Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Benutzer:123hanDlüb789/Congenital hearing loss

2010-01-11T13:51:45Z

136.181.195.8: /* References */

{{orphan|date=December 2009}}

'''Congenital hearing loss''' implies that the hearing loss is present at [[birth]]. It can include hereditary hearing loss or hearing loss due to other factors present either in utero (prenatal) or at the time of birth.

== Genetic factors ==

Genetic factors are thought to cause more than 50% of all incidents of congenital hearing loss in children. Genetic hearing loss may be [[autosomal dominant]], [[autosomal recessive]], or [[X-linked]] (related to the sex [[chromosome]]).Genetic factors are believed to cause about 50 percent of cases of congenital hearing loss.
== Hearing loss ==
=== Autosomal dominant hearing loss ===

In autosomal dominant hearing loss, one parent who carries the dominant gene for hearing loss and typically has a hearing loss passes it on to the child. In this case there is at least a 50% probability that the child will also have a hearing loss. The probability is higher if both parents have the dominant gene (and typically both have a hearing loss) or if both grandparents on one side of the family have hearing loss due to genetic causes. Because at least one parent usually has a hearing loss, there is prior expectation that the child may have a hearing loss.

=== Autosomal recessive hearing loss ===

In autosomal recessive hearing loss, both parents who typically have normal hearing, carry a [[recessive gene]]. In this case the probability of the child having a hearing loss is 25%. Because both parents usually have normal hearing, and because no other family members have hearing loss, there is no prior expectation that the child may have a hearing loss.

=== X-linked hearing loss ===

In X-linked hearing loss, the mother carries the recessive trait for hearing loss on the sex chromosome. She can pass on the trait to males and female children, but usually only male children are affected.

There are some genetic syndromes, in which hearing loss is one of the known characteristics. Some examples are [[Down syndrome]] (abnormality on a gene), [[Usher syndrome]] (autosomal recessive), [[Treacher Collins syndrome]] (autosomal dominant), [[Crouzon syndrome]] (autosomal dominant), and [[Alport syndrome]] (X-linked).

=== Other causes of congenital hearing loss ===

Other causes of congenital hearing loss that are not hereditary in nature include prenatal infections, illnesses, toxins consumed by the mother during pregnancy or other conditions occurring at the time of birth or shortly thereafter. These conditions typically cause sensorineural hearing loss ranging from mild to profound in degree. Examples include:

*Intrauterine infections including rubella (German measles), cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus
*Complications associated with the Rh factor in the blood
*[[Prematurity]]
*Lack of oxygen (anoxia)
*[[Hyperbilirubinemia]]
*Maternal alcohol/drug use

== Treatment==

A child with a congenital hearing loss should begin receiving treatment before 6 months of age. Studies suggest that children treated this early are usually able to develop communication skills (using spoken or sign language) that are as good as those of hearing peers.

In the United States of America, because of a Federal law (the [[Individuals with Disabilities Education Act]]), children with a hearing loss between birth and 3 years of age have the right to receive interdisciplinary assessment and early intervention services at little or no cost. After age 3, early intervention and special education programs are provided through the public school system.

There are a number of treatment options available, and parents will need to decide which are most appropriate for their child. They will need to consider the child’s age, developmental level and personality, the severity of the hearing loss, as well as their own preferences. Ideally a team of experts including the child’s primary care provider, an [[otolaryngologist]], a speech-language pathologist, audiologist and an educator will work closely with the parents to create an Individualized Family Service Plan. Treatment plans can be changed as the child gets older.

Children as young as 4 weeks of age can benefit from a [[hearing aid]]. These devices amplify sound, making it possible for many children to hear spoken words and develop language. However, some children with severe to profound hearing loss may not be able to hear enough sound, even with a hearing aid, to make speech audible. A behind-the-ear hearing aid is often recommended for young children because it is safer and more easily fitted and adjusted as the child grows as compared to one that fits within the ear.

Parents also will need to decide how their family and child are going to communicate. If the child is going to communicate orally (speech), s/he may need assistance learning listening skills and lip reading skills to help her/him understand what others are saying. Many children with hearing loss also need speech or language therapy.

A child also can learn to communicate using a form of sign language. In the United States of America, the type preferred by most deaf adults is [[American Sign Language]] (ASL), which has rules and grammar that is distinct from English. There are also several variations of sign language that can be used along with spoken English which are standard in English-speaking countries outside the United States.

