Points of Agreement between Malaysia and Singapore.

== Cessation of operations ==
Following an agreement between the governments of Malaysia and Singapore on 24 May 2010, railway operations at the station ceased from 1 July 2011. The conserved building may be integrated with future developments on the site or turned into a museum. KTM's southern terminus was relocated to the [[Woodlands Train Checkpoint]]. [[File:Tanjong Pagar Railway Station - notice of cessation of operations on board train.jpg|thumb|left|250px|A notice of the cessation of operations at the Tanjong Pagar train station displayed on board a train from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore (Tanjong Pagar) on 26 June 2011, during the last week of the station's operations.]] The closure of the line between Tanjong Pagar and the Woodlands checkpoint was something that had been considered for some 20 years with the intention made clear through the [[Malaysia–Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990]], though the exact details could not be agreed upon until the agreement was signed between the two countries in 2010. Though supported by some, the closure was opposed and lamented by others as representing a great loss of Singapore's heritage and of a key public transportation facility.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Following closure, Singapore has less than a kilometre of main railway line, from Woodlands to Johor Bahru across the Straits of Johor.

==History==
Before the [[Johor-Singapore Causeway]] across the [[Straits of Johor]] was built, the railway in Singapore was limited to the island. The construction of the causeway began in 1919, and it was opened to goods trains on 17 September 1923 and to passenger trains on 1 October 1923. Previously, passengers and goods were transferred at [[Woodlands, Singapore|Woodlands]] to a ferry to [[Johor Bahru]] and the connecting train on the [[Malay Peninsula|peninsula]]. Tanjong Pagar railway station was completed on 3 May 1932 and officially opened by [[Sir Cecil Clementi]]. It was in operation for around 79 years before it ceased operations on 1 July 2011 to be reserved as the Singapore Railway Museum.

== Architecture ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = Tanjong Pagar railway station
| image1 = Tanjong Pagar railway station in Singapore - four marble statues by Rudolfo Nolli.tif
| width1 = 275
| caption1 = Four marble statues by [[Rudolfo Nolli]]
| image2 = Tanjong Pagar Railway Station interior - public hall (1).jpg
| width2 = 275
| caption2 = The interior hall of Tanjong Pagar station
| image3 = Large paintings in hall of Tanjong Pagar Railway Station (1).jpg
| width3 = 275
| caption3 = Panels of paintings depicting economic activities of Malaysia and Singapore in the Station hall
}}
The building is in a richly ornamented [[Art Deco]] style. On its exterior are four [[relief]]s of white [[marble]], [[allegory|allegories]] of Agriculture, Industry, Commerce and Transport. They are works by [[Rudolfo Nolli]].<ref>http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Statues_by_Rodolfo_Nolli</ref><ref>http://www.publicart.sg/?q=Nolli_FMS-Railway-Station</ref>

The hall has a [[barrel vault]] roof.

Inside the main public hall, the walls bear panels with scenes depicting economic activities that were historically significant in Malaya: rice planting, rubber tapping, shipping activities, [[bullock cart]] transport, [[copra]] growing and [[tin]] mining.<ref name="NLB">{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_954_2005-01-10.html |title=Tanjong Pagar Railway Station |last=Yong |first=Chun Yuan |date=2007 |website=Singapore Infopedia |publisher=National Library Board (Singapore) |access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref>

These panels and the original floor slabs were manufactured locally, using rubber to deaden noise.

The two long platforms were capable of accommodating the longest mail trains, covered by umbrella reinforced concrete roofs.

== Train services ==

KTM used to run six daily [[KTM Intercity]] trains between Singapore and [[Kuala Lumpur]], the capital city of Malaysia. It also ran several other trains between Singapore and other parts of [[Peninsular Malaysia]], such as Kelantan state in the northeast. It also operated a shuttle service between Johor Bahru and Singapore for commuters. Until 30 June 2011, the stops in Singapore were at [[Woodlands, Singapore|Woodlands]] (for immigration clearance by Singapore Immigration and disembarkation of passengers travelling from Malaysia) and Tanjong Pagar (embarkation and disembarkation). Since 1 July 2011, the only stop in Singapore is at Woodlands.

[[Tanjong Pagar MRT Station|Tanjong Pagar]] and [[Outram Park MRT Station]]s are approximately 1 km from the Tanjong Pagar railway station.

