Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Carlos Hathcock

2007-12-14T17:21:40Z

12.20.128.3: /* Marine Corps career */ parallel with spartacus film is superfluous and silly

{{refimprove|date=August 2007}}
{{Infobox Military Person
|name= Carlos Norman Hathcock II
|lived= [[May 20]], [[1942]] - {{Death date and age|1999|2|23|1942|5|20|}}
|placeofbirth= [[Little Rock, Arkansas]] {{flagicon|Arkansas}} {{flagicon|USA}}
|placeofdeath= [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]] {{flagicon|Virginia}} {{flagicon|USA}}
|image= 
|caption=
|nickname= "Long Tra'ng du K'ich"
|allegiance= [[United States Marine Corps|USMC]]
|serviceyears= 1959-1979
|rank= [[Gunnery Sergeant]]
|commands=
|unit=
|battles=[[Vietnam War]]
|awards= [[Silver Star Medal]]<br>[[Purple Heart]]
|laterwork=
}}
''' Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Norman Hathcock II''' ([[May 20]], [[1942]] – [[February 23]], [[1999]]) was a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[sniper]] with a service record of 93 confirmed kills and more than 300 probable kills during the [[Vietnam War]]. Hathcock's record and the extraordinary details of the missions he undertook made him a legend in the Marine Corps. His fame as a sniper and his dedication to long distance shooting led him to become a major developer of the United States Marine Corps Sniper training program. He has, in recent years, also had the honor of having a rifle named after him. This variant of the [[M21 Sniper Weapon System|M21]] is dubbed the Springfield Armory [[XM25 Sniper Rifle|M25 White Feather]], in honor of GySgt Hathcock.

==Early life==
Carlos Norman Hathcock, II., was born in [[Little Rock, Arkansas]] on [[May 20]], [[1942]]. He grew up in rural Arkansas, living with his grandmother after his parents separated. He took to shooting and hunting at a young age, partly out of necessity to help feed his poor family. He took to going into the woods with his dog and pretending to be an Army Ranger and hunting fake Nazis in his own little Germany. He would "hunt" at the young age with a rifle that his father had brought back from Europe during the second great war. Hathcock dreamed of being a Marine throughout his childhood <ref> Charles Henderson. ''Marine Sniper'', New York: Berkley Books, 1986. p.29. (ISBN 0-425-18165-0)</ref>, and on [[May 20]], [[1959]], at the age of 17, he enlisted in the Marine Corps.

Hathcock married Jo Winstead on [[November 20]], [[1962]]. Jo gave birth to a son, Carlos Norman Hathcock, III, the next year. Carlos Hathcock III would later join the Marines.

==Marine Corps career==
Before deploying to [[Vietnam]], he won many shooting championships, including the [[Wimbledon Cup]] — long-range shooting's most prestigious prize — in [[1965]]. A year later he was sent to Vietnam.

Hathcock started his deployment in Vietnam as an [[Military Police|MP]], and later became a sniper, after Captain E.J. Land pushed the Marines into raising snipers in every platoon. He later recruited Marines who had set their own records in sharpshooting. He quickly found Hathcock, who had won the Wimbledon cup at Camp Perry, OH. During his time in Vietnam, Hathcock became recognized as the Marines' most proficient sniper killing a confirmed 93 [[North Vietnamese Army]] and [[Viet-Cong]] personnel.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Kennedy
| first = Harold
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Marine Corps Sets Sights On More Precise Shooting
| work = National Defense Magazine
| publisher = Headquarters Marine Corps
| date =
| url = http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2003/Mar/Marine_Corps_Sets.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-03-30}}</ref> His actual total is believed to be well over 400, with at least an additional 300 being unconfirmed, which the official count does not reflect. (During the Vietnam War, kills had to be confirmed by an acting third party: this was feasible on a battlefield, but snipers usually worked in pairs (shooter and spotter) and often did not have an acting third party present, which made confirmation difficult.) He is third only to U.S. Marine Corps sniper [[Chuck Mawhinney]] and [[US Army]] sniper [[Adelbert Waldron]] on the list of most confirmed kills for an American sniper.

North Vietnam even put a bounty of $50,000 on his life and his sniper teacher E. J. Land, which was far more than other rewards put on U.S. snipers—typically only $50-$100. The Viet Cong and NVA called Hathcock ''Long Tra'ng du'Kich'', translated as "White Feather Sniper", because of the white feather he kept in a band on his bush hat. After a platoon of trained Vietnamese snipers were sent to hunt down "White Feather", many Marines in the same area donned white feathers in their covers to deceive the enemy. These Marines were aware of the impact Hathcock's death would have, and took it upon themselves to make themselves targets in order to preserve the life of the true "White Feather".