Surgery may be recommended if a child has a permanent conductive hearing loss caused by malformations of the outer or middle ear, or by repeated ear infections. Although fluid in the middle ear usually results in only temporary [[hearing loss]], chronic [[ear infection]] can cause a child to fall behind in language skills. In some cases, a doctor may suggest inserting a tube through the eardrum to allow the middle ear to drain. This procedure generally does not require an overnight hospital stay.

Surgery also may be an option for some children with severe to profound [[sensorineural hearing loss]]. A device called a cochlear implant can be surgically inserted in the inner ear of children as young as 12 months of age to stimulate hearing. The surgery requires a hospital stay of one to several days. With additional language and speech therapy, children with cochlear implants may learn to understand speech and speak reasonably well, but the amount of improvement is variable.

Once a child is diagnosed, the immediate and anticipated reaction of the parents and immediate family is one of the denial. Doctors or the audiologists need to counsel the family, help them cope with the situation and encourage them to look forward to solutions to overcome the problem. Often when the family is told about the excellent options available for a hearing impaired child, the chances of acceptance are much better. Once the family accepts the handicap, half the battle is over and rehabilitation can begin.

The type of intervention required depends on several factors. Chief among these is the degree of impairment. When a child has a fair degree of residual hearing, the correct intervention would be fitting "optimised" hearing aids. "Optimisation" means fitting the child with a hearing aid appropriate to its degree of deafness.

Today a variety of good quality hearing aids are available - analog or digital body worn (for small children) or ear level for older children. When fitting a hearing aid, a competent audiologist has to assess the child's residual hearing, look at the hearing aid's performance and fit the child with an appropriate instrument. Equally important is the ear mould, which has to be custom made to suit the shape of the child's ear.

If a child has profound or even total deafness, it has very little or virtually no residual hearing. In such a case hearing aids do not make scientific sense. Such a child needs a different kind of treatment called Cochlear Implants which are a sets of electrodes implanted surgically into the inner ear.

== Famous Cases ==

* [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]
* [[Deaf white cat]]s

== References ==
*[http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/causes.htm#congenital American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.] Hearing Treatment and Rehabilitation, Rockville, MD, February 12, 2002.
*[http://www.boystownhospital.org/ Boys Town National Research Hospital.] Information on Hearing Loss, Omaha, NE, February 12, 2002.
*[http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ehdi/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.] The Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Program, Atlanta, GA, February 7, 2002.
*[http://www.decibelsfoundation.org/ The Decibels Foundation.] Helping children with hearing loss and their families live happier lives.
*[http://www.infanthearing.org/ehdi National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management. Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs], Utah State University, Logan, UT, February 7, 2002.
*[http://www.parchmenthill.com/hearing/congenital_causes.htm Parchment Hill] Causes of Congenital Hearing Loss
*[http://www.parchmenthill.com/hearing/congenital_causes.htm Parchment Hill] Causes of Congenital Hearing Loss
*[http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/audio/newbornhear.shtm Texas Newborn Hearing Screening Program]
*[http://www.hss.state.ak.us/dph/wcfh/newborn/ Alaska Universal Newborn Hearing Screening]
*[http://www.michigan.gov/ehdi Michigan Hearing Screening Program]
* [[National Health Service|NHS]] Newborn Hearing Screening Programme[http://hearing.screening.nhs.uk/]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Congenital Hearing Loss}}
[[Category:Deafness]]

