https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=12.107.188.5Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]2025-05-16T11:49:10ZBenutzerbeiträgeMediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.1https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:Ichwerdennsonstthebest/DirectShow&diff=210727032Benutzer:Ichwerdennsonstthebest/DirectShow2010-10-26T19:50:40Z<p>12.107.188.5: /* Reception */</p>
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<div>[[Image:Dxmlogomsmall.png|thumb|upright|Logo of the DirectX Media SDK – the first time DirectShow was distributed under its current name.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}]]<br />
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'''DirectShow''' (sometimes abbreviated as '''DS''' or '''DShow'''), codename '''Quartz''', is a [[multimedia framework]] and [[application programming interface|API]] produced by [[Microsoft]] for [[software developer]]s to perform various operations with media files or streams. It is the replacement for Microsoft's earlier [[Video for Windows]] technology.<ref name="QuartzIntro">{{cite news|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc301631.aspx |title=Core Media Technology in Windows XP Empowers You to Create Custom Audio/Video Processing Components|author=Blome, Michael; Wasson, Mike|work=MSDN Magazine|publisher=Microsoft|month=July|year=2002|accessdate=2007-04-02}}</ref> Based on the [[Microsoft Windows]] [[Component Object Model]] (COM) framework, DirectShow provides a common interface for media across various [[programming language]]s, and is an extensible, [[Filter (software)|filter]]-based framework that can render or record media files on demand at the request of the user or developer. The DirectShow development tools and documentation were originally distributed as part of the [[DirectX]] [[SDK]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Currently, they are distributed as part of the [[Windows SDK]] (formerly known as the Platform SDK).<ref name="DShowMSDN">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783323.aspx|title=DirectShow documentation|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|date=2006-01-01|accessdate=2006-01-01}}</ref><br />
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DirectShow's counterparts on other platforms include [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[QuickTime]] framework and various Linux multimedia frameworks such as [[GStreamer]] or [[Xine]]. Microsoft plans to completely replace DirectShow gradually with [[Media Foundation]] in future Windows versions.{{Why?|date=August 2010}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa468614.aspx|title=Migrating from DirectShow to Media Foundation|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|month=July|year=2006|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] applications use Media Foundation instead of DirectShow for several media related tasks.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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== History ==<br />
The direct predecessor of DirectShow, [[ActiveMovie]] (codenamed Quartz), was originally chartered to provide [[MPEG-1]] file playback support for Windows. It was also intended as a future replacement for media processing frameworks like [[Video for Windows]], which had never been designed to handle [[codec]]s that put video frames into a different order during the compression process, and the [[Media Control Interface]], which had never been fully ported to a 32-bit environment and did not utilize COM.<ref name="QuartzIntro"/><br />
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The Quartz team started with an existing project called Clockwork.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Clockwork was a modular media processing framework in which semi-independent components worked together to process digital media streams, and had previously been used in several projects, including the Microsoft Interactive Television (MITV) project and another project named Tiger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/papers/mitv/tr-97-18.html|title=The Microsoft Interactive TV System: An Experience Report|author=B. Jones, Michael|work=Microsoft Research|publisher=Microsoft|month=July|year=1997|accessdate=2007-04-02}}</ref><br />
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ActiveMovie was announced in March 1996, and released in May 1996, bundled with the beta version of [[Internet Explorer 3]].0.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1996/mar96/actmovpr.mspx|title=Microsoft Announces ActiveMovie|publisher=Microsoft|date=1996-03-05|accessdate=2006-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release| url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1996/may96/ie3btapr.mspx|title=Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 Beta Now Available|publisher=Microsoft|date=1996-05-29|accessdate=2006-12-31}}</ref> In March 1997, Microsoft announced that ActiveMovie would become part of the [[DirectX]] 5 suite of technologies, and around July started referring to it as DirectShow, reflecting Microsoft's efforts at the time to consolidate technologies that worked directly with hardware under a common naming scheme.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1997/mar97/mmapipr.mspx|title=Microsoft Unveils First Unified Multimedia API Strategy|publisher=Microsoft|date=1997-03-31| accessdate=2006-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1997/Jul97/pronetpr3_95.mspx|title=Microsoft and Progressive Networks Collaborate on Streaming Media|publisher=Microsoft| date=1997-07-21|accessdate=2006-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://craig.theeislers.com/2006/02/directx_then_and_now_part_1.php|title=DirectX Then and Now|author=Eisler, Craig|work=Craig's Musings|date=2006-02-20|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> DirectShow became a standard component of all Windows operating systems starting with [[Windows 98]];<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1997/dec97/dshwspr.mspx|title=Microsoft Releases DirectShow SDK - Universal Playback for DVD, Digital Video and Audio, and the Internet|publisher=Microsoft|date=1997-12-10|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> however it is available on [[Windows 95]] by installing the latest available DirectX redistributable.<ref name="DShowFAQ">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd375463(VS.85).aspx|title=DirectShow FAQ|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|date=2010-07-06|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> In DirectX version 8.0, DirectShow became part of the mainline distribution of the DirectX SDK and was placed alongside other DirectX APIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms867154.aspx|title=FAQs about the DirectShow and Windows Media SDKs|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|month=December|year=2001|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref><br />
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In October 2004, DirectShow was removed from the main DirectX distribution and relocated to the DirectX Extras download.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} In April 2005, DirectShow was removed entirely from DirectX and moved to the Windows Server 2003 SP1 version of the Microsoft Platform SDK.<ref name="DShowMSDN"/> The DirectX SDK was, however, still required to build some of the DirectShow samples.<ref name="dsmustdx">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783352(VS.85).aspx|title=DirectX Samples|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|date=2005-09-11|accessdate=2005-09-11}}</ref><br />
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Since November 2007, DirectShow APIs are part of the [[Windows SDK]]. It includes several new enhancements, codecs and filter updates such as the EVR (Enhanced Video Renderer) and DXVA 2.0 (DirectX Video Acceleration).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd390976(VS.85).aspx|title=What's New in DirectShow Windows Vista|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|date=2006-11-08|accessdate=2006-11-08}}</ref><br />
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== Architecture ==<br />
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DirectShow divides a complex multimedia task (e.g. video playback) into a sequence of fundamental processing steps known as [[Filter (software)|filters]].<ref>[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms786509(VS.85).aspx Introduction to DirectShow application programming]</ref><ref>[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783354(VS.85).aspx DirectShow system overview]</ref> Each filter — which represents one stage in the processing of the data — has input and/or output ''pins'' that may be used to connect the filter to other filters. The generic nature of this connection mechanism enables filters to be connected in various ways so as to implement different complex functions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms778825(VS.85).aspx|title=About DirectShow filters|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> To implement a specific complex task, a developer must first build a [[filter graph]] by creating instances of the required filters, and then connecting the filters together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783701(VS.85).aspx|title=Overview of graph building|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref><br />
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There are three main types of filters:<br />
* ''Source filters'': These provide the source streams of data. For example, reading raw bytes from any media file.<br />
* ''Transform filters'': These transform data that is provided from other filter's output. For example, doing a transform such as adding text on top of video or uncompressing an MPEG frame.<br />
* ''Renderer filters'': These render the data. For example, sending audio to the sound card, drawing video on the screen or writing data to a file.<br />
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During the rendering process, the filter graph searches the [[Windows Registry]] for registered filters and builds its graph of filters based on the locations provided. After this, it connects the filters together, and, at the developer's request, executes (i.e., plays, pauses, etc.) the created graph.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} DirectShow filter graphs are widely used in video playback (in which the filters implement functions such as file parsing, video and audio demultiplexing, decompressing and rendering) as well as for video and audio recording, editing, encoding, transcoding or network transmission of media. Interactive tasks such as DVD navigation may also be controlled by DirectShow.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<!--whole paragraph citations needed--><br />
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[[Image:dsmp3graph.gif|thumb|center|962px|Filter graph of an [[mp3]] file, as rendered by the DirectShow sample in [[GraphEdit]], an application with a [[GUI]] for DirectShow used to visually build and test filter graphs.<ref name="GraphEdit">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd390950.aspx|title=Overview of GraphEdit|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> In this picture the boxes represent filters and the grey dots appearing on the sides of the filters represent pins.]]<br />