One of Hathcock's most famous accomplishments was shooting an enemy sniper through his [[rifle scope|scope]], hitting him in the eye and killing him. Hathcock and John Burke, his spotter, were stalking the enemy sniper in the jungle near Hill 55, the [[firebase]] where Hathcock was stationed. The sniper had already killed several Marines, and was believed to have been sent specifically to kill Hathcock. When Hathcock saw a flash of light (light reflecting off the enemy sniper's scope) in the bushes, he fired at it, shooting through the scope and killing the sniper. Surveying the situation, Hathcock concluded that the only feasible way he could have put the bullet straight down the enemy's scope and through his eye would have been if both snipers were zeroing in on each other at the same time, and Hathcock fired first, which gave him only a few seconds to act. In theory, the two snipers could have killed each other simultaneously. The enemy rifle was recovered and the incident is documented by a photograph.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}

Hathcock only once removed the white feather from his bush hat while deployed in Vietnam. During a volunteer mission on his first deployment, he crawled over a thousand meters of field to shoot a commanding NVA general. He wasn't informed of the details of the mission until he was en route to his insertion point aboard a helicopter. This effort took four days and three nights, without sleep, of constant inch-by-inch crawling. In Carlos's words, one enemy soldier (or "hamburger" as Carlos called them), "shortly after sunset", almost stepped on him as he lay camouflaged with grass and vegetation in a meadow. At one point he was nearly bitten by a [[bamboo viper]] but had the presence of mind to not move and give up his position.<ref> Sasser, Charles and Craig Roberts. ''One Shot, One Kill'', New York: Pocket Books, 1990. p.208. (ISBN 0-671-68219-9)</ref> As the general was stretching in the morning, Carlos fired in the chest killing him. He had to crawl back instead of run when soldiers started searching.

After the arduous mission of killing the general, Hathcock returned to the United States in 1967. However, he missed being away from the Marine Corps and returned to Vietnam in 1969, where he took command of a platoon of snipers.

Hathcock generally used the standard sniper rifle: The Winchester Model 70 .30-06 caliber rifle with the standard Unertl scope. On some occasions, however, he used a different weapon: the .50-caliber [[M2 Browning Machine Gun]], on which he mounted the Unertl scope, using a bracket of his own design. This weapon was accurate to 2500 yards in single-fire mode. At one point, he took careful aim at a courier carrying a load of assault rifles and ammunition on a bicycle. He had second thoughts when he saw a 12-year-old boy in his sights, but after considering the intended use of those weapons, he fired, hitting the bicycle frame. The boy tumbled over the handlebars, grabbed a gun and came up firing. Another shot put him down. (Source ''Marine Sniper,'' Chapter 1.)

Hathcock's career as a sniper came to a sudden end outside [[Khe Sanh]] in 1969, when the [[amphibious vehicle|amphibious tractor]] he was riding on struck an [[anti-tank mine]]. Hathcock pulled seven Marines off the flame-engulfed vehicle before jumping to safety. He came out of the incident with severe burns over ninety percent of his body, 43% of which were third-degree burns <ref> Charles Henderson. ''Marine Sniper'', New York: Berkley Books, 1986. p.284. (ISBN 0-425-18165-0)</ref>. He was evacuated to [[Brooke Army Medical Center]] in [[Texas]], where he underwent 13 [[skin graft]] operations. His injuries left him unable to perform effectively in combat with a rifle. He was told he would be recommended for the [[Silver Star]], but he stated that he had only done what anyone there would have if they were awake, so he rejected any commendation for his bravery. Nearly 30 years later he was awarded the Silver Star, the U.S. military's third-highest award.

Hathcock said in a book written about his career as a sniper: "I like shooting, and I love hunting. But I never did enjoy killing anybody. It's my job. If I don't get those bastards, then they're gonna kill a lot of these kids we got dressed up like Marines. That's just the way I see it."

