Indian Police Service

2016-01-08T01:54:05Z

117.55.243.14: /* Cadre strength */

{{About|the civil service,the Indian Police Service|the police in India|Law enforcement in India}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Indian Police Service
| type =
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| seal =
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| logo = Emblem of India.svg
| logo_width = 50px
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| formed = 1905 (As the [[Indian Imperial Police|Imperial Police]]) 1948<ref name=history/>
| preceding1 = [[Indian Imperial Police]]<ref name=history/>
| preceding2 = 
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| agency_type = [[All India Services|All India Service]]
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Republic of India]]
| headquarters =
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| region_code = IN
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| employees = 4730<ref name="MHA Report">{{cite web|title=Ministry of Home Affairs: Annual Report 2011-2012|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/AR(E)1112.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref>
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Rajnath Singh]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| minister2_name =
| minister2_pfo = 
| deputyminister1_name =
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| deputyminister2_name =
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| chief1_name = [[Dineshwar Sharma]]
| chief1_position = [[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director of Intelligence Bureau]]
| chief2_name = [[Pradeep Kumar Sinha]]
| chief2_position = [[Cabinet Secretary (India)|Cabinet Secretary]]
| parent_department =
| parent_agency = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
| child1_agency =
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| keydocument1 = 
| website = http://mha1.nic.in/ips/ips_home.htm
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{| class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: left; width: 23.5em"
|-
| '''Service colour'''
| Dark blue and red {{Color box|#00008B}}{{Color box|#FF0000}}
|-
| '''Uniform colour'''
| Khaki<ref name=Uniform_Col>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/open-space/Why-is-the-colour-of-the-Indian-police-uniform-khaki/articleshow/1719969.cms|title=Why is the colour of the Indian police uniform khaki?|accessdate=2010-05-11 | work=The Times of India|date=3 March 2007}}</ref> {{Color box|#996633}}
|}

The '''Indian Police Service''' (''Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā'') or '''IPS''', is one of the three [[All India Services]] of the [[Government of India]].<ref name=india-service>{{cite web|url=http://persmin.nic.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/AISRule/AISManual_Updated_27112007/2.The%20All%20India%20Services%20Act,%201951.pdf|title=IPS, IAS and IFS: All India Services (Government of India)|accessdate=2009-04-13}}</ref> It has replaced the [[Indian (Imperial) Police]] in 1948, a year after India gained [[Indian independence|independence]] from [[British Raj|Britain]].

==Objective==
The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined the police as a [[Ministry (government department)|governmental department]] to maintain order, [[Law enforcement organisation|enforce the law]], and to prevent and detect crime. The Indian Police Service is not a force itself but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India [[Central Armed Police Forces]]. Its members are the senior officers of the police. With the passage of time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined, the current rules and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:<ref name="IPS Duties & Responsibilities">{{cite web|url=http://www.upscguide.com/UPSC/UPSC_exam/civil_services/CS_services/CS_IPS.htm|title=Duties and Responsibilities of Indian Police Service officers|publisher=UPSCguide.com|accessdate=2009-12-19}}</ref>