Chevrolet S-Serie

2007-04-25T13:10:59Z

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{{Infobox Automobile
|name=Chevrolet S-10
|image=[[Image:98-03 Chevrolet S-10.jpg|250px|Face-lifted 2nd-gen S-10]]
|aka=GMC S-15 GMC Sonoma 
|manufacturer=[[General Motors]]
|production=1982–2004
|wheelbase=108.3 in. (reg. cab short bed) 117.9 in. (reg. cab long bed) 122.9 in. (ext. cab long bed)
|predecessor=[[Chevrolet LUV]]
|successor=[[Chevrolet Colorado]]/[[GMC Canyon]]
|class=Compact [[pickup truck]]
|assembly=[[Shreveport, Louisiana]]
|transmission=4-speed 4L60E [[automatic transmission|automatic]] 5-speed T5, NV1500, or NV3500 [[manual transmission|manual]][http://www.motivegear.com/tech_info/tranny_guide/tranny_guide.html]
|similar=[[Dodge Dakota]] [[Ford Ranger]] [[Nissan Hardbody Truck]]
}}
{{Infobox Automobile generation
|name=First generation
|image=[[Image:1st-Chevrolet-S10.jpg|250px|Chevrolet S-10 (first generation)]]
|production=1982–1993
|length=178.2 in. (reg. cab short bed) 194.2 in. (reg. cab long bed) 192.8 in. (ext. cab long bed)
|width=64.7 in.
|fuel_capacity=13.2 gal.
|engine=2.5[[Liter|L]] 92 [[horsepower|hp]] [[Straight-4|I4]]
|transmission=4-speed 4L60E [[automatic transmission|automatic]] Borg Warner T5 [[manual transmission|manual]]
|height=61.3 in. 63.4 in.
}}
{{Infobox Automobile generation
|name=Second generation
|fuel_capacity=19 gal.
|image=[[Image:Wiki cars 287.jpg|250px|1993 Chevrolet S-10]]
|production=1994–2004
|engine=2.2L 120 hp I4 4.3L 180 hp [[V6]] 4.3L 190 hp V6
|transmission=4-speed 4L60E [[automatic transmission|automatic]] NV1500 (1996 and up with I4 engine)[[manual transmission|manual]] NV3500 (1990 and up with V6 engine)[[manual transmission|manual]]
|length=189 in. (reg. cab short bed) 204.9 in. (reg. cab long bed & crew cab) 203.3 in. (ext. cab short bed)
|width=67.9 in.
|height=62.1 in. (reg. cab short bed) 61.9 in. (reg. cab long bed & crew cab) 63.8 in. (ext. cab short bed)
}}
[[Image:ZR2a.jpg|right|thumb|250px|2002 S10 With [[RPO ZR2|ZR2 Off road Package]] ]]

The '''Chevrolet S-10''' (and similar '''GMC S-15''' and '''Sonoma''') was a [[compact car|compact]] [[pickup truck]] from the [[Chevrolet]] marque of [[General Motors]]. When it was first introduced in 1982, the [[GMC (General Motors division)|GMC]] version was known as the '''S-15'''. A high-performance version was the [[GMC Syclone]]. The truck was also sold by [[Isuzu]] as the '''[[Isuzu Hombre|Hombre]]''' from 1996 through 2000. There became an [[SUV]] version, the [[Chevrolet S-10 Blazer]]/[[GMC S-15 Jimmy]]. An [[Chevrolet S10 EV|electric version]] was leased as a fleet vehicle in 1997 and 1998. Together, these trucks are often referred to as the '''S-series'''.
The S-series was replaced by new models, the [[Chevrolet Colorado]], [[GMC Canyon]], and [[Isuzu i-Series]], in 2004.

==First generation==
The first compact pickup truck from General Motors was the rebadged [[Isuzu KB]] sold since 1972 as the [[Chevrolet LUV]]. The 1973 Arab Oil Embargo forced GM to consider designing a domestically-produced compact pickup truck, however. As usual, parts from other GM chassis lines (primarily from the [[GM G platform (RWD)|GM G-body]] [[mid-size car|intermediates]]) were incorporated. The first S-series trucks were introduced in 1982. The Chevrolet and GMC models were identical apart from the grille. An extended cab and "Insta-Trac" four wheel drive were added the next year along with two new engines.

Track width was similar to the former [[GM H platform|GM H-body]] [[subcompact car|subcompacts]] ([[Chevrolet Vega|Vega]]/[[Chevrolet Monza|Monza]]).

The sport utility S-10 Blazer and S-15 Jimmy debuted; GM was the first to introduce compact sport utilities ahead of arch rivals [[Jeep]] and [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]. This trend occurred again where 4-door variants were introduced in March 1990 as 1991 [[model year|models]] alongside the similar [[Oldsmobile Bravada]].