== After Vietnam ==
After returning from active duty, Hathcock helped establish a scout and sniper school at the Marine base in [[Marine Corps Base Quantico|Quantico, Virginia]]. Due to his extreme injuries suffered in Vietnam, he was in nearly constant pain, but he continued to dedicate himself to teaching snipers. In 1975, Hathcock's health began to deteriorate and he was diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]] — an incurable, degenerative nerve disorder. He stayed in the Corps but his health continued to decline and was forced to retire just 55 days short of the 20 years that would have made him eligible for 50% retirement pay. Being medically retired, he received 100% disability. He fell into a state of depression when he was forced out of the Marines because he felt as if the service kicked him out, which he later realized wasn't true. During this depression his wife, Jo, almost left him, but she finally decided to stay. Hathcock eventually picked up the hobby of shark fishing with the locals, which is accredited to helping his depression.<ref> Charles Henderson. ''Marine Sniper'', New York: Berkley Books, 1986. p.306. (ISBN 0-425-18165-0)</ref> Hathcock often paid visits to the sniper training facility at Quantico, where he was welcomed by students and instructors alike as being "bigger than life" due to his status in shooting circles.

Hathcock once said that he survived in his work because of an ability to "get in the bubble," to put himself into a state of "[[Flow (psychology)|utter, complete, absolute concentration]]," first with his equipment, then his environment, in which every breeze and every leaf meant something, and finally on his quarry.<ref name=”NRA” </ref>{{cite web
| last = Lantz
| first = Gary
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = White Feather
| work = America's 1st Freedom
| publisher = National Rifle Association
| date =
| url = http://www.nrapublications.org/first%20freedom/Whitefeather.asp
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-17}}</ref>

After the war, a friend showed Hathcock a passage written by [[Ernest Hemingway]]: "Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man, and those who have hunted armed men long enough and like it, never really care for anything else thereafter." He copied Hemingway's words on a piece of paper. "He got that right," Hathcock said. "It was the hunt, not the killing."{{Fact|date=March 2007}}

Hathcock died on [[February 23]], [[1999]], in [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]], after a long struggle with [[multiple sclerosis]].

== Decorations ==
*[[Image:Silver Star BAR.svg|60px]]  [[Silver Star]]
*[[Image:Purple Heart BAR.svg|60px]]  [[Purple Heart]]

== Legacy ==
Hathcock remains a legend within the U.S. Marines. The Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock Award is presented annually to the Marine who does the most to promote [[marksmanship]] training.<ref>[http://www.usmc.mil/maradmins/maradmin2000.nsf/0872a7ac9a4c08a6852569b9000bc3f1/1f2e49b79ed0cb3e8525713f005a346b?OpenDocument MARADMIN 148/06 - 2006 CAPITAL MARINE USMC AND USN ENLISTED AWARDS], United States Marine Corps, 3/28/2006.</ref> A sniper range is also named for Hathcock at [[Camp Lejeune]], [[North Carolina]].

In 1967, Hathcock set the record for the 20th century's longest combat kill with a [[M2 Browning machine gun|Browning M2]] [[.50 BMG]] machine gun mounting a telescopic sight. The distance was 2,286 meters or 1.42 miles. Hathcock was one of several individuals to utilize the Browning M2 machine gun in the sniping role. This success led to the adoption of the [[.50 BMG]] cartridge as a viable anti-personnel and anti-equipment sniper round. Sniper rifles have been designed for this round.

The record stood until the 21st century, when in 2002 it was broken during [[Operation Anaconda]] in [[Afganistan]] by a [[Canada|Canadian]] three-man sniper team led by [[Master Corporal]] [[Graham Ragsdale]] from the [[Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry]] (PPCLI). The record itself was set by Corporal [[Rob Furlong]] with a shot of 2,430 meters from a [[McMillan TAC-50]] Long-Range Sniper Weapon on a [[Taliban]] fighter.

On [[March 9]], [[2007]], the rifle and pistol complex at [[Marine Corps Air Station Miramar]] was officially renamed the '''Carlos Hathcock Range Complex'''.<ref name=”USMC Hist” </ref>>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Range complex named after famous Vietnam sniper
| work = Marine Corps News
| publisher = United States Marine Corps
| date =
| url = http://www.usmc.mil/marinelink/mcn2000.nsf/main5/64C488909A38F5AA852572AD005CF25C?opendocument
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-03-30}}</ref>