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In the above example, from left to right, the graph contains a ''source filter'' to read an MP3 file, [[Stream (computing)|stream]] splitter and decoder filters to parse and decode the audio, and a ''rendering filter'' to play the raw audio samples. Each filter has one or more pins that can be used to connect that filter to other filters. Every pin functions either as an output or input source for data to flow from one filter to another. Depending on the filter, data is either "pulled" from an input pin or "pushed" to an output pin in order to transfer data between filters. Each pin can only connect to one other pin and they have to agree on what kind of data they are sending.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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Most filters are built using a set of C++ classes provided in the DirectShow SDK, called the DirectShow Base Classes.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} These handle much of the creation, registration and connection logic for the filter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783325(VS.85).aspx|title=DirectShow Base Classes|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> For the filter graph to use filters automatically, they need to be registered in a separate DirectShow registry entry as well as being registered with COM. This registration can be managed by the DirectShow Base Classes. However, if the application adds the filters manually, they do not need to be registered at all.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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Unfortunately, it is difficult to modify a graph that is already running. It is usually easier to stop the graph and create a new graph from scratch. Starting with DirectShow 8.0, dynamic graph building, dynamic reconnection, and filter chains were introduced to help alter the graph while it was running.<ref name="DynamicGraphs">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783499(VS.85).aspx|title=Dynamic Graph Building|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> However, many filter vendors ignore this feature, making graph modification problematic after a graph has begun processing.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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== Features ==<br />
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By default, DirectShow includes a limited number of filters for decoding some common media file formats such as [[MPEG-1]], [[MP3]], [[Windows Media Audio]], [[Windows Media Video]], [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|MIDI]], [[Container format (digital)|media containers]] such as [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]], [[Advanced Systems Format|ASF]], [[WAV]], some splitters/demultiplexers, multiplexers, source and [[Sink (computing)|sink]] filters and some static image filters.<ref name="formats">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms787745(VS.85).aspx|title=Formats supported by default in DirectShow|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2005-09-11}}</ref> Since the associated patented technologies are licensed in Windows, no license fees are required (e.g., to [[Fraunhofer Society|Fraunhofer]], for MP3).{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Notably, support for popular and standard modern codecs such as [[MPEG-4|MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile]], [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[H.264]], [[Vorbis]] and containers [[Ogg]], [[MOV]], [[MP4]] is absent.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Incorporating support for additional codecs such as these can involve paying the licensing fees to the involved codec technology developer or patent holder.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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However, DirectShow's standard format repertoire can be easily expanded by means of a variety of commercial and open source filters. Such filters enable DirectShow to support virtually any container format and any audio or video codec.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} For example, filters have been developed for [[Ogg Vorbis]], [[Musepack]], and [[AC3]].<ref name="ovfilter">{{cite web|url=http://www.illiminable.com/ogg/|title=title=illiminable Directshow Filters for Ogg Vorbis, Speex, Theora and FLAC|accessdate=2006-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.monogram.sk/janos/directshow-filters/|title=Monogram's DirectShow filters for Musepack, AAC and AMR|accessdate=2008-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ac3filter.net/|title=AC3Filter|accessdate=2010-08-13}}</ref> Finally, there are "bridge" filters that simultaneously support multiple formats, as well as functions like stream multiplexing, by exposing the functionality of underlying multimedia APIs such as [[VLC media player|VLC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sensoray.com/support/videoLan.htm|author=Anderson, Dean; Lamberson, Jim|title=Using VideoLan VLC in DirectShow|work=An open source bridge from VLC to DirectShow|year=2007|accessdate=2008-02-15}}</ref><br />
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The amount of work required to implement a filter graph depends on several factors. In the simplest case, DirectShow can create a filter graph automatically from a source such as a file or URL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flipcode.com/archives/DirectShow_For_Media_Playback_In_Windows-Part_III_Customizing_Graphs.shtml|title=DirectShow For Media Playback In Windows - Part III: Customizing Graphs|author=Thompson, Chris|work=FLIPCODE.COM|date=2000-09-13|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref> If this is not possible, the developer may be able to manually create a filter graph from a source file, possibly with the addition of a custom filter, and then let DirectShow complete the filter graph by connecting the filters together. At the next level, the developer must build the filter graph from scratch by manually adding and connecting each desired filter. Finally, in cases where an essential filter is unavailable, the developer must create a custom filter before a filter graph can be built.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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Unlike the main C API of QuickTime where it is necessary to call MoviesTask in a loop to load a media file, DirectShow handles all of this in a transparent way. It creates several background threads that smoothly play the requested file or URL without much work required from the programmer.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Also in contrast to QuickTime, nothing special is required for loading a URL instead of a local file on disk – DirectShow's filter graph abstracts these details from the programmer, although recent developments in QuickTime (including an [[ActiveX control]]) have reduced this disparity.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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== DirectShow Editing Services ==<br />
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''DirectShow Editing Services'' (DES), introduced in DirectX 8.0/[[Windows XP]] is an API targeted at video editing tasks and built on top of the core DirectShow architecture. ''DirectShow Editing Services'' was introduced for Microsoft's [[Windows Movie Maker]].<ref name="QuartzIntro" /> It includes APIs for timeline and switching services, resizing, cropping, video and audio effects, as well as transitions, [[Keying (graphics)|keying]], automatic [[frame rate]] and [[sample rate conversion]] and such other features which are used in [[non-linear video editing]] allowing creation of composite media out of a number of source audio and video streams. DirectShow Editing Services allow higher-level run-time compositing, seeking support, and graph management, while still allowing applications to access lower-level DirectShow functions.<br />
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While the original API is in C++, DirectShow Editing Services is accessible in any other Microsoft .NET compatible language including Microsoft [[Microsoft Visual C Sharp|Visual C#]] and Microsoft [[Visual Basic .NET|Visual Basic]] by using a third-party code library called "DirectShowNet Library".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://directshownet.sourceforge.net/about.html|title=About DirectShowNet Library|work=DirectShowNet SourceForge Website|publisher=SourceForge|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref> Alternatively, the entire DirectShow API, including DirectShow Editing Services, can be accessed from [[Borland Delphi]] 5, 6 and 7, [[C++ Builder]] 6, and from later versions with a few minor modifications, using a third party software library called "DSPack".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.progdigy.com/?page_id=4|title=The DSPack Project|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref><br />
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== Video rendering filters ==<br />
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Originally, in [[Windows 9x]], DirectShow used the ''Video Renderer'' filter. This drew the images using [[DirectDraw]] 3, but could also fall back to [[Graphics Device Interface|GDI]] or [[Video overlay|overlay]] drawing modes in some circumstances (depending upon the visibility of the video window and the video card's capabilities).<ref name="DShowFAQ"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa916593.aspx|title=DirectShow Video Renderer Filter|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> It had limited access to the video window.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} [[Video for Windows]] had been plagued with [[deadlock]]s caused by applications' incorrect handling of the video windows, so in early DirectShow releases, the handle to the playback window was hidden from applications. There was also no reliable way to draw caption text or graphics on top of the video.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}<br />
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DirectShow 6.0, released as part of [[DirectX Media]] introduced the ''Overlay Mixer'' renderer designed for [[DVD]] playback and [[Broadcasting|broadcast]] video streams with [[closed captioning]] and [[subtitle]]s.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} The ''Overlay Mixer'' uses DirectDraw 5 for rendering.<ref name="DShowFAQ"/> Downstream connection with the ''Video Renderer'' is required for window management.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} ''Overlay Mixer'' also supports Video Port Extensions (VPE), enabling it to work with analog [[TV tuner card|TV tuners]] with overlay capability (sending video directly to a video card via an analog link rather than via the [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI bus]]). ''Overlay Mixer'' also supports [[DXVA]] connections.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Because it always renders in [[Video overlay|overlay]], full-screen video to [[TV-out]] is always activated.<br />
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[[Windows XP]] introduced a new filter called the ''Video Mixing Renderer 7'' (''VMR-7'' or sometimes just referred to as ''VMR''). The number 7 was because VMR-7 only used [[DirectDraw]] version 7 to render the video and did not have the option to use GDI drawing. The main new feature of VMR-7 was the ability to mix multiple streams and graphics with alpha blending, allowing applications to draw text and graphics over the video and support custom effects.<ref name="VMR-7">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms787917.aspx|title=Video Mixing Renderer 7 (VMR-7)|accessdate=September 11, 2005}}</ref> It also featured a "windowless mode" (access to the composited image before it is rendered) which fixed the problems with access to the window handle.<ref name="windowless mode">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms788128.aspx|title=VMR Windowless Mode|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2005-09-11}}</ref> VMR-7 was only officially released for [[Windows XP]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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DirectX 9 included ''VMR-9''. This version uses [[Direct3D]] 9 instead of DirectDraw, allowing developers to transform video images using the Direct3D pixel shaders.<ref name="VMR-9">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms787918.aspx|title=Video Mixing Renderer 9 (VMR-9)|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2005-09-11}}</ref> It is available for all Windows platforms as part of the DirectX 9 redistributable.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} As ''VMR-7'' it provides a Windowless Mode. However, unlike ''Overlay mixer'' or ''VMR-7'' it does not support video ports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd407344(VS.85).aspx|title=Video Mixing Renderer Filter 9|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2005-09-11}}</ref><br />
