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Hackensack River

2011-12-19T22:48:47Z

12.1.41.226: /* Description */

{{Geobox
| River

| name = Hackensack River
| native_name =
| other_name =
| other_name1 =
| category = River
| category_hide = Yes

| image = HackensackRiver.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = A view of the Hackensack River taken from the shore in [[Teaneck, New Jersey|Teaneck]] at low tide.

| country = United States
| country1 =
| state = New Jersey
| state1 = New York
| region_type = [[County (US)|Counties]]
| region = [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson, NJ]]
| region1 = [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen, NJ]]
| region2 = [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland, NY]]
| district =
| district1 =
| city = [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack, NJ]]
| city1 =

| length_imperial = 54
| watershed_imperial =
| discharge_location = [[New Milford, New Jersey|New Milford, NJ]]
| discharge_average_imperial = 173
| discharge_max_imperial = 880
| discharge_min_imperial = 0
| discharge1_location = [[West Nyack, New York|West Nyack, NY]]
| discharge1_average_imperial = 58

| source_name =
| source_location = [[West Haverstraw, New York|West Haverstraw]]
| source_district =
| source_region = [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]]
| source_state = New York
| source_country = USA
| source_lat_d = 41
| source_lat_m = 11
| source_lat_s = 00
| source_lat_NS = N
| source_long_d = 73
| source_long_m = 59
| source_long_s = 24
| source_long_EW = W
| source_elevation_imperial = 120
| source_length_imperial =

| mouth_name = [[Newark Bay]]
| mouth_location =
| mouth_district =
| mouth_region = [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]]
| mouth_state = New Jersey
| mouth_country = USA
| mouth_lat_d = 40
| mouth_lat_m = 42
| mouth_lat_s = 55
| mouth_lat_NS = N
| mouth_long_d = 74
| mouth_long_m = 06
| mouth_long_s = 42
| mouth_long_EW = W
| mouth_elevation_imperial = 0

| tributary_left =
| tributary_left1 =
| tributary_right =
| tributary_right1 =

| free_name =
| free_value =

| map = Passaicwatershedmap.png
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = The [[Passaic River|Passaic]] and Hackensack watersheds
}}
The '''Hackensack River''' is a river, approximately 45 miles (72 km) long, in the [[U.S. state]]s of [[New York]] and [[New Jersey]], emptying into [[Newark Bay]], a back chamber of [[New York Harbor]]. The [[drainage basin|watershed]] of the river includes part of the suburban area outside [[New York City]] just west of the lower [[Hudson River]], which it roughly parallels, separated from it by the [[New Jersey Palisades]]. It also flows through and drains the [[New Jersey Meadowlands]]. The lower river, which is navigable as far as the city of [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], is heavily industrialized and forms a commercial extension of Newark Bay. Once believed to be the among the most polluted water courses in the United States, it has staged a modest revival by the late 2000s.

==Description==
The Hackensack River rises in southeastern New York, in [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]], in the Sweet Swamp, just west of the [[Hudson River]] and approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) south of [[West Haverstraw, New York|West Haverstraw]]. It flows briefly southeast, into the [[DeForest Lake]] reservoir, separated from the Hudson by less than 3 mi (5 km). South of the dam, it then flows south, diverging from the Hudson. Just across the New Jersey state line, in northern [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], it is impounded to form the reservoir [[Lake Tappan]].

South of Lake Tappan, it flows in a [[meander]]ing course southward through the suburban communities of New Jersey. Near [[Oradell, New Jersey|Oradell]], it is impounded to form [[Oradell Reservoir]], where it is joined by several streams, including the [[Dwars Kill]] and [[Pascack Brook]]. [[Van Buskirk Island]], a man-made island and site of the [[New Milford Plant of the Hackensack Water Company]], lies in this area. South of the reservoir, it flows past [[River Edge, New Jersey|River Edge]], [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], [[Teaneck, New Jersey|Teaneck]], [[Bogota, New Jersey|Bogota]], and [[Ridgefield Park, New Jersey|Ridgefield Park]], once again approaching within 3 mi (5 km) of the Hudson, and separated from it by the ridge of the Palisades.

