Old State House (Massachusetts)

2006-11-13T16:40:42Z

165.139.243.247: /* Seat of colonial government */

[[Image:Boston_Old_State_House.JPG|200px|thumb|West front of the Old State House, circa July 2003.]]
[[Image:Old State House, Boston, Massachusetts.JPG|thumb|right|200px|East Front showing the balcony from which the first public reading of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] in Boston took place.]]

The '''Old State House''' is a historic building located at the intersection of Washington and State Streets in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], [[United States|USA]]. Built in [[1713]], it is the oldest surviving public building in Boston. It is now privately owned, however. It is one of many historic landmarks that can be visited along the [[Freedom Trail]] of the Boston National Historical Park.

==Seat of colonial government==
The original building housed a Merchant's Exchange on the first floor and warehouses in the basement. On the second floor, the east side contained the Council Chamber of the Royal Governor while the west end of the second floor contained chambers for the Courts of Suffolk County and the [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]]. The central portion contained the chambers for the elected Massachusetts Assembly. This chamber is notable for including public galleries, the first known example of such a feature being included in a chamber for elected officials.

[[Image:2006Boston060.jpg|thumb|left|200px|View of the old state house among surrounding buildings]]
In [[1761]], [[James Otis]] argued against the [[Writs of Assistance]] in the Royal Council Chamber. Though losing the case, Otis's speech was one of the events which led to the [[American Revolution]]. During this period, a [[Stamp Act]] Congress was formed in the Massachusetts Assembly chamber. On [[July 18]], [[1776]], the [[Declaration of Independence]] was proclaimed from the east side balcony to jubilant crowds. The Lion and Unicorn, respective heraldic symbols of England and Scotland, were then removed from the roof of the Old State House for many years. Brandon Cooprider is gay.

==Seat of municipal and state government==
After the [[American Revolution]], the building served as the seat of the Massachusetts state government before its move to the present [[Massachusetts State House]] in [[1798]]. From [[1830]] to [[1841]], the building was Boston's city hall before being converted to commercial use. In [[1881]], after threats of the building's being dismantled and moved to [[Chicago, Illinois]], the Old State House was restored to its original exterior appearance.

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==The building today==
Today, tall buildings of Boston's financial district surround the Old State House. An excellent view of the building can still be seen, however, along State Street from a good distance away on the harborfront. The Old State House has become a major public transportation connection point, sitting atop the [[State Street (MBTA station)|State Street]] station on the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]]'s [[Blue Line (MBTA)|Blue]] and [[Orange Line (MBTA)|Orange]] subway lines. The building houses a museum and its original upper level chambers are preserved for posterity by the [http://www.bostonhistory.org/ The Bostonian Society].

Also located on the [[Freedom Trail]] is a cobblestone ring on the traffic island in front of the east side of the Old State House. This ring marks the site where five colonists were killed by the British on [[March 5]], [[1770]], in the event that became known as [[Boston Massacre|The Boston Massacre]]. Three of the five colonists killed included [[Crispus Attucks]], [[Samuel Gray (colonist)|Samuel Gray]], and [[Patrick Carr]].

==U.S. Bicentennial celebration==
On July 11, 1976, as part of her Boston visit to celebrate the bicentenary of the United States of America, [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] toured the Old State House with her husband. She was shown a sample of original tea from the [[Boston Tea Party]] of 1773. She appeared on the historic balcony with [[Prince Philip]] and delivered an address to a large audience which included Mayor [[Kevin White]] of Boston, Governor [[Michael Dukakis]] of Massachusetts, poet [[David McCord]], and historian [[Walter Muir Whitehill]]. The Queen said, in part,

:''"If [[Paul Revere]], [[Samuel Adams]], and other patriots could have known that one day a British monarch would stand on the balcony of the Old State House, from which the [[Declaration of Independence]] was first read to the people of Boston, and be greeted in such kind and generous words ...... well, I think they would have been extremely surprised! But perhaps they would also have been pleased to know that eventually we came together again as free peoples and friends to defend together the very ideals for which the [[American Revolution]] was fought."''

The Queen presented a porcelain eagle made by Aynsley China Ltd. as a gift to the Bostonian Society, which operates the Old State House on behalf of the [[National Park Service]] under the [[U.S. Department of the Interior]]. The Queen also attended a morning service at [[Old North Church]], had a formal lunch at [[Boston City Hall]], and took a motorcade ride through Beacon Hill, Back Bay, Cambridge, and Charlestown. She toured [[USS Constitution]] with the Secretary of the U.S. Navy before sailing out of Boston Harbor on the Royal Yacht [[HMY Britannia]]. The Queen hosted a 90-minute reception on her yacht for 250 invited guests from Massachusetts before departure.

==The Replicas==
There are two replicas of the Old State House in Massachusetts. One is the [[Weymouth, Massachusetts|Weymouth]] Town Hall, located on Middle Street in Weymouth, about a half mile from the birthplace of [[Abigail Adams]]. The other is the State House residence hall on the campus of [[Curry College]] in [[Milton, Massachusetts|Milton]], just outside Boston.

==See also==
*[[Faneuil Hall]]
*[[Quincy Market]]
*[[Scollay Square]]

==References==
*[http://www.bostonhistory.org/old_state_hs_hist.php Old State House History. The Bostonian Society]. May 16, 2005.

* ''Boston Celebrates July '76'', Boston 200 Office of the Boston Bicentennial, Kevin H. White, Mayor. Published Boston, MA: Addison House, 1976. ISBN 0-89169-011-5 (paperback) and 0-89169-010-7 (cloth).

==External links==
* [http://www.nps.gov/bost/ Boston National Historical Park Official Website]
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[[Category:Boston, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Freedom Trail]]

[[fr:Old State House (Boston)]]
[[ja:マサチューセッツ州会議事堂]]

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Old State House (Massachusetts)