Hathcock was the subject of four books:
* ''One Shot, One Kill'' by Charles W. Sasser and Craig Roberts tells the stories of several snipers, including Hathcock.
* ''White Feather: Carlos Hathcock, USMC Scout Sniper--an Authorized Biographical Memoir'' by Roy F. and Norman A. Chandler.
* ''Silent Warrior'' by Charles W. Henderson.
* ''Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills'' by Charles W. Henderson
===MythBusters===
In an episode of the fourth season of the television show ''[[MythBusters]]'' ([[MythBusters (season 4)#Firearms Folklore|29 November 2006, Episode 67]]), hosts [[Adam Savage]] and [[Jamie Hyneman]] attempted to test the feasibility of shooting through the scope of another rifle, citing the confirmed Hathcock incident of shooting a North Vietnamese sniper through his victim's scope. They were unable to replicate the results in the story using the modern equipment they had on hand, so they declared the myth "busted." However, they did not replicate the exact conditions of Hathcock's combat incident. The MythBusters did not take into consideration powder loads, bullet weight, muzzle velocity, angle, or variations in air pressure and density. On the show, they conceded that they were not shooting at the same scope that Hathcock shot at and stated that under the exactly ideal conditions and with extreme luck, the shot may have been possible. In the episode aired on [[March 21]] [[2007]], the MythBusters revisited this myth and confirmed that it was possible, however had to use armor-piercing rounds to fully penetrate the scope. They used a vintage scope this time, which was smaller than modern scopes, and Jamie successfully fired a bullet through the scope. The bullet penetrated the ballistic gel dummy's face to a depth of two inches, which would be lethal to a human. However, it should be noted that on the [[March 21]] [[2007]] episode, that Jamie used an [[M1 Garand]], whereas Hathcock used a [[Winchester Model 70]] chambered in .30-06 Springfield, and utilized armor-piercing ammunition.

== In fictional works==

*There is a nod to Hathcock in the movie, ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''. Steven Spielberg stated, "the idea of a sniper putting a bullet through another sniper's scope came from the true story of Carlos Hathcock, who killed a Vietcong sniper who was stalking him by putting a bullet through the sniper's scope".

*There is also a reference to Hathcock in the television show [[NCIS (TV series)|''NCIS'']] during the episode "One Shot One Kill", a small white feather is found at the crime scenes of a sniper's victims.

*The protagonist of [[Stephen Hunter]]'s ''[[Bob Lee Swagger]] Trilogy'' (consisting of the novels ''[[Point of Impact]]'', ''[[Black Light (Novel)|Black Light]]'', and ''[[Time to Hunt]]'') is loosely based on Carlos Hathcock. The film ''[[Shooter (2007 film)|Shooter]]'' is based on Stephen Hunter's work.

*The movie ''Sniper''<ref>{{imdb title|title=Sniper|id=0108171}}</ref> features actor [[Tom Berenger]] shooting the enemy sniper through his own scope. This is probably based on Hathcock's story as well (Berenger's character was loosely based on Hathcock).

* The character of Vassili Zaitsev in the 2001 movie [[Enemy_at_the_Gates | ''Enemy at the Gates'']] comes across a dead sniper that has been shot in the head through the scope.

*In the episode 14 of the anime ''[[Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG|Ghost In The Shell: Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG]]'', Section 9 member [[Saito (Ghost in the Shell)|Saito]] is shot through the scope of his Seburo SR50 bolt-action sniper rifle during his freelancer days in the Central/South American campaign, a tactic by [[Motoko Kusanagi]] similar to that used by Hathcock.

*The movie ''[[RoboCop 2]]'' contains a segment where the camera is from the point of view of the sniper scope. The sniper is looking at RoboCop, who turns around and shoots the enemy, the bullet going through the sniper scope.

*In [[Frank Miller (comics)|Frank Miller]]'s graphic novel, ''[[Sin City]]'', episode "[[To Hell and Back]]", protagonist Wallace shoots a sniper in the head, the bullet entering through the sniper's rifle scope.

*In [[John Ringo]]'s book, ''[[Unto the Breach]]'' (of the ''[[Paladin of Shadows]]'' series), it is stated about the sniper Lasko "He was going to beat Hathcock's record, probably within the next fifteen minutes. And that was the killer app in the sniper world."