==Disputes between Singapore and Malaysia==
The status of the railway station was disputed between the governments of Malaysia and Singapore.

When Singapore left Malaysia in 1965, there was no [[border control]] between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://app.ica.gov.sg/about_ica/heritage/history_sir/immigration.asp |title=History of Singapore Immigration |accessdate=11 September 2006 |format= |work=Immigration & Checkpoints Authority, Singapore |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20031006145506/http://app.ica.gov.sg:80/about_ica/heritage/history_sir/immigration.asp |archivedate=October 6, 2003 }}</ref> When the two countries established border controls, both the Malaysian and Singaporean Customs, Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) officers were stationed at Tanjong Pagar for clearance of railway passengers. Road travellers clear immigration at the Malaysian side of the [[Johor-Singapore Causeway|causeway]] and [[Woodlands, Singapore]] upon entry to Singapore. In this case, the CIQ of both countries are separated.

===Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990===
{{Main|Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990}}

In 1990, Malaysia and Singapore signed an agreement concerning Tanjong Pagar railway station. Malaysia agreed to relocate the station to [[Bukit Timah]], thus freeing up land for development. In return, Singapore agreed that railway land at Tanjong Pagar would be handed over to a private limited company for joint development, with equity split 60% to Malaysia and 40% to Singapore. However, the parties interpreted the agreement in very different ways. Singapore insisted that the agreement took immediate effect but Malaysia argued that the agreement would come into effect only after it decided to move the station.

[[File:Railway platforms and lines at the Tanjong Pagar Railway Station (1).jpg|thumb|275px|right|Platforms and lines at the Tanjong Pagar railway station, with passengers on the platform to the left clearing Malaysian immigration and customs formalities before boarding the northbound train for Malaysia.]]

===Immigration control issues===
Since 1992 [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|KTM]] has worked with Singapore on re-aligning its railway tracks at Woodlands, where Singapore built a new immigration checkpoint to replace the old checkpoint, with facilities to carry out train passengers' immigration clearance instead of at Tanjong Pagar. In 1993, Malaysia responded that it would transfer its CIQ operations to the new Woodlands checkpoint.<ref>{{cite news |work= [[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |location =Kuala Lumpur |date= 31 July 1998 |title= Statement by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia |url= http://161.139.39.251/akhbar/emigration/1998/st988013.htm}}</ref>

However, in June 1997 Malaysia stated that the [[Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990]] would come into effect only after it decided to relocate Tanjong Pagar station. Malaysia also informed Singapore that it had changed its mind and decided not to co-locate its CIQ with Singapore's at Woodlands Train Checkpoint (WTCP) but to remain at Tanjong Pagar. In April 1998, Singapore informed Malaysia that it would be moving its CIQ operations to Woodlands while Malaysia would have to move its CIQ out of Singapore from 1 August 1998. Malaysia requested, instead, that space be made available at the WTCP, as an interim arrangement, for Malaysian Immigration officials to operate from there and thereby overcome the problem of sequence of exit and entry stampings by Singapore and Malaysia immigration authorities.

According to a press release from the Ministry of Home Affairs of Singapore dated 24 July 1998:
* Singapore will allow Malaysian customs officials to operate at Tanjong Pagar railway station. Singapore officials will be present at Tanjong Pagar railway station to lend their authority to Malaysian customs officials during the interim period.
* Singapore has agreed to Malaysia's request to allow Malaysian Immigration to put some desks for its immigration officers on the passenger platform at WTCP to clear passengers after Singapore has cleared them for exit from Singapore. Singapore Immigration must clear departing passengers for exit from Singapore before Malaysian Immigration clears them for entry into Malaysia. Otherwise, the sequence of immigration clearance will be illogical and it will cause problems in crime investigation and prosecution. These interim arrangements will overcome the problems which would be caused if Malaysian Immigration were to remain in Tanjong Pagar railway station.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=MjMx-ft5eg0w5yDs%3d |title=Relocation Of Singapore CIQ operations to Woodlands and arrangements for Malaysian CIQ for train service |date=24 July 1998 |accessdate=1 July 2011 |publisher= Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore}}</ref>

