Koyapunem

2013-08-15T12:57:55Z

14.139.244.247: Gond of Uttar Pradesh

{{About|people of central India||Gond (disambiguation){{!}}Gond}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2011}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Gondi
|image = [[File:Women in tribal village, Umaria district, India.jpg|250px]]
|
|region1 = India
|pop1 =
|ref1 =
= {{spaces|11}}''[[Madhya Pradesh]]''
|pop2 =
|ref2 =
|region3 = {{spaces|11}}''[[Maharashtra]]''
|pop3 =
|ref3 =
|region4 = {{spaces|11}}''[[Chhattisgarh]]''
|pop4 =
|ref4 =
|region5 = {{spaces|11}}''[[Andhra Pradesh]]''
|pop5 =
|ref5 =
|region6 = {{spaces|11}}''[[Odisha]]''
|pop6 =
|ref6 =
|languages = [[Gondi language]], [[Hindi]], Parsi
|religions = [[Hinduism]]<ref>Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC), 2011</ref>
|related = [[Dravidian people]]{{·}} [[Khonds]]{{·}}
}}

The '''Gondi''' (Gōndi) or '''Gond''' people are people in central India, spread over the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], eastern [[Maharashtra]] ([[Vidarbha]]), [[Chhattisgarh]], northern [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Western Odisha]] (majhi or gan community). With over four million people, they are the largest [[Adivasi|tribe]] in Central India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurpulse.com/gondi-people |title= Gondi people|author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=}}</ref>

Gond or Rajgond are same tribes. The term Raj Gond was widely used in 1950s, but has now become almost obsolete, probably because of the political eclipse of
the Gond Rajas.<ref>Indian Tribes -R.C.Verma ISBN 81-230-0328-5</ref>

The [[Gondi language]] is related to [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and other [[Dravidian languages]]. About half of Gonds speak Gondi languages,<ref>Beine, David K. 1994. A sociolinguistic survey of the Gondi-speaking communities of central India. M.A. thesis. San Diego State University. chpt. 1</ref> while the rest speak [[Indo-Aryan languages]] including [[Hindi]].

==History==
For many years during the British colonial period of India the Gonds were considered{{by whom|date=August 2012}} to have performed human sacrifices, although this notion was later discredited.<ref>*{{cite book |title=The Concept of Race in South Asia |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Delhi |year=1995 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Robb |first=Crispin |last=Bates |chapter=Race, Caste and Tribe in Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry |isbn=978-0-19-563767-0 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PwNkQgAACAAJ |page=233 |accessdate=2011-12-02}}</ref>

==History of Gondwana and Rani Durgawati==
Gondwana was conquered in 1564 by [[Akbar]]. This State included the regions of [[Sagar]], [[Damoh]], [[Mandla]], [[Seoni]], [[Narmada Valley]] and possibly a portion of [[Bhopal]]. The state had 53 forts. '''Dalpat Shah''' was its ruler. When he died he left behind his widow [[Rani Durgawati|Durgawati]] and their infant son Bir Naryan. Durgawati became the Regent. [[Abul Fazal]] says that Durgawati ruled her kingdom with wisdom and ability. She delighted in hunting and bringing down wild animals with her own gun.[[Asaf Khan]], the Governor of [[Kara, Uttar Pradesh|Kara]] or [[Allahabad]], was tempted by the wealth of [[Gondwana, India|Gondwana]]. Occasionally he ravaged the borders of the kingdom. Rani Durgwati started negotiations with Akbar for a peaceful settlement and when those negotiation failed, she retaliated by making forays against [[Bhilsa]]. [[Asaf Khan]] marched toward Gondwana. Durgawati defended her territory bravely, but she was out numbered and defeated in a battle between '''garh and Mandal''' in the modern [[Jabalpur District]].Rani Durgawati was wounded and she plunged a dagger into her chest and ended her life to save herself from disgrace. Her kingdom was devastated and a lot of the wealth fell into the hands of the [[Mughals]]. Bir Narayn died fighting in the defence of his country. According to V.A.Smith,"[[Akbar]]'s attack on a princess of a character so noble was mere aggression, wholly unprovoked and devoid of all justifications other than the lust for conquest and plunder."<ref>History of Medieval India-V.D.Mahajan ISBN-81-219-0364-5</ref>

==Status==
The Gonds have [[scheduled tribe]] status in most of the [[States of India|Indian states]]<ref>Indian Tribe - Publications Division</ref> and are the second largest tribe in the country and are believed to be of Dravidian stock.