* To fulfil duties based on border responsibilities, in the areas of maintenance of public peace and order, crime prevention, investigation, and detection, collection of intelligence, [[Very Important Person|VIP]] [[Protective security units|security]], [[counter-terrorism]], border policing, railway policing, tackling [[smuggling]], drug trafficking, economic offences, corruption in [[public life]], [[disaster management]], enforcement of [[socio-economic]] legislation, [[bio-diversity]] and protection of [[environmental law]]s etc.
[[File:India - Kolkata traffic cop - 3661.jpg|thumb|[[Kolkata Police Force]].]]
[[File:Rakshak.JPG|thumb|Armoured vehicles and personnel of the [[Mumbai Police|Mumbai Police Force]].]]
[[File:Gcp patrol car.jpg|thumb|[[Greater Chennai Police]] patrol car.]]
* Leading and commanding the [[List of Indian Intelligence agencies|Indian Intelligence Agencies]] like [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (R&AW), [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB), [[Central Bureau of Investigations]] (CBI), [[Criminal Investigation Department]] (CID) etc., [[List of federal law enforcement agencies of India|Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies]], Civil and Armed Police Forces in all the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|states and union territories]].
* Leading and commanding the [[Central Armed Police Forces]] (CAPF) which include the Central Police Organisations (CPO) and Central Paramilitary Forces (CPF) such as [[Border Security Force]] (BSF), [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF), [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP), [[National Security Guard]] (NSG), [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF), Vigilance Organisations and [[List of federal law enforcement agencies of India|Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies]].
* Serve at head of the departments in policy making in the [[ministry (government department)|Ministries]] and [[Ministry (government department)|Departments]] of [[Government of India|Central]] and [[State government|State Governments]] and [[public sector]] undertakings both at centre and states, [[Government of India]].
* To interact and coordinate closely with the members of other [[All India Services]] and with the [[Indian Revenue Service]] and also with the [[Indian Armed Forces]] primarily with the [[Indian Army]].
* To lead and [[Command (military formation)|command]] the force with [[courage]], uprightness, dedication and a strong sense of [[Public services|service]] to the people.
* Endeavor to inculcate in the [[police forces]] under their command such values and norms as would help them [[Public services|serve]] the people better.
* Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing social and economic milieu, respect for human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and [[justice]] and high standard of professionalism.

==History==
Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admission to the service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the [[Indian (Imperial) Police]]. It is not possible to pinpoint an exact date on which the Indian Police came formally into being.
Around 1907, the Secretary of State's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their [[epaulettes]] in order to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of State through examination. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point.<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=http://rajpolice.nic.in/ab-historyIP.htm|title=Data History of Indian Police Service (Official Raj Govt. Page)|accessdate=2010-04-26}}</ref> In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was replaced by IPS.

==Cadre strength==
The authorised cadre strength of Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts).<ref>http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/ips_cadre_stren.pdf</ref>

==IPS Civil List==
Civil List of IPS officers is an updated (annual) list maintained by the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India. This Civil List can be accessed from this [http://mha1.nic.in/IPS_Query.asp MHA site]. It allows searching for an IPS officer on the basis of his name, Batch or Cadre.

==Selection==
[[File:All India Police Memorial 2005.jpg|right|200px|thumb|National Police Memorial New Delhi]]
IPS officers are recruited from the state police [[En cadre|cadres]] and from the rigorous [[Civil Services Examination]] conducted by [[Union Public Service Commission]] every year.<ref name=Exam_1>{{cite web|url=http://www.awaazindia.net/ips.html|title=Awaaz India Pvt. Ltd – About Indian Police Service |accessdate=2010-04-26}}</ref> Due to an ongoing shortage of police officers in India, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] proposed the creation of an [[Indian Police Service Limited Competitive Examination]] to be conducted by [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]].<ref name="IPSLC Exam">{{cite web|title=Indian Police Service Limited Competitive Examination|url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2012/ips/ips_eng.pdf|publisher=[[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]]|accessdate=26 July 2012}}</ref>

The Civil Services Examination has a three-stage competitive selection process. At stage one, there is an objective type examination called the [[Preliminary examination|preliminary exam]]. This is a qualifying examination. It consists of a [[Civil Services Examination|General Studies]] paper and an aptitude test. Only the candidates who pass this can appear for the "Main Examination" which consists of nine papers. Each candidate has to qualify a 2 languages paper and four general studies papers select an optional subject (two paper). This is followed by an [[interview]].

After selection for the IPS, candidates are allocated to a cadre. There is one cadre in each Indian state, with the exception of three joint cadres: [[Assam]]-[[Meghalaya]], Manipur-[[Tripura]], and [[Arunachal Pradesh]]-[[Goa]]-[[Mizoram]]-[[Union Territories]] (AGMUT).
Two-thirds of the strength of every cadre is filled directly by IPS officers and the remaining are promoted from the respective states cadre officers.