However, Malaysia refused to have its immigration clearance on the platform: it insisted that Malaysian Immigration should be inside the building at WTCP. If this was not possible, it said that Malaysian Immigration would remain at Tanjong Pagar. Singapore argued that Malaysia's decision to locate its Immigration Control Post in Singapore was not in compliance with Malaysia's own law. Under Malaysian law, it is [[Johor Bahru railway station]], not Tanjong Pagar, that is gazetted as an Immigration Control Post for persons travelling by train from Singapore to Malaysia. Singapore also pointed out that this was confirmed by the endorsement on the passports of passengers boarding the train at Tanjong Pagar, which showed:

<blockquote>
"MALAYSIA IMMIGRATION 
JOHOR BAHRU 
SOCIAL/BUSINESS VISIT PASS 
Reg. 11. Imm. Regs 63 
[Date]" 
Permitted to enter and remain in West Malaysia and Sabah for one month from the date shown above"<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=MjM0-nawsmc1dYz4%3d |title= Rail passengers will face difficulties and inconvenience if Malaysian Immigration insists on executing its duties at Tanjong Pagar Railway Station |date=31 July 1998 |accessdate=1 July 2011 |work=Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore}}</ref>
</blockquote>

On 1 August 1998, Singaporean Immigration ceased operations in Tanjong Pagar and moved to [[Woodlands train Checkpoint|WTCP]], while Malaysian Immigration continued operating in Tanjong Pagar. Malaysia decided not to endorse the [[passport]]s of outgoing rail passengers from Singapore and promised to provide legal arguments to show that Malaysia's CIQ had the legal right to stay at Tanjong Pagar.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=MjM1-whEbbREiOTI%3d |title=Response to press queries on the many recent statements on the CIQ issues by Malaysian leaders |date=4 August 1998 |accessdate=1 July 2011 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore}}</ref>

The immigration clearance procedure which resulted from the impasse until 1 July 2011 was:
* Towards Singapore, Malaysian immigration officers carried out immigration clearance on board the train at [[Johor Bahru]] railway station. After clearing immigration, the train crossed the [[Johor-Singapore Causeway|causeway]] and stopped at WTCP, where all passengers proceeded to Singapore Customs and Immigration. Therefore, travellers entering Singapore by rail followed the correct order of immigration clearance, that is, exit granted by Malaysian Immigration in Johor and entry granted by Singapore Immigration in Woodlands. After clearing immigration at Woodlands, passengers could choose to leave the checkpoint or continue on the train to Tanjong Pagar.
* Towards Malaysia, passengers boarded the train at Tanjong Pagar and cleared Malaysian Customs and Immigration before boarding. The train travelled for about 30 minutes to WTCP and stopped there for 30 minutes for passengers to clear Singapore Immigration. In this case, passengers were granted entry into Malaysia before clearing Singapore Immigration, which is contrary to international practice. To circumvent this problem, Malaysian immigration officers did not stamp passports.

In early 2007, news of a Singaporean woman being jailed for failing to have her passport stamped when entering Malaysia threw the spotlight on the unusual clearance procedures. The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] reminded Singaporeans that their passports would not be stamped when departing for Malaysia by train, instead stamping a disembarkation card, which had to be retained until departure from Malaysia. The entry records were also entered into a computer system.<ref>{{cite news |work= [[The Straits Times]] |location =Singapore |date= 7 February 2007 |title= What to look out for |url= http://motoring.asiaone.com.sg/drivers/20070214_004.html}}</ref> Even then, this arrangement continued to present problems for some commuters.<ref>{{cite news |work= [[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]] |location =Singapore |date= 17 January 2007 |title= Trouble over unstamped passport in Malaysia |url= http://www.todayonline.com/articles/166251.asp}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work= Today |location =Singapore |date= 19 January 2007 |title= While 'in Malaysia', we ran around S'pore to solve problem of unstamped passport |url= http://www.todayonline.com/articles/166730.asp}}</ref>

===Relocation agreed===
On 24 May 2010, a meeting between Malaysian Prime Minister [[Najib Razak]] and his Singaporean counterpart [[Lee Hsien Loong]] in Singapore resolved the relocation issue. In a joint statement<ref>{{cite press release |title =Joint statement by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and Prime Minister Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak |date=24 May 2010 |url= http://www.news.gov.sg/public/sgpc/en/media_releases/agencies/micacsd/press_release/P-20100524-1.html |publisher=Singapore Government |accessdate=25 May 2010}}</ref> after the meeting, they announced that KTM would move out of Tanjong Pagar railway station and establish a station at the [[Woodlands Train Checkpoint]] (WTCP), making it the southern terminus of the Malaysian rail network, from 1 July 2011. Malaysia would also relocate its customs, immigration and quarantine facilities from Tanjong Pagar to the WTCP, enabling an integrated border crossing facility between Malaysia and Singapore.