At [[Little Ferry, New Jersey|Little Ferry]], it is joined by the broad [[Overpeck Creek]], then flows southward, widening in a broad meandering [[tide|tidal]] [[estuary]] through the Meadowlands, forming extensive side streams and [[wetland]]s. South of [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]], it forms the boundary between Bergen County to the west and [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]] to the east. Opposite [[Secaucus, New Jersey|Secaucus]] it is joined by [[Berrys Creek]], then flows past the western edge of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], which overlooks the river's valley from the ridge of the Palisades, before forming Newark Bay at its confluence with the [[Passaic River]] between Jersey City and [[Kearny, New Jersey|Kearny]].

As it flows through the Meadowlands it is traversed by numerous [[List of crossings of the Hackensack River|rail and road bridges]].

==History==
[[File:Sports Complex fr Trolley Pk jeh.jpg|thumb|Separating Hudson (foreground) and Bergen Counties]]
The name of the river comes from the [[Lenape language|Lenape]] word ''Achinigeu-hach'', or ''Ackingsah-sack'', meaning ''flat confluence of streams'' {{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} or ''stony ground.''<ref>http://www.bergencountyhistory.org/Pages/indians.html Bergen County Hist Society: Indigenous People of Bergen County accessed 2010-0901</ref>Conflicts with the Lenape prevented the early [[Dutch people|Dutch]] settlers of the [[New Netherland]] colony from expanding westward into the valley into late in the 17th century. The river furnished both the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] and the [[European colonization of the Americas|European settlers]] with abundant runs of [[herring]], [[shad]] and [[striped bass]].

In the colonial era, the river and the surrounding Meadowlands presented a formidable difficulty in transportation and communication. The wetlands helped allow the escape of the [[Continental Army]] under [[George Washington]] in 1776 after several defeats at the hands of the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] army on the east side of the Hudson. It later served as a protective barrier that allowed Washington's army to encamp in the nearby hills near [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]].

[[File:Newark Mtn jeh.jpg|thumb|Power plant]]
For two centuries, the river has suffered from extremely severe [[water pollution|pollution]]. The construction of the [[Oradell Reservoir]] dam in 1921 essentially changed the lower river from a free-flowing stream into a [[brackish water|brackish]] [[estuary]], allowing the encroachment of marine species. By the 1960s, however, much of the lower river was essentially a [[turbidity|turbid]] [[oxygen]]-less dead zone, with only the hardiest of species such as the [[mummichog]] able to survive in its waters. [[Berrys Creek]] was once thought to be the most polluted stream in the United States.

The river recovered somewhat by the late 2000s following the decline in manufacturing in the area, as well as from enforcement of [[Clean Water Act]] regulations and from the efforts of local conservancy groups. Recreational fishing has staged a modest comeback, although [[catch and release]] may be advisable, as there are continuing health advisories against the consumption of fish caught in the river. [[Urban runoff]] pollution, municipal [[sewage]] discharges from [[sanitary sewer overflow]]s and [[combined sewer overflow]]s, and runoff from [[hazardous waste]] sites continue to impair the river's [[water quality]].<ref>Wright, Jim. [http://www.hackensackriverkeeper.org/Articles.php?ID=123 "Hackensack River is getting cleaner."] ''The Record.'' August 26, 2007.</ref><ref>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Trenton, NJ. [http://www.nj.gov/dep/watershedmgt/DOCS/WMAFactsheets/WMA05.pdf "Watershed Management Area 5 Factsheet."] Bureau of Watershed Planning. July 17, 2007.</ref>