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[[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] ship with a new renderer, available as both a [[Media Foundation]] component and a DirectShow filter, called the ''Enhanced Video Renderer'' (''EVR'').<ref name="EVR">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms694916.aspx|title=Enhanced Video Renderer|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2007-02-28}}</ref> EVR is designed to work with [[Desktop Window Manager]] and supports [[DXVA|DXVA 2.0]], which is available on Windows Vista and Windows 7.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.microsoft.com/MSDN/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=2079713&SiteID=1|title=DXVA 1.0 translator|author=''Various''|work=MSDN Media Foundation forum|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} It offers better performance and better quality according to Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd374574(VS.85).aspx|title=Choosing the Right Video Renderer|work=MSDN Library|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2005-09-11}}</ref><br />
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== Reception ==<br />
===Awards===<br />
On January 8, 2007. Microsoft received the Emmy award for Streaming Media Architectures and Components at the 58th Annual Technology & Engineering EMMY Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmyonline.tv/releases/pdf/58th_Tech_Eng_winners.pdf|title=NATIONAL TELEVISION ACADEMY ANNOUNCES EMMY WINNING ACHIEVEMENTS: HONORS BESTOWED AT 58th ANNUAL TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING EMMY AWARDS|work=Emmy Award|publisher=National Television Academy|format=pdf|month=January|year=2007|accessdate=2007-01-08}}</ref><br />
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===Simplicity===<br />
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Commanding DirectShow to play a file is a relatively simple task. However, while programming more advanced customizations, such as commanding DirectShow to display certain windows messages from the video window or creating custom filters, many developers complain of difficulties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mperfect.net/mceDirectShow/|title=Using DirectShow with Media Center Edition|work=/mceDirectShow|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article1345.asp|title=The Basics to using DirectShow|author=Roushu, Kurifu|work=Gamedev.net|date=2001-03-13|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref> It is regarded as one of Microsoft's most complex development libraries/APIs.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mark |last=Richards |url=http://www.mquter.qut.edu.au/mobile/ARTFilterDX/files/ARTFilterDX09-10.doc |title=Overview: What is the Augmented Reality Toolkit?|date=2008-08-26|accessdate=2009-01-25}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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Developers rarely create DirectShow filters from scratch. Rather, they employ DirectShow Base Classes.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} The Base Classes can often simplify development, allowing the programmer to bypass certain tasks. However, the process may remain relatively complex;{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} the code found in the Base Classes is nearly half the size of the entire [[Microsoft Foundation Class Library|MFC library]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} As a result, even with the Base Classes, the number of COM objects that DirectShow contains often overwhelms developers.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}{{Weasel-inline|date=August 2010}} In some cases, DirectShow's API deviates from traditional COM rules, particularly with regard to the parameters used for [[Method (computer science)|methods]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}{{Weasel-inline|date=August 2010}} To overcome their difficulties with DirectShow's unique COM rules, developers often turn to a higher level API that uses DirectShow, notably, ''Windows Media Player SDK'', an API provides the developer with an ActiveX Control that has fewer COM interfaces to deal with.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}{{Weasel-inline|date=August 2010}}<br />
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Although DirectShow is capable of dynamically building a graph to render a given media type, it certain instances it is difficult for developers to rely on this functionality and they need to resort to manually building filter graphs if the resulting filter graph is variable.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} It is possible for filter graphs to change over time as new filters are installed on the computer.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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===Digital rights management===<br />
DirectShow has also been criticized for its support of [[digital rights management]] (DRM);{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} however, DirectShow itself has minimal support for DRM in its API.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://retrakker.antville.org/stories/1548487/|title=Microsoft's next scapegoat - DirectShow!|work=retrakker|date=2007-01-13|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref> The Windows Media Player SDK more significantly reflects Microsoft's adherence to DRM.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}<br />
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===Codec hell===<br />
Codec hell (a term derived from [[DLL hell]]) is when multiple DirectShow filters conflict for performing the same task. A large number of companies now develop codecs in the form of DirectShow filters, resulting in the presence of several filters that can decode the same media type.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homevideo101.com/codec-hell/|title=Codec Hell|work=HomeVideo101 Blog|date=2007-06-22|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref><ref name="Arms Race">{{cite web|url=http://msmvps.com/blogs/chrisl/archive/2005/01/27/34039.aspx#34071 |title=New Age DLL Hell? Hell Yes|author=Lanier, Chris|work=Chris Lanier's Blog|publisher=MSMVPS.COM|date=2005-01-27|accessdate=2007-02-27}}</ref> This issue is further exacerbated by DirectShow's merit system, where filter implementations end up competing with one another by registering themselves with increasingly elevated priority.<ref name="Arms Race"/><br />
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Microsoft's Ted Youmans explained that "[DirectShow] was based on the merit system, with the idea being that, using a combination of the filter’s merit and how specific the media type/sub type is, one could reasonably pick the right codec every time. It wasn't really designed for a competing merit nuclear arms race."<ref name="Arms Race"/><br />
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A tool to help in the troubleshooting of "codec hell" issues usually referenced is the [[GSpot]] Codec Information Appliance, which can be useful in determining what codec is used to render video files in [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]] and other containers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.headbands.com/gspot/|title=The GSpot Codec Information Appliance|accessdate=2010-08-18}}</ref> [[GraphEdit]] can also help understanding the sequence of filters that DirectShow is using to render the media file. Codec hell can be resolved by manually building filter graphs, using a media player that supports ignoring or overriding filter merits, or by using a filter manager that changes filter merits in the [[Windows Registry]].<ref name="GraphEdit"/><br />
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==End-user tools==<br />
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DirectShow, being a developer-centric framework and API, does not directly offer end-user control over encoding content, nor does it incorporate a user interface for encoding using installed codecs or to different formats; instead, it relies on developers to develop software using the API. In contrast, other multimedia frameworks such as [[QuickTime]] or [[Video for Windows]] allow end-users to perform basic video-related tasks such as re-encoding using a different codec and editing files and streams.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} The convenience offered by an end-user GUI is apparent since the [[Audio Video Interleave|AVI]] format and codecs used by [[Video for Windows]] still remain in use in spite of their obsolescence, for example [[VirtualDub]].<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[GraphStudio]] – [[open source]] GraphEdit project<br />
* [[DirectX Media Objects]]<br />
* [[DirectX plugin]]s<br />
* [[DXVA|DirectX Video Acceleration]]<br />
* [[DSPlayer|DirectShowPlayer]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* {{cite web | title=MSDN DirectShow documentation | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783323.aspx | accessdate=July 7, 2007 }}<br />
* {{cite book | author=Pesce, Mark D. | title=Programming Microsoft DirectShow for Digital Video and Television | publisher=Microsoft Press | year=2003 | isbn=0-7356-1821-6}} ([http://www.microsoft.com/mspress/books/sampchap/6381.asp#SampleChapter Sample Chapter])<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms783323.aspx DirectShow on MSDN] – official documentation<br />
* [http://wiki.jrmediacenter.com/index.php/DirectShow_Playback_Guide J. River DirectShow Playback Guide] – tutorial on DirectShow with general-purpose information<br />
* [http://www.mitov.com/html/videolab.html VideoLab] – video processing library with DirectShow support (free for non commercial purposes)<br />
<br />
{{Microsoft APIs}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Directshow}}<br />
[[Category:Microsoft application programming interfaces]]<br />
[[Category:Multimedia frameworks]]<br />
[[Category:DirectX|Show DirectShow]]<br />
<br />
[[cs:DirectShow]]<br />
[[ko:다이렉트쇼]]<br />
[[it:DirectShow]]<br />
[[lt:DirectShow]]<br />
[[ja:DirectShow]]<br />
[[pl:DirectShow]]<br />
[[pt:DirectShow]]<br />
[[ru:DirectShow]]<br />
[[sv:DirectShow]]<br />
[[zh:DirectShow]]</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huron_River_(Eriesee,_Michigan)&diff=89932015Huron River (Eriesee, Michigan)2010-10-01T16:35:42Z<p>12.107.188.5: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{about|the Huron River that flows through southeast Michigan|another Huron River in northern Michigan|Huron River (northern Michigan)}}<br />
{{More footnotes|date=May 2009}}<br />
<!-- The following few lines create the "Infobox" table template.<br />
Please scroll down to edit the main content of the article. --><br />
{{Infobox River <br />
| river_name = Huron River<br />
| image_name = Huronriver2.jpg<br />
| caption = Huron River near Portage Lake<br />
| origin = [[Huron Swamp]] south of [[Andersonville, Michigan]]<br />
| mouth = [[Lake Erie]] southeast of [[Rockwood, Michigan]]<br />
| basin_countries = [[United States]]<br />
| length = {{convert|136|mi|km|abbr=on}}<br />
| elevation = {{convert|1001|ft|m|abbr=on}}<br />
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|571|ft|m|abbr=on}}<br />
| discharge = <br />
| watershed = {{convert|908|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}<br />
}}<br />
<!-- End Infobox template table --><br />
[[Image:Peninsular_Dam_Ypsilanti.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Peninsular Dam, Ypsilanti ]]<br />
[[Image:Huron_Parkway_Bridge_Ann_Arbor.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Huron Parkway bridge over Geddes Pond viewed from Gallup Park, Ann Arbor ]]<br />
The '''Huron River''' is located in [[Southeast Michigan]], rising out of the [[Huron Swamp]] in [[Indian Springs Metropark]] in northern [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland County]] and flowing into [[Lake Erie]] on the boundary between [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] and [[Monroe County, Michigan|Monroe County]]. In addition to thirteen parks, game areas, and recreation areas, the river passes through the cities of [[Dexter, Michigan|Dexter]], [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]], [[Ypsilanti, Michigan|Ypsilanti]], [[Belleville, Michigan|Belleville]], [[Flat Rock, Michigan|Flat Rock]] and [[Rockwood, Michigan|Rockwood]].<br />