== Pay structure (gazetted officers) IPS ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Grade
! Position in the State Government(s)
! Salary (monthly)
! Equivalent Position or Designation in the State Government(s) or [[Government of India]] (GOI)
|-
| Above Super Time Scale (Apex Scale)(After 30 years of service in IPS Cadre)<ref>http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/ProGuidPAR160410.pdf</ref>
| Director of Intelligence Bureau Grade or Director CBI in GOI,DGP/[[Commissioner of Police#India|Commissioner of Police]] (State).
| {{INR}}80,000 (fixed) plus grade pay-Nil
| [[Director General of Police]] – Only one cadre post, all other DGPs/CPs are in HAG + scale of Rs75,500–80,000, Director (GOI), [[Director General#India|'''Director General''']] (GOI), Director General or Special Director General in CAPFs, Secretary or Special Secretary (GOI) Chief Secretary of State. Lieutenant-General (army commander, three-star rank).
|-
| Above Super Time Scale (HAG)(Pay-Band-4)(After 25 years of service in IPS Cadre)<ref>http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/IPS-Guid-190710.pdf</ref>
| ADGP/Special Commissioner of Police.
| {{INR}}67,000-{{INR}}79,000 plus grade pay of {{INR}}12000
| [[Additional Director General of Police]], [[Commissioner of Police#India|Commissioner of Police]] ([[List of cities in India|City]]), Special or Additional Director [[Government Of India|(GOI)]], Additional Director General in CAPFs, Additional Secretary [[Government Of India|(GOI)]] Principal Secretary of State. Lieutenant-General (three-star rank).
|-
| Super Time Scale (Senior Administrative Grade)(Pay-Band-4)(After 18 years of service in IPS Cadre)
| [[Joint Commissioner of Police]]
| {{INR}}37,400-{{INR}}67,000 plus grade pay of {{INR}}10,000
| [[Inspector General of Police#India|Inspector General of Police]], [[Commissioner of Police#India|Commissioner of Police]] ([[List of cities in India|City]]), Inspector General of CAPFs, Joint Secretary [[Government Of India|(GOI)]] Secretary of State. Major-General (two-star rank).
|-
| Super Time Scale (DIG/Conservator Grade)(Pay-Band-4)(After 14 years of service in IPS Cadre)
| [[Additional Commissioner of Police]]
| {{INR}}37,400-{{INR}}67,000 plus grade pay of {{INR}}8900
| [[Deputy Inspector General of Police]], [[Commissioner of Police#India|Commissioner of Police]] ([[List of cities in India|City]]), Deputy Inspector General in CAPFs, Director (GOI)/ Principal Staff Officer (GOI). Brigadier (one-star rank).
|-
| Selection Grade(Pay-Band-4)(After 13 years of service in IPS Cadre)
| Deputy Commissioner of Police (Selection Grade)
| 37,400-INR67,000 plus grade Pay of {{INR}}8700+
| [[Senior Superintendent of Police#India|Senior Superintendent of Police]], Commandants of CAPFs, Director (GOI)/Sr.Principal Private Secretary (GOI) Special Secretary of State. Colonel.
|-
| Junior Administrative Grade(Pay-Band-3)(After 9 years of service in IPS Cadre)
| Deputy Commissioner of Police
| {{INR}}15,600-{{INR}}39,100 plus grade pay of {{INR}}7600
| [[Superintendent (police)#India|Superintendent of Police]], Second-in-Command of CAPFs, Deputy Secretary (GOI)/Principal Private Secretary (GOI) District Collector/District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner of a District, Joint Secretary of State. Lieutenant-Colonel.