The future of the [[wetland]]s around the lower river has been an ongoing controversy between [[land development|development]] and preservation groups in recent decades. The controversial Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission (now the [[New Jersey Meadowlands Commission]]) was established by the state in 1968 to manage development and habitat preservation.<ref>New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, Lyndhurst, NJ. [http://www.njmeadowlands.gov/environment/wetlands/sites.html "Wetlands Sites in the Meadowlands."] Accessed 2009-02-27.</ref>

==Tributaries==
===New Jersey===
*[[Berrys Creek]]
*Bashes Creek
*Cherry Brook
*Moonachie Creek
*Mill Creek
*Cromakill Creek
*Bellmans Creek
*Losen Slote
*[[Overpeck Creek]]
*Coles Brook
*French Brook
*Hirshfeld Brook
*[[Dwars Kill]]
:*Tappan Run
*[[Pascack Brook]]
*Hillsdale Brook
*Holdrum Brook
*Cherry Brook

===New York===
*Nauraushaun Brook [[Nanuet, New York]]
*East Branch Hackensack River
*Toms Creek
*West Branch Hackensack River

==See also==
*[[List of New Jersey rivers]]
*[[List of New York rivers]]
*[[List of crossings of the Hackensack River]]
*[[Little Ferry Seaplane Base]]
*[[Hackensack RiverWalk]]

{{Commons category}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.hackensackriverkeeper.org/ Hackensack Riverkeeper] - Environmental organization
*[http://www.fdu.edu/visitorcenter/thtides.html Hackensack River tides] - Fairleigh Dickinson University
*[http://www.eorthe.com/02a_e_hack/00_hack_home.htm Hackensack River bridges]
*[http://www.wildnj.com/gest2.htm Wild New Jersey: Fishes of the Hackensack River]
*[http://www.bergenswan.org/ Bergen SWAN]
*[http://www.teaneckgreenway.org/ Friends of the Hackensack River Greenway through Teaneck]
*[http://www.meadowlands.state.nj.us/ New Jersey Meadowlands Commission]
*[http://www.meadowlands.state.nj.us/ec/ Meadowlands Environment Center]
*[http://meri.njmeadowlands.gov/ Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute (MERI)]
*[http://www.njnm.com/ New Jersey Naval Museum] Home of the W.W. II Submarine [[USS Ling (SS-297)]]
*[http://www.williammaloney.com/Dad/WWII/SubmarineLing/SubmarineLingindex.html USS Ling] Photos on board the Submarine USS Ling SS-297
*[http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nj/nwis/current/?type=flow U.S. Geological Survey: NJ stream gaging stations]

[[Category:Hackensack River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Rivers of New York]]
[[Category:Geography of Bergen County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Geography of Hudson County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Geography of Rockland County, New York]]

Pibb Xtra

2008-10-23T13:19:52Z

12.1.41.226: /* Availability */

{{unreferenced|date=September 2008}}
{{Infobox Beverage
|name=Pibb Xtra
|image=<br/>A digital recreation of the Pibb Xtra logo
|type=[[Cola]]
|manufacturer=[[The Coca-Cola Company]]
|origin=[[United States]]
|introduced=1972
|discontinued=
|color = Caramel
|related= [[Dr Pepper]]<br/>[[Dr. Thunder]]
|variants=Pibb Zero}}

'''Pibb Xtra''' (previously sold as '''Mr. PiBB''') is a carbonated soft drink marketed by [[The Coca-Cola Company]]. As of 2008 it is sold in the [[Mariana Islands]] and the [[United States]].