According to the 1971 census, their population was 51.54 lakhs (5,154,000). By the 1991 census this had increased to 93.19 lakhs (9,319,000)<ref>Indian Tribes ISBN-81-230-0328-5</ref>

=== Gonds of Uttar Pradesh ===
The Gond are also found in major population in [[Uttar Pradesh]] (UP). Like in other parts of India, the UP Gond have [[Scheduled caste]] as opposed to [[Scheduled tribe]] status, in 13 district of U.P. Gonds are Scheduled tribe and remaining district those are treated as Scheduled caste. They no longer speak Gondi, but now speak [[Hindi]]. The UP Gond are divided into seven sub-groups, the Dev Gond, Dholi, Kolan, Kailabhut, Mudipal, Padal and Raj Gond. Traditionally, the Raj Gond (also found in Maharshtra state<ref>Indian Tribes -R.C.verma</ref>) have had a higher status, and were rulers of a number of states in the region. Each of these clans is [[exogamous]]. The Gonda of UP are a landowning community, and most of them practise settled cultivation. Historically, the community practiced [[slash and burn agriculture]], these practices have long been discontinued.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Two edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 546 to 551 Manohar Publications</ref>
In U.P. Gond has five sub caste namely Dhuriya, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari and Rajgond but the population of Dhuriya Gond in U.P. is greater than other four sub castes of Gond tribe. Dhuriya (Sub caste/synonym caste of Gond) of Uttar Pradesh is also known as Dhurwa, Dhurvey, Dhruw in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand etc.

===Gotul===
Traditionally the Gondi people had a social institution (school) known as ''Gotul'', a kind of mixed dormitory system for the unmarried youth which was the main means of education and introduction to adult life.<ref>[http://www.preservearticles.com/essay-on-the-characteristics-of-dormitosries-in-indian-tribes.html Essay on the characteristics of Dormitories in Indian Tribes]</ref>

==='''Social ''Sagaas and Gotra''(''Paareeng'') or Surnames In Gonds'''===
In Indian States of Madhyapradesh,Maharastra,Odisha,Chhattisgarha and in Uttarpradesh People of Gond Tribe who says Koyitur or koytor to themselves uses 750 ''Pareengs or Gotra ''(Surnames) with their names.In North Andhrapradesh Region of India These People also use these Surnames.They say ''Pareeng ''to Surnames which means family name.''Paree ''is a Gondi Word of Gondi Language spoken in these states of India and its plural in Gondi is Pareeng.These 750 gotra are classified into 12 ''Saga''(group)'' ''and Each ''sagaa''(group) is called ''Pen .Pen ''is a gondi word that means a dead person of any family existing after death in invisible form and who has been accepted as an family member after an specific ritual ''Penkam/Penkaran ''done after death of that person. There are 100 surnames in each ''sagaa(group)'' or pen from ''sagaa'' one to seven thus total 700 surnames and 10 surname in each ''sagaa'' from ''sagaa'' eight to twelve thus total 50 surnames and grand total giving number 750 surnames.This classification with surnames is below in detail.

