Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Seelenverwandtschaft

2009-01-27T00:49:08Z

131.247.244.185:

[[Image:Chapelle-du-prigny-Pieds-St-Guenole.jpg|thumb|215px|right|The feet of the statue of [[Winwaloe|Saint Guénolé]] (Winwaloe, Guignolé), in a chapel of [[Prigny]] ([[Loire-Atlantique]]), are pierced with needles by local girls who hope to find their [[soulmate]]s.]]

'''Soulmate''' is a term sometimes used to designate someone with whom one has a feeling of deep and natural affinity, [[love]], [[intimacy]], [[Human sexuality|sexuality]], [[spirituality]], and/or [[compatibility]]. A related concept is that of the '''twin flame''' or '''twin soul''' – which is thought to be the ultimate soulmate, the one and only other half of one's [[soul]], for which all souls are driven to find and join. Les and Cindy are the best example of true soulmates. However, not everyone who uses these terms intends them to carry such [[Mysticism|mystical]] [[connotation]]s.

{{Close Relationships}}
{{Love table}}

== Theories ==
One theory of soulmates, presented by [[Aristophanes]] in [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'', is that humans originally consisted of four arms, four legs, and a single head made of two faces, but [[Zeus]] feared their power and split them all in half, condemning them to spend their lives searching for the other half to complete them:

{{blockquote|[Primeval man] could walk upright as men now do, backwards or forwards as he pleased, and he could also roll over and over at a great pace, turning on his four hands and four feet, eight in all, like tumblers going over and over with their legs in the air; this was when he wanted to run fast…Terrible was their might and strength, and the thoughts of their hearts were great, and they made an attack upon the gods... Doubt reigned in the celestial councils. Should they kill them and annihilate the race with thunderbolts, as they had done the giants, then there would be an end of the sacrifices and worship which men offered to them; but, on the other hand, the gods could not suffer their insolence to be unrestrained. At last, after a good deal of reflection, [[Zeus]] discovered a way. He said: 'Methinks I have a plan which will humble their pride and improve their manners; men shall continue to exist, but I will cut them in two and then they will be diminished in strength and increased in numbers; this will have the advantage of making them more profitable to us. They shall walk upright on two legs, and if they continue insolent and will not be quiet, I will split them again and they shall hop about on a single leg.'|Aristophanes, Plato’s Symposium|<ref>[http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/symposium.html The Internet Classics Archive | Symposium by Plato]</ref>}}

Some people believe that [[soul]]s are literally made and/or [[predestination|fated]] to be the mates of each other, or to play certain other important roles in each other's lives.

According to theories popularized by [[Theosophy]] and in a modified form by [[Edgar Cayce]], God created [[androgynous]] souls, equally male and female. The souls split into separate genders later, perhaps because they incurred [[karma]] while playing around on the [[Earth]], or "separation from God". Over countless reincarnations, each half seeks the other. When all karmic debt is purged, the two will fuse back together and return to the ultimate.<ref>Krajenke, Robert W. (1972). ''Suddenly We Were!: a Story of Creation Based on the Edgar Cayce Readings''. A.R.E. Press.</ref><ref>"[http://www.soulevolution.org/twinflames/twinflames.htm What is a Twin Flame?]". ''SoulEvolution.org''. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.</ref><ref>"[http://www.tsl.org/twinflames/twinflames.asp Twin Flames and Soul Mates: The Quest for Wholeness]", ''tsl.org''. Retrieved on 2007-12-21.</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Astrological Compatibility]]
* [[Astrology]]
* [[Cosmology]]
* [[Interpersonal relationship]]
* [[Love]]
* [[New Age|New Age Spirituality]]
* [[Romantic love]]

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==References==
* Segal, E. (ed) (1986). ''The Dialogues of Plato'' New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books. [[Special:Booksources/055321327X|ISBN 055321327X]].

== External links ==
* [http://marriage.about.com/cs/soulmates/a/soulmates.htm What are the Chances of Marrying Your Soul Mate?]

[[Category:New Age]]
[[Category:Love]]

[[de:Seelenverwandtschaft]]
[[es:Almas gemelas]]
[[fr:Âme sœur]]
[[it:Anima gemella]]
[[tr:Ruhsal eşler]]

Seelenverwandtschaft

2008-11-25T23:28:12Z

131.247.244.185: /* Theories */

{{Cleanup|date=December 2006}}
{{Love table}}
'''Soulmate''' is a term sometimes used to designate someone with whom one has a feeling of deep and natural affinity, [[friendship]], [[love]], [[intimacy]], [[Human sexuality|sexuality]], [[spirituality]] and/or [[compatibility]]. A related concept is that of the '''twin flame''' or '''twin soul''' – which is thought to be the ultimate soulmate, the one and only other half of one's [[soul]], for which all souls are driven to find and join. However, not everyone who uses these terms intends them to carry such [[Mysticism|mystical]] [[connotation]]s.