*In The 'Nam #52: The Punisher Invades The 'Nam #1 <ref>[Salick, Roger (w), Harris, Mike (p), Palmiotti, James (i).] "The Long Sticks: Part One." The 'Nam v1 #52: The Punisher Invades The 'Nam #1 (January 1991), Marvel Comics.</ref>, Frank Castle is using a M2 Browning Machine-gun mounted with a scope during a shooting contest out to 2500 yards and hits the dummy. Later he is called out to kill an enemy sniper called "The Monkey." He is dropped off in the brush and crawls "one inch at a time" for 1000 yards to approach the camp to avoid detection by the enemy N.V.A. he calls "hamburgers." On his way he encounters an N.V.A. patrol which he eliminates and a "bamboo viper" which almost bites him before slithering away. He then kills a soldier whom he presumes is the Monkey but is caught on the way out by the real Monkey. In the end of The 'Nam #53: The Punisher Invades The 'Nam #2, it is only Castle versus The Monkey and one more N.V.A soldier. The soldier is sent out to force Castle into firing so the Monkey will know his position. Castle kills the soldier but tricks the Monkey into firing at the lenses of Castle's binoculars which threw off the muzzle flash. Using the flash from the Monkey's shot, Castle then shoots the Monkey through the scope of his rifle.<ref>[Salick, Roger (w), Harris, Mike (p), Palmiotti, James (i).] "The Long Sticks: Part Two." The 'Nam v1 #53: The Punisher Invades The 'Nam #2 (February 1991), Marvel Comics.</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|United States Marine Corps|USMC_logo.svg}}
*[[List of Historically Important U.S. Marines]]
* [[Jack Coughlin]], a retired Marine sniper with over 60 confirmed kills whose service includes Iraq and Somalia.
* [[M40 sniper rifle]], the Marine Corps sniper rifle used by Hathcock.
* [[Chuck Mawhinney]] holds the highest number of confirmed kills (103) for any [[USMC]] sniper in history.
* [[Billy Sing]], an Australian [[World War I]] sniper who had an unconfirmed 201 kills.
* [[Simo Häyhä]], a Finnish [[World War II]] sniper holds the world record of 505 confirmed kills.
* [[Adelbert Waldron]], who holds the record for the most confirmed kills in U.S. military history, with 109 kills in Vietnam.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Henderson, Charles W. ''Marine Sniper'', Stein and Day Publishers, 1986. (ISBN 0-425-10355-2)
* Henderson, Charles W. '' Silent Warrior'', Berkley, 2003. (ISBN 0-425-18864-7)
* Chandler, Roy F. ''Carlos Hathcock "Whitefeather"'', Iron Brigade Armory Publishing, 1997. (ISBN 1-885633-09-2)

==External links==
* [http://www.grunt.com/scuttlebutt/corps-stories/heroes/carloshathcock.asp Marine Corps Sniper Carlos N. Hathcock], ''Marine Corps Heroes''.
* [http://www.marinescoutsniper.com/sniperpages/Carlos.html Carlos Hathcock], Sniper Central.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hathcock, Carlos}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:United States Marines]]
[[Category:People from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Purple Heart medal]]
[[Category:Military snipers]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star medal]]

[[it:Carlos Hathcock]]
[[ja:カルロス・ハスコック]]
[[ru:Хэскок, Карлос Норман]]
[[sl:Carlos Norman Hathcock]]

Joey Chestnut

2007-10-29T14:57:35Z

12.20.128.3: /* Eating history */

{{Infobox Person
| name = Joey Chestnut
| image = Joeychestnut.jpg
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1983|11|25}}
| birth_place = [[Vallejo, California]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation =
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}
'''Joseph Christian "Jaws" Chestnut''' (born [[November 25]], [[1983]]) is a [[competitive eater]] from [[San Jose, California]], currently ranked first in the world by the [[International Federation of Competitive Eating]]. On [[July 4]], [[2007]], he won the 92nd Annual [[Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest]], beating six-time defending champion [[Takeru Kobayashi|Takeru "Tsunami" Kobayashi]] by consuming 66 HDBs (hot dogs and buns) in twelve minutes, which set a new world record. On [[June 2]], [[2007]], during the Southwest Regional qualifier for Nathan's contest at [[Arizona Mills]] Mall in [[Tempe, AZ]], he set the previous world record by eating 59.5 HDBs ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEpvZUqkTss Video]).

==Eating history==
The [[San José State University]] student entered the competitive eating scene in 2005 with a break-out performance in the deep-fried [[asparagus]] eating championship, in which he beat high-ranked eater [[Rich LeFevre]] by eating 6.3 pounds of asparagus in 11.5 minutes. That same year, during Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest, Chestnut downed 52 HDBs (hot dogs and buns), placing second behind [[Takeru Kobayashi]].

Chestnut continued to impress the public by beating [[Sonya Thomas]] in the Waffle House World Waffle Eating Championship and placing second to her in a [[Krystal Square Off]] World Hamburger Eating Championship qualifier, downing 56 Krystal Burgers in eight minutes to her 57. He later beat her by eating 91 hamburgers in the Finals, a close second to the 97 hamburgers consumed by Kobayashi

Chestnut qualified for the 2006 Nathan's Contest by eating 50 HDBs. As July 4 approached, there was speculation that 2006 might be the year when Kobayashi would be beaten. It was not to be, however. Although Chestnut turned in a great performance, leading Kobayashi through most of the contest, the final tally put Chestnut at 52 and Kobayashi at 53 3/4 (a new world record).