'''1.'''Name of ''Sagaa''(group) First is''' ''Undipen o''r ''Undam''''' it has 100 surnames namely:(1) Angaam (2) Akkaam (3) Andraam(4) Araavi (5) Arwaal (6) Alaandi (7) Algaam (8) Arraati (9) Arrsedhi (10) Arraam (11) Arraaraa (12) Ayamaa (13) Ingaam (14)Idaam (15) Ijaam (16) Irpungaam (17) Imaachi (18) a (19) Ukraam (20) Uryaam (21) Urvaati (22) Urpitaam (23) Aeraam (24) Aendaam (25) Aerkaal (26) Aekraam (27) Aennaakaa (28) Aoyaam (29) Aorwaa (30) Aoraati (31) Aorsaam (32) Kangaam (33) Kakraam (34) Kurnaakaa (35) Kanwaati (36) Kangaam (37) Gundaam (38) Gondraam (39) Geevangaa (40) Chattaam (41) Chitkaami (42) Charwaataa (43) Chumgodaa (44) Juggaam (45) Jhillaam (46) Tangaam (47) Tirkaataa (48) Toyakaa (49) Tejaam (50) Taraawee (51) Tarkolaa (52) Tadopaa (53) Taaekaa (54) Nayatee (55) Nagsoree (56) Naliyaam (57) Pandaam (58) Paekaa (59) Pilkaataa (60) Murpaatee (61) Murraam (62) Dedhaam (63) Darraam (64) Dirmaakaa (65) Digraam (66) Yevnaataa (67) Yerkaal (68) Yerkaanaa (69) Yelaandhee (70) Yereeyaam (71) Yedhgaam (72) Yermaal (73) Shaygudha (74) Rehkaam (75) Relaapaatee (76) Lawaatee (77) Lagaam (78) Lachiyaam (79) Lingotaa (80) Wanjaam (81) Wardaam (82) Wareeyaam (83) Wadhkaal (84) Wadhaam (85) Vijaam (86) Wihakaa (87) Chettaam (88) Werkaal (89) Welaandhi (90) Wedaraam (91) Waraatee (92) Walaamee (93) Sangaam (94) Saraam (95) Sarpaati (96) Soratee (97) Surmakee (98) Survelaam (99) Sogaami (100) Suika.The name of '''''Pen'''''<nowiki/>''' (deity''') for this ''Sagaa''(group) is '''''Taaraal Gongo'''''<nowiki/>''' '''and''' '''Flag Colour is '''Indigo/Blue.'''

'''2.'''Name of ''Sagaa''(group) Second is '' '''Randpen '''''<nowiki/>'''or ''Chindam ''(Two Deities) '''it''' '''has 100 surnames namely:(1) Angraam (2) Akraam (3) Aadraam (4) Ingaamee (5) Idaam (6) Ichaam (7) Idopaa (8) Ungaam (9) Ulaam (10) Uchaam (11) Aetaam (12) Aehachadha (13) Aotaam (14) Aonaaka (15) kadaam (16) Kakaam (17) Chendaam (18) Kalaam (19) Kachham (20) Karaam (21) Kahaaka (22) kavtaam (23) Kikraam (24) Kulnaaka (25) Kurpaatee (26) Kuraam (27) Kehaaka (28) Komtaari (29) Kohpaadha (30) Kolayaa (31) Gadaam (32) Gadurkaaya (33) Goyaka (34) Tarpatee (35) Changaam (36) Chindaam (37) Chilaam (38) Chikalee (39) Chudhaam (40) Chandram (41) Churaati (42) Chutaami (43) Chukraam (44) Chelkaata (45) Cherwaata (46) Chodhaam (47) Chohaka (48) Jannaam (49) Jheelaam (50) Takraam (51) Nattaam (52) Takaam (53) Teerraam (54) Tinglaam (55) Tukaam (56) Todhmaati (57) Dhuchaam (58) Dhuriyaam (59) Dhueka (60) Dhukraam (61) Dholaam (62) Tiraawee (63) Turwandha (64) Toraatee (65) Tolaam (66) Tedgaam (67) Torgaam (68)Bhadiya (69) Toyaam (70) Tohagaam (71) Dalandee (72) Daraawee (73) Durlaam (74) Duraam (75) Duriyaam (76) Dasedhaam (77) Doraam (78) Domokasaa (79) Nagotaam (80) Narkaam (81) Padhgaam (82) Pattaam (83) Panchaam (84) Aegaam (85) Pandham(86) Pidhgaam (87) Pichaam (88) Piraavee (89) Piraatee (90) Pirsaam (91) Pungaam (92) Duikaa (93) Pennaakaa (94) Bornaakaa (95) Milaam (96) Rayataam (97) Ronwaree (98) Langaam (99) Laaysengaa (100) Korwaam.The Names of two ''Penk''(deities) for this '''''Sagaa'''''(group) are (1) '''''Taaraal Gongo''''' (2) '''''Maaraal Gongo'''''<nowiki/>''' '''and Flag colour is '''vermilion/''Shendri .'''''