New heavy-duty and off-road suspensions appeared in 1984 along with a hydraulic clutch, while the big news for 1985 was the discontinuing of the [[Chevrolet Cavalier|Cavalier]]'s OHV [[Straight-4|I4]] in favor of [[Pontiac]]'s Iron Duke. The OHV-derived 2.2 L engine and Isuzu 1.9 [[Liter|L]] were both gone the next year, leaving just the Iron Duke and updated 2.8 L [[V6]]. A much-welcomed 4.3 L V6 was added for 1988, and [[anti-lock brakes]] came the next year.

The GMC S-15 became the GMC Sonoma in 1991, and the Sierra trim packages are dropped to avoid confusion with the new GMC Sierra [[full-size car|full-size]] pickup. The GMC Syclone also appeared that year. The Sonoma GT bowed in 1992. Added to this was the 4.3L V6 Vortec W code engine. This generation's last year, 1993.

The Vortec is essentially the standard Z code 262 in³ [[internal combustion engine|engine]]. The difference is the W code used a balance shaft, roller cam shaft, different heads, and Central Port Injection. The 1992 and 1993 engine came in either a 195 or 205 [[horsepower|hp]] rating. The High Performance version came with a larger diameter Y pipe, and was only installed in some of the Blazers and S-10 Jimmys.

===Engines===
{| class=wikitable
!Years
!Engine
!Power
!Torque
![[VIN]] code
|-
|1982–1985||1.9 [[Liter|L]] [[Isuzu]] [[Straight-4|I4]], [[carburetor|2 barrel]]||84 [[horsepower|hp]] (63 [[kW]])||101 ft·lbf (137 N·m)||A
|-
|1982–1985||2.8 L ''[[GM 60-Degree V6 engine|60°]]'' [[V6]], 2 barrel||115 hp (86 kW)||148 ft·lbf (201 N·m)||B
|-
|1983–1985||2.2 L [[Diesel]] [[Straight-4|I4]]||58 hp (43 kW)||93 ft·lbf (126 N·m)||S
|-
|1983–1984||2.0 L ''[[GM OHV engine|OHV]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]], 2 barrel||83 hp (62 kW)||108 ft·lbf (146 N·m)||Y
|-
|1985–1989||2.5 L ''[[GM Iron Duke engine|Iron Duke]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]], [[TBI]]||92 hp (69 kW)||132 ft·lbf (179 N·m)||E
|-
|1986–1993||2.8 L ''[[GM 60-Degree V6 engine|60°]]'' [[V6]], [[TBI]]||125 hp (93 kW)||150 ft·lbf (203 N·m)||R
|-
|1988–1995||4.3 L ''[[GM 262inch 4300cc]]'' [[V6]], [[TBI]]||150–165 hp (112–123 kW)||230–235 ft·lbf (312–319 N·m)||Z
|-
|1990–1993||2.5 L ''[[GM Iron Duke engine|Iron Duke]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]], [[TBI]]||105 hp (78 kW)||135 ft·lbf (183 N·m)||A
|-
|1992–1993||4.3 L ''[[GM Vortec #4300engine|Vortec two HP versions]]'' [[V6]], [[CPI]]||195 or 205 hp (???–??? kW)||2?? or 2?? ft·lbf (3??–3?? N·m)||W

|}

===Sonoma GT===
A limited edition model was sold in 1992, the [[Sonoma GT]]. It used a 4.3 L ''L35'' V6 which produced 195 hp (145 kW). The appearance was similar to the 1991 [[GMC Syclone]] "super-truck". 806 Sonoma GT's were produced in 1992.

===1993 Sonoma===
Unknown quantity. Some 1993 Sonomas came with a factory equipped L35 W code engine. For 1993 no specialty labeling and or limited edition tags were known to be used with the w code engine.

==Second generation==
The second-generation trucks appeared in 1994. All of the special models (The Syclone, Typhoon, and Sonoma GT) were gone, but the changes to the truck brought it in line with arch-rival [[Ford Ranger]]. The Iron Duke and 2.8 L 60° V6 engines were dropped, leaving just the 4.3 L Vortec and a new 2.2 L engine, itself a derivative of the old Cavalier OHV.

Much of the chassis components were the same as the first generation (the A-frames between the first and second generation were the same although they were originally sourced from GM's G-body vehicle lineup, along with the steering knuckle, leaf springs, and differential assembly. (the second generation came with an optional 8.5" rear differential) Generally, for the [[Two wheel drive|2WD]] trucks, the 8.5" rearend was only used when it came with both a [[manual tranmission]] and the large 262cid [[V6 engine]], it was standard for 4WD trucks with either [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]]. This was also the year that GM introduced the [[RPO ZR2|ZR2 Offroad Package]].