|-
| Senior Time Scale (Pay-Band-3)(After 4 years of service in IPS Cadre)
| Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police
| {{INR}}15,600-{{INR}}39,100 plus grade pay of {{INR}}6600
| Additional Superintendent of Police#India|Additional Superintendent of Police, Deputy Commandants of CAPFs, Under Secretary (GOI) Addl. Collector/Addl. Magistrate/Addl. Deputy Commissioner of District, Deputy secretary of State. Major (pay grade).
|-
| Junior Time Scale(Pay-Band-3)(Initial Pay IPS Cadre)
| [[Assistant Commissioner#India|Assistant Commissioner of Police]]
| {{INR}}15,600-{{INR}}39,100 plus grade pay of {{INR}}5400
| [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]], [[Circle Officer]], Assistant Commandants of CAPFs, Senior Field Officer (R) Cabinet Secretariat, Assistant Collector (Training)|Sub Collector/Sub-Divisional Magistrate after training. Lieutenant (pay grade).
|-
|}

==Ranks and insignia==
{{Main|List of police ranks in India}}

===Ranks of the IPS===
All '''[[State Police Services (India)|State Police Services]]''' officers of and above the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) or Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) in [[State police#India|State Police]] and [[Metropolitan police|Metropolitan Police]] forces respectively.<ref name=Ref_Ranks>{{cite web|url=http://www.onestopias.com/indian-police-service/modern-ranks.asp|title=Modern ranks and insignia of IPS and SPS Officers Bio|accessdate=2010-01-20}}</ref>
{{Indian Police Service Officer Ranks}}
* [[Emblem of India|National Emblem]] above One [[Five-pointed star|star]] above Crossed Sword and [[Baton (symbol)|Baton]]<ref name="Director Intelligence Bureau's Insignia Equivalent to Armed Forces Generals">{{cite web|url=http://www.persmin.nic.in/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/AISRule/IPSRules/IPS(Uniform)Rules(Revised).htm#_ftnref21|title=Director, Intelligence Bureau's Insignia Equivalent to Armed Forces Generals|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=2009-07-27}}</ref>
::*[[Director of Intelligence Bureau (India)|Director, Intelligence Bureau]] ([[Government of India]])

*National Emblem above Crossed Sword and Baton
*[[Commissioner of Police#India|Commissioners of Police (State)]] or [[Director General of Police|Director Generals of Police]], [[States and territories of India]]
::*[[Director-general|Director Generals]], [[List of Indian Intelligence agencies|Indian Intelligence agencies]] (Government of India)
::*[[Director-general|Director Generals]], [[List of federal law enforcement agencies of India|Indian Federal law enforcement agencies]] (Government of India)
::*[[Director-general|Director Generals]], Central Armed Police Forces (Government of India)
::*Secretary(ies) (R), [[Cabinet Secretariat]], (Government of India)
::*[[Commissioner of Police#India|Special Commissioners of Police]] or Additional Director Generals of Police, [[States and territories of India]]
::*Special or Additional Director Generals, [[List of Indian Intelligence agencies|Indian Intelligence agencies]] (Government of India)
::*Special or Additional Director Generals, [[List of federal law enforcement agencies of India|Indian Federal law enforcement agencies]] (Government of India)
::*Special or Additional Director Generals, [[Central Armed Police Forces]] (Government of India)
::*Special or Additional Secretar(ies) (R), [[Cabinet Secretariat]] (Government of India)

*One Star above Crossed Sword and Baton
*[[Joint Commissioner of Police|Joint Commissioners of Police]] or [[Inspector-General of Police|Inspector-Generals of Police]], [[States and territories of India]]
::*Joint Directors or [[Inspector-General]]s, [[List of Indian Intelligence agencies|Indian Intelligence agencies]] (Government of India)
::*Joint Directors or [[Inspector-General]]s, [[List of federal law enforcement agencies of India|Indian Federal law enforcement agencies]] (Government of India)
::*Joint Directors or [[Inspector-General]]s, [[Central Armed Police Forces]] (Government of India)
::*Joint Secretar(ies) (R), [[Cabinet Secretariat]], (Government of India)