<br />
The Huron River is a typical Southeast Michigan stream; mud banks, slow stream flow and a low gradient define this river. It runs {{convert|136|mi|km}} through the following counties, in order from the headwaters to its mouth, Oakland, [[Livingston County, Michigan|Livingston]], [[Washtenaw County, Michigan|Washtenaw]], Wayne, and Monroe. There are 24 major tributaries totaling about {{convert|370|mi|km}} in addition to the mainstream. The Huron River [[drainage basin|watershed]] drains {{convert|908|sqmi|km2}}. It is the only state-designated Country-Scenic Natural River in southeast Michigan. This includes {{convert|27.5|mi|km}} of the mainstream, plus an additional {{convert|10.5|mi|km}} of three tributaries. <br />
<br />
The river was named after the [[Huron (tribe)|Huron]] band of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who lived in the area. In Native languages, it was called ''cos-scut-e-nong sebee'' or ''Giwitatigweiasibi''. It was part of a Native American trade route.<br />
<br />
The river has many dams, 19 on the mainstream and at least 96 in the entire system. Most dams are only a few feet high, built to slightly increase and maintain water levels in existing, a use that is now environmentally controversial. However, at least a dozen dams that were built for mill or hydroelectric power and several formed large new lakes behind them. Some of these on the Huron River mainstream are Kent Lake, Barton Pond, Argo Pond, Ford Lake, Belleville Lake, and Flat Rock Pond.<br />
<br />
The Huron River flows through numerous parks and is a prime [[canoe]]ing river with a generally slow current and only few minor rapids or obstructions except for the short Delhi rapids which is runnable by experienced canoeists and kayakers except during low water.<br />
<br />
The river is heavily [[fishing|fished]] by sportsmen for [[rock bass]], [[Centrarchidae|sunfish]], [[bluegill]], [[black crappie]], [[white bass]], [[smallmouth bass]], [[largemouth bass]], [[northern pike]], [[walleye]], [[catfish]], [[trout]], [[muskie]], and below Belleville Dam, [[Coho salmon]], [[Chinook salmon]], and [[rainbow trout|Steelhead]]. [[Catostomidae|Sucker]]s and [[carp]] are also common fish in the river.<br />
<br />
In 2009, faculty and students from the [[University of Michigan]] produced "Mapping the River," a multimedia presentation combining dance, poetry, music, and projected images which explored the role of the Huron in communities along it. <ref>{{Citation<br />
| last=Mannino<br />
| first=Trina<br />
| title=University profs celebrate the Huron in 'Mapping the River'<br />
| newspaper=The Michigan Daily<br />
| publication-place=Ann Arbor, MI<br />
| date=12<br />
| year=2009<br />
| month=February<br />
| url=http://www.michigandaily.com/content/2009-02-12/trina-article-mapping-river?page=0,0<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
==Floods==<br />
<br />
Notable floods have occurred on March 23, 1904, March 14, 1918, June 24, 1968, and March 15, 1982.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ypsiciti.com/section/Education/The%20bridge-crushing%20flood%20of%201904-article-1750.html |title=The bridge-crushing flood of 1904 |last=Bien |first=Laura |work=Ypsilanti Citizen |accessdate=2010-03-26 |date=2010-03-23 |quote=On March 15, 1982, two canoeists capsized in fast currents and were marooned on the tiny island just south of the Tridge...On June 24, 1968, a flood blew out the Dixboro dam, sending a massive wave downstream that drained the big ponds in Gallup Park...On March 14, 1918, a flood collapsed the center of the Michigan Avenue Bridge, pinching several parked cars in jagged concrete jaws...But the March 23, 1904 flood was among the worst.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Tributaries==<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Huronriver.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Huron River near Gallup Park in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]]] --><br />
<br />
Significant tributaries of the Huron River are listed below, in order of progression upstream. Sub-tributaries are indented below their parent watercourse.<br />
*Smith Creek<br />
*Silver Creek<br />
*Port Creek<br />
*Willow Run<br />
*Swift Run<br />
*Mallett's Creek<br />
*Traver Creek<br />
*Allen Creek<br />
*Boyden Creek<br />
*Honey Creek<br />
*Millers Creek<br />
*Portage Creek<br />
**Livermore Creek<br />
*Arms Creek<br />
*Honey Creek<br />
*Hay Creek<br />
*Chilson Creek<br />
*Horseshoe Lake Creek<br />
*South Ore Creek<br />
*Davis Creek<br />
*Woodruff Creek<br />
**Mann Creek<br />
*Pettibone Creek<br />
*Norton Creek<br />
<br />
==Path==<br />
<br />
The river flows through the following parks and cities in the following order:<br />
<br />
* [[Indian Springs Metropark]]<br />
* [[Pontiac Lake Recreation Area]]<br />
* [[Proud Lake State Recreation Area]]<br />
* [[Kensington Metropark]]<br />
* [[Island Lake Recreation Area]]<br />
* [[Huron Meadows Metropark]]<br />
* [[Hudson Mills Metropark]]<br />
* [[Dexter, Michigan|Dexter]]<br />
* [[Delhi Metropark]]<br />
* [[Ann Arbor]]<br />
* [[Ypsilanti]]<br />
* [[Lower Huron Metropark]]<br />
* [[Willow Metropark]]<br />
* [[Oakwoods Metropark]]<br />
* [[Lake Erie Metropark]]<br />
* [[Pointe Mouillee State Game Area]]<br />
<br />
==Historical name confusion with Clinton River==<br />
The [[Clinton River]] was also known as the Huron River until 1824. Although the Clinton River drains into [[Lake Saint Clair (North America)|Lake St. Clair]] north of [[Detroit]], it is also located in southeast Michigan and shares about {{convert|10|mi|km}} of watershed boundary with the Huron River system. The Clinton River was renamed on July 17, 1824 by the Michigan Territorial Council to avoid confusion between the two rivers<ref name="Leeson">{{cite book | last = Leeson | first = Michael A. | title = History of Macomb County | origyear = 1882 | url = http://name.umdl.umich.edu/arh7613.0001.001 | accessdate = 2006-10-01 | year = 2005 | publisher = University of Michigan Library | location = Ann Arbor, Mich. | pages = 297 | chapter = Organization| chapterurl = http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=micounty;cc=micounty;idno=arh7613.0001.001;q1=shelby;frm=frameset;view=image;seq=299;page=root;size=s<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.hrwc.org/ Huron River Watershed Council]<br />
*[http://ypsigleanings.aadl.org/ypsigleanings/19529/ History of Peninsular Dam.]<br />
*{{GNIS|628876|Huron River}}<br />
{{Metro Detroit}}<br />
{{Parks in metropolitan Detroit}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|42|1|47|N|83|11|15|W|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Michigan]]<br />
[[Category:Tributaries of Lake Erie]]<br />
<br />
[[simple:Huron River (Michigan)]]</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:HatsuneMilku/ESXi&diff=223139995Benutzer:HatsuneMilku/ESXi2010-06-01T17:06:06Z<p>12.107.188.5: /* Purple Screen of Death */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{technical|date=July 2009}}<br />
{{Infobox software<br />
| name = VMware ESX<br />
| logo =<br />
| screenshot =<br />
| caption =<br />
| developer = [[VMware|VMware, Inc.]]<br />
| latest_release_version = 4.0U1a (build 208167)<br />
| latest release date = {{release date|2009|12|10}}<ref>{{cite web |title=VMware ESX 4.0 Update 1a kb |url=http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1016070|publisher=VMware, Inc.}}</ref><br />
| operating_system =<br />
| platform = [[x86-64|x64]]-compatible<br />
| genre = [[Virtual machine monitor]]<br />
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]<br />
| website = [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/esx/ VMware ESX]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''VMware ESX''' is an enterprise-level [[Platform virtualization|virtualization]] product offered by [[VMware|VMware, Inc.]] ESX is a component of VMware's larger offering, [[VMware Infrastructure]], which adds management and reliability services to the core server product. ESX is being replaced by ESXi (see below).<br />
<br />
The basic server requires some form of persistent storage&mdash;typically, an array of [[hard disk drive]]s&mdash;for storing the virtualization kernel and support files. A variant of this design, VMware ESXi, does away with the first requirement by moving the server kernels into a dedicated hardware device. Both variants support the services offered by [[VMware Infrastructure]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet the Next Generation of Virtual Infrastructure Technology |url=http://www.vmware.com/vmworldnews/esx.html |publisher=VMware |accessdate=2007-09-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Technical description==<br />
===Terms and working===<br />
VMware, Inc. refers to the [[hypervisor]] used by VMware ESX as "vmkernel".<br />
<br />
===Architecture===<br />
VMware states that the ESX product runs on "bare metal".<ref name="ESXDatasheet">[http://www.vmware.com/pdf/esx_datasheet.pdf "ESX Server Datasheet"]</ref> In contrast to other VMware products, it does not run atop a third-party operating system,<ref name="ESXArch">{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/support/esx21/doc/esx21_admin_system_architecture.html |title="ESX Server Architecture" |publisher=Vmware.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref> but instead includes its own kernel. Up through the current ESX version 4.0, a [[Linux kernel]] is started first<ref name=esxbootvideo>{{cite web|url=http://video.google.com.au/videoplay?docid=-8007161406494547506 |title=ESX machine boots |publisher=Video.google.com.au |date=2006-06-12 |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref>, and is used to load a variety of specialized virtualization components, including VMware's 'vmkernel' component. This previously-booted Linux kernel then becomes the first running virtual machine and is called the service console. Thus, at normal run-time, the vmkernel is running on the bare computer and the Linux-based service console runs as the first virtual machine.<br />
<br />
The ''vmkernel'' itself, which VMware says is a [[microkernel]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/company/news/releases/64bit.html |title="Support for 64-bit Computing" |publisher=Vmware.com |date=2004-04-19 |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref> has three interfaces to the outside world:<br />
* hardware<br />
* guest systems<br />
* service console (Console OS)<br />
<br />
====Interface to hardware====<br />
The ''vmkernel'' handles CPU and memory directly, using Scan-Before-Execution (SBE) to handle special or privileged CPU instructions.<ref name="ESXAnalyse">[http://www13.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/lehre/seminare/WS0506/hauptsem/Ausarbeitung02.pdf Gerstel, Markus: "Virtualisierungsansätze mit Schwepunkt Xen"]{{Dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Access to other hardware (such as network or storage devices) takes place using modules. At least some of the modules derive from modules used in the [[Linux kernel]]. To access these modules, an additional module called <code>vmklinux</code> implements the Linux module interface. According to the README file, "This module contains the Linux emulation layer used by the vmkernel."<ref name="ESXOpenSource">{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/download/open_source.html |title="ESX Server Open Source" |publisher=Vmware.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
The vmkernel uses the device drivers:<ref name="ESXOpenSource"/><br />
# net/e100<br />
# net/e1000<br />
# net/bnx2<br />
# net/tg3<br />
# net/forcedeth<br />
# net/pcnet32<br />
# block/cciss<br />
# scsi/adp94xx<br />
# scsi/aic7xxx<br />
# scsi/aic79xx<br />
# scsi/ips<br />
# scsi/lpfcdd-v732<br />
# scsi/megaraid2<br />
# scsi/mptscsi_2xx<br />
# scsi/qla2200-v7.07<br />
# scsi/megaraid_sas<br />
# scsi/qla4010<br />
# scsi/qla4022<br />
# scsi/vmkiscsi<br />
# scsi/aacraid_esx30<br />
# scsi/lpfcdd-v7xx<br />
# scsi/qla2200-v7xx<br />
<br />