The 4.3 L engines were refreshed for 1996 and a third (rear) door was added for extended-cab models. The exterior, interior, brakes, and 2.2 L engine were refreshed for 1998, and "Auto-Trac" [[all-wheel drive]] was optional starting in 1999 for the Blazers. Also the SS package was replaced by the "Xtreme" sports model package. In 2001 a Crew Cab option was added and was available in 4WD and [[automatic transmission]] only.

Base 2WD models came with 15x6.5 inch rims with directional vents, [[Xtreme]] and [[ZQ8]] models came with 16x8" rims while 4WD models (including the [[RPO ZR2|ZR2]]) used 15x7" rims. The 14 inch rims used on the first generation were discontinued.
 
 
Second-generation S-series were also produced locally in [http://72.30.186.56/babelfish/translate_url_content?lp=pt_en&trurl=http%3a%2f%2fwww2.uol.com.br%2fbestcars%2fcpassado%2fs10-5.htm Brazil]; and are still in production even though S-series production ceased in 2004 in the U.S. Brazilian S-10s have a different front grille, lamps and bumper, and they also available with a 2.8 Diesel engine built by [[MWM]].

==Fleet Use==
It should be noted that the S-10 remained for sale for fleet use into the 2005 model year. A limited number were sold as 2005s in North America. These trucks offered limited option choices and were all loaded, V6 equipped, 4 door trucks. These trucks were sold for fleet use only.

===Engines===
{| class=wikitable
!Years
!Engine
!Power
!Torque
![[VIN]] code
|-
|1994–1999||2.2 L ''[[GM Vortec engine#Vortec 2200|Vortec 2200]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]], [[Sequential fuel injection|SFI]]||118 hp (86 kW)||140 ft·lbf (190 N·m)||4
|-
|1994–1995||4.3 L ''[[GM Vortec engine#Vortec 4300|Vortec 4300]]'', [[TBI]]||155–165 hp (115–123 kW)||235 ft·lbf (319 N·m)||Z
|-
|1994–1995||4.3 L ''[[GM Vortec engine#Vortec 4300|Vortec 4300]]'', [[CMFI]]||191–195 hp (142–145 kW)||260 ft·lbf (353 N·m)||W
|-
|1996–2002||4.3 L ''[[GM Vortec engine#Vortec 4300|Vortec 4300]]'', [[CSFI]]||180–190 hp (134–142 kW)||245–250 ft·lbf (332–339 N·m)||X or W
|}

==External links==
* [http://www.S10Forum.com S10Forum.com - A great site dedicated to S-series enthusiasts.]
* [http://www.s-seriesforum.com S-Series Forum (SSF)]
* [http://www.s-series.org S-Series.org ]
* [http://www.v8s10.org S10 V8 Support Forum]
* [http://www.zr2usa.com/mboard]
* [http://www.mys10.net]
'''mys10.com'''
{{Chevrolet Truck}}



[[Category:Chevrolet vehicles|S-10]]
[[Category:Flexible-fuel vehicles]]
[[Category:Pickup trucks]]
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]
[[Category:All wheel drive vehicles]]
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]
[[Category:2000s automobiles I can believe you would let people make changes here]]

[[fr:Chevrolet S-10]]
[[lt:Chevrolet S-10]]
[[pt:Chevrolet S-10]]

Romulus (Michigan)

2007-03-29T14:35:24Z

136.181.195.8:

{{Infobox City
| official_name = Romulus, Michigan
| nickname = "Gateway to the World", "City on the Move", The Airport, "Rom-Town", "The R"
| motto = "With Pride, With Unity"
| image_skyline =
| image_seal =
| image_map =
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the World|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. State|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]]
| subdivision_name = [[United States]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Michigan]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]]
| leader_name = Alan R. Lambert Linda Choate Pamela Morrison-Kersey Randolph Gear John Barden Ellen Bragg Leroy Burcroff Harry Crout William Crova William Wadsworth
| leader_title = [[Mayor]] [[City Clerk]] [[Treasurer]] City Council
| area_magnitude = 1 E8
| TotalArea_sq_mi =35.9
| area_total = 93.0 sq mi.
| population_as_of = 2007
| population_total = 22,980
| website = [http://www.romulusgov.com www.romulusgov.com]
}}
'''Romulus''' is a city in [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. The population was 22,980 at the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 93.0 [[km²]] (35.9 [[square mile|mi²]]). 93.0 km² (35.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.03% is water.
The City of Romulus is bound to the [[North]] by Van Born Road, to the [[South]] by Pennsylvania Road, to the [[East]] by Inkster Road, and to the [[West]] by Hannan Road.