==History==
Mr. PiBB was introduced in June 1972 to compete against [[Dr Pepper]]{{Fact|date=October 2008}} and has a very similar taste, but was sweeter and not as sharp as Dr Pepper.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The original test markets for Mr. Pibb in 1972 were located in Texas and Mississippi.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}

In 2001, a new flavor called Pibb Xtra was introduced with added cinnamon and cherry flavor,{{Fact|date=October 2008}} replacing the original flavor in many parts of the U.S. Some regions had both variations for sale at the same time.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}

The soda has a small but loyal following in many parts of the United States, especially the South.{{Fact|date=October 2008}} A diet version was also available into the 1990s in some markets, notably [[Texas]].{{Fact|date=October 2008}} Some cans, instead of being a traditional cylinder, had [[facet]]ed sides.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}

Mr PiBB's slogan in the late 1990s was "Put it in your head", and the can featured an odd cartoon head drawn in a squiggly scribble style.

In 2005, the Coca-Cola Company introduced '''Pibb Zero''', a sugar-free version of Pibb Xtra, in Texas, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Kansas]] (except for areas around [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]] and [[Hutchinson, Kansas|Hutchinson]], and the northwestern portion of the state), [[Oklahoma]], [[Missouri]], [[Chicago]] and parts of the [[Midwest United States|Midwest]]. The Coca-Cola Company reports that there are no plans to introduce Pibb Zero to the rest of the US.{{Fact|date=April 2008}}

==Availability==
[[Image:12 pack pibbxtra2008.jpg|thumb|left|150px|12 pack of PiBB Xtra.]]
Pibb Xtra is widely available in [[Texas]] and the southern United States, parts of the Pacific Northwest, the Midwest, and other areas of the country, depending on the local Coca-Cola bottler. It is rare to nonexistent in other parts of the US., such as the Northeast, where most bottlers are distributors of Dr Pepper. Pibb Xtra is common and very popular in Maryland, especially the Baltimore area. In Baltimore, you can find Pibb Xtra in many stores and also in 16 oz bottles at convenience stores. In California it used to be available in Bakersfield and Fresno in cans and plastic bottles as recently as 2005 but distribution has apparently been stopped. Despite its somewhat isolated location, Pibb Xtra is widely available throughout [[Sonora, CA]] and the rest of [[Tuolumne County]]. Pibb Xtra can still be found at the Kmart store in Bishop, CA off of Hwy 395 in very limited quantities as well as in Reno, NV.

It can be found in fountain form in restaurants such as [[Del Taco]], [[Wendy's]], [[McDonald's]], [[Subway (restaurant)|Subway]], [[Dairy Queen]], [[Quiznos]], [[Baja Fresh]],[[Rocky Rococo]], [[Chipotle]], [[Buffalo Wild Wings]], [[Waffle House]], [[Qdoba Mexican Grill]], [[Moe's Southwest Grill]], [[Potbelly Sandwich Works]], and at select [[Piccadilly Cafeterias]]; it is available in the northeast at [[Dennys]], [[TGI Fridays]], [[Ruby Tuesday's]], [[5 Guys]], and Quik Check convenience stores. It's also available on board of [[Continental Airlines]] flights. Some fountains and [[vending machine]]s still have Mr. PiBB labels, even though it has been replaced by Pibb Xtra.
Pibb Xtra is also available in other areas such as Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Colorado, Pennsylvania, and is limited in New York. Though it is widely available as a fountain drink, it is not available in bottles or cans in New Jersey.

==Nutrition facts==
In a 20 [[ounce]] bottle of Pibb Xtra, there are 240 [[calories]], zero of which are from fat. There are 70 mg of [[sodium]], 65 g of [[carbohydrates]], and 64 g of [[sugar]].

==Video game==
In the 1990s, the marketers of Mr. PiBB distributed a video game. It featured a cartoon man similar to the cartoon used on the original Mr. PiBB can, whose mission was to escape from a school inhabited by zombies. He defeated the zombies by burping at them and he could increase his burp capacity by drinking Mr. PiBB. This video game was played through [[MS-DOS]] on a [[Personal computer|PC]], and was distributed in [[floppy disk]] format (3.5" diskette).