'''3.'''Name of Sagaa(group) Third is '''''Mundpen or Kondaam '''''<nowiki/>'''(Three Dieties) '''it''' '''has 100 surnames namely:(1) Ataam (2) Alnaakaa (3)Aoyaam (4) Aoymaa (5) Irkaam (6) Itaam (7) Irkaayaa (8) Israam (9) Ilaam (10) Ilnaakaa (11) Udhaam (12) Utaam (13) Urpaatee (14) Ustaam (15) Aesaraa (16) Chandaam (17) Chelaam (18) Aotaam (19) Aoraavee (20) Kathraam (21) Kakraam (22) Kadhopaa(23) Kasendhi (24) Keengaraam (25) Kilaap (26) Kundaam (27) Kundraam (28) Kondom (29) Koyakaataa (30) Gusaraam (31) Gechaam (32) Goyaam (33) Tisaam (34) Tuhaakaa (35) Chalakaa (36) Chalaandhee (37) Chiroyaa (38) Chirchaamee (39) Chistaam (40) Chidhopaa (41) Chitaam (42) Chirmotaa (43) Jutaraam (44) Toryaam (45) Dhangaraam (46) Dhurwaal (47) Dheraam(48) Tallaam (49) Taekaa (50) Nutaame (51) Pundham (52) Tiryaam (53) Turaam (54) Totalaa (55) Toryaamee (56) Dinanaakee (57) Davaam (58) Narkaam (59) Natraam (60) Naromee (61) Navraatee (62) Nalakaam (63) Naayakaa (64) Nirpaatee (65) Nirlaa(66) Nunjaam (67) Rengaam (68) Balpaatee (69) Nelkaam (70) Paraamee (71) Purchaam (72) Puseeyaam (73) Pendaawee (74)Pondhaam (75) Puyaam (76) Pudhakaa (77) Peraam (78) Pesaam (79) Pongaamee (80) Penaam(81) Mandaam (82) Minkaataa (83) Yesaraam (84) Arakaam (85) Yerakaataa (86) Losakaa (87) Werlaantee (88) Selaam (89) Pedhamaa (90) Sirsaataa (91) Soraandhee (92) Hurmetaa (93) Waraatee (94) Wikraa (95) Silaam (96) Seerwaataa (97) Serpaatee (98) Sudhaam (99) Aelgaam (100) Aosraam.The names of the three ''Penk''(Deities) of '''''Mundpen Sagaa''' ''are (1) '''''Jugaal Gongo'''''<nowiki/>''' '''(2) '''''Mulaal Gongo''''' (3) '''''Sukaal''''' '''''Gongo''''' and Flag color is '''Indigo.'''

'''4.'''Name of ''Sagaa''(group) Forth is '''''Nalungpen or Nalwen'''''<nowiki/>'''.'''''''<nowiki/> This group ''<nowiki/>''''' '''has 100 surnames namely:(1) Adhaam (2) Anchaam (3) Atlaam (4) Adhgaam (5) Adhopaa (6) Abaabaa (7) Itaawee (8) Endraam (9) Edhagaam (10) Erkaal (11) Elaandhee (12) Elgaam (13) Erukaam (14) Undhraam (15) Uraam (16) Usaraam (17) Karkaamee (18) Ursaam (19) Aedhaam (20) Aegaadaa (21) Aechaam (22)Aeraawee (23) Aerwaatee (24) Aermentaa (25) Aongaam (26) Aorchaam (27) Karwaatee (28) Karaam (29) kandaam (30) Kajaam(31)Katraam (32) Kandraam (33) Karaai (34) Ketaa (35) Kawaam (36) Kalaatee (37) Kijaam (38) Keendraam (39) Keenwaatee (40) Kidhgaam (41) Keerkaataa (42) Kuyamaa (43) Kuchaam (44) Kurkaamee (45) Kuyaam (46) Kuyakaa (47) Kudhyaam (48) Kacheemuraa (49) Kurraatee (50) Kedhaam (51) Tekkaa (52) Kocharaamee (53) Korakaatee (54) Kowaa (55) Kowaachee (56) Kowaase (57) Gataam (58) Getaam (59) Chadhaam (60) Charaatee (61) Chinagaam (62) Chulamaatee (63) Charawaataa (64) chilaam (65) Torpaakee (66) Toppaam (67) Tekaam (68) Murakaa (69) Tohakaatee (70) Tirakaam (71) Tuchchaam (72) Tummaam (73) Netaam (74) Parachaakee (75) Mangaam (76) Sarmaakee (77) Sedamaake (78) Surapaadhaa (79) Talaanjaa (80) Talaandhee (81) Hidhaam (82) Hilaam (83) Pursaam (84) Murkaakee (85) Marapaachee (86) Seeraam (87) Sarakaatee (88) Poyaam (89) Taaraatee (90) Sundaraam (91) Cheekaraam (92) Waalkaam (93) Chilaam (94) Seetaam (95) Jaalakaataa (96) Kusaraam (97) Neyaatee (98) Natopaa (99) Pastaakee (100) Ulaandee.The names of the four Penk(Deities) of '''Nalungpen or Nalwen Sagaa''' are (1) '''Maal'''''<nowiki/>''' '''Gongo''''' (2) '''Laal Gongo''''' (3) '''Kaal Gongo'''''<nowiki/> (4) '''Paal Gongo'''''<nowiki/> and Flag Color is '''Red'''.