These drivers mostly equate to those described in VMware's [[hardware compatibility list]].<ref ="ESXHCL">{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/resources/techresources/cat/119 |title="ESX Hardware Compatibility List" |publisher=Vmware.com |date=2008-12-10 |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref> All these modules fall under the [[GNU General Public License|GPL]]. Programmers have adapted them to run with the vmkernel: VMware Inc has changed the module-loading and some other minor things.<ref name="ESXOpenSource"/><br />
<br />
====Guest systems====<br />
The vmkernel offers an interface to guest systems which simulates hardware. This takes place in such a way that a guest system itself can run unmodified atop the [[hypervisor]]. Because using unmodified drivers in the guest system uses up some system resources, VMware Inc offers special drivers for different operating systems to increase performance.<ref name=sanvsdas>{{cite web | title=Benchmarking VMware ESX Server 2.5 vs Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 Enterprise Edition | url=http://capitalhead.com/articles/benchmarking-vmware-esx-server-25-vs-microsoft-virtual-server-2005-enterprise-edition.aspx | work=Virtualization Benchmark Review | date=2006-04-19 | accessdate=2009-06-11}}</ref> These enhanced drivers are typically installed on the guest OS as part of VMTools, which also add utilities to better connect the guest OS with the underlying vmkernel and/or service console, for things such as better clock synchronization and automatic guest OS shutdown. Each guest system behaves as a different system.<br />
<br />
====Service console====<br />
The Service Console is a vestigial general purpose operating system most significantly used as the bootstrap for the VMware kernel, vmkernel, and secondarily used as a management interface. Both of these Console Operating System functions are being deprecated as VMware migrates to exclusively the 'embedded' ESX model, current version being ESXi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.vmware.com/esxi/2009/06/esxi-vs-esx-a-comparison-of-features.html |title=ESXi vs. ESX: A comparison of features |publisher=Vmware, Inc |date= |accessdate=2009-06-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Linux dependencies===<br />
ESX uses a [[Linux kernel]] to load additional code: often referred to by VMware, Inc. as the "vmkernel". The dependencies between the "vmkernel" and the Linux part of the ESX server have changed drastically over different major versions of the software. The VMware FAQ<ref name=faq>[http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/esx/faqs.html VMware FAQ]{{Dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref> states: "ESX Server also incorporates a service console based on a Linux 2.4 kernel that is used to boot the ESX Server virtualization layer". The Linux kernel runs before any other software on an ESX host.<ref name="esxbootvideo"/><br />
On ESX versions 1 and 2, no VMkernel processes run on the system during the boot process.<ref name=esxtechnicaldesignguide>[http://www.vi3book.com/esxatdg_ch2.pdf ESX Server Advanced Technical Design Guide]{{Dead link|date=July 2009}}</ref><br />
After the Linux kernel has loaded, the S90vmware script loads the vmkernel.<ref name="esxtechnicaldesignguide"/><br />
VMware Inc states that vmkernel does not derive from Linux, but acknowledges that it has adapted certain device-drivers from Linux device drivers. The Linux kernel continues running, under the control of the vmkernel, providing functions including the proc file system used by the ESX and an environment to run support applications.<ref name="esxtechnicaldesignguide"/><br />
ESX version 3 loads the VMkernel from the Linux [[initrd]], thus much earlier in the boot-sequence than in earlier ESX versions.<br />
<br />
In traditional systems, a given operating system runs a single kernel. The VMware FAQ mentions that ESX has both a Linux 2.4 kernel and vmkernel — hence confusion over whether ESX has a Linux base. An ESX system starts a Linux kernel first, but it loads vmkernel (also described by VMware as a kernel), which according to VMware 'wraps around' the linux kernel, and which (according to VMware Inc) does not derive from Linux.<br />
<br />
The ESX [[userspace]] environment, known as the "Service Console" (or as "COS" or as "vmnix"), derives from a modified version of [[Red Hat Linux]], (Red Hat 7.2 for ESX 2.x and [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] 3 for ESX 3.x). In general, this Service Console provides management interfaces ([[command line interface|CLI]], webpage [[Multilingual User Interface|MUI]], [[Remote administration|Remote Console]]). This VMware ESX [[Hypervisor|hypervisor virtualization]] approach provides lower overhead and better control and granularity for allocating resources{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} (CPU-time, disk-bandwidth, network-bandwidth, memory-utilization) to virtual machines, compared to so-called "hosted" virtualization, where a base OS handles the physical resources. It also increases security{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}.<br />
<br />
As a further detail which differentiates the ESX from other VMware virtualization products: ESX supports the VMware proprietary cluster file system [[VMFS]]. VMFS enables multiple hosts to access the same [[Storage area network|SAN]] [[Logical Unit Number|LUNs]] simultaneously, while file-level locking provides simple protection to file-system integrity.<br />
<br />
===Purple Screen of Death===<br />
[[File:VMware_ESX_PSOD.png|thumb|right|A Purple Screen of Death as seen in VMware ESX Server 3.0]]<br />
In the event of a hardware error, the vmkernel can 'catch' a Machine Check Exception<ref name=kb>[http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1005184|title="KB: Decoding Machine Check Exception (MCE) output after a purple screen error|publisher=VMware, Inc."]</ref>. This results in a error message displayed on a purple console screen. This is colloquially known as a PSOD, or Purple Screen of Death.<br />
<br />
Upon displaying a PSOD, the vmkernel writes debug information to the core dump partition. This information, together with the error codes displayed on the PSOD can be used by VMware support to determine the cause of the problem.<br />
<br />
==Related products==<br />
Two other products operate in conjunction with ESX - VirtualCenter and Converter.<ref name=p2v>{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/p2v_pubs.html |title=P2V Assistant Documentation |publisher=Vmware.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref><br />
* VirtualCenter allows monitoring and management of multiple ESX or GSX servers. In addition, users must install it to run infrastructure services such as:<br />
** [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/vc/vmotion.html VMotion] (transferring virtual machines between servers on the fly, with almost zero downtime)<br />
** [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/storage_vmotion_overview.html SVMotion] (transferring virtual machines between Shared Storage LUNs on the fly, with almost zero downtime)<br />
** [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/vc/drs.html DRS] (automated VMotion based on host/VM load requirements/demands)<br />
** [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/vc/ha.html HA] (restarting of Virtual Machine Guests in the event of a physical ESX Host failure)<br />
* Converter allows users to create VMware ESX Server- or Workstation-compatible virtual machines from either physical machines or from virtual machines made by other virtualization products. Converter replaces the VMware "P2V Assistant" and "Importer" products — P2V Assistant allowed users to convert physical machines into virtual machines; and Importer allowed the import of virtual machines from other products into VMware Workstation.<br />
<br />
===VMware ESXi===<br />
{{Infobox software<br />
| name = VMware ESXi<br />
| logo =<br />
| screenshot =<br />
| caption =<br />
| developer = [[VMware|VMware, Inc.]]<br />
| latest_release_version = 4.0 <br />
| latest release date = {{release date|2009|5|21}}<ref>{{cite web |title=VMware vSphere 4.0 Release Notes—ESXi Edition |url=http://www.vmware.com/support/vsphere4/doc/vsp_esxi40_vc40_rel_notes.html |publisher=VMware, Inc.}}</ref><br />
| operating_system =<br />
| platform = [[x64 architecture|x64]]-compatible<br />
| genre = [[Virtual machine monitor]]<br />
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]<br />
| website = [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/esx/ VMware ESX/ESXi]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
VMware ESXi is server virtualization software written by [[VMware]]. It can be either free (limited features) or full-featured. VMware ESX and VMware ESXi are both bare-metal hypervisors that install directly on the server hardware. The difference is that ESX also installs a Linux-based service console rather than relying on a remote service console like ESXi. VMware recommends ESXi over ESX.<br />
<br />
VMware ESXi was originally a reduced version of VMware ESX, that allowed for a smaller 32 MB disk footprint on the Host. With a simple configuration console for mostly network configuration and remote based VMware Infrastructure Client Interface, this allows for more resources to be dedicated to the Guest environments.<br />
<br />
There are two variations of ESXi, VMware ESXi 3.5 Installable and VMware ESXi 3.5 Embedded Edition. It also has the ability to upgrade to VMware Infrastructure 3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vmware.com/products/esxi/ |title=Free VMware ESXi: Bare Metal Hypervisor with Live Migration |publisher=Vmware.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref> or VMware vSphere 4.0 ESXi.<br />
<br />
Originally named VMware ESX Server ESXi edition. Through several revisions finally becoming VMware ESXi 3. New editions then followed ESXi 3.5 and now ESXi 4.<br />
<br />
Version release history:<br />
* VMware ESX 3 Server ESXi edition<br />
* -- unknown --<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 First Public Release (Build 67921) ({{release date|2007|12|31}})<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 Initial Release (Build 70348)<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 Update 1 (Build 82664)<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 Update 2 (Build 110271)<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 Update 3 (Build 123629)<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 Update 4 (Build 153875)<br />
* VMware ESXi 3.5 Update 5 (Build 207095)<br />
* VMware ESXi 4.0 (Build 164009) ({{release date|2009|5|21}})<br />
* VMware ESXi 4.0 Update 1 (Build 208167)<br />
<br />
==Known limitations==<br />
<br />
Known limitations of VMware ESX, as of May 2009, include the following:<br />
<br />
===Infrastructure limitations===<br />
<br />
Some limitations in ESX Server 4 may constrain the design of data centers:<ref>{{cite web |publisher=VMware, Inc. |url=http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vsphere4/r40/vsp_40_config_max.pdf |title=Configuration Maximums |date=2010-02-01 |accessdate=2010-02-01 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=VMware, Inc. |url=http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vsphere_performance_wp.pdf |title=What's new in VMware vSphere 4: Performance Enhancements |format=PDF}}</ref><br />
* Guest system maximum RAM: 255 GB<br />
* Host system maximum RAM: 1TB<br />
* Number of hosts in an [[High availability|HA]] cluster: 32<br />
* Number of hosts in a [[Distributed Resource Scheduler|DRS]] cluster: 32<br />
* Maximum number of processors per virtual machine: 8<br />
* Maximum number of processors per host: 64<br />
* Maximum number of cores per processor: 12<br />
<br />
===Performance limitations===<br />
<br />
In terms of performance, virtualization imposes a cost in the additional work the CPU has to perform to virtualize the underlying hardware. Instructions that perform this extra work, and other activities that require virtualization, tend to lie in operating system calls. In an unmodified operating system, OS calls introduce the greatest portion of virtualization overhead.<br />