Singapore agreed to ensure a connecting bus service between WTCP and a nearby MRT station, and for the National Heritage Board to preserve the station building in any development of the area. [[Bukit Timah railway station]] building at Blackmore Drive can also be conserved.

Both sides agreed to create a consortium called M-S Pte Ltd, of which 60% equity is owned by Malaysia's Khazanah Nasional Berhad and 40% by Singapore's Temasek Holdings Ltd. The company will be vested with three parcels of land in Tanjong Pagar, Kranji and Woodlands and three additional pieces of land in Bukit Timah (Lot 76-2 Mk 16, Lot 249 Mk 4 and Lot 32-10 Mk 16) in exchange for the return of KTM railway land to Singapore, which was swapped with the [[Marina One]] and [[dUO]] plots of land, which is located at Marina Bay and Bugis areas in Singapore, in a bid to boost the financial growth in the central business district, and the nearest MRT stations to their M-S Pte Ltd ownage of the land are [[Marina Bay MRT Station|Marina Bay]] and [[Bugis MRT Station|Bugis]].

Both sides also agreed to the building of a [[Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System|rapid transit link between Johor Bahru and Singapore]] to enhance connectivity across the Causeway. After the completion of the link, the KTM terminus may be relocated to Johor.<ref>{{cite news |work= [[Channel NewsAsia]] |location =Singapore |date= 24 May 2010 |title= KTMB station in Tanjong Pagar to relocate to Woodlands by Jul 2011 |url= http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1058645/1/.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency= [[Bernama]] |date= 24 May 2010 |title= Malaysia To Relocate Tanjong Pagar Train Station To Woodlands |url= http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v5/newsgeneral.php?id=500673}}</ref>

The last train out of Tanjong Pagar was driven by Sultan [[Ibrahim Ismail of Johor]], whose grandfather, [[Ismail of Johor]], had opened the causeway between Singapore and Malaya in 1923. The Sultan had to learn how to drive a train before he was able to perform this task, receiving training from KTM. Two drivers accompanied him to ensure safety.<ref name=ST010711>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.straitstimes.com/2011/7/1/royal-on-the-rails |title=Why I drove the last train out |work=Home Ground (Straits Times blog) |location =Singapore |author=HRH Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor |date=1 July 2011 |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu]]
* [[Eastern & Orient Express]]
* [[Johor-Singapore Causeway]]
* [[Malaysia-Singapore Border]]
* [[Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990]]

==References==

{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Library resources box
|onlinebooks=no
|by=no
}}
{{Commons category|Tanjong Pagar Railway Station}}

*[http://www.keretapi.com/tanjung-pagar-railway-station.html Singapore Railway Station at www.keretapi.com]
*[https://theta360.com/s/b2Yo7yPmPJfaV8fbFMCD5HD5o 360° image of Tanjong Pagar railway station]

{{KTM Intercity railway stations}}
[[Category:Defunct railway stations in Singapore]]
[[Category:Railway stations opened in 1932]]
[[Category:Railway stations closed in 2011]]
[[Category:KTM Intercity railway stations]]
[[Category:Malaysia–Singapore border crossings]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture|Railway stations]]