*National Emblem above three stars in a triangle
*[[Additional Commissioner of Police|Additional Commissioners of Police]] or [[Deputy Inspector General of Police|Deputy Inspector Generals of Police]], [[States and territories of India]]
::*Directors or [[Deputy Inspector General|Deputy Inspector-Generals]], [[List of Indian Intelligence agencies|Indian Intelligence agencies]] (Government of India)
::*Directors or [[Deputy Inspector General|Deputy Inspector-Generals]], [[List of federal law enforcement agencies of India|Indian Federal law enforcement agencies]] (Government of India)
::*Directors or [[Deputy Inspector General|Deputy Inspector-Generals]], [[Central Armed Police Forces]] (Government of India)
::*Director(s) (R), [[Cabinet Secretariat]], (Government of India)

*National Emblem above two stars
*[[Deputy Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]] (Selection grade) or [[Senior Superintendent of Police]] in selection grade with 13+ years of service (IPS officers posted in insurgency infested states such as [[J&K]] also wear this rank before 13 years of service to facilitate coordination and interaction with Commanding Officers of paramilitary and the Indian Army.<ref>[http://www.indianmilitary.info/2011/01/illegal-police-badges-of-rank-in-j-k.html Indian Military : Service Benefits and Issues: Illegal (Police) badges of rank in J & K]. Indianmilitary.info (2011-01-10). Retrieved on 2013-08-17.</ref>
::*Deputy Secretary(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
::*Other officers above selection grade
::* Commandants in Central Armed Police Forces (Government of India)


*National Emblem above one-star
*[[Deputy Commissioner of Police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]] or [[Superintendent of Police]]
::*Under Secretary(ies) (R), Cabinet Secretariat, (Government of India)
::*Commandant of State Armed Police [[Battalion]]
::*Other officer on Junior Administrative Grade with between 9 and 13 years service
::* Second-in-Command in Central Armed Police Forces (Government of India)

*National Emblem
*Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police or [[Additional Superintendent of Police]]
::*Other officers on senior time scale with 9 years service or less
::* Deputy Commandants of Central Armed Police Forces (Government of India)

*Three stars
*[[Assistant Commissioner of Police]] or [[Assistant Superintendent of Police]]
::*[[Circle Officer]] (CO) in the states of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]
::*Sub-Divisional Police Officer (SDPO)
::*[[Assistant Commandant]] Central Armed Police Forces (Government of India)

*Two stars
::* [[Assistant Superintendent of Police#India|Assistant Superintendent of Police]]
::* Indian Police Service officer probationary rank on 2nd year of service

*One-star
::* [[Assistant Superintendent of Police#India|Assistant Superintendent of Police]]
::* Indian Police Service officer probationary rank on 1st year of service

==Reforms==

India's police continue to be governed by an archaic and [[British Raj|colonial]] police law passed in 1861. The [[Indian Constitution]] makes policing a [[States of India|state subject]] and therefore the state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.

Repeated major incidents, (latest of them being [[2012 Delhi gang rape]]) revealed failure of police to uphold the [[rule of law]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_inept-delhi-cops-get-hc-rap_1780383|date=21 December 2012|accessdate=22 December 2012|title=Inept Delhi cops get HC rap|newspaper=DNA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/two-acps-are-suspended/article4237103.ece | title=Two ACPs are suspended | work=The Hindu | accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref>

The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police system coupled with systematic [[accountability]].<ref name=VermaCommittee_22Jan2013>{{cite news|title=Failure of governance root cause of crimes against women: Verma committee|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/failure-of-governance-root-cause-of-crimes-against-women-verma-committee/article4336046.ece?homepage=true|accessdate=23 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=VermaCommitteeHighlights_23Jan2013>{{cite news|title=Read: Highlights of Justice Verma Committee report|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/read-highlights-of-justice-verma-committee-report/317376-3.html|accessdate=23 January 2013|newspaper=CNNIBNLive|date=23 January 2013}}</ref>