'''5.'''Name of ''sagaa''(group) Fifth is'' '''Sayyungpen or Saiwen.'''''This group has 100 surnames namely:(1) Adhame (2) Aadhe (3) Astaam (4) Alaam (5) Aramaatee (6) Attaamee (7) Akkaamee (8) Artaam (9) Arpaatee (10) Arkaam (11) Akkaal (12) Estaam (13) Koropaa (14) Kangalaa (15) karlaam (16) Kathotaam (17) Gochaa (18) Keetaam (19) Keesram (20) Kelaandhee (21) Kogaa (22) Kodhaam (23) Kotaam (24) Kotaamee (25) Korkaam (26) Kokadhaa (27) Padhaamee (28) gachaam (29) gataraam (30) Gatalaamee (31) Gunjaam (32) Golaam (33) Godaam (34) Paawalaa (35) Gaarangaa (36) Kannakaa (37) Chigaam (38) Chitaraam (39) Chidhgaam (40) Chitalaam (41) Chinhaakaa (42) Chirwaal (43) Chilamentaa (44) Chitalokaa (45) Churthaam (46) Chopaam (47) Cholaam (48) Chohakaam (49) Purkaatee (50) Pulkaam (51) Mingaam (52) Purkaa (53) Pugaam (54) Ballaamee (55) Baggaam (56) Barapaatee (57) Bikaraam (58) Budaam (59) Bosaam (60) Borsaam (61) Bhojaam (62) Buraam (63) Mangalaam (64) Machaam (65) Maraape (66) Malnaakaa (67) Matalaamee (68) Kauwadho (69) Mitraam (70) Mitalaam (71) Minagaam (72) Mungaam (73) Muchaamee (74) Mindaam (75) Muyaamee (76) Muramentaa (77) Murapungaa (78) Muraapaa (79) Murapaataa (80) Susaamee (81) Surkaataa (82) Durwaa (83) Duraandhee (84) Dhurre (85) Pendhraam (86) Pochaam (87) Poyakaa (88) Pokaam (89) Potaamee (90) Paraste (91) Purre (92) Nayatee (93) sedhopaa (94) Soraam (95) Sitraam (96) Sargaatee (97) Naleeyaam (98) Bhojaam (99) Nelaanjee (100) Keengaraam.The names of five (''penk'')deities of '''''Sayyungpen sagaa''' ''are:(1) '''''Aha rahudh''''' (2)'' '''Mahaa rahudh''''' (3) '''''Rekha rahudh''''' (4) '''''Meka''''' '''''rahudh''''' (5) '''''Doyandaa rahudh''''' and the Flag is of ''' Parrot color'''.

