Chicano Movement

2007-06-26T04:01:40Z

128.135.121.62: /* Chicano nationalism */

{{POV}}
{{Latino}}

The '''Chicano Movement''', also called the '''Chicano Civil Rights Movement''', the '''Mexican-American Civil Rights Movement''', and '''''El Movimiento''''', is the part of the [[American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|American Civil Rights Movement]] that searched for social liberation and power for [[Mexican Americans]].

==Introduction==
The Chicano Movement encompassed all political, social, and cultural movements by Mexican Americans.

Socially, the Chicano Movement addressed negative [[ethnic stereotype]] of Mexicans in mass media and the American consciousness through the creation of works of literary and visual art that validated the Mexican-American ethnicity and culture.

==Roots==
Figures such as [[Tiburcio Vasquez]] and [[Joaquin Murietta]] became [[folk hero]]s to Mexican Americans for their refusal to submit to [[Anglo]]-American authority. The repatriations often coincided with [[trade union|union]] activity, and deportation soon became a way to break and weaken unions. Another wave of repatriations occurred after [[World War II]], but by this time, Mexicans had established deep roots and strong family and community network inside the United States, resulting in the "repatriation" of many United States citizens.

==Chicano nationalism==
{{main|Chicano nationalism}}
The assimilationist ethos began to change after World War II. It was in institutes of higher learning that they began to uncover their own history, a history that was never taught and often deliberately hidden in American public schools. This knowledge allowed for a radical assessment of the history and status of Mexicans in the United States.

That version of the past did not, on the other hand, take into account the history of those Mexicans who had immigrated to the United States. It was only a decade later when activists, such as Bert Corona in California, embraced the rights of illegal immigrants and helped broaden the focus to include their rights.

In the heady days of the late 1960s, when the student movement was active around the globe, the Chicano movement brought about more or less spontaneous actions, such as the mass walkouts by high school students in Denver and [[East Los Angeles]] in [[1968]] and the [[Chicano Moratorium]] in Los Angeles in [[1970]].

==Bibliography==
*Yolanda Broyles-Gonzalez, ''El Teatro Campesino: Theater in the Chicano Movement'' (University of Texas Press, 1994).
*Mario T. García, ''Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, & Identity, 1930-1960'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).
*Carlos Muñoz, Jr., ''Youth, Identity, Power: The Chicano Movement'' (New York: Verso, 1989). ISBN 0-86091-913-7
*Juan Gómez Quiñones, ''Chicano Politics: Reality & Promise, 1940-1990'' (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990). ISBN 0-8263-1213-6
*F. Arturo Rosales, ''Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement'' (Houston: Arte Publico Press, 1996). ISBN 1-55885-201-8
*F. Arturo Rosales, ''Testimonio: A Documentary History of the Mexican-American Struggle for Civil Rights'' (Houston: Arte Publico Press, 2000).

==External links==
*[http://chicana-swicki.eurekster.com/ Chicana community search page]
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{{Chicano/Mexican-American}}

[[Category:History of civil rights in the United States|Chicano Movement]]
[[Category:Mexican-American history]]
[[Category:Nonviolent resistance movements|Chicano Movement]]
[[Category:Historical political movements of the United States|Chicano Movement]]
[[Category:Latino civil rights activists|Chicano Movement]]

Joseph Regenstein Library

2007-03-05T03:00:05Z

128.135.121.62: /* History */

'''The Joseph M. Regenstein Library''' is the main library of the [[University of Chicago]], named after industrialist and philanthropist [[Joseph Regenstein]]. Holding over 4.4 million volumes, it is one of the largest repositories of books in the world, and is noted for its [[brutalist]] architecture.

[[Image:Regenstein Library entrance.jpg|right|thumb|Regenstein Library, University of Chicago]]

==History==
The library stands on the former grounds of [[Stagg Field]]. In 1965, the [[Joseph Regenstein Foundation]] gave $10 million to the University for construction of the library. In 1968, the university broke ground and, in 1970, the library opened at the final cost of $20,750,000. The building was designed by the Chicago firm [[Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill]] led by senior architect [[Walter Netsch]]. It is built out of grooved limestone, which, from a distance, resembles concrete. Today, the "Reg" is the flagship institution of The University of Chicago Library system, which is considered among the top five in the world for breadth and depth of material, and receives high marks from users (''[[The Princeton Review]]'' placed it in the top three for college students). [http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/rankings/rankingDetails.asp?CategoryID=1&TopicID=12]

The building has five floors above ground and two basements. Each floor has a large reading room in the center with desks, group study rooms, lockers and shelved reference works. The reading room on floors two and three is connected by a small atrium. The reading rooms are separated from the stacks, located on the west side of the building, so that the stacks can be maintained at lower temperatures, which are more amicable to book conservation. 250 faculty studies line the east side of the building.

The Regenstein's overflowing collection posed spatial problems to the book stacks. In May 2005, the University of Chicago's Board of Trustees authorized funding for a $42 million dollar addition to the library, which is scheduled to be completed at the end of 2009. The addition will allow the library to maintain physical copies of materials available online while creating space within the book stacks to accommodate approximately 20 years of new print acquisitions. In February of 2006, the University's Board of Trustees selected and approved Chicago-based architect [[Helmut Jahn]] as the architect for the addition.[http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/reg/addition/]

The Regenstein Library is a popular social space for the [[University of Chicago]] college students: "On our campus, it's not the football game that draws the biggest crowd, it's evening study in the library," said former Provost Richard Saller. "We're a campus where the library is sort of the social center because it is the focus [of the university]." [http://www-news.uchicago.edu/citations/05/050605.reg-ct.html] At 10:00pm on the Sunday night before finals week of Winter Quarter, the University of Chicago track team streaks through the Reg, much to the delight of students and the chagrin of the library administration. On the Friday night before Finals Week, students from the [[Snell-Hitchcock]] dormitory play a modified version of hide-and-go-seek in the book stacks.

The Regenstein Library is also the location of the [[Special Collections Research Center]], which houses rare book collections, manuscripts, and university archives. The SCRC was established in 1953 by Herman H. Fussler and was moved to the "Reg" when it opened in 1970. The rare books collection currently holds approximately 265,000 volumes.

==Figures==
*Area: 577,085 gross feet<sup>2</sup>.
*Maximum east-west dimension: 344'.
*Maximum north-south dimension: 411'6".

{{UChicago}}
==Sources==
*http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/reg/using/building.html
*http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/reg/addition/
*http://www-news.uchicago.edu/citations/05/050605.reg-ct.html
*http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/spcl/

{{Illinois-struct-stub}}
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[[Category:Academic libraries]]
[[Category:Brutalist structures]]
[[Category:Libraries in Illinois]]
[[Category:University of Chicago]]

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Chicano Movement

Joseph Regenstein Library