'''Adjacent Communities'''

*[[Wayne, Michigan]] (north)
*[[Westland, Michigan]] (northeast)
*[[Taylor, Michigan]] (east)
*[[Brownstown Township, Michigan]] (southeast)
*[[New Boston, Michigan]] (south)
*[[Van Buren Township, Michigan|Van Buren Charter Township, Michigan]] (west)

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]][[Geographic references#2|²]] of 2000, there were 22,979 people, 8,439 households, and 5,941 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 247.1/km² (639.9/mi²). There were 8,943 housing units at an average density of 96.2/km² (249.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 65.36% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 29.99% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.54% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.59% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.81% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.63% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.01% of the population.

There were 8,439 households out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $45,088, and the median income for a family was $51,497. Males had a median income of $41,372 versus $27,517 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,679. About 10.6% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.8% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

== History ==
In [[1855]], Romulus was just a swamp land when it was found and became a village. In the late [[1800s]], it became a township to Wayne County. Finally, in [[1970]], Romulus became a city favored by the citizens.

=== Underground Railroad Stops ===
* '''Samuel Kingsley Home''' is a famous historic landmark in Romulus. During slavery times, [[Samuel L. Kingsley]] lived in a house on Ozga Rd near Pullens Corners, what is today known as Five Points. He hidden slaves in an underground cellar which was in a closet and the cellar door was on the floor. Today, the house is now located on Hunt Street across from the Romulus Historical Museum. The address to the house was 37426 S. Huron River Drive. Rory Means lived in that house for 4 years, 1982-1986. Along time resident of Romulus. And as a boy played in that cellar.
* '''The White Church''' at the Pullens Corner / Five Points was also an underground railroad stop. Today, the church, which is now called Romulus Wesleyan Church, still sits at the corner.

=== Historical Places ===
The following are historic places in the City of Romulus:

* Romulus Memorial Cemetery
* Block's Greenhouse & Produce Market
* Peter C. Byrd Home (located at Wayne Rd. and Grant St.)
* Merril - Morris House
* Morris Homestead
* Romulus School House No.# 1 (currently Romulus Historical Museum)
* Old Romulus South Junior High School (currently the Romulus Police Department)

Some of these historic sites are one of the State of [[Michigan]] Historic Sites.

== Citywide Traditions ==
* '''The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Celebration''' is annual event hold every year on [[Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day]]. Citizens walk from Romulus Middle School or Cory Elementary to [[Romulus High School]]. Ceremony is celebrated with singing and performances from students in Romulus including the Romulus High School Marching Eagles, skits performed by students from all 6 elementary schools and other performances from other asscoiations. A guest speaker will give a presentation. It has been an event since [[2003]].
*'''The Annual Romulus Pumpkin Festival & Parade of Lights''' is the biggest event all year round in the city. It is always held on the Third Weekend in [[September]] in Downtown. On the Friday Evening, the Parade of Lights gitters on streets of Romulus. Saturday and Sunday, festivities such as Pumpkin pie eating contest and singing competition.

==City Subdivisions==
The following list are the names of all of the subdivisions in the city:

* North End / The Subs
* Gateway & The Hills
* Junction / Valley
* Oakbrook
* Meadows
* Arches (a neighorhood located behind [[McDonald's]])
* The Preserves
* White Cloud
* Five Foints
* Countryside
* Commons & The Farms
* Downtown / Village

== Parks and Recreation ==
=== Recreation ===
Currently, a new recreation center is being built on Wayne Rd at Northline Rd, just west of Detroit Metro Airport.