'''6.'''Name of ''Sagaa''(group) Sixth is '''''Sarungpen or Saarwen.'''''This group has 100 surnames namely:(1) Adhiyaam (2) asaraam (3) Aataraam (4) Ahaakaa (5) Aoyamaa (6) Adhamo (7) aramo (8) akom (9) Aolaandhi (10) Aottee (11) Uekaa (12) Usendhee (13) Uretee (14) Urre (15) Udham (16) Aelaam (17) Tidhgaam (18) Kadheeyaam (19) kaatalaam (20) keeraam (21) Kudhopaa (22) Purayaam (23) Kusaraam (24) Kulamentaa (25) Kumaraa (26) keraam (27) Korachaa (28) Kotanaakaa (29) Kodhopaa (30) Koraam (31) Kohachaadha (32) Gaawadhe (33) Gadhaam (34) Naamurtaa (35) Cheechaam (36) Cheerako (37) Chidham (38) Chilakaam (39) Chulakaamee (40) Chhadayyaa (41) Jalapatee (42) Tekaam (43) harkolaa (44) Dhegamaatee (45) Tumaraam (46) Tore (47) Sorsaam (48) Todhaam (49) Todhase (50) Tidhaam (51) Wartee (52) Tiraawee (53) Tilaam (54) Tilagaam (55) Timaachee (56) Tusaam (57) Turraam (58) Tulaam (59) Tulaawee (60) Tirapaatee (61) Nayataam (62) Nagasoree (63) Netaam (64) Partetee (65) Puraam (66) Jagat (67) Welaatee (68) Husendhee (69) Pendaam (70) Porataa (71) Poretee (72) Paawalaa (73) Poyaa (74) Barakutaa (75) bagaam (76) bogaamee (77) Marakaam (78) Maraapaa (79) Malagaam (80) Yelaadee (81) Raayamentaa (82) Raayaseeraam (83) Lekaamee (84) Welaadee (85) Bodabaayanaa (86) wedhakaal (87) Warakadha (88) wedhamaa (89) Sallaam (90) Seengaraam (91) Seedhaam (92) saroteeyaa (93) Seendaraam (94) Sirasaam (95) Soree (96) seeraso (97) Hichaamee (98) Hidhaam (99) Karpekotaa (100) Pusaam.The names of six deities or '''''Sarungpen''' ''of this group are: (1) '''''Ahe aodaal '''''<nowiki/>''(2) '''mahe aodaal '''''(3)''''' Apaai aodaal '''''(4) '''''Tipaae aodaal '''''(5)''''' Mande aodaal '''''(6)'' '''Koindo aodaal '''''and flag color is''' Green.'''

'''7.'''Name of ''Sagaa''(group) Seventh is '''''Yerungpen'''''<nowiki/>'' ''or'' '''Yerwen.''''' This group has 100 surnames namely:(1) Adhamaachee (2) Adhame (3) Aaramor (4) Ajurmujaa (5) Erpaatee (6) Enwaatee (7) Kangaalee (8) Kangaalaa (9) Kannaakaa (10) Kawaratee (11) Kateengaa (12) Karwetaam (13) Keerangaa (14) Kunjaam (15) Kodhwaatee (16) Kokodheeyaa (17)Dhondheraa (18) Koretee (19) koyataamee (20) kursengaa (21) Kohamundhaa (22) Khandhaataa (23) Gotaa (24) Gotaamee (25) Golaang (26) Gorhanghaa (27) Garhee (28) Junnaakaa (29) Jeekaraam (30) Jarhpaatee (31) Jeengaam (32) Jumanaatee (33) Jodhaam (34)Borgaam (35)Urpaatee (36) Talaandee (37) Taadhaam (38) Tulaawaa (39) Sitaraam (40) Tilanaakaa (41) Tuggaam (42) Tureeyaam (43) Targaam (44) Taaraam (45) Narotee (46) Netee (47) Nattaamee (48) Paddaam (49) Pataawee (50) Sarwetaa (51) Waadeewaa (52) Bajumootaa (53) Maraawee (54) Maraae (55) Mangaraam (56) Marsakolaa (57) Marpaatee (58) Masaraam (59) Wettee (60) Weramaa (61) Sayyaam (62) Saraatee (63) Sayaam (64) Sarutaa (65) Sarteeyaa (66) Chhottaa (67) Purkaam (68) Pareeyaam (69) Karape (70) Karapaatee (71) Dareeyaam (72) Dhurwaa (73) Pendro (74) Pandharaam (75) Pataawee (76) Puraatee (77) Pungaam (78) Bhoojaam (79) Bhalaawee (80) Kaasheeyaam (81) karpekotaa (82) Karekotaa (83) Borsaam (84) Keengaraam (85) Sahakaa (86) Sareeyaam (87) Tirayaam (88) Nanjaam (89) Porkaam (90) Murkaasee (91) Burdaam (92) Kokaataa (93) Mandhaamee (94) Yerapaatee (95) Tureeyaa (96) Darro (97) Muraakee (98) Seedovoyaanaa (99) wottee (100) Weragaa. The names of Seven deities of this group are :(1) '''''Dhanabah''''' (2)''''' Dhanthai'''''<nowiki/>''' '''(3)'' '''Pidchejungaa'''''<nowiki/>''' '''(4)'' '''Raimuddho'''''<nowiki/>''' '''(5) '''''chikatraaj'''''<nowiki/>''' '''(6) '''''Bhandhesaaraa''''' (7) '''''Bhuindaagotaa'''''<nowiki/>'' '' and the flag color for this '' '''Yerwen sagaa '''''is '''yellow.'''