Francis Pegahmagabow

2015-12-02T05:05:59Z

174.116.139.35: /* Early life */

{{Infobox military person
|name= Francis Pegahmagabow
|image= Francis Pegahmagabow.jpg
|caption= Francis Pegahmagabow shortly after World War I
|alt=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1891|03|09}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1952|08|05|1891|03|09}}
|birth_place= [[Parry Sound, Ontario]]
|death_place= Parry Sound, Ontario
|placeofburial=
|nickname= "Peggy"<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. ">{{harvnb|Veterans Affairs Canada|2010|p=}}</ref>
|allegiance= {{flag|Canada|1868}}
|branch= [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]]
|serviceyears= 1914–1919<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/>
|rank= [[Corporal]]
|servicenumber=
|unit=
|battles= [[World War I]]
* [[Second Battle of Ypres]]
* [[Battle of the Somme (1916)|Battle of the Somme]]
* [[Second Battle of Passchendaele]]
* [[Hundred Days Offensive|Battle of the Scarpe]]
|awards= [[Military Medal]] & [[Medal bar|Two bars]]
|relations=
|laterwork= Chief of [[Wasauksing First Nation]] (1921–25 and 1942–45) Tribal Councillor (1933–36)
}}
'''Francis Pegahmagabow''' [[Military Medal|MM]] & [[Medal bar|Two bars]] (March 9, 1891 – August 5, 1952) was the [[First Nations]] soldier most highly decorated for bravery in [[Military history of Canada|Canadian military history]] and the most effective [[sniper]] of [[World War I]]. Three times awarded the Military Medal and seriously wounded, he was an expert [[marksman]] and [[Reconnaissance|scout]], credited with killing 378 Germans and capturing 300 more.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 63">{{harvnb|Brownlie|2003|p=63}}</ref> Later in life, he served as chief and a [[councilor]] for the [[Wasauksing First Nation]], and as an [[activist]] and leader in several [[First Nations]] organizations. He corresponded with and met other noted aboriginal figures including [[Fred Loft]], Jules Sioui, [[Andrew Paull]] and [[John Tootoosis]].

==Early life==
Francis Pegahmagabow was born on what is now the First Nation reserve.<ref name="Hayes2003 p.14">{{harvnb|Hayes|2003|p=14}}</ref> His father was a man of the First Nation and his mother of the First Nation, located further up Bay's north shore.<ref name="Hayes2003 p.14"/> An [[Ojibwa]] he grew up at the [[Wasauksing First Nation]] (Wasauksing) Band, on Parry Island located near [[Parry Sound, Ontario]]. He was orphaned at an early age and was raised by the First Nation community. Prior to the war, Pegahmagabow worked as a fireman for the Department on the [[Lakes]].<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/

==Military career==
Following the outbreak of [[World War I]], Pegahmagabow volunteered for service with the [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]] in August 1914 and was posted to the [[The Algonquin Regiment|23rd Canadian Regiment (Northern Pioneers)]]. After joining the Canadian force he was based at [[CFB Valcartier]]. While there he decorated his army tent with traditional symbols including a deer, the symbol of his clan.<ref name= "Schmalz p. 301">{{harvnb|Schmalz|1991|p=301}}</ref> In February, 1915, he was deployed overseas with the [[1st Canadian Battalion (Ontario Regiment), CEF|1st Canadian Infantry Battalion]] of the [[1st Canadian Division]]—the first contingent of Canadian troops sent to flight in Europe.<ref name= "Hayes2005 p. 128">{{harvnb|Hayes|2005|p=128}}</ref>

Shortly after his arrival on the continent, Pegahmagabow saw action during the [[Second Battle of Ypres]], where the Germans used [[chlorine]] gas for the first time on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], and it was during this battle that he began to establish a reputation as a sniper and scout. Later, his battalion took part in the [[Battle of the Somme (1916)|Battle of the Somme]] and it was during this battle that Pegahmagabow was wounded in the left leg. He recovered in time, however, to return to the 1st Battalion as they moved to Belgium.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> Over the course of these two battles which spanned almost a year, Pegahmagabow carried messages along the lines, and it was for these efforts that he received the [[Military Medal]].<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> Initially, his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Frank Albert Creighton, had nominated him from the [[Distinguished Conduct Medal]], citing the disregard he showed for danger and his "faithfulness to duty",<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> however, it was later downgraded.<ref name="Hayes2003 p.31">{{harvnb|Hayes|2003|p=31}}</ref>

On November 6/7, 1917, Pegahmagabow earned a [[Medal bar|Bar]] to his Military Medal for his actions in the [[Second Battle of Passchendaele]]. During the fighting there Pegahmagabow's battalion was given the task of launching an attack at Passchendaele.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> By this time, he had been promoted to the rank of [[corporal]] and during the battle he was recorded playing an important role as a link between the units on the 1st Battalion's flank. When the battalion's reinforcements became lost, Pegahmagabow was instrumental in guiding them to where they needed to go and ensuring that they reached their allocated spot in the line.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/>