In 2007, Chestnut won the [[Wing Bowl]] XV, another installment of the annual [[Philadelphia]] event at the [[Wachovia Center]]. In this competition, he ate 182 [[chicken wings]] in 30 minutes, a Wing Bowl record.

Furthermore, he is currently one of the few to successfully complete the [[gallon challenge|gallon of milk challenge]] (in 41 seconds).

On [[July 4]], [[2007]], Chestnut and Kobayashi battled the field in a record-setting hot dog eating battle in [[Coney Island]], [[Brooklyn, New York]], at Nathan's Contest. Chestnut knocked off Kobayashi 66-63, leading to the latter's first defeat in the contest in six years. The final moments were too close to call, and the judges were involved in the count. The 66 HDBs eaten are now both the Nathan's and the World Record.

On [[October 28]], [[2007]] between 2:33 and 2:41, Chestnut ate 103 [[Krystals]] in the Krystal Square Off World Hamburger Eating Championship in [[Chattanooga]] [[Tennessee]]. This was Mr. Chestnut's personal best, and is the new world record.

==World records==
*[[Sandwiches]]: 59 Peanutbutter cheese sandwiches in 10 minutes on [[june 19]] [[2005]]

*[[Waffle]]s: 18.5 Waffles (8 oz.) in 10 minutes at Waffle House in Atlanta, GA, on [[September 4]], [[2005]].

*[[Grilled Cheese Sandwich]]es: 47 sandwiches in 10 minutes at the [[Thomas & Mack Center]] in [[Las Vegas, NV]] on [[June 10]], [[2006]].

*[[Ribs (food)|Pork Ribs]]: 8.4 pounds pork rib meat in 12 minutes at Chinook Winds on [[July 16]], [[2006]].

*[[Horseshoe sandwich|Horseshoe Sandwiches]]: 6 pounds, 5 ounces of horseshoe sandwiches at the [[Illinois State Fair]] on [[August 12]], [[2006]].

*[[Gyoza]]: 212 chicken and vegetable gyoza during [[Nisei Week]] in [[Little Tokyo]] in 10 minutes on [[August 19]], [[2006]].

*[[Pulled pork|Pulled Pork]]: 9 pounds, 6 ounces in 10 minutes in [[Council Bluffs, IA]] on [[September 16]], [[2006]].

*[[Chicken Wings]]: 182 Wings at [[Wing Bowl]] XV in [[Philadelphia, PA]], on [[February 2]], [[2007]].

*[[Asparagus]]: 8.6 pounds of tempura-fried asparagus at the Asparagus Festival in [[Stockton, CA]], on [[April 28]], [[2007]].

*[[Chicken Wings]]: 7.05 pounds of Wings in 12 minutes in [[New York City]] on [[May 21]], [[2007]].

*[[Hot Dogs]]: 66 hot dogs in 12 minutes in [[Coney Island|Coney Island, Brooklyn, NY]] on [[July 4]], [[2007]].

*[[Hamburgers]]: 103 Krystal Hamburgers in 8 minutes on [[october 28]], [[2007]].

==External links==
* [http://www.ifoce.com/eaters.php?action=detail&sn=106 International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE) profile]
* [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/sioncampus/07/05/nathans.hotdog/index.html Sports Illustrated feature on 2006 contest]
* [http://www.thewavemag.com/pagegen.php?pagename=article&articleid=26088 The Wave Magazine profile and interview]
*[http://www.foodbanknyc.org/index.cfm?objectid=E8A8E473-FF43-391F-1C91FE6FEF5AAF8E&flushcache=1 Photos from the TripRewards 2007 Ultimate Hotwing Eating Contest]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chestnut, Joey}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:American competitive eaters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from San Jose, California]]
[[Category:People from Vallejo, California]]
[[Category:World record holders]]

Joey Chestnut

2007-10-29T14:56:28Z

12.20.128.3: /* Eating history */

{{Infobox Person
| name = Joey Chestnut
| image = Joeychestnut.jpg
| birth_date ={{birth date and age|1983|11|25}}
| birth_place = [[Vallejo, California]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation =
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}
'''Joseph Christian "Jaws" Chestnut''' (born [[November 25]], [[1983]]) is a [[competitive eater]] from [[San Jose, California]], currently ranked first in the world by the [[International Federation of Competitive Eating]]. On [[July 4]], [[2007]], he won the 92nd Annual [[Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest]], beating six-time defending champion [[Takeru Kobayashi|Takeru "Tsunami" Kobayashi]] by consuming 66 HDBs (hot dogs and buns) in twelve minutes, which set a new world record. On [[June 2]], [[2007]], during the Southwest Regional qualifier for Nathan's contest at [[Arizona Mills]] Mall in [[Tempe, AZ]], he set the previous world record by eating 59.5 HDBs ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEpvZUqkTss Video]).