<br />
[[Paravirtualization]] or other virtualization techniques may help with these issues. VMware and [[XenSource]] invented the [[Virtual Machine Interface]] for this purpose, and selected operating systems {{As of|2008|alt=currently}} support this. A comparison between [[full virtualization]] and [[paravirtualization]] for the ESX Server <ref>{{cite web |publisher=VMware, Inc. |url=http://www.vmware.com/pdf/VMware_VMI_performance.pdf |title=Performance of VMware VMI |date=2008-02-13 |accessdate=2009-01-22 |format=PDF}}</ref> shows that in some cases paravirtualization is much faster.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Comparison of platform virtual machines]]<br />
* [[List of VMware software]]<br />
* [[Virtual appliance]]<br />
* [[Virtual machine]]<br />
* [[Virtual disk image]]<br />
* [[Platform virtualization]]<br />
* [[VMware VMFS]]<br />
* [[x86 virtualization]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refs|2}}<br />
<br />
==3rd Party Tools==<br />
* [http://www.powerwf.com PowerWF] - Provides a visual representation of PowerCLI script, converting them into workflows, or converting workflows into Powershell cmdlets and modules. PowerCLI is VMware's addition to Microsoft's Powershell for automation of virtual environments.<br />
* [http://www.vizioncore.com Vizioncore] - Provides virtual machine monitoring through vFoglight and virtual machine backup through vRanger. Vizioncore offers a whole range of VMware virtualization tools.<br />
* [http://www.iquate.com/solutions/iqsonar/ iQuate] - Provides administrators of large scale (1,000 - 10,000 guest) environments with a single data repository for tracking guest deployments on physical hosts. Rather than searching through multiple Virtual Center or vCenter consoles administrators can (for example) locate where a guest is running and which physical hosts are currently configured to run that guest image in a single query.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.vmware.com/products/vi/esx/ VMware ESX product page]<br />
<br />
{{Screens of death}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vmware Esx}}<br />
[[Category:VMware]]<br />
<br />
[[es:VMware ESX]]<br />
[[it:VMware ESX Server]]<br />
[[ru:VMware ESX]]</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinect_Joy_Ride&diff=238164746Kinect Joy Ride2010-01-04T03:58:13Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otheruses|Joyride}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox VG| title = JoyRide<br />
|image = [[Image:Joy ride.jpg|250px]]<br />
|developer = [[BigPark]]<br />
|publisher = [[Microsoft Game Studios]]<br />
|designer = <br />
|engine = <br />
|released = January 6, 2010<br />
|genre = [[Racing game]]<br />
|modes = [[Single player]], [[Multiplayer]]<br />
|ratings = <br />
|platforms = [[Xbox 360]] ([[XBLA]])<br />
|media = Download<br />
|requirements = <br />
|input = [[Xbox 360 components and accessories#Controllers|Gamepad]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''JoyRide''''' is an upcoming [[Avatars (Xbox 360)|Xbox Live Avatars]] based [[Racing game]] for the [[Xbox Live Arcade]] which will be released as a free downloadable title to all [[Xbox Live]] members<ref>{{cite web| title=Joy Ride - Game Detail Page| url=http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/default.htm}}</ref>. The game will be developed by BigPark and published by [[Microsoft Game Studios]].<ref>{{cite web| title=XBLA Getting Free DLC Support Racing Game | publisher| publisher=Kotaku | url=http://kotaku.com/5274698/xbla-getting-free-dlc+supported-racing-game | date=| accessdate=2009-06-06}} </ref><br />
<br />
The game will feature mass-cooperation; each user will drive and participate in huge community tasks. Everyone in the world will drive, play, and show off together to unlock the next round of content. Players will customize their experience by modifying their car, and acquire new animations and clothes for their avatar. The game features a dynamic world: The Joy Ride world constantly evolves and expands with content, including new stunt parks, tracks, cars, car upgrades, avatar clothing, avatar animations, and events.<br />
<br />
The game is set to be released January 6, 2010.{{needcite}}<br />
<br />
==Features==<br />
<br />
* Players: 1-2<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-2<br />
* Multiplayer Versus<br />
* In-game Dolby Digital<br />
* HDTV 1080p<br />
* Storage Device<br />
* Players: 2-8<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-8<br />
* Content Downloads<br />
* Teams<br />
* Leaderboards<br />
* Player Stats<br />
* Voice Support<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/splash/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/ "Joy Ride" Xbox.com page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joy Ride (Video Game)}}<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360-only games]]<br />
[[Category:Microsoft games]]<br />
[[Category:Racing video games]]<br />
[[Category:Upcoming video games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{racing-videogame-stub}}</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinect_Joy_Ride&diff=238164745Kinect Joy Ride2010-01-04T03:20:22Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otheruses|Joyride}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox VG| title = JoyRide<br />
|image = [[Image:Joy ride.jpg|250px]]<br />
|developer = [[BigPark]]<br />
|publisher = [[Microsoft Game Studios]]<br />
|designer = <br />
|engine = <br />
|released = January 6, 2010<br />
|genre = [[Racing game]]<br />
|modes = [[Single player]], [[Multiplayer]]<br />
|ratings = <br />
|platforms = [[Xbox 360]] ([[XBLA]])<br />
|media = Download<br />
|requirements = <br />
|input = [[Xbox 360 components and accessories#Controllers|Gamepad]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''JoyRide''''' is an upcoming [[Avatars (Xbox 360)|Xbox Live Avatars]] based [[Racing game]] for the [[Xbox Live Arcade]] which will be released as a free downloadable title to all [[Xbox Live]] members<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/default.htm}}</ref>. The game will be developed by BigPark and published by [[Microsoft Game Studios]].<ref>{{cite web| title=XBLA Getting Free DLC Support Racing Game | publisher| publisher=Kotaku | url=http://kotaku.com/5274698/xbla-getting-free-dlc+supported-racing-game | date=| accessdate=2009-06-06}} </ref><br />
<br />
The game will feature mass-cooperation; each user will drive and participate in huge community tasks. Everyone in the world will drive, play, and show off together to unlock the next round of content. Players will customize their experience by modifying their car, and acquire new animations and clothes for their avatar. The game features a dynamic world: The Joy Ride world constantly evolves and expands with content, including new stunt parks, tracks, cars, car upgrades, avatar clothing, avatar animations, and events.<br />
<br />
The game is set to be released January 6, 2010.{{needcite}}<br />
<br />
==Features==<br />
<br />
* Players: 1-2<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-2<br />
* Multiplayer Versus<br />
* In-game Dolby Digital<br />
* HDTV 1080p<br />
* Storage Device<br />
* Players: 2-8<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-8<br />
* Content Downloads<br />
* Teams<br />
* Leaderboards<br />
* Player Stats<br />
* Voice Support<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/splash/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/ "Joy Ride" Xbox.com page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joy Ride (Video Game)}}<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360-only games]]<br />
[[Category:Microsoft games]]<br />
[[Category:Racing video games]]<br />
[[Category:Upcoming video games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{racing-videogame-stub}}</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinect_Joy_Ride&diff=238164744Kinect Joy Ride2010-01-04T03:03:17Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otheruses|Joyride}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox VG| title = JoyRide<br />
|image = [[Image:Joy ride.jpg|250px]]<br />
|developer = [[BigPark]]<br />
|publisher = [[Microsoft Game Studios]]<br />
|designer = <br />
|engine = <br />
|released = January 6, 2010<br />
|genre = [[Racing game]]<br />
|modes = [[Single player]], [[Multiplayer]]<br />
|ratings = <br />
|platforms = [[Xbox 360]] ([[XBLA]])<br />
|media = Download<br />
|requirements = <br />
|input = [[Xbox 360 components and accessories#Controllers|Gamepad]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''JoyRide''''' is an upcoming [[Avatars (Xbox 360)|Xbox Live Avatars]] based [[Racing game]] for the [[Xbox Live Arcade]] which will be released as a free downloadable title to all [[Xbox Live]] Gold members. The game will be developed by BigPark and published by [[Microsoft Game Studios]].<ref>{{cite web| title=XBLA Getting Free DLC Support Racing Game | publisher| publisher=Kotaku | url=http://kotaku.com/5274698/xbla-getting-free-dlc+supported-racing-game | date=| accessdate=2009-06-06}} </ref><br />
<br />
The game will feature mass-cooperation; each user will drive and participate in huge community tasks. Everyone in the world will drive, play, and show off together to unlock the next round of content. Players will customize their experience by modifying their car, and acquire new animations and clothes for their avatar. The game features a dynamic world: The Joy Ride world constantly evolves and expands with content, including new stunt parks, tracks, cars, car upgrades, avatar clothing, avatar animations, and events.<br />
<br />
The game is set to be released January 6, 2010.{{needcite}}<br />
<br />
==Features==<br />
<br />
* Players: 1-2<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-2<br />
* Multiplayer Versus<br />
* In-game Dolby Digital<br />
* HDTV 1080p<br />
* Storage Device<br />
* Players: 2-8<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-8<br />
* Content Downloads<br />
* Teams<br />
* Leaderboards<br />
* Player Stats<br />
* Voice Support<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/splash/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/ "Joy Ride" Xbox.com page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joy Ride (Video Game)}}<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360-only games]]<br />
[[Category:Microsoft games]]<br />
[[Category:Racing video games]]<br />
[[Category:Upcoming video games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{racing-videogame-stub}}</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinect_Joy_Ride&diff=238164743Kinect Joy Ride2010-01-04T02:55:13Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otheruses|Joyride}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox VG| title = JoyRide<br />
|image = [[Image:Joy ride.jpg|250px]]<br />
|developer = [[BigPark]]<br />
|publisher = [[Microsoft Game Studios]]<br />
|designer = <br />
|engine = <br />
|released = January 6, 2010<br />
|genre = [[Racing game]]<br />
|modes = [[Single player]], [[Multiplayer]]<br />
|ratings = <br />
|platforms = [[Xbox 360]] ([[XBLA]])<br />
|media = Download<br />
|requirements = <br />
|input = [[Xbox 360 components and accessories#Controllers|Gamepad]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''JoyRide''''' is an upcoming [[Avatars (Xbox 360)|Xbox Live Avatars]] based [[Racing game]] for the [[Xbox Live Arcade]] which will be released as a free downloadable title to all [[Xbox Live]] Gold members. The game will be developed by BigPark and published by [[Microsoft Game Studios]].<ref>{{cite web| title=XBLA Getting Free DLC Support Racing Game | publisher| publisher=Kotaku | url=http://kotaku.com/5274698/xbla-getting-free-dlc+supported-racing-game | date=| accessdate=2009-06-06}} </ref><br />
<br />
The game is set to be released January 6, 2010.{{needcite}}<br />
==Features==<br />
<br />
* Players: 1-2<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-2<br />
* Multiplayer Versus<br />
* In-game Dolby Digital<br />
* HDTV 1080p<br />
* Storage Device<br />
* Players: 2-8<br />
* Players Co-op: 1-8<br />
* Content Downloads<br />
* Teams<br />
* Leaderboards<br />
* Player Stats<br />