Later in the war, on August 30, 1918, during the [[Hundred Days Offensive|Battle of the Scarpe]], Pegahmagabow was involved in fighting off a German attack at Orix Trench, near Upton Wood. His company was almost out of ammunition and in danger of being surrounded. In an effort to prevent a disaster he took it upon himself to bring up the necessary supplies. Braving heavy machine gun and rifle fire he went out into [[no-man's land]] and brought back enough ammunition to enable his post to carry on and assist in repulsing heavy enemy counter-attacks.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> For these efforts he received a second Bar to his Military Medal,<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> becoming one of only 38 Canadians to receive this honour.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/><ref name= "Bethune p. ">{{harvnb|Bethune|2005|p=}}</ref>

In November 1918, the war came to an end and in 1919 Pegahmagabow was invalided back to Canada. He had served in the military for almost the whole war,<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> and had built up a reputation as a skilled marksman. Using the much-maligned [[Ross rifle]],<ref name= "Pegler p. 139">{{harvnb|Pegler|2006|p=139}}</ref> he was credited with killing 378 Germans and capturing 300 more.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 63"/>

===Awards===
#He was first awarded the Military Medal while fighting at the second battle of Ypres, Festubert and Givenchy, for courage above fire in getting important messages through to the rear.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/>
#Earned his first bar to the Military Medal at the bloody Battle of Passchendaele.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/>
#His second bar to the Military Medal came at the battle of The Scarpe, in 1918. Only 37 other Canadian men received the honour of two bars.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/><ref name="Bethune p. "/>

In 2003 the Pegahmagabow family donated his medals, and chief head dress to the Canadian War Museum where they can be seen as of 2010 as part of the World War I display.<ref name= "Canadian War Museum p.Jaylen was there ">{{harvnb|Canadian War Museum|2003|p=}}</ref>

===Controversy===
While writing his 2005 novel ''[[Three Day Road]]'', [[Joseph Boyden]] undertook a considerable amount of research on Pegahmagabow. When interviewed by Herb Wylie, Boyden was asked about why he thought that Pegahmagabow had not received a higher award like the Distinguished Conduct Medal or the [[Victoria Cross]]. In response, Boyden speculated that it might have been due to Pegahmagabow being a [[First Nation]] soldier. He also stated that there may have been some jealousy on the part of some officers who he felt might have been suspicious of the number of Germans Pegahmagabow claimed to have shot because he did not use an observer while sniping.<ref name= "Wyile pp. 225-237">{{harvnb|Wyile|2007|pp=225–237}}</ref>

==Political life==
[[File:Francis Pegahmagabow 1945.jpeg|thumb|alt=older man with suit, tie, and medals on his chest|Pegahmagabow in 1945 while attending a conference in Ottawa where the National Indian Government was formed.]]
Upon his return to Canada he continued to serve in the [[Algonquin Regiment]] militia as a non-permanent active member.<ref name= "Veterans Affairs Canada p. "/> Following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps, he was elected chief of the Parry Island Band from February 1921. Once in office he caused a schism in the band after he wrote a letter calling for certain individuals and those of mixed race to be expelled from the reserve.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 65"/> He was re-elected in 1924 and served until he was deposed via an internal power struggle in April 1925. Before the motion could go through, Pegahmagabow resigned.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 68">{{harvnb|Brownlie|2003|p=68}}</ref> A decade later, he was appointed councillor from 1933 to 1936. In 1933 the [[Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|Department of Indian Affairs (DIA)]] changed its policies and forbade First Nation chiefs from corresponding with the DIA. They directed that all correspondence, as of the spring of 1933, go through the [[Indian Agent (Canada)|Indian Agent]].<ref name= "Brownlie p. ix"/> This gave huge power to the Agent, something that grated on Pegahmagabow, who did not get along with his Indian Agent, John Daly.<ref name= "Brownlie p. ix">{{harvnb|Brownlie|2003|p=ix}}</ref> First Nation members who served in the army during World War I were particularly active as political activists. They had travelled the world, earned the respect of the comrades in the trenches, and refused to be sidelined by the newly empowered Indian Agent. Historian Paul Williams termed these advocates "returned soldier chiefs", and singled out a few, including Pegahmagabow, as being especially active.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 57">{{harvnb|Brownlie|2003|p=57}}</ref> This caused intense disagreements with Daly and eventually led to Pegahmagabow being deposed as chief.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 63"/> Daly and other agents who came in contact with Pegahmagabow were incredibly frustrated by his attempts, in his words, to free his people from "white slavery."<ref name= "Brownlie p. 65">{{harvnb|Brownlie|2003|p=65}}</ref> The Indian agents labelled him a "mental case" and strove to sideline him and his supporters.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 65"/>