===National Police Commission (1977-81)===
National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the [[Indian government]] to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981.<ref name="PRAKASH SINGH Case at LIIofIndia.org">{{cite web|title=PRAKASH SINGH Case at LIIofIndia.org|url=http://www.liiofindia.org/in/cases/cen/INSC/2006/609.html|accessdate=12 April 2013}}</ref>

===Ribeiro Committee (1998-99)===
{{See also|J. F. Ribeiro}}

In 1996, two former senior police officers filed a [[Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL) in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], asking for the Court to direct governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a committee to review the Commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The Committee, under the leadership of [[J. F. Ribeiro]], a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports.<ref name="PRAKASH SINGH Case at LIIofIndia.org"/><ref name="Ribeiro Committee">{{cite web|title=Ribeiro Committee|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=91%3Ashiva&id=688%3Apolice-india-rebiero-committee&Itemid=100|accessdate=12 April 2013|archiveurl=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=91%3Ashiva&id=688%3Apolice-india-rebiero-committee&Itemid=100|archivedate=6 Mar 2013}}</ref>

===Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000)===
In 2000, the government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union Home Secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah. This Committee released its report in the same year.<ref name="PRAKASH SINGH Case at LIIofIndia.org"/><ref name="Padmanabhaiah Committee">{{cite web|title=Padmanabhaiah Committee|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=91%3Ashiva&id=687%3Apolice-india-padmanabhai-committee&Itemid=100|accessdate=12 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306225136/http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=91%3Ashiva&id=687%3Apolice-india-padmanabhai-committee&Itemid=100|archivedate=6 Mar 2013}}</ref>

=== Malimath Committee Report (2003) ===
{{See also|V. S. Malimath}}

The Malimath Committee Report submitted in March, 2003 has very articulately laid down the foundation of a restructured and reoriented police system.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.nujslawreview.org/pdf/articles/2008_1/mriganka_shekhar_dutta_and_marico_baruah.pdf|title = POLICING THE NATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY : AN APPRAISAL OF THE PROPOSED REFORMS|last = Dutta, Mriganka Shekhar; Marico Baruah|date = January 1, 2008|journal = NUJS Law Review|access-date = January 3, 2015}}</ref> The Committee in its report observed that the success of the whole process of Criminal Justice Administration depended completely on the proper functioning of the police organisation especially in the investigation stage. Apart from the investigation of offences, the police also have the duty of maintaining law and order.

===Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)===
{{See also|Soli Sorabjee}}

In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police Act for India. It was headed by [[Soli Sorabjee]] (former [[Attorney General of India|Attorney General]]). The committee submitted a Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006.<ref name="PRAKASH SINGH Case at LIIofIndia.org"/>

===Supreme Court intervention (2006)===
In 1996, [[Prakash Singh]] (a former [[Director General of Police|Directors General of Police]] of the states of [[Assam]] and subsequently [[Uttar Pradesh]] and finally Director General of the [[Border Security Force]]) initiated a [[Public Interest Litigation]] (PIL) in the [[Supreme Court of India]], asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006, a bench of Justice [[Y.K. Sabharwal]], Justice [[C.K. Thakker]] and Justice [[P.K. Balasubramanyan]]<ref name="Prakash Singh Case">{{cite web|title=Prakash Singh Case|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1090328/|accessdate=12 April 2013}}</ref> ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force.<ref>{{cite news |first=Devika |last=Prasad |authorlink= |author2=Caroline Avanzo |title=Seize the opportunity |url=http://www.hindu.com/op/2006/11/05/stories/2006110500691400.htm |work= |publisher=The Hindu |date=5 November 2006 |accessdate=2007-09-12 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India:

* A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than every two years.
* The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone, nor can they choose the Chief Commissioner.
* There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and patrolling.
ss,<ref>{{cite news |first=Mobius |last=Strip |authorlink= |author2=Ramesh Ramanathan |title=Sohrabbudin's encounter: An article on Prakash Singh, IPS|url=http://www.livemint.com/2007/05/07001735/Sohrabbudins-encounter.html |work= |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |date=7 May 2007 |accessdate=2007-09-12 }}</ref> which will include the creation of:

* A ''State Security Commission'', for policies and direction
* A ''Police Establishment Board'', which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of police officers and other staff
* A ''Police Complaints Authority'', to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.