* Voice Support<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/splash/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/ "Joy Ride" Xbox.com page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joy Ride (Video Game)}}<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360-only games]]<br />
[[Category:Microsoft games]]<br />
[[Category:Racing video games]]<br />
[[Category:Upcoming video games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{racing-videogame-stub}}</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinect_Joy_Ride&diff=238164742Kinect Joy Ride2010-01-04T02:54:42Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otheruses|Joyride}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox VG| title = JoyRide<br />
|image = [[Image:Joy ride.jpg|250px]]<br />
|developer = [[BigPark]]<br />
|publisher = [[Microsoft Game Studios]]<br />
|designer = <br />
|engine = <br />
|released = January 6, 2010<br />
|genre = [[Racing game]]<br />
|modes = [[Single player]], [[Multiplayer]]<br />
|ratings = <br />
|platforms = [[Xbox 360]] ([[XBLA]])<br />
|media = Download<br />
|requirements = <br />
|input = [[Xbox 360 components and accessories#Controllers|Gamepad]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''JoyRide''''' is an upcoming [[Avatars (Xbox 360)|Xbox Live Avatars]] based [[Racing game]] for the [[Xbox Live Arcade]] which will be released as a free downloadable title to all [[Xbox Live]] Gold members. The game will be developed by BigPark and published by [[Microsoft Game Studios]].<ref>{{cite web| title=XBLA Getting Free DLC Support Racing Game | publisher| publisher=Kotaku | url=http://kotaku.com/5274698/xbla-getting-free-dlc+supported-racing-game | date=| accessdate=2009-06-06}} </ref><br />
<br />
The game is set to be released January 6, 2010.{{needcite}}<br />
==Features==<br />
<br />
Players: 1-2<br />
Players Co-op: 1-2<br />
Multiplayer Versus<br />
In-game Dolby Digital<br />
HDTV 1080p<br />
Storage Device<br />
Players: 2-8<br />
Players Co-op: 1-8<br />
Content Downloads<br />
Teams<br />
Leaderboards<br />
Player Stats<br />
Voice Support<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/splash/j/joyridexboxlivearcade/ "Joy Ride" Xbox.com page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joy Ride (Video Game)}}<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360-only games]]<br />
[[Category:Microsoft games]]<br />
[[Category:Racing video games]]<br />
[[Category:Upcoming video games]]<br />
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{racing-videogame-stub}}</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ars_Technica&diff=129099073Ars Technica2009-11-23T20:25:46Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Website<br />
| name = Ars Technica<br />
| logo = [[File:Ars Technica logo.png|100px]]<br />
| screenshot =<br />
| caption = Ars Technica main page as of [[January 28]], [[2009]].<br />
| url = http://arstechnica.com/<br />
| commercial = Yes<br />
| type = Technology news & information<br />
| registration = <br />
| owner = [[Condé Nast Publications]]<br />
| author = Ken "Caesar" Fisher, Jon Stokes, Matt Anderson, Ben Rota, Scott Wasson, Andy Brown, Al Gore<br />
| launch date = 1998<br />
| current status = <br />
| revenue = [[Ars Technica#Revenue|See below]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Ars Technica''' ({{pronEng|ˌɑrz ˈtɛknɨkə}}), [[Latin]] for "Art of Technology"<ref name=latin>{{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/site/about.ars|title=About Ars Technica|author=|publisher=Ars Technica|date=|accessdate=2008-03-16}}</ref> is a [[technology]]-related [[website]] that caters to [[personal computer|computer]] enthusiasts, covering technology, [[science]], and [[video game|gaming]] news along with editorial comment and analysis. Started in 1998 by six people, including Ken "Caesar" Fisher and Jon "Hannibal" Stokes,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/05/16/breaking-conde-nastwired-acquires-ars-technica/|title=<br />
Breaking: Condé Nast/Wired Acquires Ars Technica|publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref> Ars Technica is headquartered in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Illinois]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2009/01/welcome-to-ars-technica-v50.ars/2|title=<br />
Welcome to Ars Technica v5.0!|publisher=Ars Technica}}</ref> The site was independently owned until it was acquired by [[Condé Nast Publications]] in May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geeks Crash a House of Fashion|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/19/business/media/19carr.html|date=2008-05-19|accessdate=2008-05-20|publisher=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> The main content is a [[blog]]-style presentation of news stories and commentary, interspersed with advertising. Featured articles are less frequent but go into more depth.<br />
<br />
== Ars Front Page ==<br />
The Ars Technica Front Page has two main sections: ''From The News Desk'' and ''Features''. ''The News Desk'' typically consists of short articles featuring analysis of technology and science-related news, with occasional forays into sci-tech related political commentary. ''The News Desk'' came under scrutiny in March 2006, when IPDemocracy.com blogger Cynthia Brumfield accused Ars Technica of using material from her site without attribution <ref>[http://www.ipdemocracy.com/archives/001363dubious_blogosphere_web_journalism_ethics.php IP Democracy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Similar charges surfaced again in July 2007<ref>[http://www.duncanriley.com/2007/07/17/does-ars-technica-rip-every-story-without-credit/ duncanriley.com » Does Ars Technica rip every story without credit?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, and May 2008<ref>[http://www.parislemon.com/2008/05/another-classic-rip-off-job-by-ars.html ParisLemon: Another Classic Rip-Off Job By Ars Technica<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. <br />
<br />
The ''Features'' section is sub-divided into two subsections:<br />
<br />
*''From the journals'' contains a selection of recent posts from ''Journals.Ars''.<br />
<br />
*Below the journals posts are a selection of recent featured articles such as in-depth features on science and technology issues, regular columns (such as those relating to [[Linux]] and [[Mac OS X]]), hardware and software reviews, and the ''Ars System Guide'' - a regular feature that advises readers on which components to pick when building their own PCs, whatever their budget.<br />
<br />
Links at the top of the front page provide access to deeper areas of the site, including regularly updated pages relating to subjects such as ''Technology and Culture'', ''CPU Theory & Praxis'', ''Hardware'', etc. The content of articles often overlap the various categories, with non-column articles tending to be more technical in nature.<br />
<br />
==Journals.Ars==<br />
<br />
''Journals.Ars'' is a section of the site where Ars staff writers post shorter, less formal articles discussing sci-tech news and rumors, often with more light-hearted commentary. The journals are categorized into six distinct topics: ''Infinite Loop'' ([[Apple Inc.|Apple]]-centric), ''One Microsoft Way'' ([[Microsoft]]-centric), ''Open Ended'' ([[open source software]]-centric), ''Kit'' (Hardware-centric), ''Nobel Intent'' (science-centric), and ''Opposable Thumbs'' (video game and technology gadget-centric).<br />
<br />
Readers are able to add their own comments to ''Journals.Ars'' articles.<br />
<br />
== Ars OpenForum ==<br />
Ars Technica also maintains the ''OpenForum'', an [[internet forum]] dedicated primarily to discussion of technology-related topics. The forum is divided into many sub-forums covering a range of subjects, from specific operating system and networking discussion areas to more general forums dealing with business, socio-political issues and recreational pursuits. In common with the main site, the OpenForum contains many references to [[ancient Rome]], both in the titles of the sub-forums and the ranks assigned to each user.<br />
<br />
Forum Members hold a number of "Arsmeets" every year so that members and readers alike can get together and meet one another in person.<br />
<br />
OpenForum has over ten million posts and 100,000 registered users.<br />
<br />
== Revenue == <br />
Ars Technica's operating revenue derives from the following sources:<br />
*Affiliate sales commissions (including "Sale" notices posted under the news section)<ref>[http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20050412-4805.html Insane Dell Inspiron coupon deal (US$750 off US$1499), take two]</ref><br />
*[[Advertising]] on Ars Technica (through [[Federated Media]], approx. US$20 [[Cost_per_impression|CPM]])<ref>[http://www.federatedmedia.net/authors/arstechnica Ars Technica - Federated Media Publishing<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
*User subscription fees<br />
*Sale of Ars Technica-[[brand]]ed merchandise<br />
*On [[May 19]] [[2008]] it was announced that the site had been acquired from Ars Technica, LLC (the holding company formed of its founders)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080519-ars-technica-acquired-by-conde-nast-the-low-down.html | title = Ars Technica acquired by Condé Nast: the low-down | publisher = Ars Technica | date = 2008-05-19 | accessdate = 2008-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Breaking: Condé Nast/Wired Acquires Ars Technica|url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/05/16/breaking-conde-nastwired-acquires-ars-technica/|date=2008-05-16|accessdate=2008-05-16|publisher=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> by [[Condé Nast Publications]].<br />
*On April 2nd 2009, it became public via a Gawker link, that a number of Ars Technica staff were let go as part of the Conde Nast layoffs which also impacted Wired. <ref>{{cite web | url =http://gawker.com/5194974/ars-technica-slammed-in-conde-nast-digital-layoffs | title = Ars Technica Slammed in Condé Nast Digital Layoffs | publisher = Gawker | date = 2009-04-02 | accessdate = 09-04-02}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[TechCrunch]]<br />
* [[Mashable]]<br />
* [[ReadWriteWeb]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.arstechnica.com Official website]<br />
*[http://episteme.arstechnica.com/eve/forums Ars OpenForum]<br />
<br />
{{Condé Nast Publications}}<br />
{{Advance Publications}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Technology websites]]<br />
[[Category:News websites]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Ars Technica]]<br />
[[it:Ars Technica]]<br />
[[no:Ars Technica]]<br />
[[sv:Ars Technica]]</div>12.107.188.5https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liste_von_Werkzeugen_zur_statischen_Codeanalyse&diff=118340718Liste von Werkzeugen zur statischen Codeanalyse2009-10-19T20:19:03Z<p>12.107.188.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Unreferenced|date=January 2009}}<br />
This is a list of significant tools for [[static code analysis]]. <br />
<br />
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{{Portal|Software Testing}}<br />
==Historical products==<br />
* [[lint (software)|Lint]] — the original static code analyzer of C code.<br />
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==Open-source or Noncommercial products==<br />
=== Multi-language ===<br />
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* [[Rough Auditing Tool for Security|RATS]] — Rough Auditing Tool for Security, which can scan C, C++, Perl, PHP and Python source code.<br />
* [[YASCA]] — Yet Another Source Code Analyzer, a plugin-based framework for scanning arbitrary file types, with plugins for scanning C/C++, Java, JavaScript, ASP, PHP, HTML/CSS, ColdFusion, COBOL, and other file types. It integrates with other scanners, including [[FindBugs]], [[JLint]], [[PMD (software)|PMD]], and [[Pixy (Software)|Pixy]].<br />
* CPD — The Copy/Paste Detector (CPD) is an add-on to [[PMD (software)|PMD]] that finds duplicated code. CPD works with Java, JSP, C, C++, Fortran and PHP code.<br />
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=== .NET (C#, VB.NET and all .NET compatible languages) ===<br />