==Eating history==
The [[San José State University]] student entered the competitive eating scene in 2005 with a break-out performance in the deep-fried [[asparagus]] eating championship, in which he beat high-ranked eater [[Rich LeFevre]] by eating 6.3 pounds of asparagus in 11.5 minutes. That same year, during Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest, Chestnut downed 52 HDBs (hot dogs and buns), placing second behind [[Takeru Kobayashi]].

Chestnut continued to impress the public by beating [[Sonya Thomas]] in the Waffle House World Waffle Eating Championship and placing second to her in a [[Krystal Square Off]] World Hamburger Eating Championship qualifier, downing 56 Krystal Burgers in eight minutes to her 57. He later beat her by eating 91 hamburgers in the Finals, a close second to the 97 hamburgers consumed by Kobayashi

Chestnut qualified for the 2006 Nathan's Contest by eating 50 HDBs. As July 4 approached, there was speculation that 2006 might be the year when Kobayashi would be beaten. It was not to be, however. Although Chestnut turned in a great performance, leading Kobayashi through most of the contest, the final tally put Chestnut at 52 and Kobayashi at 53 3/4 (a new world record).

In 2007, Chestnut won the [[Wing Bowl]] XV, another installment of the annual [[Philadelphia]] event at the [[Wachovia Center]]. In this competition, he ate 182 [[chicken wings]] in 30 minutes, a Wing Bowl record.

Furthermore, he is currently one of the few to successfully complete the [[gallon challenge|gallon of milk challenge]] (in 41 seconds).

On [[July 4]], [[2007]], Chestnut and Kobayashi battled the field in a record-setting hot dog eating battle in [[Coney Island]], [[Brooklyn, New York]], at Nathan's Contest. Chestnut knocked off Kobayashi 66-63, leading to the latter's first defeat in the contest in six years. The final moments were too close to call, and the judges were involved in the count. The 66 HDBs eaten are now both the Nathan's and the World Record.

On [[October 28]], [[2007]] between 2:33 and 2:41, Chestnut ate 103 [[Krystals]] in the Krystal Square Off World Hamburger Eating Championship in [[Chattanooga]] [[Tennessee]]. This was Mr. Chestnut's personal best, and is the new world record. "Humble Bob" was the surprising cinderella story, eating 95 of the little hamburgers in the 8 minute contest.

==World records==
*[[Sandwiches]]: 59 Peanutbutter cheese sandwiches in 10 minutes on [[june 19]] [[2005]]

*[[Waffle]]s: 18.5 Waffles (8 oz.) in 10 minutes at Waffle House in Atlanta, GA, on [[September 4]], [[2005]].

*[[Grilled Cheese Sandwich]]es: 47 sandwiches in 10 minutes at the [[Thomas & Mack Center]] in [[Las Vegas, NV]] on [[June 10]], [[2006]].

*[[Ribs (food)|Pork Ribs]]: 8.4 pounds pork rib meat in 12 minutes at Chinook Winds on [[July 16]], [[2006]].

*[[Horseshoe sandwich|Horseshoe Sandwiches]]: 6 pounds, 5 ounces of horseshoe sandwiches at the [[Illinois State Fair]] on [[August 12]], [[2006]].

*[[Gyoza]]: 212 chicken and vegetable gyoza during [[Nisei Week]] in [[Little Tokyo]] in 10 minutes on [[August 19]], [[2006]].

*[[Pulled pork|Pulled Pork]]: 9 pounds, 6 ounces in 10 minutes in [[Council Bluffs, IA]] on [[September 16]], [[2006]].

*[[Chicken Wings]]: 182 Wings at [[Wing Bowl]] XV in [[Philadelphia, PA]], on [[February 2]], [[2007]].

*[[Asparagus]]: 8.6 pounds of tempura-fried asparagus at the Asparagus Festival in [[Stockton, CA]], on [[April 28]], [[2007]].

*[[Chicken Wings]]: 7.05 pounds of Wings in 12 minutes in [[New York City]] on [[May 21]], [[2007]].

*[[Hot Dogs]]: 66 hot dogs in 12 minutes in [[Coney Island|Coney Island, Brooklyn, NY]] on [[July 4]], [[2007]].