'''8.''' Name of ''Sagaa''(group) Eighth is '''''Arwen'''''<nowiki/>''' or ''Armulpen''''' and deity(''pen'') of this group is '''''Bhumakaa NarayanSur Gongo '''''and no flag color is allotted to this small group of surnames having number ten Namely:(1) Angaam (2) kangalaa (3) Undaam (4) Kasendhee (5) Dugaam (6) Ukaam (7) Toraatee (8) Elaam (9) Dhurwaal (10) Daraawee.Families having these surnames of '''''arwen sagaa'''''(group) are the authorized '''''Bhumka (pujaari) or '''''<nowiki/>'''Ritual Heads of '''''sagaa''(groups):first,second and third namely: '''''Undipen,Randpen'''''<nowiki/>''' and ''Mundpen'' '''group surnames having families.These three ''sagaa''(groups) are specified to goddess(''pen'') '''Jango''' '''Raayataar '''of '''Gondi religion.'''

'''9.'''Name''' '''of ''sagaa''(group) Ninth is '''''Narwen/urmapen '''''and deity(''pen'') of this group is '''''Kolaasur''''' and this group surname having people are the authorized '''''Bhumka(pujaari)''''' or Ritual Heads of families whose surnames are of sagaa (group) forth i.e.'''''Nalungpen'''''<nowiki/>''' '''or '''''Nalwen''''' ''sagaa.Ten'' surnames of ''Narwen sagaa ''are:(1) Adhaam (2) Taraatee (3) Surpaandaa (4) Natopaa (5) Charaatee (6) Elaandhi (7) Kuchaam (8) Kowaa (9) Paraso (10) Dhegaamee.

'''10.'''Name of ''sagaa''(group) Tenth is '''''Padwen/Padpen'' '''and deity(''pen'') of this group is '''''Heerajotee''.''' This group has been given the task to accomplish the Ritual activities'''(Bhumakaai)''' of families of surnames of ''sagaa''(group) fifth i.e.the '''''Sayyungpen or Sewen sagaa. '''''Ten''''' '''''Surnames of this group are:(1) Tummaa (2) Mandharee (3) Budaam (4) Durwaa (5) Karataa (6) Girangaa (7) Purakaa (8) Muraapaa (9) Pundhraam (10) Keerngaam.

'''11.'''Name of ''sagaa''(group) Eleventh is'' '''Padundiwen/Padundipen '''''and deity(''pen'') is '''''maankosugaal and '''''<nowiki/>''this ''group is the nominated Headpriest('''Bhumaka''') of ''sagaa''(group) six i.e.'''''Sarungpen''''' or '''''saarwen sagaa '''''<nowiki/>''.''Ten'' ''surnames of this group are:(1) Kalangaa (2) Gotaa (3) Weramaa (4) Dhurawaa (5) Pataawee (6) katingaa (7) Netee (8) Muraawee (9) Khandhaataa (10) Pandhraam.