===Follow-up from Supreme Court===
In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments,<ref name="COMPLIANCE WITH SUPREME COURT DIRECTIVES">{{cite web|title=COMPLIANCE WITH SUPREME COURT DIRECTIVES|url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/chri_state_compliance_with_supreme_court_directives_chart.pdf|accessdate=12 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306213845/http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/chri_state_compliance_with_supreme_court_directives_chart.pdf|archivedate=6 March 2013}}</ref> the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ordered the state governments to report to it why the reform measures outlined were not implemented.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/writ_petition.htm |title=The Supreme Court of India takes the lead on police reform: Prakash Singh vs. Union of India |accessdate=2007-09-12 |work= }}</ref> After being questioned in front of the judges of the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. [[Tamil Nadu Police]] has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sunrat |last=Das |authorlink= |title=Board to lend ears to transfer woes |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070507/asp/frontpage/story_7741733.asp |work= |publisher= |date=6 May 2007 |accessdate=2007-09-12 }}</ref>

Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] [[Altamas Kabir]] and Justices [[SS Nijjar]] and [[Jasti Chelameswar]] asked all state governments and [[Union territory|Union territories]] to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer [[Prashant Bhushan]] said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been implemented by many state governments.<ref name="SC asks states to file affidavit on police reforms">{{cite news|title=SC asks states to file affidavit on police reforms|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/SC-asks-states-to-file-affidavit-on-police-reforms/Article1-945679.aspx|accessdate=16 October 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=16 October 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[State Police Services (India)|Indian State Police Services]]
*[[Bureau of Police Research and Development]]
* [[Indian Penal Code]]
* [[Law enforcement in India]]
* [[Civil Services of India]]
* [[All India Service]]
* [[Indian Forest Service]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* ''History of services of Indian police service, as on 1 July 1966'', by Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Published by Govt. of India, 1969.
* ''The peace keepers: Indian Police Service (IPS)'', by S. R. Arun, IPS, DGP Uttar Pradesh. Published by Berghahn Books, 2000. ISBN 978-81-7049-107-1.
*''The Indian Police Journal (IPJ)'', by [[Bureau of Police Research and Development]], Ministry of Home Affairs. Published by Govt. of India, October–December 2009 Vol.LVI-No.4. {{ISSN|0537-2429}}.
* ''History of services of Indian police service, as on 1 July 1966'', by Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Published by Govt. of India, 1969.
* [http://www.facenfacts.com/NewsDetails/32892/intelligence-bureau-may-get-its-first-muslim-chief-s-asif-ibrahim.htm/ Intelligence Bureau may get its first Muslim chief 'S Asif Ibrahim']
* Police reform and election reform need.[http://www.commoncause.in/police-reforms-initiatives.php]
* [http://swaminomics.org/?p=1248 Half cear reform]
*police & people [http://www.peoplepolicemovement.com/history_police_reforms.html]
* police reform cases [http://www.supremecourtcases.com]
* Need of basic reform [http://legalservices.co.in/blogs/entry/Need-for-Police-Reforms-in-India]
* Reform too delayed [http://www.manjunathsinge.com/2010/01/police-reforms-too-important-to-neglect.htm]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Police of India}}

* [http://www.svpnpa.gov.in/ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]
* [http://www.upsc.gov.in/ Union Public Service Commission]

{{Public Services of India}}
{{Civil service}}

{{Life in India}}
{{India topics}}
{{Indian intelligence agencies}}
{{Asia topic|Law enforcement in}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}
* http://www.facenfacts.com/NewsDetails/32892/intelligence-bureau-may-get-its-first-muslim-chief-s-asif-ibrahim.htm/

[[Category:Indian police officers|Indian police officers]]
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[[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of India]]
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