*[[Hamburgers]]: 103 Krystal Hamburgers in 8 minutes on [[october 28]], [[2007]].

==External links==
* [http://www.ifoce.com/eaters.php?action=detail&sn=106 International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE) profile]
* [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/sioncampus/07/05/nathans.hotdog/index.html Sports Illustrated feature on 2006 contest]
* [http://www.thewavemag.com/pagegen.php?pagename=article&articleid=26088 The Wave Magazine profile and interview]
*[http://www.foodbanknyc.org/index.cfm?objectid=E8A8E473-FF43-391F-1C91FE6FEF5AAF8E&flushcache=1 Photos from the TripRewards 2007 Ultimate Hotwing Eating Contest]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chestnut, Joey}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:American competitive eaters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from San Jose, California]]
[[Category:People from Vallejo, California]]
[[Category:World record holders]]

Commonwealth (Bundesstaaten der Vereinigten Staaten)

2006-11-14T17:00:53Z

12.20.128.3: /* Commonwealth of Kentucky */

:''This article is about U.S. States that designate themselves as "Commonwealths". For usage relating to U.S. insular areas, see [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)]]. For other uses of the term, see [[Commonwealth]].''

Four of the constituent [[U.S. state|states]] of the [[United States]] officially designate themselves '''Commonwealths''': [[Kentucky]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Virginia]]. This designation, which has no constitutional impact, emphasizes that they have a "government based on the common consent of the people" as opposed to one legitimized through their earlier [[Royal Colony]] status that was derived from the [[King of England]]. (The word ''commonwealth'' is of English derivation and refers to the common "weal" or welfare of the public.) In common parlance, people do not make the distinction between ''state'' or ''commonwealth''.

==Commonwealth of Kentucky==
<div style="float: right;padding:5px">[[Image:Flag of Kentucky.svg|100px]]</div>
In [[1785]], residents of [[Kentucky County]] began petitioning the [[Virginia]] legislature for statehood. They wished the County to be recognized as a "free and independent state, to be known by the name of the ''Commonwealth'' of Kentucky." On [[June 4]], [[1792]], [[Kentucky County]], Kentucky became officially the "Commonwealth of Kentucky." The [[Kentucky Constitution|Constitution]] was changed as to the style for "all process and mandates" to "Commonwealth of Kentucky" in [[1850]]; prior to that change "State of Kentucky" was used.<small>[http://www.kdla.ky.gov/resources/KYCommonwealth.htm]</small>
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==Commonwealth of Massachusetts==
<div style="float: right;padding:5px">[[Image:Flag of Massachusetts.svg |100px]]</div>
Massachusetts is officially named "The Commonwealth of Massachusetts" by its [[Massachusetts Constitution|constitution]]. The name "''State of Massachusetts Bay''" was used in all acts and resolves up to 1780 and the first draft of the constitution. The current name can be traced to the second draft of the state constitution, which was written by [[John Adams]] and ratified in [[1780]].<small>[http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm]</small>
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==Commonwealth of Pennsylvania==
<div style="float: right;padding:5px">[[Image:Flag of Pennsylvania.svg|100px]]</div>
The [[Seal of Pennsylvania]] does not use the term, but legal processes are in the name of the Commonwealth and it is a traditional official designation used in referring to the state. In 1776, Pennsylvania's first state constitution referred to it as both "Commonwealth" and "State," a pattern of usage that was perpetuated in the constitutions of 1790, 1838, 1874, and 1968.<small>[http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/pahist/symbols.asp?secid=31]</small>

A detailed [http://www.dos.state.pa.us/dos/lib/dos/history/history_of_dos_rendell_admin.pdf history] describing the origins of Pennsylvania's government, including its designation as a commonwealth from colonial times, is available from the Secretary of State's office.
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==Commonwealth of Virginia==
<div style="float: right;padding:5px">[[Image:Flag of Virginia.svg|100px]]</div>
The name "Commonwealth of Virginia" dates back to its independence from [[Great Britain]]. Virginia's first constitution (adopted on June 29, 1776) directed that "Commissions and Grants shall run, In the Name of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and bear taste by the Governor with the Seal of the Commonwealth annexed." The [[Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia|Secretary of the Commonwealth]] still issues commissions in this manner. Among other references, the constitution furthermore dictated that criminal indictments were to conclude "against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth."
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==See also==
*[[Secretary of the Commonwealth]]
*[[Commonwealth of England]]

[[Category:Forms of government]]
[[Category:Government of Kentucky]]
[[Category:Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Virginia]]