'''12'''. Name of ''sagaa''(group) Twelfth is '''Padrandhpen/Parandhwen,'''its deity is '''''Turaporaay '''''and this group is the priest('''''Bhumaka/Pujaari''''') of ''sagaa''(group) seven i.e.'''''Yerungpen/yerwen sagaa. '''''Ten surname of this group are:(1) Uikaa (2) Welaadee (3) Korachaa

(4) soree (5) Dandhaajaa (6) Toraa (7) Kangaam (8) Sallaam (9) Marakaam (10) Netaam.
<ref>Acharya Motiram Chhabiram Kangalee(Philosopher and Historian of Gondi culture and Religion) in his Book 'Pari kupar Lingo Gondi Punemi Darshan'pages-148,149,154-159,Forth edition-2011,Published by Chandralekha Kangalee 48,Ujjvalaa Society Jaytalaa Road Nagpur-440022 Maharashtra India </ref>

==See also==
* [[Godha]]
* [[Gondwana (India maharsashtra)]]
* [[Gondwana]], originally Gondwanaland, in [[paleogeography]]
* [[Ajanbahu Jatbasha]]
* [[Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf]]

==Further reading==
* Beine, David m. 1994. A sociolinguistic survey of the Gondi-speaking communities of central India. M.A. thesis. San Diego State University. 516 p.
* Banerjee, B. G., and Kiran Bhatia. ''Tribal Demography of Gonds''. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1988. ISBN 81-212-0237-X
* Elwin, Verrier. ''Phulmat of the Hills; A Tale of the Gonds''. London: J. Murray, 1937.
* Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von, and Elizabeth von Fürer-Haimendorf. ''The Gonds of Andhra Pradesh: Tradition and Change in an Indian Tribe''. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979. ISBN 0-04-301090-3
* Kaufmann, Walter. ''Songs and Drummings of the Hill Maria, Jhoria Muria and Bastar Muria Gonds. And, the Musical Instruments of the Marias and Murias''. 1950.
* Mehta, B. H. ''Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands: A Study of the Dynamics of Gond Society''. New Delhi: Concept, 1984.
* Museum of Mankind, Shelagh Weir, and Hira Lal. ''The Gonds of Central India; The Material Culture of the Gonds of Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh''. London: British Museum, 1973. ISBN 0-7141-1537-1
* Pagdi, Setumadhava Rao. ''Among the Gonds of Adilabad''. Bombay: Popular Book Depot, 1952.
* Perry, William James, ''The Children of the Sun: a study in the early history of civilization'', London: Methuen, 1927.
* Pingle, Urmila, and Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf. ''Gonds and Their Neighbours: A Study in Genetic Diversity''. Lucknow, India: Ethnographic & Folk Culture Society, 1987.
* Russell, R. V., ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22010/22010-h/22010-h.htm The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India]'', London, 1916.
* Sharma, Anima. ''Tribe in Transition: A Study of Thakur Gonds''. India: Mittal Publications, 2005. ISBN 81-7099-989-8
* Singh, Indrajit. ''The Gondwana and the Gonds''. Lucknow, India: The Universal publishers, 1944.
* Kangalee,Motiram Chhabiram,Paree Kupar Lingo Gondi Punemi Darshan (In Hindi)'',''Publisher ujjvala society Nagpur,2011
* Vatti,jalpati,''Mava sagaa padeeng, in'' ''Gondwana sagaa Patrika'' published (In Hindi) in October 1986

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Gondi people}}
* {{citation | url = http://www.artribal.com/ | title = Gond Tribal Art — Madhya Pradesh}}.
* {{citation | url = http://www.sinlung.com/ | title = Sinlung — Indian tribes}}.
* {{citation | url = http://www.gondindia.org/ | title = Gond - The History }}.

''This article includes material from the 1995 [[public domain]] [[Library of Congress Country Studies|Library of Congress Country Study]] on India.''

{{Scheduled tribes of India}}
{{Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Tribes of Jharkhand}}
{{Scheduled tribes in Odisha}}
{{Scheduled Tribes in Maharashtra}}
{{Western Odisha}}
{{Nagpur}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gondi People}}
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Telugu society]]
[[Category:Dravidian peoples]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups in Odisha]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Hindu communities]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Chhattisgarh]]

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