In addition to the power struggle between the Indian council and the DIA with which Pegahmagabow took issue, he was a constant agitator over the islands in [[Georgian Bay]] of the [[Wyandot people|Huron]]. The Regional First Nation governments claimed the islands as their own and Pegahmagabow and other chiefs tried in vain to get recognition of their status.<ref name= "Brownlie p. 98">{{harvnb|Brownlie|2003|p=98}}</ref>

During [[World War II]] he worked as a guard at a munitions plant near [[Nobel, Ontario]] while being a Sergeant-Major in the local militia.<ref name= "Mackey p. ">{{harvnb|Mackey|2003|p=}}</ref> In 1943, he became the Supreme Chief of The Native Independent Government, an early First Nations organization.<ref name= "Mackey p. "/>

==Family and legacy==
A married father of six children, Francis Pegahmagabow died on the Parry Island reserve in 1952 at the age of 61. He is a member of the Indian Hall of Fame at the Woodland Centre in [[Brantford, Ontario]], Canada, and his memory is also commemorated on a plaque honouring him and his regiment on the Rotary and Algonquin Regiment Fitness Trail in Parry Sound.<ref name= "Mackey p. "/> Most recently honoured by the Canadian Forces by naming the 3rd Canadian Ranger Patrol Group HQ Building at CFB Borden after him.<ref name= "Canadian Forces p. ">{{harvnb|Canadian Forces|2006|p=}}</ref>

===In popular media===
{{wikiquote|Francis Pegahmagabow}}

====Fiction====
Canadian novelist [[Joseph Boyden]]'s 2005 novel ''[[Three Day Road]]'' was inspired in part by Pegahmagabow. The novel's protagonist is a fictional character who, like Pegahmagabow, serves as a military sniper during World War I, although Pegahmagabow himself appears as a minor character as well.<ref name= "Wyile pp. 225-237"/><ref name= "Foxmeadowbooks.com p. ">{{harvnb|Foxmeadowbooks.com|2010|p=}}</ref>

====Biography====
*{{cite book | last = Hayes|first= Adrian | authorlink = | title = Pegahmagabow: legendary warrior, forgotten hero|edition= 2003|pages= | publisher = Fox Meadow Creations| isbn= 978-0-9681452-8-9}}- Total pages: 95 

==See also==
{{portal|Canadian Armed Forces|World War I}}
*[[Tommy Prince]] (October 25, 1915 – November 25, 1977) was one of Canada's most decorated First Nations soldiers, serving in World War II and the [[Korean War]].