* [[FxCop]] — Free static analysis for Microsoft .NET programs that compile to [[Common Intermediate Language|CIL]]. Standalone and integrated in some [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] editions. From Microsoft.<br />
* [[StyleCop]] — Analyzes C# source code to enforce a set of style and consistency rules. It can be run from inside of [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] or integrated into an [[MSBuild]] project. Free download from Microsoft.<br />
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=== Java ===<br />
* [[Checkstyle]] — besides some static code analysis, it can be used to show violations of a configured coding standard<br />
* [[FindBugs]] — an open-source static bytecode analyzer for Java (based on [[Jakarta Project|Jakarta]] [[Byte Code Engineering Library|BCEL]]) from the University of Maryland.<br />
* [[PMD (software)|PMD]] — a static ruleset based Java source code analyzer that identifies potential problems.<br />
* [[Hammurapi code review tool|Hammurapi]] — (Free for non-commercial use only) versatile code review solution.<br />
* [[Sonar (Quality platform)|Sonar]] — a platform to manage source code quality<br />
* [[Soot (software)|Soot]] — a language manipulation and optimization framework consisting of intermediate languages for [[Java (programming language)|Java]]<br />
* [[Squale (Software Quality)|Squale]] — a platform to manage software quality (also available for other languages, using commercial analysis tools though)<br />
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=== C ===<br />
* [[BLAST model checker|BLAST]] (Berkeley Lazy Abstraction Software verification Tool) — a software model checker for C programs based on lazy abstraction.<br />
* [[Clang]] — A compiler that includes a static analyzer.<br />
* [[Frama-C]] — A static analysis framework for C.<br />
* [[Sparse]] — A tool designed to find faults in the [[Linux]] kernel.<br />
* [[Splint (programming tool)|Splint]] — An open source evolved version of Lint (C language).<br />
* [[Uno (software)|Uno]] — A tool designed to find most common type of programming errors without generating too much output.<br />
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=== C++ === <br />
* [[Cppcheck]] — can find memory leaks, buffer overruns and many other common errors.<br />
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=== Objective-C ===<br />
* [[Clang]] — the free Clang project includes a static analyzer. As of version 3.2, this analyzer is included in [[Xcode]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/featuredarticles/StaticAnalysis/index.html | title=Static Analysis in Xcode | publisher=Apple | accessdate=2009-09-03}}</ref><br />
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=== Perl ===<br />
* [[Perl::Critic]] — module and program to help find deviations from commonly accepted best practices<br />
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=== ActionScript ===<br />
* [[Apparat (computer science)|Apparat]] — a language manipulation and optimization framework consisting of intermediate representations for [[ActionScript]].<br />
* [[AS3V]] — a static ruleset based analyzer focussing on performance leaks.<br />
* [[FlexPMD]] — a static ruleset based [[ActionScript]] source code analyzer that identifies potential problems; based on [[PMD (software)|PMD]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://opensource.adobe.com/wiki/display/flexpmd/FlexPMD | title=FlexPMD | publisher=Adobe | accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref><br />
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==Commercial products==<br />
===Multi-language===<br />
* [[Axivion Bauhaus Suite]] — a tool for C, C++, C#, Java and Ada code that comprises various analyses such as architecture checking, interface analyses, and clone detection. <br />
* [[Checkmarx]] - a tool to identify, track and fix technical and logical security flaws from the root: the source code. Analyzes .Net, Java, Classic ASP, C/C++ and [[Salesforce.com]]'s Apex and Visual Force.<br />
* [[CodeSecure]] — Appliance with Web interface and built-in language parsers for analyzing ASP.NET, VB.NET, C#, Java/J2EE, JSP, EJB, PHP, Classic ASP and VBScript.<br />
* [[CAST Application Intelligence Platform]] — Detailed, audience-specific dashboards to measure quality and productivity. 30+ languages, SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, .NET, Java, C/C++, Struts, and all major databases.<br />
* [[CodeScan Labs]] CodeScan Developer — identifies security vulnerabilities and issues in ASP classic, PHP, ASP.Net, C#.Net source code<br />
* [[Coverity]] Prevent — identifies security vulnerabilities and code defects in C, C++, C# and Java code.<br />
* [[DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit]] — supports custom analysis of C, C++, Java, COBOL, and many other languages. <br />
* [[Compuware]] DevEnterprise — analysis of COBOL, PL/I, JCL, CICS, DB2, IMS and others. <br />
* [[Fortify Software|Fortify]] — helps developers identify software security vulnerabilities in C/C++, .NET, Java, JSP, ASP.NET, ColdFusion, "Classic" ASP, PHP, VB6, VBScript, JavaScript, PL/SQL, T-SQL and COBOL as well as configuration files.<br />
* [[GrammaTech]] CodeSonar — Analyzes C,C++. Ada-Assured -Analyzes Ada<br />
* [[Klocwork]] Insight and [[Klocwork]] Developer for Java — provides security vulnerability and defect detection as well as architectural and build-over-build trend analysis for C, C++, C# and Java <br />
* [[Lattix, Inc.]] LDM — Architecture and dependency analysis tool for Ada, C/C++, Java, .NET software systems. <br />
* [[LDRA Testbed]] — A software analysis and testing tool suite for C, C++, Ada83, Ada95 and Assembler (Intel, Freescale, Texas Instruments). <br />
* [[Ounce Labs]] — automated source code analysis that enables organizations to identify and eliminate software security vulnerabilities in languages including Java, JSP, C/C++, C#, ASP.NET, and VB.Net. <br />
* [[Parasoft]] — Security, reliability, performance, and maintainability analysis of Java, JSP, C, C++, .NET (C#, ASP.NET, VB.Net, etc.), WSDL, XML, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, VBScript/ASP, and configuration files. <br />
* [[SofCheck Inspector]] — provides static detection of logic errors, [[race condition]]s, and redundant code for [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]. <br />
* [[Sotoarc| Sotoarc/Sotograph]] — Architecture and quality in-depth analysis and monitoring for Java, C#, C and C++ <br />
* [[Structure101]] — For understanding, analyzing, measuring and controlling the quality of your Software Architecture as it evolves over time. Available for Java and Ada, with support for C/C++ via [[Coverity]] and Programming Research.<br />
* [[Understand (software)|Understand]] — analyzes C,C++, Java, Ada, Fortran, Jovial, Delphi — reverse engineering of source, code navigation, and metrics tool.<br />
* [[Visual Studio Team System]] — analyzes C++,C# source codes. only available in team suite and development edition.<br />
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===.NET===<br />
Products covering multiple .NET languages.<br />
* [[ReSharper]] — Add-on for Visual Studio 2003/2005 from the creators of [[IntelliJ IDEA]], which also provides static code analysis for C#.<br />
* [[NDepend]] — Simplifies managing a complex .NET code base by analyzing code dependencies, by defining design rules, by doing impact analysis, and by comparing different versions of the code (all .NET languages supported)<br />
* [[CodeIt.Right]] — combines Static Code Analysis and automatic Refactoring to best practices which allows automatically correct code errors and violations. Supports both C# and VB.NET.<br />
* [[Gendarme]] — extensible rule-based tool to find problems in .NET applications and libraries, particularly those that contain code in ECMA CIL format.<br />
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===C/C++===<br />
* Abraxas Software CodeCheck — programmable static analysis and style checker for C and C++ code.<br />
* [[Astrée (software)|Astrée]] — Run-time error analyzer for C<br />
* [[Green Hills Software]] DoubleCheck — static analysis for C and C++ code. <br />
* [[HP Code Advisor]] — A static analysis tool for C and C++ programs <br />
* [[LDRA Testbed]] — A software analysis and testing tool suite for C & C++.<br />
* [[Microsoft]] [[PREfast]] — The "Analyze Tool" included with [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] Team Editions.<br />
* [[Microsoft]] [[PREfast for Drivers]] (PFD) — An extension to PREfast to allow better analysis of Windows device drivers.<br />
* [[Microsoft]] [[Static Driver Verifier]] (SDV) — Performs detailed code path analysis for Windows device drivers.<br />
* [[PAG (software)|PAG]] — The Program Analyzer Generator.<br />
* [[PC-Lint]] — A software analysis tool for C & C++.<br />
* [[QA-C]] (and QA-C++) — deep static analysis of C for quality assurance and guideline enforcement.<br />
* [[Red Lizard Software|Red Lizard]]'s Goanna — Static analysis for C/C++ in Eclipse and Visual Studio.<br />
* [[Viva64]] — analyzes C, C++ code to detect 64-bit portability issues.<br />
* [[CppDepend]] — Simplifies managing a complex C++ code base by analyzing code dependencies, by defining design rules, by doing impact analysis, and by comparing different versions of the code.<br />
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===Java===<br />
* [[checKing]] — monitors the quality of software development process, including violations of coding rules for Java, JSP, Javascript, XML and HTML. <br />
* [[IntelliJ IDEA]] — IDE for Java that also provides static code analysis.<br />
* [[Swat4j]] — a model based, goal oriented source code auditing tool for Java.<br />
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===Visual Basic=== <br />
* [[Project Analyzer]] — static analysis tool for Visual Basic, Visual Basic .NET and Visual Basic for Applications.<br />
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===Uncategorized=== <!-- Please organize by language above when appropriate --><br />
* [[SemmleCode]] — object oriented code queries for static program analysis. <br />
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==Formal methods tools==<br />
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Tools that use a [[formal methods]] approach to static analysis (e.g., using static [[assertion (computing)|program assertion]]s):<br />
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* [[ESC/Java]] and [[ESC/Java2]] — based on [[Java Modeling Language]], an enriched version of Java.<br />
* [[SofCheck Inspector]] — statically determines and documents [[precondition|pre]]- and [[postcondition]]s for [[Java (programming language)|Java]] methods; statically checks [[precondition]]s at all call sites; also supports [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]].<br />
* [[SPARK Toolset]] including the [[SPARK Examiner]] — based on the [[SPARK programming language]], a subset of [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]].<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.spinroot.com/static/ List of static source code analysis tools for C]<br />
* [http://samate.nist.gov/index.php/Source_Code_Security_Analyzers.html SAMATE-Source Code Security Analyzers]<br />
* [http://samate.nist.gov/index.php/SATE.html SATE - Static Analysis Tool Exposition]<br />
* [http://www.eclipseplugincentral.com/Web_Links-index-req-viewcatlink-cid-14-orderby-rating.html List of Java static code analysis plugins for Eclipse]<br />
* [http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jfoster/papers/issre04.pdf “A Comparison of Bug Finding Tools for Java”], by Nick Rutar, Christian Almazan, and Jeff Foster, [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]. Compares Bandera, [[ESC/Java]] 2, [[FindBugs]], [[JLint]], and PMD.<br />
* [http://www.oreillynet.com/digitalmedia/blog/2004/03/minireview_of_java_bug_finders.html “Mini-review of Java Bug Finders”], by Rick Jelliffe, [[O'Reilly Media]].<br />
* [http://www.ddj.com/218000153 Parallel Lint], by Andrey Karpov<br />
* [https://www.cert.org/secure-coding/tools.html List of Static Source Code Analysis Tools] at [[CERT Coordination Center|CERT]]<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Dynamic code analysis]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Static code analysis|!]]</div>12.107.188.5