=== Parks ===
The following are parks in the city
* Romulus - Park #1
* Mary Ann Banks Memorial Park / Kennedy Park
* Eugenio Fernandez Park
* Cypress Park
* Halecreek Park
* Elmer Johnson Community Park
* Merriman Neighborhood Park
* Senior Citizens Neighborhood Park

== Media ==
=== Newspapers ===

* [[Detroit Free Press]]
* [[The Detroit News]]
* The News-Hearld (Downriver area paper)
* "The Romulus News" (also known as the "little paper")
* "The Romulus Roman"
* "The Wingspan" -- Official Paper of [[Romulus High School]]

== Education ==
===Romulus Community Schools===

Since 2005, Romulus Community Schools is one of the most recognized schools in the State of Michigan.

 
The following are schools with the corresponding grades:

* [[Romulus Senior High School|Romulus High School]] (9 - 12)
** "Home of the Eagles"

* [[Romulus Middle School]] (7 & 8)
** "Home of the Bulldogs"

* [[Romulus Community High/Middle School]]
** "Home of the Lions"

* Lorena G. Burton Memorial Center (Romulus Head Start)
** No Mascot

* Barth Elementary School (K - 6)
** "Home of the Bears"

* Cory Elementary School (K - 6)
** "Home of the Cougars"

* Halecreek Elementary School (K - 6)
** "Home of the Hawks"

* Merriman Elementary School (K - 6)
** "Home of the Superstars"

* Romulus Elementary School (K - 6)
** "Home of the Jaguars"

* Wick Elementary School (K - 6)
** "Home of the Wildcats"

==== Michigan Blue Ribbon Schools ====
* In [[2004]], Barth Elementary was awarded the Michigan Blue Ribbon School Award by the [[Michigan Department of Education]].
* In [[2007]], Wick Elementary received this award as well.

=== Summit Charter Academy ===

Summit Charter Academies are one of the Top 100 schools in the country. The following are the schools in the city:

* Summit North Elementary Academy (K - 5)

* Summit Middle School Academy (6 - 8)

* Summit High School Academy (9 - 12)

== Chemical Plant Explosion ==
{{wikinews|Detroit chemical plant experiences explosions, fire; residents evacuated}}
On [[August 9]], [[2005]] at approxmetely 9:30p.m., the EQ Recovery Plant expolded in to bursts of fire. Citizens within 1 to 1⅓ mile radius was forced to evacuate their homes in subdivisions like North End/Subs, Woodside Square, Avalon Meadows, Rudgate and other subdivisions. Romulus fire crews and crews from [[Taylor, Michigan|Taylor]], [[Belleville, Michigan|Belleville]], [[Woodhaven, Michigan|Woodhaven]] & [[Sumpter Township|Sumpter Twp.]] managed to put out the fire after letting it burn down a little bit. Chemical-filled Smoke filled the dusk sky, and people were breathing the air in the area that they were receiving sickness or problems in health. Many citizens from both Romulus and Wayne were taken to Oakwood Annapolis Hospital, about 2 miles from the explosion site. Fortunally, no one was injured at the time.

== Northwest 255 Accident ==
On [[August 16]], [[1987]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 255]] crashed after taking off from [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]]. All crew and passengers was killed except for a 4-year old girl. Today, a memorial sits at the site of the crash located on Middlebelt Rd between [[Interstate 94]] and Wick Rd/Interstate 94 East Service Dr.

==CSX Train Incident==
In [[2001]], a [[CSX Transportation]] train crashed into a car on Tobine Road. The driver and passenger of the vehicle were killed, the engineer suffered major injuries.

== Music ==
Musician [[Sufjan Stevens]] wrote a song titled "Romulus" on an album entitled [[Michigan (album)|Michigan]] (aka, [[Michigan (album)|Greetings From Michigan: The Great Lake State]]). The song is about his mother and the small rural community in which she lived.

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.romulusgov.com/ City of Romulus, Michigan]
*[http://www.romulus.net/ Romulus Community Schools]
*[http://www.summit-academy.com/index.htm/ Summit Academy Schools]
*[http://www.metroairport.com/ Detroit Metro Airport]

{{Cities of Wayne County, Michigan}}

{{coor title dms|42|13|20|N|83|23|48|W|type:city_region:US-MI}}

[[Category:Wayne County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Cities in Michigan]]

Romulus (Michigan)

2007-03-29T14:35:24Z

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