==Theories==
One theory of soulmates, presented by [[Aristophanes]] in [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'', is that humans originally consisted of four arms, four legs, and a single head made of two faces, but [[Zeus]] feared their power and split them all in half, condemning them to spend their lives searching for the other half to complete them. The greatest living example of soulmates is Nicki F and Mike Stone

{{blockquote|[Primeval man] could walk upright as men now do, backwards or forwards as he pleased, and he could also roll over and over at a great pace, turning on his four hands and four feet, eight in all, like tumblers going over and over with their legs in the air; this was when he wanted to run fast…Terrible was their might and strength, and the thoughts of their hearts were great, and they made an attack upon the gods... Doubt reigned in the celestial councils. Should they kill them and annihilate the race with thunderbolts, as they had done the giants, then there would be an end of the sacrifices and worship which men offered to them; but, on the other hand, the gods could not suffer their insolence to be unrestrained. At last, after a good deal of reflection, [[Zeus]] discovered a way. He said: 'Methinks I have a plan which will humble their pride and improve their manners; men shall continue to exist, but I will cut them in two and then they will be diminished in strength and increased in numbers; this will have the advantage of making them more profitable to us. They shall walk upright on two legs, and if they continue insolent and will not be quiet, I will split them again and they shall hop about on a single leg.'|Aristophanes, Plato’s Symposium|<ref>[http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/symposium.html The Internet Classics Archive | Symposium by Plato]</ref>}}

[[Image:Chapelle-du-prigny-Pieds-St-Guenole.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The feet of the statue of [[Winwaloe|Saint Guénolé]] (Winwaloe, Guignolé), in a chapel of [[Prigny]] ([[Loire-Atlantique]]), are pierced with needles by local girls who hope to find their [[soulmate]]s in this way.]]
Some people believe that [[soul]]s are literally made and/or [[predestination|fated]] to be the mates of each other, or to play certain other important roles in each other's lives.

According to theories popularized by [[Theosophy]] and in a modified form by [[Edgar Cayce]], God created androgynous souls, equally male and female. The souls split into separate genders later, perhaps because they incurred [[karma]] while playing around on the earth, or "separation from God". Over countless reincarnations, each half seeks the other. When all karmic debt is purged, the two will fuse back together and return to the ultimate. <ref>Krajenke, Robert W. (1972). ''Suddenly We Were!: a Story of Creation Based on the Edgar Cayce Readings''. A.R.E. Press.</ref><ref>"[http://www.soulevolution.org/twinflames/twinflames.htm What is a Twin Flame?]". ''SoulEvolution.org''. Retrieved on [[2007-12-21]].</ref><ref>"[http://www.tsl.org/twinflames/twinflames.asp Twin Flames and Soul Mates: The Quest for Wholeness]", ''tsl.org''. Retrieved on [[2007-12-21]].</ref>

==See also==

*[[Astrological Compatibility]]
*[[Interpersonal relationship]]
*[[Love]]
*[[New Age Spirituality]]
*[[Romantic love]]

{{Portalpar|Spirituality|EndlessKnot03d.png}}
==References==
<references />
* Segal, E. (ed) (1986). ''The Dialogues of Plato'' New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books. [[Special:Booksources/055321327X|ISBN 055321327X]].

==External links==
* [http://marriage.about.com/cs/soulmates/a/soulmates.htm What are the Chances of Marrying Your Soul Mate?]
* [http://artwithin.gfxartist.com/artworks/133697 Soulmate Art]

[[Category:New Age]]
[[Category:Love]]

[[de:Seelenverwandtschaft]]
[[es:Almas gemelas]]
[[it:Anima gemella]]
[[tr:Ruhsal eşler]]

Black Tar Heroin

2008-09-10T22:10:00Z

131.247.244.185: /* Health matters specific to black tar heroin */

[[Image:Heroin black tar.jpg|thumb|Black tar heroin]]
{{longintro}}
'''Black Tar Heroin''' is a variety of [[heroin]] produced primarily in [[Mexico]], but similar in appearance and texture to so called Home Bake Heroin from New Zealand. It is the most prevalent form of heroin in the western United States. In the eastern United States, South American-produced "white" (actually beige to off-white) powder heroin is most common. Black tar heroin is also occasionally found in western Canada, though [[Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|Southeast Asian]] heroin is the most predominant form there. Almost all of the heroin produced in Mexico is destined for the western United States.