==In popular culture==
{{Trivia|date=July 2008}}
Mr. PiBB is mentioned several times throughout the series ''[[American Dad]]'' as it is Stan Smith's favorite drink. It is a big part of the sub-plot in the episode "[[A.T. The Abusive Terrestrial]]", where Stan and Francine try to save the original Mr. Pibb drink from being discontinued. Eventually they meet a man named Mr. Pibb (voiced by [[Peter Graves (actor)|Peter Graves]]) who introduces them to Pibb Xtra. In [[American Dream Factory|another episode]], Stan pays a family of illegal immigrants working for him in watered-down Mr. Pibb.

* On an episode of the g4 channel's Code Monkeys, Character "Black Steve" says the he is sponsored by the Mr. Pibb company, and then says, "Drink Mr. Pibb, its refreshing and doesn't pretend to be a doctor, unlike other drinks" referring to Dr. Pepper. A similar statement was made by Francine in the save Mr. Pibb episode of American Dad mentioned in the previous paragraph.

*Mr. PiBB was also in an episode of ''[[King of the Hill]]'', where Dale fills Hank's lawnmower with the soft drink instead of gasoline.

*On [[December 17]], [[2005 in television|2005]], the "[[Lazy Sunday]]" sketch on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' included the line "Mr. Pibb + [[Red Vines]] equal CRAZY DELICIOUS," rapped by [[Andy Samberg]] and [[Chris Parnell]].

*Mr. PiBB is featured on a ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode where Peter Griffin tells of his living with [[Superman]]. A flashback follows leading to Peter asking Superman to go to the grocery store as they have run out of Mr. PiBB and Cheez-Its.

*In the ''[[Yes, Dear]]'' episode "[[Worst in Show]]", Greg is excited to find a Mr. Pibb machine at the veterinarian's office.

*Mr. PiBB is spoken about in the movie ''[[Slither]]'', Jack MacReady goes off in a tantrum screaming about the circumstances and how there is no Mr. PiBB. It's the only soft drink he likes.

*Mr. PiBB is also referenced in the movie ''[[S.W.A.T.]]''

*In the [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] episode "[[My Long Goodbye]]", [[Elliot Reid]] tells a story of a quiz she took in school about Mt. Dew's original name, and gives Carla a piece of trivia about Mr. Pibb, claiming it was originally called Señor Brown Water.

*In the movie ''[[Zoom (film)|Zoom]]'', Tim Allen (or Zoom) nicknamed the Zenith Program's robotic assistant Mr. PiBB, after the cola drink.

*In the ''[[Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Homer Alone]]", Selma and Patty babysit Lisa and Bart and offer them a choice of beverages including "Clamato, Mr. Pibb, and soy milk".
It is again mentioned in "Mayored to the Mob", when a woman comes up to "Comic Book Guy" and asks how much she can get for water damaged "Little Lo Los". Comic Book Guy tells her that the damage is not from water, but from diet Mr. PiBB.

*In the ''[[Venture Bros]]'' episode "[[Return to Spider-Skull Island]]", Dr. Byron Orpheus futilely attempts to order Mr. PiBB, among several other obscure beverages, at a roadside diner.

*In one of [[Mitch Hedberg]]'s jokes, he refers to Mr. PiBB as a "poor imitation of Dr Pepper", because the "dude didn’t even get his degree.”

*During the 1993 [[Nascar Winston Cup]] season, it was an associate sponsor to [[Hut Stricklin]]'s [[Ford Thunderbird]].

*Mr. PiBB was also the name of a character in four skits featured on the 2004 [[Adam Sandler]] album ''[[Shhh...Don't Tell]].''

*The drink is mentioned in the song 'An idea for a movie' on [[The Vandals]] Album, [[Hitler Bad, Vandals Good]]. The Lyric is, "I've got an idea for a movie, and it goes like this, Check it out, it's about about a boy who gets his finger caught in a bottle of Mr. Pibb.
[[Category:Carbonated drinks]]
[[Category:Coca-Cola brands]]