==Bibliography==
;Notes
{{reflist|30em}}
;References
{{Refbegin|2}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv| last=Bethune| first= Brian|date= May 30, 2005|url = http://www.macleans.ca/article.jsp?content=20050527_180400_6736|title =Windigo in the First World War|publisher = [[Maclean's]]| accessdate = May 15, 2010 }}
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Brownlie|first=Robin | authorlink = | title = A Fatherly Eye: Indian Agents, Government Power, and Aboriginal Resistance in Ontario, 1918–1939|edition=2003|year=2003| publisher = [[University of Toronto Press]]| isbn= 978-0-19-541784-5|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=sF5Cey6p-bcC&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20Fatherly%20Eye%3A%20Indian%20Agents%2C%20Government%20Power%2C%20and%20Aboriginal%20Resistance%20in%20Ontario%2C&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true }} - Total pages: 204 
*{{cite web |ref=harv|date= August 2006|url = http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/3crpg/eng/stories/06aug01-eng.html|title = Ranger headquarters named after Canada's most decorated aboriginal soldier|publisher = [[Canadian Forces]]| accessdate = May 11, 2010 | last=Canadian Forces| first= |authorlink =Canadian Forces}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|year= 2010|url = http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history/other/native/peaceful|title = Native Soldiers – Foreign Battlefields – A Peaceful Man|publisher = [[Veterans Affairs Canada]]| accessdate = May 11, 2010 | last=Veterans Affairs Canada| first= |authorlink =Veterans Affairs Canada}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv| last=Canadian War Museum| first= |date= August 27, 2003|url = http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/media/press-releases/year-2003/cpl-francis-pegahmagabows-medals-donated-to-the-canadian-war-museum|title = Cpl. Francis Pegahmagabow's Medals donated to the Canadian War Museum|publisher = pub| accessdate = May 15, 2010 |authorlink =Canadian War Museum}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|date= August 29, 2003|url = http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/treasure/280eng.shtml|title = Francis Pegahmagabow's Medals|work = [[Canadian Museum of Civilization]]|publisher = civilization.ca| accessdate = May 11, 2010 | last=Civilization.ca| first= }}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|year=2010|url = http://www.foxmeadowbooks.com/pegah.html|title = Pegahmagabow: Legendary Warrior, Forgotten Hero|publisher =foxmeadowbooks.com| accessdate = May 11, 2010 | last=foxmeadowbooks.com| first= }}
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Hayes|first=Adrian | authorlink = | title = Parry Sound: Gateway to Northern Ontario|edition=2005|year=2005| publisher = Dundurn Press Ltd| isbn= 978-1-896219-91-2|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Nn21iNJ2utcC&lpg=PP1&dq=Parry%20Sound%3A%20Gateway%20to%20Northern%20Ontario&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true }} - Total pages: 253 
*{{cite book | last = Hayes|first= Adrian | authorlink = | title = Pegahmagabow: Legendary Warrior, Forgotten Hero|edition= 2003|year=2003|pages= | publisher = Fox Meadow Creations| isbn= 978-0-9681452-8-9}}- Total pages: 95 
*{{cite web |ref=harv| last=Mackey| first= Doug |date= December 12, 2003|url = http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/dec_122003.htm|title = Legendary Soldier – Native Leader |work =Community Voices|publisher = Past Forward| accessdate = July 7, 2010 }}
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Pegler|first=Martin | authorlink = | title = Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper|edition=2006|year=2006| publisher = [[Osprey Publishing]]| isbn= 978-1-84603-140-3|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=-mkh931pIugC&lpg=PP1&dq=Out%20of%20Nowhere%3A%20A%20History%20of%20the%20Military%20Sniper&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true }} - Total pages: 352 
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Schmalz|first=Peter S.| authorlink = | title = The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario|edition=1991|year=1991| publisher = [[University of Toronto Press]]| isbn= 978-0-8020-6778-4|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=espKE9_839wC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Ojibwa%20of%20Southern%20Ontario&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true }} - Total pages: 334 
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Wyile|first=Herb | authorlink = | title = Speaking in The Past Tense: Canadian Novelists on Writing Historical Fiction|edition=2007|year=2007| publisher = [[Wilfrid Laurier University Press]]| isbn= 978-0-88920-511-6 |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=ODt1FIL2lrwC&lpg=PR8&dq=Speaking%20in%20The%20Past%20Tense%3A%20Canadian%20Novelists%20on%20Writing%20Historical%20Fiction&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true}} - Total pages: 327 
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/cef/001042-119.02-e.php?image_url=http://data2.archives.ca/cef/gpc013/571983a.gif&id_nbr=572634 Francis Pegahmagabow's attestation paper]

{{WWISniper|state=collapsed}}

{{Good article}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Pegahmagabow, Francis
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Peggy
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = World War I sniper
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 9, 1891
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Wasauksing First Nation|Parry Island (Wasauksing) Band]] near [[Parry Sound, Ontario|Parry Sound]], [[Ontario]]
| DATE OF DEATH = August 5, 1952
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Wasauksing First Nation|Parry Island (Wasauksing) Band]] near [[Parry Sound, Ontario|Parry Sound]], [[Ontario]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pegahmagabow, Francis}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian Aboriginal military personnel]]
[[Category:Canadian Expeditionary Force soldiers]]
[[Category:Ojibwe people]]
[[Category:Political office-holders of Aboriginal governments in Canada]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Medal and two Bars]]