"Black tar heroin" is the typical street term for the drug,<ref name="cdc">See the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]]'s [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5237a3.htm Wound Botulism Among Black Tar Heroin Users] from [[2003]], for example.</ref> but it has many other street (colloquial) names, such as:
* ''Pigment''
* ''Negro'': the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for black
* ''Piedra'': the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for stone
* ''Chiva'': a [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for a young goat
* ''Niggarin'': English Slang
* ''Nut Job''
* "Muck"
* "Frown"
* "Slab"
Mexican drug syndicates were producing heroin by the mid-1960s. Lacking the experience in chemistry that other syndicates had gained through years of illicit heroin production, Mexican organizations used less-refined [[morphine]] and also substituted primary chemicals in synthesis. The opium from which heroin is ultimately produced is a golden brown-to-black, gummy latex containing an average of 10% morphine, although morphine content can vary from 3 to 20 percent of content. Pure morphine and heroin are both fine white and odorless powders. In order to produce heroin, morphine is extracted from raw opium and reacted with non-glacial acetic acid, primarily acetic anhydride for its efficiency. The purity of the final product, and therefore its color and texture, depend on the purity of the source material. Early black tar heroin was notable for its low purity (usually under 30%, at a time when white powdered heroin from the east coast often tested at over 90%), but purity levels have increased dramatically as the producers have gained experience. It should also be noted that the percent of the remainder of black tar heroin is other psychoactive opiate substances, like 6-MAM & morphine, rather than cut or inactive substances. Accordingly, the price per kilogram of black tar heroin has increased from one-tenth that of South American powder heroin in the mid-1990s to between one-half and three-quarters in [[2003]]. It has been steadily on the rise in the following years to nearly converge with the dropping purity of U.S. east coast powder varieties of heroin.<ref>[http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs25/25921/heroin.htm USDOJ report on South American & Mexican Heroin purity levels]</ref>

The effects of black tar heroin are identical to those of powder [[heroin]]. This is because, although less refined than powder forms, black tar makes up for purity in potency through excess alkaloids left in its creation process which affect its course of action. Black tar heroin is found to contain byproducts such as [[Monoacetylmorphine|6-monoacetylmorphine]], U.S. [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] microanalysis of seized black tar heroin was shown to contain over 50% and as much as 63 percent 6-MAM.<ref>[http://www.dea.gov/programs/forensicsci/microgram/mg0206/mg0206.html February '06 DEA Office of Forensic Sciences Washington Intelligence alert]</ref> 6-monoacetylmorphine is more potent by weight, with less of a negative side effect per milligram, than heroin. However black tar heroin is also found to contain 6-acetylcodeine, which is more toxic than heroin and more likely to cause allergic reactions to otherwise opiate tolerant individuals. Additionally, leftover morphine by itself is found in black tar heroin. The combination of heroin, 6-MAM, & morphine and the difference in their onset upon crossing the [[blood brain barrier]] can theoretically be a cause of increased duration of peak effects that none of the drugs alone would reach, making black tar heroin an opiate cocktail of sorts. Because of the consistency of black tar heroin, it is usually injected or smoked. It can also be ground into powder or dissolved in water and snorted.

==Health matters specific to black tar heroin==
Users who [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously inject]] black tar heroin are at higher risk of venous [[Atherosclerosis|sclerosis]] (a condition where the veins narrow and harden, making injection there nearly impossible) than users of powder heroin. Researchers at [[University of California, San Francisco|UC-San Francisco]] have found that the rapidity with which black tar heroin destroys veins (forcing users to inject [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneously]]), along with its gummier consistency (requiring that needles be thoroughly rinsed between use), may put users at a lower risk of [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="ucsf">[http://www.thebody.com/content/art26990.html|CDC: Black Tar Heroin May Save Users from HIV: Report]</ref>

Black tar heroin is also associated with [[necrotizing fasciitis]] (NF). NF is a severe form of [[cellulitis]], where infected tissue and muscle rapidly dies and patients can ultimately die of [[sepsis]] and kidney failure. Necrotizing Fasciitis has a mortality rate of 20% for treated cases and almost 100% for untreated cases. Black tar heroin can be associated with wound [[botulism]] (infection with Clostridium ''botulinum'' at the site of heroin injection). This presents as generalized weakness, followed by paralysis of major muscular groups, and finally respiratory paralysis. Though not commonly known snorting roughly an 8-ball of Cocaine, preferably off of a nun's ass then shooting black-tar heroin into your neck is commonly known as the "Schrodinger" in many drug circles. <ref name="jager bomb">[http://www.meatsping.com]</ref>Botulism is treatable with intravenous type A equine antitoxin and mechanical ventilation.

==Variations==
{{Confusing|date=February 2008}}

Mexican brown powder heroin is actually #4 heroin without the addition of activated carbon and the final step of ether and ethyl alcohol used by most #4 producers. It is often produced by the same syndicates that produce Tar, but is a distinct form of heroin.

==Documentary==
The effects of the drug are realistically captured on the 1999 documentary [[Black Tar Heroin (film)|Black Tar Heroin: The Dark End of the Street]].

==References==
<references />
*[http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/12620/heroin.htm ''National Drug Threat Assessment 2005''], National Drug Intelligence Center. Accessed 15 December 2005
*[http://www.interpol.int/Public/Drugs/heroin/default.asp ''Heroin''], Interpol Drugs Sub-Directorate. Accessed 15 December 2005

[[Category:Heroin]]

[[pl:Brown sugar]]